2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit8Adventure学案(2) 5页

Unit 8 Adventure WORDS & EXPRESSIONS ‎ extra ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳extra的意思。‎ ‎1. If you need any extra help, just call me.‎ ‎2. He packed an extra shirt in case he had to stay another day.‎ ‎3. The monthly fee is fixed and there are no hidden extras. ‎ ‎4. We need hundreds of extras for the scenes. ‎ ‎5. They pay him extra to work nights. ‎ ‎6. He wanted to cook something extra special for dinner that night.‎ ‎【自我归纳】extra既可作形容词也可作名词还可作副词。‎ ‎★ extra作形容词时，意为：① ________（句1、句2）。 ‎ ‎★ extra作名词时，意为：① 另外收费的事物（句3）；②（电影里的）临时演员，群众演员（句4）。‎ ‎★ extra作副词时，意为：① 额外，另外，外加（句5）；② 特别，格外，分外（句6）。‎ ‎【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。‎ ‎1. You need to ____________________________ (格外小心别犯错误). ‎ ‎2. It’s $19.95 for dinner, and ____________________________  (酒水费另计). ‎ ‎3. The government ____________________________________ (已承诺再拨款10亿英镑) for health care.‎ 参考答案 extra ‎【自我归纳】额外的，分外的，附加的 ‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. be extra careful not to make any mistakes  2. drinks are extra  ‎ ‎3. has promised an extra ￡1 billion  ‎ differ ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳differ的意思及用法。‎ ‎1. Adam’s views differ from those of his classmates.‎ ‎2. The twins look alike, but they differ in character.‎ ‎3. We differ with them on / about / over that question.‎ ‎【自我归纳】differ 是动词，意为：① ________（常用搭配：differ from与……不同，differ in在……方面有区别）（句1、句2）；② 持异议，有分歧（常用搭配：differ with sb. on / about / over sth.在某事上与某人意见不同）（句3）。‎ ‎【拓展】 ‎ ‎★ different adj. 不同的，相异的 be different from 与……不同的 ‎★ difference n. 不同，差别 ‎ tell the difference between A and B 分辨A和B的不同之处 make a / no difference 有/无作用 ‎【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下列句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. 那两个国家在宗教与文化方面有差异。‎ The two countries ________ ________ religion and culture.‎ ‎2. 杰克和他的父亲在当前经济形势的看法上发生了分歧。‎ Jack ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the present economic situations.‎ 参考答案 differ ‎【自我归纳】不同于，有区别 ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. differ in ‎ ‎2. differed with his father on / about / over risk ‎ ‎【归纳】risk既可作名词，又可作动词。‎ ‎★作名词时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为“危险，风险”。常用短语：at risk有危险，冒风险；at the risk of ... 冒着……的风险；take a risk / take risks冒险；run the risk (of sth. / of doing sth.) / run risks ... 冒……的危险，冒险。如：‎ The disease is spreading and all the children under five are at risk. ‎ The two students saved the girl trapped in the ruins at the risk of losing their own lives. ‎ To succeed in business, one must be prepared to take a risk / take risks. ‎ He was ready to run the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy. ‎ Investment is all about running risks. ‎ ‎★作动词时，意为“使……冒风险，冒……的危险（或风险）”，后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。常用短语：risk one’s health / fortune / life拿某人的健康/财产/性命冒险。如：‎ The young man risked his life to help others to escape.‎ He’s prepared to risk everything to avoid this war.‎ Tom risked losing his house when he was out of work.‎ ‎【即学即练】翻译下面句子。‎ ‎1. 他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出。‎ ‎ ______________________________________________‎ ‎2. 我愿意冒失去一切的危险。‎ ‎ ______________________________________________‎ 参考答案 risk ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. He risked his life to save the child from the fire.‎ ‎2. I’m willing to risk losing everything.‎ take off ‎【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-f中找出与1-6中的survive相符合的释义。‎ ‎1. I felt quite excited as the plane took off from Beijing.‎ ‎2. Jack set up a company and his career started taking off three years later. ‎ ‎3. It’s very hot in the room. You should take off your coat. ‎ ‎4. There is no night-flight to Tokyo at this time. The service has been taken off. ‎ ‎5. When he saw the police coming he took off in the opposite direction. ‎ ‎6. When his wife was sick, he took off from work. ‎ a. 脱下（衣裳等） b. 取消，停止（使用） c. （飞机）起飞 d. 休假，请假 e. 匆匆离开 f. <喻>（经济情况等）开始明显好转，开始获利 ‎【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们可以知道take off的意思分别为：1 → __________；2 → __________；3 → __________；4 → __________；5 → __________；6 → __________。‎ ‎【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. I didn’t recognise him until he ________ ________ ________ ________ (摘掉他的太阳镜).‎ ‎2. Some local trains ________ ________ ________ ________ (已被取消)，as there was no demand for them． ‎ ‎3. He grabbed his bag and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (匆匆忙忙地去开会了)．‎ 参考答案 take off ‎【自我归纳】1 →c；2 →f；3 →a；4 →b；5 →e；6 →d ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. took off his sunglasses   2. have been taken off 3. took off for the meeting turn up ‎【归纳】turn up 意为：①出现，露面；②发生（某情况）；③翻起，卷起；④把……开大一些；⑤发现；⑥使作呕，使难受。如：‎ He said he would come, but hasn’t turned up yet.‎ I shall meet you at the cinema unless anything special turns up.‎ He turned up the coat collar because of the wind.‎ She turned the sound up on the television. ‎ The police searched the house hoping to turn up more clues. ‎ The mere thought of flying turns her up. ‎ ‎【即学即练】写出下面句子中画线部分的中文释义。‎ ‎1. Don’t bother to look for my umbrella; It will turn up someday. ________‎ ‎2. The collar of his overcoat was turned up against the bitter wind. ________‎ ‎3. The sight of all that blood quite turns me up. ________‎ ‎4. We don’t know what may turn up tomorrow. ________‎ 参考答案 turn up ‎【即学即练】‎ ‎1. 出现2. 翻起，卷起3. 使作呕，使难受4. 发生 ‎ SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS ‎ 请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。‎ ‎1. The food cooking on the fire smells great and while you are having a hot cup of tea, you relax and watch the sun go down. (P22)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个由and（第一个）连接的并列复合句。前一分句是一个简单句，The food smells great是主句的主干部分；cooking on the fire作________，修饰food。后一分句是一个主从复合句， while引导的是________，relax和watch是主句中的并列谓语动词，go down作宾语补足语。‎ 注意：watch sb. / sth. do sth. 表示目睹整个活动或事件从头到尾的全过程；watch sb. / sth. doing sth. 表示看到正在进行的动作或反复性的动作。 ‎ ‎【句意】烤在火上的食物散发着诱人的香味，你喝着热茶，轻松地欣赏落日下山的美景。‎ ‎【仿写】火上煲着的肉汤散发着诱人的香味，母亲喝着咖啡，轻松地看着孩子们在庭院里玩耍。‎ ‎________________________________________‎ ‎2. We also realise that hiking can be hard work and believe that hikers need all our help.‎ ‎(P22)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。realise和believe是并列谓语动词，这两个及物动词后面都跟由that引导的________从句，且that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。‎ ‎【句意】我们知道徒步旅行很艰难，我们也确信徒步旅行者需要帮助。‎ ‎【仿写】我们知道乔治是个可靠的人，我们也确信他会按时完成这项任务。‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ ‎3. Accommodation is in comfortable hotels in Beijing and Lhasa, hostels on the hiking trip, and one-or two-person tents for camping. (P22)‎ ‎【分析】本句是一个简单句，是“主语+系动词+表语”结构。其中，comfortable hotels in Beijing and Lhasa, hostels on the hiking trip和one-or two-person tents for camping是in（第一个）的________。one-or two-person是合成形容词，由“数词+名词”构成，其中的名词要用单数形式。‎ ‎【句意】在北京和拉萨，食宿在舒适的饭店。徒步旅行途中住旅店，宿营地则配有单、双人帐篷。‎ ‎【仿写】除了去往森林的两小时旅途之外，一切都在控制之中。‎ ‎_________________________________________‎ 参考答案 ‎1. 【分析】（后置）定语；时间状语从句 ‎ ‎【仿写】The meat soup cooking on the fire smells great and while the mother is having a cup of coffee, she relaxes and watches the children play in the yard.‎ ‎2. 【分析】宾语 ‎【仿写】We know that George is reliable and believe that he will finish the task on time. ‎ ‎3.【分析】宾语 ‎【仿写】Everything was under control except the two-hour journey to the forest.‎ GRAMMAR ‎ 动作动词和状态动词 英语中的动词可以分为动作动词和状态动词。动作动词描述动作，可用于一般时和进行时；而状态动词描述状态，一般不用于进行时。‎ 一、常见的动作动词可分为三类：‎ ‎1. 表示持续动作的动词，如drive, eat, fly, play, read, run, sit, stand, sleep, talk, watch, write, work等。如：‎ We usually drive to work, but at the moment we aren’t driving because the car has broken down.‎ Janice flies around the world. She’s flying to Sydney today. ‎ ‎2. 表示改变或移动的动词，如become, come, get, go, grow, leave, reach, turn等。如：‎ Helen is becoming increasingly anxious about her husband’s strange behaviour.‎ She leaves for work at 7:30 every morning.‎ I’m leaving at the end of the month.‎ ‎3. 表示短暂动作的动词，如hit, jump, kick, knock, open, close, shut等。这类动词可用一般现在时表示说话时正在进行的短暂动作，也可用一般过去时表示发生在过去的一次性短暂动作，若用进行时态则表示短暂动作的不断重复。如：‎ My cat jumps up onto the table when I’m trying to work.‎ He opened the door and ran out of the house.‎ He was opening and closing the door to make sure that it worked properly.‎ 二、常见的状态动词可分为四类：‎ ‎1. 表达思维活动的动词，如admit, agree, believe, prefer, want, realise, remember, think, know, understand, suppose, imagine等。如：‎ I’m sorry bit I don’t agree with you. ‎ Ask me. I know the answer. ‎ Please speak more slowly. I don’t understand English very well. ‎ ‎2. 表达情感的动词，如love, like, dislike, hate, hope, care等。如：‎ Why do you dislike her so much?‎ I do hope everything goes well.‎ ‎3. 感官动词，如look, hear, feel, smell, sound, taste等。感官动词后用形容词修饰，而不用副词修饰。如： ‎ The water feels warm.‎ The coffee tastes really good.‎ ‎4. 表示拥有和存在的动词，如have, be, appear, belong, include, seem, need, own等。如：‎ Jack has one brother and two sisters. ‎ Mike is from England. ‎ This house belongs to my grandmother. ‎ 注意：‎ ‎★有些动词作一种意义解释时是状态动词，通常不用于进行时态；而作另一种意义解释时可归入动作动词，因此可以用于进行时态。如：‎ 状态动词 动作动词 have He has two houses. (= owns)‎ He is having lunch right now. (= eating)‎ think He thinks the boy is clever. (= believes)‎ He is thinking about your offer. ‎ ‎(= considering)‎ appear It appears that they’re going to close the theatre. (= seems)‎ The singer is appearing on stage tonight. ‎ ‎(= performing) ‎ see Do you see what I mean? (= understand)‎ I’m seeing Paula tonight. (= meeting)‎ taste The soup tastes wonderful. (= The soup has wonderful flavour.)‎ I’m tasting the soup to check if it needs any more salt. (=testing / checking)‎ ‎★be用一般现在时表示通常的状况，用现在进行时表示暂时出现的状况。如：‎ Normally Tom isn’t well behaved. But today he’s being very well behaved. ‎ ‎【即学即练】‎ I.‎‎ 判断下列句子的正（T）误（F）。‎ ‎1. My mother is preferring to go shopping rather than stay at home.  (  )‎ ‎2. Mary hates others listening while she’s telephoning.  (  )‎ ‎3. This kind of material feels softly.  (  )‎ ‎4. Adam is having a party at the weekend.  (  )‎ ‎5. I am thinking it best that you should stay here. (  ) ‎ II. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. ① Look, the boy ________ (hold) a big dictionary in his hand. ‎ ‎② People no longer ________ (hold) the belief that boys are more valuable than girls.‎ ‎2. ① The manager is not free now because he ________ (have) a meeting in the office. ‎ ‎② Mr. Brown, I ________ (have) some questions to ask you.‎ ‎3. ① We all ________ (consider) him an honest boy.‎ ‎② Your father ________ (consider) how to write his report, so don’t bother him.‎ ‎4. ① The old man ________ (measure) his grandson in the garden now. ‎ ‎② His grandson ________ (measure) 1.90 metres tall. ‎ III. 用括号内所给内容的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. A: I ________ (think) about visiting Jane this afternoon. ‎ B: I wouldn’t bother. I ________ (think) she’s away on holiday. ‎ ‎2. A: Mr. Jones ________ (have) a telephone message from his wife. ‎ B: Can it wait? He ________ (have) a business meeting and I don’t want to disturb him. ‎ ‎3. A: Why ________ (you, taste) the soup? Is there anything wrong with it? ‎ B: Yes, it ________ (taste) too sweet. I think you’ve used sugar instead of salt. ‎ ‎4. A: Why ________ (you, feel) the baby’s forehead, Mum?‎ B: I think she’s got a temperature. She ________ (feel) rather hot. ‎ ‎5. A: I ________ (see) my boss about a pay rise this afternoon.‎ B: I ________ (see). That’s why you’ve wearing a suit and tie. ‎ ‎6. A: Why ________ (you / smell) the inside of your car?‎ B: Because it ________ (smell) of petrol and I want to check for leaks. ‎ 参考答案 ‎【即学即练】‎ I. 1-5 FTFT F II. 1. is holding; hold       2. is having; have 3. consider; is considering  ‎ ‎4. is measuring; measures III. 1. am thinking; think 2. has; is having 3. are you tasting; tastes 4. are you feeling; feels ‎ ‎5. am seeing / will see; see 6. are you smelling; smells