【英语】2019届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选练1含解析 12页

‎2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（1）‎ A Pollution’s great effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.‎ The construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the country’s total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.‎ Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire building cycle—construction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）—than those who construct more regular buildings.‎ The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live in such buildings.‎ The process of building green includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials over long distances.‎ Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is ‎ important to build small.‎ Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.‎ Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the impact on the environment.‎ ‎1.What is the text mainly about?‎ A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.‎ B. The process of building green buildings.‎ C. The benefits and features of green buildings.‎ D. Green buildings effects on the environment.‎ ‎2.According to the text, green buildings refer to the buildings that______.‎ A. produce no waste B. only use clean energy C. are made of recycled materials D. use energy and resources more efficiently ‎3.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?‎ A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.‎ B. Small buildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.‎ C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.‎ D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.‎ ‎4.Why are green roofs used ?‎ A. They fit the surrounding environment well B. They are cheaper than other kinds of roofs C. They can keep natural water for use in everyday life D. They can help to control the temperature in the building well ‎【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故C正确。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选C。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选D。‎ B Many people rush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_fourlegged_family_member，only to find out that they are not ready for a pet.This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.‎ Being a responsible pet owner involves a financial commitment that goes beyond buying dog food.There are also parasite(寄生虫)prevention，boarding costs while ‎ traveling and the cost to care for the pet should it become ill or injured.That is not to say that one must be rich in order to have a dog，but it is important to be prepared for the expenses that come with being a pet owner.‎ Another consideration is the time commitment.An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.A potential dog owner must also consider the time it takes to care for his or her pet，the time it takes to feed，walk，play with，bathe and clean up.Also，dogs require attention.Be prepared to spend time each day petting and playing with it.‎ Dogs are dogs，and will act like dogs.This includes barking，digging，having accidents in the house and，possibly，destroying some of the owner’s prized possessions，such as furniture，shoes and cell phones.If the above would cause an owner to want to get rid of the dog，then he or she is not yet ready to be a pet owner.Many wonderful pets end up in shelters simply because they acted like dogs!‎ ‎1．Who might be qualified to be a dog owner，according to the text?‎ A．Kari，a teacher who works eight hours a day.‎ B．Jim，who has a daughter sensitive to dog’s smell.‎ C．Dick，a jobless teenager who can hardly pay his rent.‎ D．Steven，a business man who travels a lot on business.‎ ‎2．To be a responsible dog owner you need to do all the following EXCEPT ________．‎ A．buying dog food and feeding it B．taking it to hospital when necessary C．spending time each day playing with it D．finding a shelter for it when you are bored with it ‎3．What does the underlined part in the first paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Rush to adopt a dog formally.‎ B．Commit to buy a dog and take it home.‎ C．Run into a pet shelter and take one home so quickly.‎ D．Decide to be a pet owner without thinking about it carefully.‎ ‎4．What might be the best title for the text?‎ A．Dogs Are Dogs B．Ready for a Pet?‎ C．Have Time for a Dog?‎ D．Pets Are Family Members ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“only to find out that they are not ready for a ‎ pet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。‎ ‎4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“Ready for a Pet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。‎ C In business, there is a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size .Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.‎ In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that choose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track, What’s more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-year period.‎ How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly )and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ).Simply increasing the speed of production, for example ,may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference .But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.‎ In our study, higher-performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary. They became more open to ideas and discussion. They encouraged new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look back and learn. By contrast (相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn’t develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.‎ Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership. Teams that regularly take time to get ‎ things right, rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.‎ ‎( ) 1. What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean? ‎ A. Increase the speed. B. Get an advantage. C. Reach the limit. D. Set a goal.‎ ‎( ) 2. The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ___________. ‎ A. spending more time and performing worse.‎ B. spending more time and performing better C. spending less time and performing worse ‎ D. spending less time and performing better ‎ ‎( ) 3. What can we learn from the text? ‎ A. how fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.‎ B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.‎ C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.‎ D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.‎ ‎( ) 4. Which could be the best title for the text? ‎ A. Improve quality? Serve better. B. Deliver value? Plough ahead.‎ C. Reduce time? Move faster. D. Need speed? Slow down.‎ ‎【参考答案】1---4、BDCD D ‎(2015·河北七校高三联合考试)‎ Name：Off the Beaten Path Cover price: $30.00‎ Our price: $19.80‎ The Reader’s Digest travel book has 40% new contents including over 200 new sites，over 200 new fullcolor photographs，and allnew，uptodate maps.It spotlights over 1，000 of the United States’ most overlooked mustsee destinations.‎ Name：Container Gardens by Number Cover price: $15.95‎ Our price: $9.49‎ A unique book contains 50 easytofollow container designs.Each design provides a simple numbered planting plan that shows exactly how to create each display，with an instruction of the finished planter and indepth(深入的)plant information.The plans are easy to follow and for any type of living space or garden.‎ Name：Best Weekend Projects Cover price: $17.95‎ Our price: $13.96‎ Choose from 80 unique ideas to create an extraordinary living space.The projects are practical，as well as attractive，and will improve your home and yard and can be made in a weekend.These 80 welldesigned projects are presented in a clear，easytofollow style that addresses readers in an accessible，userfriendly tone.‎ Name：1801 Home Remedies Cover price: $40.00‎ Our price: $29.96‎ Plenty of health complaints can be handled at home.Each and every remedy will be tested by a doctor to make sure it is safe and sound.‎ Dozens of conditions are covered，from headaches，sunburn，bad breath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，to hiccups(打嗝)．‎ ‎1．You can most probably read the passage in a ______．‎ A．reference book B．travel guide C．newspaper D．textbook ‎2．What makes Off the Beaten Path different from other books?‎ A．It is the most popular book.‎ B．It doesn’t offer a discount.‎ C．It contains colorful pictures.‎ D．It focuses on people’s daily life.‎ ‎3．Which book offers the biggest discount?‎ A．Off the Beaten Path.‎ B．1801 Home Remedies.‎ C．Best Weekend Projects.‎ D．Container‎ ‎Gardens by Number.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了四本实用的书。‎ ‎1．解析：选C。文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了四本实用的书，只有报纸较全面，故选C项。‎ ‎2．解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的介绍可知，该书中有200多个新的景点，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地图，故选C项。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文中提供的四本书的“Cover price”和“Our price”价格计算比较可知，Container Gardens by Number打折最多，故选D项。‎ E Many people rush_into_the_commitment_of_bringing_home_a_four‎ legged_family_member，only to find out that they are not ready for a pet.This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.‎ Being a responsible pet owner involves a financial commitment that goes beyond buying dog food.There are also parasite(寄生虫)prevention，boarding costs while traveling and the cost to care for the pet should it become ill or injured.That is not to say that one must be rich in order to have a dog，but it is important to be prepared for the expenses that come with being a pet owner.‎ Another consideration is the time commitment.An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.A potential dog owner must also consider the time it takes to care for his or her pet，the time it takes to feed，walk，play with，bathe and clean up.Also，dogs require attention.Be prepared to spend time each day petting and playing with it.‎ Dogs are dogs，and will act like dogs.This includes barking，digging，having accidents in the house and，possibly，destroying some of the owner’s prized possessions，such as furniture，shoes and cell phones.If the above would cause an owner to want to get rid of the dog，then he or she is not yet ready to be a pet owner.Many wonderful pets end up in shelters simply because they acted like dogs!‎ ‎1．Who might be qualified to be a dog owner，according to the text?‎ A．Kari，a teacher who works eight hours a day.‎ B．Jim，who has a daughter sensitive to dog’s smell.‎ C．Dick，a jobless teenager who can hardly pay his rent.‎ D．Steven，a business man who travels a lot on business.‎ ‎2．To be a responsible dog owner you need to do all the following EXCEPT ________．‎ A．buying dog food and feeding it B．taking it to hospital when necessary C．spending time each day playing with it D．finding a shelter for it when you are bored with it ‎3．What does the underlined part in the first paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Rush to adopt a dog formally.‎ B．Commit to buy a dog and take it home.‎ C．Run into a pet shelter and take one home so quickly.‎ D．Decide to be a pet owner without thinking about it carefully.‎ ‎4．What might be the best title for the text?‎ A．Dogs Are Dogs B．Ready for a Pet?‎ C．Have Time for a Dog?‎ D．Pets Are Family Members ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。如果想领养宠物需要先做好思想准备，需要在经济上和时间上对宠物有所付出，从而做一位负责任的宠物主人。‎ ‎1．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“An owner away from home for 14 hours every day is not an ideal situation for a dog.”并结合选项可知，作为老师的Kari每天工作八小时，有充分的时间照顾狗，因此他(她)可能有资格成为狗的主人。故选A。‎ ‎2．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“This often results in the dog being turned over to a shelter where it may not find another home.This can be avoided if potential pet owners take the time to figure out if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership.”可知，当你把狗带回家却没有做好准备照顾它时，这只能导致它被移交到一个庇护所去，这不是一个负责任的主人应做的事。故选D。‎ ‎3．解析：选D。句意理解题。根据第一段画线部分后的“only to find out that they are not ready for a pet”可知，许多人发现他们并没有为宠物做好准备，由此结合选项可推知，许多人决定成为宠物的主人没有经过认真考虑。故选D。‎ ‎4．解析：选B。标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句中“if they are truly ready for the responsibilities of pet ownership”，并结合下文可知，文章主要谈的是想要饲养宠物前你是否做好了准备，因此“Ready for a Pet？”可作为最佳标题。故选B。‎