高中英语Module3BodyLanguage 15页

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading-Pre-reading Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean while words only express 7 percent. So, while your mouth is closed, your body is just saying ... Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive you are to people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests youare not afraidof taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close totheir bodies. If someone upsets you, just cross your arms to show you're unhappy! Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are a monitor in class, you can alsotake on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to be friendly in listening or speaking, you must move your head a little. Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 or tellinglies. If you are at interviews, try to keep them still! Posture (姿势). A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight，with your shoulders inwards.This makes breathing more difficult, which can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable. Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse (撅起嘴唇) your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment (评论) you don't wish to show. However, it will probably still be noticed, and people will know you're not pleased. Face. When you lie, you might put ona false face. But that expression would crack (使破裂) briefly, allowing displays of true emotions such as happiness, sadness, disgust (厌恶)and fear to come through. Section_Ⅰ Introduction & Reading — Prereading [原文呈现] If you say the word “communication①”， most people think of② words and sentences. Although these are very important③， we communicate with more than④ just spoken and written words. Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language⑤”. We see examples of unconscious⑥ body language very often, yet there is also “learned⑦” body language, which varies⑧ from culture to culture⑨. We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to○10 strangers. Like other animals, we are on guard⑪ until we know it is safe to relax⑫. So every culture has developed a formal⑬ way to greet strangers, ⑭to show them we are not aggressive ⑮. Traditionally⑯， Europeans and Americans shake hands⑰. They do this with the right hand — the strongest hand for most people. If our right hand is busy greeting ⑱ someone, it cannot be holding a weapon⑲. So the gesture⑳ is saying, “I trust you. Look, I'm not carrying a threatening○21 weapon.”If you shake hands with someone○22， you show you trust them. We shake hands when we make a deal○23. It means, “We agree and we trust each other.” [读文清障] 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 ①communication/kəˌmjuːnI'keIʃn/n.交流；沟通 ②think of 想到，记得 ③although 引导让步状语从句。 ④more than 此处表示“不仅仅”。 ⑤what 引导宾语从句。 ⑥unconscious/ʌn'kɒnʃəs/adj.无意的；不知不觉的 be unconscious of 未意识到 ⑦learned adj.习得的 ⑧vary/'veəri/vi.变化 vary from ... to ... 从……到……变化 ⑨which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“learned” body language。 ○10be introduced to 被介绍给 introduce ... to sb. 把……介绍给某人 ⑪on guard (保持)警惕 ⑫it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 to relax。 ⑬formal/'fɔːml/adj.正式的 ⑭动词不定式短语作目的状语；we are not aggressive 是省略 that 的宾语从句，作 show 的直接宾语。 ⑮aggressive/ə'ɡresIv/adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的 ⑯traditionally/trə'dIʃn li/adv.传统地 ⑰shake hands 握手 ⑱be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 ⑲weapon/'wepən/n.武器 ⑳gesture/'dʒestʃə/n.姿势；姿态 ○21threatening/'θretnIŋ/adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的 ○22if 引导条件状语从句。 ○23deal/diːl/协议；交易 make a deal 达成协议；做成交易 [第 1～2 段译文] 说起“交流”这个词，大多数人会想到词语和句子。尽管这些很重要，但是我们并不只 是通过口头和书面语言交流。实际上，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身体语言”的一部分。我 们经常看到无意识的身体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”身体语言，“习得的”身体语言在 不同的文化中各不相同。 当我们被介绍给陌生人时，我们使用“习得的”身体语言。和别的动物一样，除非我们 感觉到很安全才会放松，否则将一直处于戒备状态。所以，每一种文化都形成了一种正规的 方式来问候陌生人，以向他们表明我们并没有敌意。欧美人的传统是握手。他们握右手—— 右手对大多数人来说最有力。如果我们的右手忙着和人打招呼，就不可能握有武器了。因此， 这种手势的意思是：“我信任你。瞧，我没带威胁性的武器。”假如你和别人握手，就表明 你信任他们。当我们达成协议时，我们握手。意思就是：“我们达成了协议，相互信任。” 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 Greetings in Asian countries do not involve○24 touching the other person, but they always involve the hands. Traditionally in China, when we greet someone, we put the right hand over ○25 the left and bow ○26 slightly ○27 . Muslims ○28 give a “salaam○29”， where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead○30. Hindus○31 join their hands○32 and bow their heads in respect○33. In all of these examples, the hands are busy with○34 the greeting and cannot hold a weapon. Even today, when some people have veryinformal○35 styles of greeting○36， they still use their hands as○37 a gesture of trust. Americanyouths○38 often greet each other with the expression, “Give me five！” One person then holds up○39 his hand,palm○40 outwards and five fingers spread○41. The other person raises his hand and slaps○42 the other's open hand above the head in a “high five”. Nowadays, it is quite a○43 common greeting. Body language○44 is fascinating○45 for anyone to study. People give away○46 much more by their gestures than by their words. Look at your friends and family and see ○47if you are a mind reader○48！ ○24involve/In'vɒlv/vt.包括 involve doing sth. 包括做某事 ○25put ... over ... 把……放在……上 ○26bow/baʊ/vi.鞠躬 bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬 ○27slightly/'slaItli/adv.轻微地；稍微 ○28Muslim/'mʊzləm/n.(常作复数)穆斯林 ○29salaam/sə'lɑːm/n.(穆斯林的)额手礼 ○30forehead/'fɒrId/n.前额 where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a “salaam”。 ○31Hindu/'hInduː/n.印度人 ○32join their hands 双手交叉 ○33in respect＝respectfully 尊敬地 ○34be busy with sth. 忙于某事 ○35informal/In'fɔːml/adj.非正式的 ○36when 引导时间状语从句。 ○37use ... as ... 把……用作 ○38youth/juːθ/n.年轻人 ○39hold up 举起 反义词组：put down ○40palm/pɑːm/n.手掌 ○41spread/spred/vi.(spread, spread)张开 ○42slap/slæp/vt.掌击 ○43quite 修饰名词时，常把冠词 a(n)置于其后。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 ○44body language 身体语言，身势语 ○45fascinating adj.有极大吸引力的；迷人的 fascinated adj.被迷住的，被吸引的；极感兴趣的(不用于名词前) ○46give away 暴露(自己的情况) ○47if 引导宾语从句，作 see 的宾语。 ○48mind reader/'maIndˌriːdə/n.(自称或被认为)能看透别人心思的人 [第 3～5 段译文] 亚洲国家的问候并不包括触摸别人，但总是有手的接触。与人打招呼时，中国人的传统 方式是将右手放在左手上，稍稍躬身而行礼。穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触心、嘴和前额。 印度人双手交合，恭敬地行合十礼。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。 即使是现在，有些人在非正式场合打招呼时，还会用手来表示信任对方。美国年轻人常 常会用“来击个掌吧！”的表达打招呼。然后一个人举起手，手掌向外，五指展开。另一个 人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。现在，它是一种很常见的打招呼方式。 身体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达 的多得多。看看你的朋友和家人，试试你能否读懂他们的心事！ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings. 1．communicate A．adv.传统地 2．unconscious B．adj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的 3．vary C．vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流 4．formal D．adj.无意的，不知不觉的 5．aggressive E．vi.变化 6．traditionally F．vi.鞠躬 7．gesture G．adj.正式的 8．threatening H．vi.张开 9．deal I．adv.轻微地；稍微 10．involve J．adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的 11．slightly K．n.姿势；姿态 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 12．bow L．vt.包括 13．youth M．n.协议，交易 14．spread N．n.年轻人 答案：1～5 CDEGB 6～10 AKJML 11～14 IFNH Leadin In our life, we often use body language, it is a way of our communication. Can you guess the meanings of these hand gestures? A．waveB．a “high five” C．OK D．love E．thumbs up F．clap G．shake H．shrug one's shoulder 答案：①～⑤ FGEAB ⑥～⑧ HDC Whilereading Fastreading (Ⅰ)Skim the text and match the main idea with each paragraph. 1．Para.1 A．greetings in Asian countries 2．Para.2 B．ways of communication 3．Para.3 C．fascinating body language 4．Para.4 D．greetings in western countries 5．Para.5 E．American youths' greeting today 答案：1～5 BDAEC (Ⅱ)True (T) or False (F)． 1．Body Language varies from culture to culture.__T__ 2．Europeans shake hands with their right hand when greeting.__T__ 3．In Asian countries greeting involves touching each other.__F__ 4．Muslims greet by joining their hands and bowing their heads.__F__ 5．People can give away more by gestures than by words.__T__ 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 Carefulreading (Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What does the word “communication” mean in the passage? A．Words and sentences. B．Unconscious body language. C．“Learned” body language. D．All of the above. 2．“Shaking hands” means all the following EXCEPT “________”． A．we agree and we trust each other B．we are not aggressive C．we respect each other D．our right hands are strongest 3．Which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Giving a “salaam” is a kind of “learned” body language. B．A “high five” is a formal style of greeting. C．When we make a deal we shake hands. D．In Asia, touching each other when they meet isn't a common greeting. 4．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “give away” in the last paragraph? A．Give sb. sth. for free. B．Throw away. C．Give up. D．Make sth. known to sb. 5．According to the text, if you want to be a mind reader，what will you do? A．To know more cultures. B．Learn more body language. C．Learn to smile. D．Communicate with others by words. 答案：1～5 DDBDB (Ⅱ)Read the text again and fill in the chart with the information in the text. People 1.Ways_of_greeting Traditional Europeans and Americans 2.Shake_hands with the right hand to show you can be 3.trusted. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 4.Ancient_Chinese Put the right hand over the left and 5．bow_slightly. 6.Muslims Give a “salaam”， where they 7.touch_their_heart,_mouth and forehead. Hindus Join hands and bow heads 8.in_respect. 9.American youths “Give me five！” The conclusion Body language is important and fascinating and we should try to be a 10.mind_reader. Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1．Indeed, body positions are part of what we call “body language”. [句式分析] 句中 what 引导的宾语从句作 of 的宾语，what 在从句中作 call 的宾语。 [尝试翻译] 实际上，身体的姿势是我们所称的“身体语言”的一部分。 2．We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is also “learned” body language, which varies from culture to culture. [句式分析] [尝试翻译] 我们经常看到无意识的身体语言的例子，但也有“习得”的身体语言， “习得的”身体语言在不同的文化中各不相同。 3．Muslims give a “salaam”， where they touch their heart, mouth and forehead. [句式分析] where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 salaam，where 在定语从句中作状语。 [尝试翻译] 穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触心、嘴和前额。 4．One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. [句式分析] palm outwards and five fingers spread 为独立主格结构“名词＋副词 /过去分词”，作伴随状语。 [尝试翻译] 然后一个人举起手，掌心向外，五指展开。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Body language has always been a hot topic of interesting dinner conversation and now today it is still a hot topic. It is perhaps one of the most powerful forms of human expression or human communication! Body language is a very important part of communication which can constitute 50% or more of what we are communicating to the other person. If you wish to communicate effectively, then it makes sense to understand how you can (and cannot) use your body to say what you mean. Body language can be used to discover all sorts of things such as, knowing when someone is attracted to you, finding truth and lies, showing confidence, winning respect in any situation, and you can use body language to put people at ease, make friends quickly, persuade, and influence. So what is body language? Body language is a term used to describe the method of communication using body movements or gestures instead of, or in addition to, sounds, verbal (口头的) language or other communication. Body language includes the most subtle (微妙的) movements that many people are not aware of, including winking (眨眼) and slight movement of the eyebrows and other facial expressions. Body language is one of the easiest ways for you to tell what's really going on in a conversation with another person. The body language that you observe from other people will tell you whether or not those people are being straight up with you or whether there is more to the story that's not being said. Watch, look, observe. Sometimes you can tell more by a person's body language than the words they speak. 语篇解读：身体语言是我们生活中必不可少的一部分，本文主要告诉我们什么是身体语 言、身体语言的功能及重要性。 1．The underlined word “constitute” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．make up B．take up C．turn up D．put up 解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据前面的“身体语言是交流中很重要的一部分”和后面的 “50%或更多”可以判断，这个画线词是“组成，构成”之意，故选择 A 项。 2．What's the third paragraph mainly about? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 A．What body language is. B．When people use body language. C．Body language is very useful. D．Body language is very important. 解析：选 C 主旨大意题。第三段主要通过举例说明身体语言的各种用途和功能，因此 C 项为最佳选项。 3．The following are all body language EXCEPT ________. A．winking your eyes B．making eye contact C．the moment of the eyebrows D．the communication in a low voice 解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第四段作者对 body language 的定义可知，身体语言是 指没有声音和口头语言介入的一种交流方式，故 D 项“小声交流”不属于身体语言的范畴。 4．We are advised to observe the body language from other people to ________. A．remember everything they say B．understand the hidden meaning C．find lies from them D．show respect for them 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者建议我们观察对方的身体语言，是 为了了解对方的言外之意和未尽之言，故 B 项正确。 B Sport is not only physically challenging, but can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves. Coaches and parents should also pay attention that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters' performances. Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive support motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。体育运动既是对人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑 战。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。 5．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________. A．to make sport less competitive B．to increase their sense of success C．to reduce their mental stress D．to make sport more challenging 解析：选 C 细节理解题。由第一段的“Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知 C 项 正确。 6．According to the passage, sport is positive for young people in that ________. A．it can help them learn more about society B．it enables them to find faults in themselves C．it can provide them with valuable experiences D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves 解析：选 C 细节理解题。由第二段的“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.”可知答案选 C。 7．According to the passage parents and coaches should ________. A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sport B．help children to win every game C．train children to cope with stress D．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sport 解析：选 A 推理判断题。由最后一段可总结出父母和教练应该变批评为鼓励，以减轻 孩子们的心理压力，使他们拥有积极的动机，从而更喜欢体育运动。所以 A 项正确。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 8．The author's purpose in writing the passage is ________. A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout B．to persuade children not to worry about criticism C．to stress the importance of positive support to children D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement 解析：选 C 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，作者通过写压力对孩子参加运动的诸多负面 影响，使父母和教练们意识到只有更多的积极的鼓励，减少批评，才能让孩子喜欢体育运动。 C According to Dale Carnegie, author of the book HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople, 85% of success on the job is due to one's ability to lead people and personality. Only 15% of success is due to one's technical knowledge. Therefore, the ability to communicate with people is of great importance. So followings are five tips that will help you to succeed in communicating with others. 1．Have selfworth Selfworth is similar to selfconfidence. The better you feel about yourself, the more confident you're going to be.With selfworth (自我价值), you can get what you want out of every conversation. Without selfworth you'll be stuck in smalltalk. 2．Get interested in other people People have two stations which other people can listen to, WIFM (what's in it for me) and WIFO (what's in it for others). WIFM is boring for people to listen to. Most people are interested in themselves. People want to be flattered (奉承), and you can do this by letting the other person talk about him or herself, by changing the channel to WIFO. 3．Listen at least two times more than you talk You have two ears and one mouth for a reason. Therefore, you should listen twice as much as you speak. To show that you're listening effectively, you must ask followup questions. 4．Diversify_yourself Learn about sports, dancing, even television shows, etc. This gives you subjects to talk about, as well as chances to meet new people. In cases such as dancing, where you meet people as you perform the activity, you're actually killing two birds with one stone. 5．Follow the stepladder to success 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 You have to first be able to interact with fellow employees, and lowerlevel managers, before you can learn to deal with the CEO. Again, just like in boxing, you won't guarantee success, but you'll give yourself your best shot. 语篇解读：本文告诉我们沟通交流的重要性，并给我们提出了一些切实可行的建议。 9．The writer uses Dale Carnegie's words in the first paragraph to ________. A．attract the readers B．introduce a topic C．give an example D．explain a theory 解析：选 B 细节理解题。作者这里引用戴尔·卡耐基的话，是为了引出下文的一个话 题，也就是本文的主题——the ability to communicate with people is of great importance，接着再提出一些具体的建议。 10．If you want to have selfworth, you must ________. A．talk more about yourself B．focus on your own needs C．realize your own value D．pay more attention to yourself 解析：选 C 细节理解题。“Have selfworth”部分的表达的主题是认识到自身的价 值并保持自信，因此 C 项符合题意。 11．“Diversify yourself” probably means ________. A．becoming more active B．becoming more optimistic C．forming more habits D．developing more hobbies 解析：选 D 词义猜测题。根据第四条建议的内容可以判断，Diversify yourself 是指 让个人的兴趣多样化，多培养兴趣爱好，因此 D 项正确。 12．What's the purpose of this text? A．To help us to become confident. B．To help us to express clearly. C．To help us to communicate effectively. D．To help us to achieve career success. 解析：选 C 主旨大意题。本文先告诉我们沟通交流的重要性，然后给我们提供了一些 切实可行的建议，故 C 项正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Tips for Learning a Foreign Language Fast Learning a foreign language doesn't have to be difficult. There are many ways 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 to get absorbed in the language and learn faster. __1__ Don't give up. There are some easy tips that will promote any learner to achieve success in no time! 1．Be committed Commitment is the most important aspect of learning any language. Make it a daily routine to study. __2__ This is a great way to improve your vocabulary. Also, make it a habit to review what you know. A good time to do this is in the morning. 2．Make notes Sticky pad notes are great for studying a foreign language. Go around the house and put up notes with the foreign words for objects you see every day. Stick notes on windows, cupboards, mirrors and anything else you see. __3__ Leave each set of vocabulary up for a week to get the words rooted in your mind. 3．__4__ Find a friend who speaks the language you are learning. This might take some work if no one in your area is of that country. Try online for email pals: Facebook and Badoo are good choices to meet someone. The best way to learn a language is by getting interested, so finding someone you can speak with will give you a huge advantage over someone studying strictly from a book. 4．Watch, listen and learn Movies and TV shows are excellent ways to learn a language. Find popular TV shows in the language you are learning and watch as much as you can. Watching TV shows and movies speeds up the learning process rapidly. You will hear words you recognize and learn words you haven't studied yet. 5．Use a translator It works like magic to improve your understanding of sentence structure and increase your vocabulary. With the help of a translator, try translating sentences you want to know and making notes. Try translating in reverse and typing in what you already know to see if you are correct. __5__ In this case, a good translator can help you solve the problems you come across. A．Get involved B．Get interested C．It's a great way to study alone. D．Finally use a translator to learn sentences that you want to know. E．Try finding a site online that will send new words to your email daily. F．The most essential thing needed to learn a new language is a good attitude. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 15 G．It's also a good idea to make a list of sentences you want to learn and post them there. 答案：1～5 FEGAC