高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题4任务型阅读把握三个复习着手点讲练 7页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 把握三个复习着手点 学生在做任务型阅读时常遇到的困难是：难以理解文章结构与图表；难以用适当的单词 或单词的适当形式填空；不会概括；方法不当，信心不足等。因此，在备考复习时要有的放 矢地进行训练，特别要在以下几个方面注意积累经验。 1．学会查读 (1)带着问题有意识地在细节处和关键处做标记； (2)留意最醒目的字眼(time，age，number，place...)； (3)依据信息词搜索所需要的内容。如： ①5W＋H：who，what，when，where，why，how； ②时间先后：first，then，after that，next，finally； ③因果：because，thus，lead to，caused by，as a result of； ④比较：similarly，differently，like，unlike，but，while，however，instead， on the contrary。 2．学会组织、表述信息 (1)用名词所有格代替 of。如： the citizens' longer living 代替 the longer living of the citizens (2)词性转换。如： 原文：Taking a gap year and going to university offer valuable experience in similar ways... 转换成表格中：Similarities between taking a gap year and going to university... (3)句子结构转换。如： 原文：One likely development will be a gradual change in the family unit；the other likely development will be a change in the proportion of the nation's workforce. 转换成三个词以内的名词短语：family unit change；workforce proportion change (注意抓住句子中传达主要信息的关键词) (4)另选其他词来释义。如： 原文：...The ministry warned that thefts and robberies inside or near banks rose rapidly，with the victims mostly women and elderly people...It advised people not to take large amount of cash while travelling，especially during the approaching Spring Festival season，which always witnesses a large number of crimes. 转换成表格中：Theft and robbery rose rapidly；women and elderly people were mostly targeted for；people were advised to avoid taking a large amount of cash. 3．学会归纳、概括 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 原文第一段：By the end of this decade，more than half of the world's population will live in cities.Urbanization brings many problems to almost every country in the world，among which energy is one of the most serious one. 概括成题目：Title：Urbanization and Development 复习时注意积累一些概括性的词汇，它们的特征是： (1)概括性，在最大限度上覆盖栏内信息；(2)针对性，不能太大也不能太小，量体裁衣， 大小适度；(3)醒目性，注意措词。如：reason(s)，cause(s)，result(s)，effect(s)， consequence(s) ， advice ， suggestion(s) ， opinion(s) ， problem(s) ， measure(s) ， solution(s)，way(s)，form(s)，feature(s)，characteristics，type(s)，advantage(s)， disadvantage(s)，difference(s)，similarities，name(s)，age，time，costs，event(s)， purpose(s)等。 A (2016·江苏高考) 请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个词 An Extension of the Human Brain Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠 缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact， other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what I've called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system.”Such systems do not need to operate face－to－face，and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.It's already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state，the Internet has extended my memory and judgment. Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet，I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally，the Internet functions as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I'm writing; I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the Internet.It's become natural to check facts as I write，taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed，Wikipedia， or other websites. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 Regarding judgment：The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example，when I'm writing a textbook，it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term，which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that，I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.If I have a “new idea，”I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it，or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover，I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact，watch a video， read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time(such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)． But that's the upside (好处)．The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between. An Extension of the Human Brain A prosthetic nature ●The 1.________ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency. ●It 2.________ in our daily events，extending our intelligence，comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social activities. Wonderful aspects： memory and judgment ●On the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without 3.________ them in mind. ●The Internet makes us smarter over 4.________ kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 5.________ of the matter. ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 6.________ our claims，and to 7.________ our actions. The 8.______ sides of smartphones ●Smartphones make it easier and more 9.________ to check reality，watch video clips，read weibo. ●Smartphones 10.________ the possibility for new and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 insightful minds，and steal away our dead time. 【 答 案 】 1.Internet 2.participates/joins 3.keeping 4.all/different/various 5.heart/core 6 ． check 7.judge 8.mixed/two 9.convenient 10．reduce 【导学号：57732030】 B 请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最适当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。 Everybody sweats.Sweating normally occurs when a person becomes too hot or in reaction to emotions such as nervousness, anxiety, fear, and anger. But some people sweat a lot without being hot，nervous，or anxious.This is called hyperhidrosis (多汗) which may be very uncomfortable and embarrassing. This even causes some people to avoid social situations. Most often, hyperhidrosis is caused by overactive sweat glands (汗腺) and occurs without any other medical condition. This is called primary hyperhidrosis. Anxiety and nervousness can make sweating worse in many people. A small number of people have secondary hyperhidrosis, which is abnormal sweating due to another condition including cancer, infections, Parkinson's disease, stroke, etc. It's best to see your doctor to find out why you have so much sweating. Chinese medicine and acupuncture(针刺疗法)can help reduce it. Traditional Chinese Medicine works by correcting imbalances in the body. Treating the imbalance does not just treat the symptoms or mask the condition, but rather corrects the root of the problem by encouraging self－healing of the body. By correcting the underlying imbalance, you can experience better results. Acupuncture makes the body heal itself by activating and deactivating parts of the brain. This is possibly how it controls sweating. Sweating is controlled by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. Acupuncture has been shown to activate the hypothalalmus to decrease pain. It's possible that it also works to control hyperhidrosis through this part of the brain. The two most important choices for you to do on your own are eating right and relaxing. According to Chinese Medicine, eating right is simple. Choose local organic seasonal foods and try not to consume fatty and spicy food.It's also important to cook your foods and not eat too much salad and cold food, which is harder to digest and harder to absorb the energy from. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 Another important choice is doing something to relax the body and the mind. Breathing techniques are great relaxation. They work with the brain to bring quiet and peace, which can help reduce the amount of sweating. Also, qi gong, yoga, and tai chi can help naturally clam the body, mind, and spirit. If you have hyperhidrosis, there is hope. Practice these tips on your own and you'll feel better in both mind and body. Also, find an acupuncturist in your area to see if they have experience with this condition. Title Hyperhidrosis 11._____ Sweating a lot without being hot, nervous, or anxious. Disadvantages ·Making the person feel uncomfortable and 12.________． ·Causing some people to avoid social situations. 13.____ Primary hyperhidrosis ·Caused by overactive sweat glands. ·14.________ by anxiety and nervousness. Secondary hyperhidrosis Caused by cancer, infections, Parkinson's disease, stroke, etc. Treatment Traditional Chinese Medicine Correcting the underlying imbalances in the body by encouraging 15.________ of the body. 16.______ Activating and deactivating parts of the brain to control hyperhidrosis. 17．____ Eating right ·Choose local organic seasonal foods. ·Try to 18.________ fatty and spicy food. ·Cook your foods. ·Don't eat too much salad and cold food. 19．______ ,·Use breathing techniques to bring quiet and peace. ·Engage in qi gong, yoga, and tai chi to naturally 20.______ the body, mind, and spirit. 【答案】 11.Definition 12.embarrassed 13.Types 14.Worsened 15.self－ healing 16.Acupuncture 17.Tips 18.avoid 19.Relaxing 20.calm C 请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。 It doesn't matter if books are delivered in print or by smart phone; the main 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 thing is to get lost in reading them. Reading books is vital for human development. Why should we bother reading a book? All children say this occasionally. Many of the 12 million adults in Britain with reading difficulties repeat it to themselves daily. In a world of accelerating technology, increasing time poverty and decreasing attention, should they invest precious time sinking into a good book? The discovery that our brains are physically changed by the experience of reading is something many of us will understand instinctively (本能地), as we think back to the way an extraordinary book had a transformative effect on the way we viewed the world. This transformation only takes place when we lose ourselves in a book, abandoning the emotional and mental chatter of the real world. That's why studies have found this kind of deep reading makes us more sensitive to the inner lives of others. Rationally，we know that reading is the foundation stone of all education, and therefore an essential basis of the knowledge economy. So reading is—or should be—an aspect of public policy. But perhaps even more significant is its emotional role as the starting point for individual voyages of personal development and pleasure. Books can open up emotional, imaginative and historical landscapes that equal and extend the corridors (走廊) of the web. They can help create and strengthen our sense of self. If reading were to decline significantly, it would change the very nature of our species. If we, in the future, are no longer wired for self －reflection and creative thought, we will die out. However, technology throws up as many solutions as it does challenges：for every door it closes, another opens. So the ability, offered by devices like e－readers, smart phones and tablets, to carry an entire library in your hand is an amazing opportunity. Publishers need to use every new piece of technology to embed (使融 入) long－form reading within our culture. We should concentrate on the message, not worry about the medium. We must also get better at using the ability of the Internet to inform readers, and potential readers, about all the extraordinary new books that are published every year, and to renew their acquaintance with the best of rich literary tradition. The research shows that if we stop reading，we will be different people: less complicated, less considerate, less interesting. There can hardly be a better reason for fighting to protect the future of the book. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 【 答 案 】 21.printed 22.loss 23.lack/shortage 24.view 25.understand 26.based 27.pleasure 28．exposes 29.use 30.benefits