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UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Section B Reading and Thinking
核心词汇
词汇一
carry sb. through sth.
帮助某人渡过难关
◆教材原句
...what
carried
her
through
a life of hard choices. ……
是什么支撑着她度过艰难抉择的一生。
◆要点必记
carry sth. through
成功完成,顺利实现
carry out
实施;履行;执行
carry on
继续移动
carry on sth.
从事某事
carry on doing sth.
继续做某事
carry on with sth.
(
carry sth. on
)继续做某事
carry away
运走
carry off
赢得;获得;成功对付
carry weight
有影响力;重要;有分量
题组练
·
领悟方法
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)
His determination carried him
the hard time.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
I’d be grateful if you let me carry on
my job.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
Carry
until you get to the crossing
,
and you will see a shop
where you can buy envelopes.
(
4
)
If you carry on
(
spend
)
money like that
,
you will end up in debt.
(
5
)[词汇复现]
In spite of the difficulty
,
I will carry
my plan.
◆
单句写作
(
6
)
It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to
( 顺利完成)
.
through
with
on
spending
out
carry it through
词汇二
majority
n.
大部分;大多数
◆教材原句
At age 18
,
instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the
majority
of girls
,
she chose to study medicine.
18
岁时,她没有像大多数女孩一样走传统的婚姻之路,而是选择了学医。
◆要点必记
the majority of...
大多数
…… in a/the majority
占大多数
◆误区警示
the majority
单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。
“the majority of +
复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。
“the majority of +
不可数名词”作主语 时,谓语动词用单数。
◆词语积累
(
1
)
major
adj.
主要的,重要的,大的
n.
主修课程,专业;主修某科目的学生
vi.
主修
major in
主修
an English major
英语专业的学生
play a major role/part in sth.
在某事中起重要作用
(
2
)
minor
adj.
次要的
minority
n.
少数
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
The
(
major
)
of the citizens in that region have been
affected by the dust.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
Tom and I have something in common
:
we both major
engineering.
(
3
)
An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members
(
be
)
against it.
◆写出句中
major
的词性及含义
(
4
)[词汇复现]
Briefly speaking
,
smoking is one of the major causes of cancer.
_________________
(
5
)
He majored in history at Stanford. _________________
(
6
)[词汇复现]
The major part of the town was ruined by the horrible earthquake.
_________________
(
7
)
English is his major and he has no difficulty communicating with foreigners.
________________
majority
in
are
动词,主修
形容词,主要的
形容词,大的
名词,专业
through
◆
单句写作
(
8
)[词汇复现]
One-third of the country is covered with grass and____________
(大多数)
the citizens live in tents.
(
9
)
In college I
(主修)
Natural Science. What was your major?
the majority of
majored in
词汇三
complain
vi.
&
vt.
抱怨;发牢骚
◆教材原句
“...Finding a good husband should be their
final goal!”
her brother
complained
,
thinking of the high tuition fees.
“……找一个好丈夫应该是她们的最终目标!”
想到高额的学费,她哥哥抱怨道。
◆要点必记
( 1)complain about... 抱怨……
complain(to sb.)that... (向某人)抱怨……
complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
( 2)complaint
n
. 抱怨
make a complaint to sb. about sth.
向某人抱怨某事
a flood of complaints 大量的投诉
◆误区警示
complain 的后面不能直接跟sb. 作宾语,须先加介词to。类似的词还有explain,
announce 等。
◆学法点拨
v.
+-t →
n.
complain 抱怨→ complaint 抱怨
weigh 称重→ weight 重量
join 连接→ joint 接头
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Mothers often complain
their children
wrestling on the bed.
(
2
)
He will complain
having to do so much paperwork.
(
3
)
Why don’t you make a
complain
)
against your noisy neighbors?
◆单句写作
(
4
)[词汇复现]
She
(
向我抱怨说)
no one could tell her the
feature of the house.
(
5
)
We should think how to deal with the problems instead of _____________________
______
(抱怨别人的错误)
.
◆一句多译
(
6
) 他总是向我抱怨生活有压力。
He is always
the stressful life.
He is always
the stressful life.
complaint
about
about
to
complained to me that
complaining about others’ mistakes
complaining to me about
making a complaint to me about
词汇四
respond
(
1
)
vt.
回答;回复 (
2
)
vi.
做出反应;回应
◆教材原句
She
responded
,“
I’d rather stay single to study all my life!”
她回答说:“我宁愿终生保持单身去学习
!”
◆
要点必记
respond to...
(
with sth.
)回答,回复;对
……
作出反应
respond that...
回答说
……
◆
误区警示
respond
是不及物动词,跟宾语时要加介词
to
。
◆词语积累
response
n.
反应;回答;回复
in response to
作为对
……
的答复
/
反应
make a response
(
to
)(对
……
)做出回应
/
反应
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
After all
,
knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond
quickly
emergencies.
(
2
)
He made no
(
respond
)
to my question
,
and went on with his movie.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during
our trip
,
but no one
(
respond
)
by now.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
How did they
(对
……
作出反应)
the news?
(
5
)[词汇复现]
He
(没有回复)
my
congratulation letter.
to
response
has responded
respond to
made no response to/didn’t respond to
词汇五
reject
vt.
拒绝接受;不录用;冷落
◆教材原句
Dr Lin
,
however
,
rejected
the offer.
然而,林医生拒绝了这个提议。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan
拒绝接受某人的想法
/
建议
/
计划
reject an argument/a decision/an offer
拒绝接受一个论点
/
一个决定
/
一项提议
(
2
)
rejection
n
.
拒绝接受;否决
a rejection letter
一封回绝信
◆词语辨析
reject
与
refuse
reject
vt.
正式用词,“摒弃,不采用,不使用”。
refuse
vi. & vt
.
普通用词,“拒绝”。
refuse sb. sth.
拒绝某人某事
refuse to do sth.
拒绝做某事
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)
He
(
reject
)
by the army because of his poor eyesight last year.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
Although writing a
(
reject
)
letter can be difficult
,
there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary.
◆
辨析填空(
reject/refuse
)
(
3
)
He loves his daughter so much that he can
her nothing.
(
4
)
I’ve been
by all the companies I applied to.
(
5
)[词汇复现]
I absolutely
to take part in anything that’s illegal.
(
6
)
When she was sent to a boarding school
,
she felt
by her parents.
was rejected
rejection
refuse
rejected
refuse
rejected
词汇六
appoint
vt.
任命;委派
◆
教材原句
In 1941
,
Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be
appointed
director of the OB-
GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...1941
年,林医生成为第一位被 任命为北京协
和医院妇产科主任的中国女性
……
◆
要点必记
(
1
)
appoint sb. to be...
任命某人担任
…… appoint sb. as...
任命某人担任
……
appoint a time
约定
……
的时间
(
2
)
appointed
adj
.
约定的,指定的
at the appointed time
在约定的时间
(
3
)
appointment
n
.
任命;约定
make an appointment with sb.
与某人约会
break/keep an appointment
爽约
/
守约
by appointment
按照约定
an appointment letter
任命书
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)
Salmon
,
disabled
,
is attended throughout her school days by a nurse____________
(
appoint
)
to guard her.
(
2
)
I hate to rush you
,
but I have another
(
appoint
)
.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
To his joy
,
he
(
appoint
)
as manager. After all
,
this represented his ability. And the moment he received the_____________
(
appoint
)
letter
,
he called and made an
(
appoint
)
with his former
teacher
,
for whose help he was grateful.
◆
单句写作
(
4
) 在任何情况下我们都不能失约。
In no case should we fail to
.
(
5
) 这位农业专家仅凭预约才能见到。
The agricultural expert can only be visited
.
appointed
appointed
was appointed
appointment
appointment
keep an appointment
by appointment
词汇七
elect
vt.
(
1
)选举;推选 (
2
)选择,决定做某事
◆教材原句
In 1954
,
she was
elected
to the first National People’s Congress...1954
年,她被选举参加第一届全国人民代表大会
……
◆
要点必记
(
1
)
elect sb.
(
as
)
...
选举某人为
……
elect to do sth.
决定做某事
the newly elected president
新当选的总统
(
2
)
election
n
.
选举;推选;当选
win an election
在选举中获胜
a round of election
一轮选举
hold an election
举行选举
election results
选举结果
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Congratulations! I heard you have been
(
elect
)
as chairman.
(
2
)
An increasing number of people elect
(
work
)
at home.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
The year 1789 saw the first
(
elect
)
in American history where a majority of people
(
elect
)
George Washington
the first president.
◆
单句写作
(
4
)
Who do you think will
(在下次选举中获胜)
?
(
5
)[词汇复现]
Faced with their failure in
(第一轮选举)
the party didn’t lose heart.
elected
to work
election
elected
as
win the next election
the first round of the election
词汇八
tend
vt.
照顾;照料
vi.
倾向;趋于
◆教材原句
She was more interested in
tending
patients...
她对照顾病人
……
更感兴趣。
◆要点必记
tend
(
to
)
sb./sth.
照料
/
护理某人
/
照管某事物
tend to do sth.
易于做某事,往往会发生某事
tend to/towards
倾向于,趋于
◆词语积累
tendency
n
.
趋势;倾向
a tendency to do sth.
做某事的倾向
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Typically
,
people tend
(
make
)
mistakes when tired.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
The nurses were tending
those injured by firecrackers.
(
3
)
I have a tendency
(
talk
)
too much when nervous.
(
4
)
The modern furniture designs tend
simplicity.
◆单句写作
(
5
)
People
(往往需要)
less sleep as they get older.
to make
to
to talk
towards
tend to need
词汇九
retire
vi.
&
vt.
退休;退职;退出
◆教材原句
Dr Lin did not
retire
until the day she died
,
22 April 1983.
林医生直到
1983
年
4
月
22
日去世才退休。
◆要点必记
(
1
)
retire...from
从
……
退休
retire...as
从
……
职位上退休
retire from office
退职
retire from service
退役
(
2
)
retired
adj
.
退职的,退休的
a retired teacher
一位退休教师
(
3
)
retirement
n
.
退职,退休
take early retirement
提前退休
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
He has agreed to struggle on
,
though he hopes to retire
his position.
(
2
)
They will hold a party in celebration of her
(
retire
)
.
(
3
)
The other day a
(
retire
)
couple came to my office.
◆单句写作
(
4
)
My father
(从
……
退休)
teaching 3 years ago.
from
retirement
retired
retired from
词汇十
principle
n
.
道德原则;法则;原则
◆教材原句
What was the main
principle
guiding Dr Lin through the choices in her life?
指导林医生在她的一生中做出这些选择的主要原则是什么?
◆要点必记
stick to one’s principles
坚持原则
be against one’s principles
违背某人的原则
as a matter of principle
作为原则问题
in principle
原则上;大体上
◆单句写作
(
1
)
Anyway
,
I can’t cheat in the exams—it’s
( 违背我的原则)
.
(
2
)
(原则上),
the new software should make the accounting system a lot simpler.
(
3
)
Though poor
,
he still
(坚持他的原则)
.
against my principles
In principle
sticks to his principles
词汇十一
scared
adj.
害怕的;对
……
感到惊慌或恐惧的
◆教材原句
She was so
scared
during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond
to the questions.
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
◆要点必记
be scared of doing sth.
害怕做某事
be scared of sth.
害怕某物
be scared
to do sth.
害怕做某事
be scared that...
害怕
……
◆
词语积累
scare
n
.
惊吓
vt
.
惊吓;使害怕
vi
.
受惊吓
It scares sb. to do sth.
做某事使某人感到害怕。
scare...away/off
吓走
/
吓跑
……
scare sb. into doing sth.
威胁
/
恐吓某人做某事
scare sb. to death
把某人吓得要死
scary
adj
.
恐怖的,吓人的
a scary movie
恐怖电影
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)
When we are getting excited
,
angry or
(
scare
),
our bodies also go through many physical changes.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
The turkey was scared
at the sight of us.
(
3
)[词汇复现]
I really thought I was going to fall—it was a
(
scare
)
moment.
(
4
)[词汇复现]
The atmosphere was
and we felt
staying in the room.
(
scare
)
◆
单句写作
(
5
)
Many customers have been
(被吓得买)
organic food.
(
6
)
The local farmers used to light a fire
( 吓跑)
the wolves.
(
7
)
She was
(害怕进入)
the yard because she was__________________
(害怕被咬)
by the big dog lying at the gate.
scared
away/off
scary
scary
scared
scared into buying
to scare away/off
scared to go into
scared of being bitten
词汇十二
sharp
(
1
)
adj.
(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的;鲜明的;
敏锐的;(语言)尖刻的;剧烈的;急转的
(
2
)
adv.
(用于时间后表示准时)整
◆教材原句
Many Americans complain about the
sharp
increase in the cost of health care and health insurance
recently.
许多美国人抱怨最近医疗保健和医疗保险费用的急剧增加。
◆要点必记
sharp-eyed
目光敏锐的
a sharp tongue
说话刻薄
a sharp sense of humour
很强的幽默感
a sharp increase
急剧增加
be sharp with
对
……
说话刻薄
a sharp bend/turn
急转弯
◆词语积累
sharply
adv
.
急剧地,大幅度地;严厉地,毫不客气地
fall sharply
急剧下降
sharpen
vt
.
(使)变得锋利
◆写出下列句中
sharp
的含义
(
1
)[词汇复现]
Unfortunately
,
I cut my foot on a sharp stone and caught my hair on a branch.
___________
(
2
)[词汇复现]
As we all know
,
an eagle has sharp eyesight.
___________
(
3
)[词汇复现]
When we got to the church it was seven o’clock sharp. ___________
(
4
)
All the footmarks are quite sharp and clear.
___________
(
5
)
Suddenly
,
he felt a sharp pain in the stomach.
___________
(
6
)[词汇复现]
He fainted when riding to work. The bike made a sharp turn to the left.
___________
◆单句语法填空
(
7
)
The price of petrol has risen
(
sharp
)
since last month.
(
8
)[词汇复现]
The pencil doesn’t write well
;
I should
(
sharp
)
it before I draw the great figure.
(
9
)[词汇复现]
He was sharp
his colleagues when they werelate.
尖的
敏锐的
整
清晰的
剧烈的
急转的
sharply
sharpen
with
词汇十三
energetic
adj.
精力充沛的;充满活力的
◆教材原句
One of the advantages of hiring
energetic
and positive young people is that they tend to show interest
in their work and they are eager to learn .
雇用精力充沛、积极向上的年轻人的好处之一是,他
们往往对自己的工作表现出兴趣,并且渴望学习。
◆要点必记
be energetic in doing
积极地做
an energetic boy
一个精力充沛的男孩
◆词语积累
energy n.
活力,精力;能源,能量
be full of energy
精力充沛
have the energy to do sth.
有精力做某事
apply/devote one’s energies to...
把某人的精力花
……
上
◆词语辨析
strength
,
force
,
energy
与
power
易混词辨析
strength
体力;强度;强项
force
武力,暴力;部队
energy
精力,活力;能量
power
权力;能力;动力
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
The teenagers have many virtues
,
who are lively and
(
energy
)
.
(
2
)
He works so hard that he doesn’t have the energy
(
exercise
)
.
◆单句写作
(
3
)
You are always
(精力充沛的)
. Can you tell me the secret?
(
4
)
Do you wake up every morning
(感到精力充沛)
and ready to start a new day?
◆辨析填空(
strength/force/energy/power
)
(
5
)
The army officer
,
full of
and great
,
finally took
by
.
(这位军官精力充沛,力气巨大,终于以武力夺取了政权。)
(
6
)[词汇复现]
I hold the belief that knowledge is
.
(
7
)[词汇复现]
The peace-keeping
marched into the country.
(
8
)[词汇复现]
Among the staff
,
he has no match in
.
(
9
)
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas
,
wind and other forms of
.
energetic
to exercise
full of energy
feeling energetic
energy
strength
force
power
force
strength
energy
power
词汇十四
replace
vt.
接替;取代;更换
◆教材原句
The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to
replace
the secretary.
学生会将在
1
月份举行一次特别会议,选举一个人来代替秘书。
◆要点必记
replace A with B
用
B
代替
A
replacement
n
.
替换;更换;接替者
a replacement for ……
的替代品
/
替补
◆归纳拓展
“代替”的表达法:
replace
,
in place of
,
take the place of
,
in one’s place
,
take one’s place
,
instead of
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
He replaced the pudding
mashed potatoes.
(
2
)
It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should
(
replace
)
with a modern hotel or not.
(
3
)
If your passport is stolen
,
you should apply for a
(
replace
)
immediately.
◆同义句转换
(
4
)
There is something wrong with my bike
,
so I decide to replace it with a new one.
→ There is something wrong with my bike
,
so I decide to use a new one___________it.
with
be replaced
replacement
in place of
重点句式
句式一 “否定词
+
比较级”表示最高级含义
◆教材原句
To a person
nothing
is
more precious
than their life...
对一个人来说,没有什么比生命更珍贵了
……
◆
句式分析
“ 否定词
+
比较级”,即形容词的比较级用于否定结构中,可以表示最高级含义。
◆学法点拨
其他表示最高级的句型:
the +
最高级
+
比较范围
=...than any other +
单数名词
=...than all the others
not so...as
和
can’t too...to/can never
too...to
也可以表示最高级。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)[词汇复现]
I’m really grateful for your help
;
nobody else could do
(
much
)
.
(
2
)[词汇复现]
Nobody loves money better
he does
;
he takes advantage of every chance to make money.
(
3
)
No one is so blind
those who won’t see.
(
4
)
You can not be
careful when crossing the street.
◆同义句转换
(
5
)
He is the most helpful student in his class.
→ You can’t find
student in his class.
→ He is more helpful than
student in his class.
→ He is more helpful than
students in his class.
more
than
as
too
a more helpful
any other
all the other
句式二
would rather
宁愿
◆教材原句
She responded
,“
I’d rather
stay single to study all my life!”
她回答说,“我宁愿终生保持单身去学习!”
◆句式分析 “
would rather +
动词原形
/have done”
表示“宁愿做某事
/
宁愿做过某事”。
◆要点必记
would rather do... than do...
宁愿做
……
而不愿做
……
= would do... rather than do...
= prefer to do... rather than do...
would rather
(
not
)
do/have done...
宁愿(不)做
……
would rather+
从句
◆误区警示
would rather
后接从句时,若表示与现在或将来情况相反,从句用一般过去时;若表示与过去
情况相反,从句用过去完成时。
◆单句语法填空
(
1
)
She would rather
(
move
)
to another city immediately.
(
2
)
Jane would rather
(
be
)
more careful at that time.
(
3
)
I’d rather you
(
meet
)
her at the airport tomorrow morning.
(
4
)[词汇复现]
He complained that he’d rather he
(
be
)
more strict with us then.
(
5
)
Tom would rather live an independent life
rely on his parents.
◆单句写作
(
6
)
I would walk the dog after supper
(而不是)
at home.
(
7
)
(而不是)
take a bus to school
,
I prefer to go on foot.
◆同义句转换
(
8
)
I’d rather have a try than wait doing nothing.
→ I
have a try rather than wait doing nothing.
(
9
)
I would rather have hired him as my secretary last year.
→ I would rather I
him as my secretary last year.
move
have been
met
had been
than
rather than
Rather than
would
had hired
句式三
see sb. doing
看到某人正在做
◆教材原句
At times she
was even seen riding
a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴去遥远的村庄提供医疗服务。
◆句式分析
本句是“
see+
宾语
+
现在分词”结构,表示宾语正在做某事,其中宾语与分词之间是主动关系。
◆要点必记
see
的复合结构:
see sb. do
(看到动作全过程或动作经常发生,在被动句中用
be seen to do
)
see sb. doing
(看到动作正在进行)
see sb. done
(看到某人被
……
,表示动作完成或一种状态)
◆学法点拨
除
see
外,感官动词
hear
,
notice
,
watch
,
observe
等也有以上用法。
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