2020届译林版高中英语复习必修2学案：Unit3Amazingpeople 31页

Unit 3 Amazing people 一、课前基础自查 (一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意) 1．Egyptian adj.　　　　　　埃及的，埃及人 的 2．widespread adj. 广泛的，普遍的 3．female n．& adj. 女性(的) 4．data n．(pl.) 数据；资料 5．connection n. 联系 6．rocket n. 火箭 7．status n. 地位，身份 8．superior n. 上级，上司 adj. 更好的，更高的 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形) 1．swallow vt.& vi. 吞下，吞咽 2．preserve vt. 保存，保护，保持 3．entrance n. 入口 4．content n. 内容 5．death n. 死亡 6.shortly adv.　　　　　　不久，很快 7．coincidence n. 巧合，碰巧 8．disturb vt. 打扰，扰乱 9．labour n．& vi. 劳动，努力工作 10．signal n. 信号 vi.& vt. 发信号；表明 11．native adj. 本地的；本国的 12．outgoing adj. 爱交际的；友好的；外向 的 13．companion n. 伴侣；陪伴 14．desire n. 愿望，欲望，渴望 vt. 期望，渴望 15．candidate n. 候选人；申请人 16．quality n. 品质；质量 17．optimistic adj. 乐观的，抱乐观看法的 18．indeed adv. 的确，确实 Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变) 1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇(心) 2．fortune n．大笔的钱，财富；运气→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 →unfortunately adv.不幸地 3．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学 →scientist n．科学家 4．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸 5．requirement n．要求，规定→require v．要 求 6．inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞 [语境活用] 1．When asked where her inspiration of the novel came from, she said her father's inspiring words inspired her to write it.(inspire) 2．There are various goods in the supermarket, and the prices vary from cents to dollars. The variety attracts many customers.(various) 3．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously. To meet their curiosity, we'd better answer them.(curious) 4．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people's lives in medical →inspired adj.受到启发的→inspiring adj.令人 振奋的→inspiration n．灵感；激励 7．discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻→courage n．勇 气→encourage v．鼓励→encouragement n．鼓 励 8．devotion n．奉献；忠诚；专心→devote vt. 献出，付出；专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的；忠 诚的 9．organization n．组织；机构→organize v．组 织→organizer n．组织者 10．explorer n．探险家；勘探者→explore vt. 探测；勘探→exploration n．探测 11．various adj.各种各样的→variety n．种种； 多样化→vary v．变化 12．apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用→application n．申请→applicant n．申请人 science.(science) 5．This is strictly required, so if you don't match this requirement, please do not send your resume.(require) 6．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause.(devotion) 7．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply) 8．The failure in the English contest discouraged my brother.What's worse, he felt discouraged in other subjects.In order to help him regain his courage and get relaxed, my parents and I all encouraged him to take a trip.(discourage) (二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.come across　　　　　　　(偶然)遇见； 发现 2．result in 导致，结果是…… 3．be in control (of sth.) 掌管，控制(某物) 4．look up to 敬佩 5．be curious about 对……感到好奇 6．set sail 启航 7．be known as 作为……而出名 8．as well as 也，以及 9．in connection with 关于，与……有关 10．pay off 成功；带来好结果 11．get in touch with 与……取得联系 12．come into use 使用 13．of all time 有史以来；一直 14．go down in history 载入史册 15．dream of/about 梦想，想象 1.The athlete's years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. 2．More and more noise pollution has resulted in many species dying out. 3．People who benefit from donations include cancer patients as well as babies. 4．How long is it since the electric computer came into use? 5．I really look up to her because she is so talented. 6．The boy was curious about everything he saw. 7．On my way home, I came across a beggar, who was lying on the ground, cold and hungry. 8．Marc Jacobs is undoubtedly one of the most influenced designers of all time. 9．The police have arrested two suspects in connection with the bank robbery. 10．We ought to set sail soon when the weather is still favorable. (三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 1.By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. 到了 20 世纪 20 年代，他已经成为一名 探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。 “by＋时间”作状语。 (2017·浙江高考满分作文)到现在 为止，我已邀请了包括你在内的五 位外国朋友参加郊游。 By now, five of my foreign friends, including you, have been invited to the outing. 2.If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death. 如果这些病毒被人体吸入，它们就可能 导致疾病甚至死亡。 “连词＋过去分词”是状 语从句的省略。 (2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)如果对 它感兴趣，你可以将你的申请发至 邮箱：ping­pong@123.com。 If interested in it, you may email your application to ping­pong@123.com. 3.Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. 虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高 分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终 为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。 强调句型(It is/was＋被 强调部分＋that/who＋ 句子其他部分)。 (2018·浙江高考满分作文)我会是 这个职位的合适的人选。 It is I who will be the right person for the position. 二、课堂重点深化 1．curious adj.好奇的，求知欲强的；奇特的 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①In high school, I was curious about the computer, and built my first website. ②To satisfy children's curiosity (curious), we'd better answer their questions patiently. ③Suddenly the girl calmed down and began looking all around with curiosity. ④Out of curiosity, the girl can't wait to open the box. 　[系统归纳] (1)be curious about　　　　　　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇 (3)curiously adv. 好奇地 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑤Curious enough, the same thing happened again a year later.Curious→Curiously 佳句时时写 ⑥(2018·天津高考书面表达)另外，这场竞赛将充当一个平台，以开发你的好奇心和释 放你的创造力。 What's more, the competition will serve as a platform to explore your curiosity and release your creative power. 2．fortune n．[C]大笔的钱，财富；[U]运气 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①At the age of four, she fell into an icy river and was fortunately (fortune) rescued by some local villagers. ②My cousin was fortunate to find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university. ③We've all heard stories of school drop­outs who have made their/a fortune. ④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone's misfortune (fortune)． 完成句子 ⑤He made a fortune by selling houses. 他靠卖房子发了财。 ⑥Fortunately for me, my friend found that something was seriously wrong. 对我来说幸运的是，我的朋友发现了非常严重的错误。 　[系统归纳] (1)make a/one's fortune　　　　　 发财 try one's fortune 碰运气 (2)fortunate＝lucky adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 (3)fortunately＝luckily adv. 幸运地 unfortunately＝unluckily adv. 不幸地 (4)misfortune n. 不幸 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑦Many young people leave their hometown to try their fortunes in big cities.fortunes→fortune 佳句时时写 ⑧(2017·天津高考书面表达)我有幸被选为第十三届全运会的志愿者。 It's fortunate for me to be chosen as a volunteer for the 13th National Games. [名师指津]　fortune 作名词且意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；作“大笔的钱”时， 是可数名词。 3．preserve vt.保存，保护，保持 n.保护区 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①Our suggestions are that these traditional customs (should) be preserved (preserve) and handed down one generation after another. ②As we all know, the police are responsible for the preservation (preserve) of law and order. ③They were determined to preserve their students from harm. 完成句子 ④The old building is in good preservation. 这栋旧建筑保存得很好。 　[系统归纳] (1)preserve ... from ...　　　　 保护……免于…… be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存 (2)preservation n. 维护；保护；保养 in good preservation 处于良好的保存状态 　[重点强化] 僻义牢牢记 ⑤In this nature preserve, all the rare plants are well preserved.自然保护区 佳句时时写 ⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们学校的体育场是五年前建成的，现在保存得很好。 Our school stadium was established five years ago, which is well preserved now. 4．content n．内容；[复数]容纳的东西；目录；[单数]含量 adj.满足的，满意的 vt.使 满足 　[自主体验] 写出下列句中 content 的含义 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.含量 ②It is reported that more than half of those surveyed on the website say they are content with their current life. 满意的 ③There is a table of contents in front of a dictionary.目录 ④Will it content you if I let you have candies tomorrow？使满足 ⑤The contents of the letter are still secret until today. 内容 完成句子 ⑥Those who are content with/content themselves with their present situations will surely make no difference in life. 那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。 ⑦My parents are content to live in the country, where the air is fresh and clean. 我的父母乐于住在空气清新的乡下。 　[系统归纳] (1)be/feel content with ...　　　　 对……满足/满意 be content to do sth. 乐于做某事 (2)content oneself with ... 满足于…… 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑧I wanted to take two weeks' holiday, but had to content myself to one because the office was so busy.第三个 to→with 佳句时时写 ⑨(2018·江苏高考书面表达)至少，排名可以帮助缩小备选品的范围，我们乐于根据排 名选择产品。 At least the ratings can help to narrow down the alternatives and we're content to choose a product according to the ratings. ⑩(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)所有将要展出的作品都是原创的，内容丰富，形式多样。 All the works that will be exhibited are original, rich in content and diverse in form. 5．disturb vt.打扰，扰乱；使(某人)烦恼或不安 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①Whenever a young child is frightened or disturbed (disturb), it typically rushes to his/her mother first. ②He had a novel and disturbing (disturb) experience last year. 完成句子 ③I was rather disturbed by the way she educated her children. 我对她教育孩子的方式感到十分不安。 ④It disturbed her to realize that she was alone. 她意识到自己孤单一人，心里很不安。 [系统归纳] (1)It disturbs sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人不安 be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰 (2)disturbed adj. 感到不安的；心烦意乱的 disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的 　[重点强化] 僻义牢牢记 ⑤Don't disturb the papers on my desk.弄乱 佳句时时写 ⑥(2016·江苏高考书面表达)另一方面，网络投票也让很多人感到心烦，特别是当他们 不得不参与其中时。 On the other hand, on­line voting makes many people disturbed especially when they have to take part in it. 6．inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①The teacher inspires his students to give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own. ②Music can make you laugh, cry or shout.It's also a great source of inspiration (inspire)． 句型转换 ③His encouraging remarks inspired confidence in me. →His encouraging remarks inspired me with confidence. 　[系统归纳] (1)inspire sb. with sth. ＝ inspire sth. in sb. 　　　　　　　　 用某事激励某人 inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 (2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的 (3)inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物)；灵感 　 [重点强化] 易错处处防 ④The lecture was so inspired that they were all excited.inspired→inspiring 佳句时时写 ⑤(2016·北京高考书面表达)事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语，以便为中国与外界 的交流作出贡献。 In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college, to make contributions to the communications between China and the outside world. 7．discourage vt.使灰心；劝阻，阻止；使泄气 　[自主体验] 用 discourage 的适当形式填空 ①He thought it very discouraging that his wife showed so little interest in things which concerned him and valued so little his conversation. ②He refused to give up in spite of many discouragements in his career. 完成句子 ③In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. 为了劝阻人们使用塑料，科学家们一直在努力发明可替代的包装产品。 　[系统归纳] (1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心 (2)discouraging adj.　　　 令人泄气或沮丧的 discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气或沮丧的 (3)discouragement n． 劝阻；泄气；使人泄气的事；挫折，气馁 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ④He suddenly felt he had a desire to discourage her for going abroad.for→from 佳句时时写 ⑤(2018·天津高考书面表达)苦于实力不足，我们的团队正在寻找一些有能力的成员加 入我们。 Discouraged by the lack of strength, our team is seeking for some competent members to join us. 8．desire n．渴望，欲望，愿望 vt.渴望，期望；想要 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①He had a strong desire to carry out the discussion put forward in yesterday's meeting. ②Artificial intelligence may satisfy human's real desires (desire) one day. 完成句子 ③The young girl desires her parents to come and see her from time to time. 这个小女孩想要她的父母不时地来看她。 ④My parents desired that I (should) go abroad for further education. 我父母期望我能到国外深造。 　[系统归纳] (1)have a strong desireError! (2)desire to do sth.　　　　　　　　　渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire that ... (should) do sth. 渴望…… 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑤His desire was that he would visit the Great Wall of China someday.would→should 或去 掉 would 佳句时时写 ⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我真心希望你有一天能来我们学校，亲自体验一下这儿的 体育活动。 I truly desire you to come to our school one day and experience the physical exercise here for yourself. [名师指津]　desire 不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should ＋)动词原形”。此外，含 desire 的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。 9．apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用；涂抹，敷 　[自主体验] 写出下列句中 apply 的含义 ①He is now applying the same techniques to white blood cells.应用，使用 ②Interested in this international network, I am writing to apply for its membership. 申请 ③The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.涂抹，敷 单句语法填空 ④But the findings don't apply to energy burnt up by exercise. ⑤You will pass your exams if you really apply yourself to studying (study)． ⑥You should attach a recent photograph to your application(apply) form. ⑦Successful applicants (apply) often have experience in customer service, inside sales, outside sales, or other customer facing positions. 　[系统归纳] (1)apply ... to ...　　　　　　 把……运用到……中； 把……涂到……上 apply to ... 适应……；适用于…… apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply oneself to 集中精力于 (2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑧Similar arrangements apply for students who are ordinarily resident in Scotland.for→to 佳句时时写 ⑨(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我是李华，我写信是想申请英语协会志愿者的职位。 I'm Li Hua, and I'm writing to apply for the position as a volunteer of the English Association. 1．come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 　[系统归纳] come about　　　　　　　 发生 come on 来吧；赶快；进行 come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是 come to 苏醒；总计；达到 come to oneself 苏醒，恢复知觉 come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提出 come up with 想出；提出 when it comes to ... 当谈到……时 　[重点强化] 用法条条清(介、副词填空) ①In order to prevent this case coming about again, we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water. ②The plan of protecting the environment came up at the meeting last year. ③When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years. ④Several new books will have come out by the end of next month. ⑤In a few minutes, Tom came to himself, with his eyes open. ⑥Having discussed the problem all afternoon, they finally came up with a solution to it. 佳句时时写 ⑦(2018·浙江高考书面表达)其次，当谈到接待外国学生时，我的经验很丰富。 Besides, when it comes to receiving foreign students, I have gained rich experience. [名师指津]　表示“(偶然)遇见”的短语还有：run across；run into; meet with; meet ...by chance/accident 等。 2．result in 导致，结果是…… 　[自主体验] 完成句子 ①Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. 专家说，这是一种无价的社会实践，能带来很大的好处。 ②Diamonds are made as a result of great volcanic heat and pressure. 金刚石是由于巨大的火山热力和压力而产生的。 ③(2017· 全 国 卷 Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。 　[系统归纳] result from　　　　　 由……造成；因……而产生 as a result 结果 as a result of ... 作为……的结果 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ④Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her be named America's Top Young Scientist for 2017.be→being 佳句时时写 ⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)至于我，我对跳绳(rope skipping)很着迷，这会使我的身体 变得灵活。 As for me, I'm fascinated by rope skipping, which can result in the flexibility of my body. [名师指津]　表示“导致”的短语还有：lead to; contribute to; bring about; account for 等。 3．pay off 成功；带来好结果；得到回报；还清 　[系统归纳] pay back　　　　　　 偿还(欠款)；报复；回报 pay for ... 付钱买……，为……付出代价 pay a visit to 参观；拜访 pay attention to 注意；留心 　[重点强化] 用法条条清(选用上述短语填空) ①He also studied people, paying attention to what they did and why they did it. ②I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off. ③You may rely on it that he will pay back all the debts. ④On weekends we often pay a visit to the nursing homes and do them a favour for washing or cleaning. ⑤She did part­time jobs to get more money to help pay for school. 佳句时时写 ⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管唐诗很难学，但你的努力总有一天会得到回报。 Though Tang poems are very difficult to learn, your efforts will pay off one day. 4．“by＋时间”作状语 　[教材原句]　By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. 　[自主体验] ①By now, five villagers have been attacked by the hairy creature. 到现在为止，已经有 5 个村民被那个多毛生物袭击了。 ②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient had died. 当医生到达现场时，病人已经死了。 ③By the time Jane gets home, her aunt will have left for London to attend a meeting. 到简到家时，她姨妈将已离开去伦敦参加一个会议。 　[归纳点拨] 用法规则 “by＋时间”作状语，句子时态如下： (1)“by＋现在时间”，主句用现在完成时。 (2)“by＋过去时间”，主句用过去完成时。 (3)“by＋将来时间”，主句用将来完成时。 注意事项 “by＋时间”与表示状态的动词连用多用于一般式。 By the end of the century the population numbered about four million. 到本世纪末时，人口已达到四百万左右。 　[佳句背诵] ①(增分要点句)(2018·天津高考满分作文)A detailed training schedule will have been worked out by 5：00 p．m.tomorrow. ②(增分要点句)(2017·浙江高考满分作文)By last week twenty students from abroad had accepted our invitation. 5．强调句型 　[教材原句]　Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. 　[自主体验] ①But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life. 但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。 ②Was it five years ago that we got together last time? 我们上次相聚是在五年前吗？ ③The patient looks much better. What is it that has made him what he is today? 那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢？ ④It wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. 直到我完成了电影学习，我才开始追逐我的演艺事业。 　[归纳点拨] (1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。多用于强 调句子主语、宾语和状语 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词被强调部分＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部 分？,4not ... until ...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ...。 　[佳句背诵] ①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)It is ping­pong, football as well as running competitions that enjoy great popularity of all sports events. ②(增分要点句)(2016·北京高考满分作文)It was Wei Yuan, in his book, Haiguo Tuzhi, who first introduced modern technologies and ideas to China. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．What, why, when, who, where, and how are the questions curious (好奇的) people always ask. 2．Please give it a careful checkup and make sure the package is well preserved (保存) and the machine operates well. 3．His parents tried to discourage (使灰心) his interest in music, but he persisted. 4．Many people desire (期望) better working conditions and more education for their children. 5．The cost of various (各种各样的) repairs comes up to just a hundred pounds in total. 6．New technology is being applied (应用) to almost every industrial process. 7．The dog had such devotion (忠诚) to its master that it would not leave him, even when he was dead. 8．I'm sorry to disturb (打扰) you so late, but my car's broken down and I am wondering if I can use your phone. 9．Don't chew the tablets before swallowing (吞咽), or you may throw them up. 10．To find out about entry requirements (要求) for students, write to the college admissions board. 11．Meanwhile, not only do I have the ability to organize activi­ties, but also I am outgoing (爱交际的) and energetic which benefit me in communicating with strangers. 12．I am very sorry indeed (确实) for my foolish behaviour on that occasion. 13．Foreign bankers are cautiously optimistic (乐观的) about the country's economic future. 14．If you tear off the rhetorical top­dressing (华丽辞藻) from his article, you will find there is very little solid content (内容)． 15．Please send us all the information that you have about the candidates (候选人) for the position. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The people gathered round, curious to know (know) what was happening. 2．Don't be discouraged (discourage)．Take things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. 3．The public desired that the result (should) be made (make) public. 4．Before, he was an extremely devoted (devote) physician，who treated his work seriously and cared for patients very much. 5．She explained for a long time, but her meaning didn't really come across. 6．White Brown contented himself with a single glass of wine every dinner. 7 ． Self­driving travel may also result in some problems, such as the traffic jams on the highway. 8．His loving and selfless nature inspired me to become (become) more sympathetic and considerate putting others first. 9．These paintings were in an excellent state of preservation (preserve), which are of great value to our study. Ⅲ.单句改错 1 ． Inspiring by the speech, the little girl made up her mind to work even harder.Inspiring→Inspired 2．A spokesman said that the flood resulted great damage to south areas.resulted 后加 in 3．If the constitution said that all people were free and equal, then she thought it should apply for her.for→to 4．It was at the school gate where I met an old friend of mine.where→that 或去掉 at 5．He expressed a desire that the papers would be made public.would→should 6．By the end of next month, they have finished their studies in America.they 后加 will 7 ． Don't be too hard on yourself.Being content for what you have is the key to happiness.for→with 8．Don't be so discouraging. If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time. discouraging→discouraged 9 ． A lot of people wake up every day with a sense of being unsettled and disturbing.disturbing→disturbed 10．Short after that race I got it in my head that I could run a marathon.Short→Shortly 11 ． The organization was set up to preserve endangered species to extinction. 第 二 个 to→from Ⅳ.完成句子 1．As a matter of fact, it was his laziness as well as carelessness that resulted in his failure. 事实上，是他的懒惰以及粗心导致了他的失败。 2．By the time you come back, I will have finished writing my novel. 到你回来时，我将已经写完我的小说了。 3．These flowers will die unless watered every day. 这些花如果不能每天浇水就会死去。 4．Beijing is not only the capital of China but also a modern city. 北京不仅是中国的首都， 而且是一个现代化的城市。 5．He is a great teacher, and all his students look up to him. 他是一位了不起的老师，他的所有学生都敬佩他。 6．When it comes to students' surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it. 当谈及学生上网时，有些人认为学生可以从中受益。 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“杰出人物”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 子话题——杰出人物 (一)浅易词汇温一温 ①research　 ②create　　　③influence　　　④talent ⑤recognize ⑥inventor ⑦skill ⑧grasp ⑨discover ⑩achieve ⑪support ⑫encourage ⑬success ⑭determin ⑲kind ⑳modest ○21 sensitive ○22 professional (二)生疏词汇记一记 ①breakthrough n．突破　　　　　　②issue n．问题 ③craftsman n．艺人 ④magic n．魔法，魅力 ⑤fame n．名声；名望 ⑥masterpiece n．杰作 ⑦brilliant adj.才华横溢的 ⑧genius n．天才 ⑨considerate adj.考虑周到的 ⑩virtue n．美德，品行 ⑪confident adj.自信的；确信的 ⑫diligent adj.勤奋的 ⑬generous adj.慷慨大方的 ⑭dignity n．尊贵；高尚 ⑮creative adj. 有创造力的，创新的 ⑯plain adj. 朴素的；简单的 ⑰intelligence n. 智力，才智，智慧 ⑱undertake vt. 承担；从事；负责 ⑲reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的 ⑳strong­willed adj. 意志坚强的 (三)常用词块忆一忆 ①serve as　　　　　　　　　 　 充当，担任；起……的作用 ②heart and soul 全心全意地 ③be devoted to 致力于，专注于 ④make great contributions to 对……做出突出贡献 ⑤be responsible for 对……负责 ⑥in the field of 在……领域 ⑦get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难 ⑧play a leading role in 起着重要的作用 ⑨achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 ⑩make rapid progress in 在……方面在取得很大的进步 ⑪be highly thought of 被高度评价 ⑫face the challenge 面对挑战 (四)写作佳句背一背 ①(2016· 北 京 高 考 书 面 表 达 )Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history. ②Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages. ③Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields. 二、话题书面表达亮一点 [题目要求] (2015·北京高考)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍 在“传统文化进校园”活动中，向面人艺术家学习捏面人的过程，并以“A Day with a Craftsman” 为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：一个面团 a piece of dough 面人 dough figurine 　　　 [写作 4 步走] 第一步：句写对——给词写句 用方框内的词汇翻译句子 invite, craftsman, make, enter, welcome, offer, hardly ...when, show, basic, step, skill, be good with, turn ...into, vivid, image, gradually, have a try, patient, grasp, take pictures, hope, activity, in the future　　 1．我们邀请了一位老艺术家来教我们如何制作面人。 We invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. 2．当这位老艺术家走进教室时，我们都热烈地欢迎他。 When the craftsman entered the classroom, we all gave him a warm welcome. 3．两个男孩主动帮他拿工具箱。 Two boys offered to help him with the tool box. 4．他刚坐在桌子旁，就开始向我们展示捏面人的基本步骤和技巧。 He had hardly sat down at a table when he began to show us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. 5．他手艺娴熟，渐渐地把一个面团变成了一个生动的形象。 He was good with his hands and he turned a piece of dough into a vivid image gradually. 6．我们开始自己试一试。 We started to have a try ourselves. 7．他很有耐心，使得我们很快掌握了主要的技能。 He was so patient that we grasped the main skill soon. 8．我们把面人放在桌子上，和老艺术家合影。 We put the figurines on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. 9．我们希望今后能有更多这样的活动！ We hope we can have more activities of this kind in the future! 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 10．在句 1 中加入修饰语“上周二，在课外活动时”，让时间更具体化。 Last Tuesday, during the after­school activity, we invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. 11．在句 2 中“欢迎”之前加上动作“鼓掌”，让欢迎场景活起来。在“我们”之后加上同位 语“学生”。 When the craftsman entered the classroom, we students all applauded to give him a warm welcome. 12．在句 4 之后加上扩展内容“我们站在他周围，全神贯注地看着他。” We stood around him and watched attentively. 13．在句 8 中“面人”前加入定语“我们做的”。 We put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. 14．在句 8 之后加上扩展内容“看着这些面人，我们都很兴奋”。 Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited. 第三步：语写美——词句升格 15．用部分倒装结构升级句 4。 Hardly had he sat down at a table when he began to show us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. 16．用 so ...that ...升级句 5。 He was so good with his hands that he turned a piece of dough into a vivid image gradually. 17．用部分倒装结构升级句 7。 So patient was he that we grasped the main skill soon. 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 用first， then， finally等词汇连句成文 Last Tuesday, during the after­school activity, we invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines. When the craftsman entered the classroom, we students all applauded to give him a warm welcome.Two boys offered to help him with the tool box.Hardly had he sat down at a table when he began to show us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.First, we stood around him and watched attentively.He was so good with his hands that he turned a piece of dough into a vivid image gradually.Then we started to have a try ourselves.So patient was he that we grasped the main skill soon.Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.Looking at the figurines, we were all very excited. We hope we can have more activities of this kind in the future! Ⅰ.根据提示填空 Wu Zetian, the only woman emperor to rule ancient China, ❶is_considered (consider) as one of the most powerful women in Chinese history. She was born into a wealthy family with great beauty and ❷ intelligence ( 智 慧 ) ． This beautiful girl, ❸ unlike (like) others in ancient China, was fond of reading and often travelled around the country with her father when she was young, which ❹increased (增加) her knowledge and developed her talents.When she was about fourteen, she was sent to the palace and married to the Emperor.After many difficulties and ❺hardships (困苦), she ❻successfully (successful) made herself queen.A few years after Emperor Gaozong died, Wu Zetian changed the name of the Dynasty Tang to Zhou, and became Empress.It seemed like a hard task for women to be ❼rulers (rule) in ancient times, but Wu Zetian ❽succeeded (成功)．When she ruled the country, she ❾ supported (支持) economic and cultural development and improved people's living quality.She also ○10 encouraged (鼓励) girls to go to school to study.Before then, girls were not allowed to go to school. Wu Zetian died at the age of 82, leaving a gravestone ( 墓 碑 ) without any words on it.Although the Zhou Dynasty only lasted for one generation, it ○11 marked (标志着) an important period in Chinese history. Ⅱ.片段选词填空 be highly thought of， devote oneself to， heart and soul， make great contributions， make up one's mind， get married， be attracted by， born into， education， learn from， join in， be intended to ❶Born_into a rich family in Shanghai, Song Qingling not only got a good ❷education but also went to study in the USA.When they moved back to China, Song Qingling was just a young lady, but she and her sisters all ❸joined_in saving the Old China.She could have lived happily with her family, but all changed when she met a key figure, the founding father of China — Sun Yixian, who had already begun his plan of saving China.As time passed, Song found that she ❹ was_attracted_by Sun for his spirit, so she wanted to marry herself to him.But her father wouldn't allow her to, even got angry with Sun, after all, he was too old to marry her.Once she ❺ made_up_her_mind,_nothing could change her mind.She went away with Sun and ❻ got_married.She was determined to serve the people ❼heart_and_soul with her husband. She saved the old society with others.Being kind­hearted and easy­going for her whole life, she ❽devoted_herself_to the women and children in later years.She started the China Welfare Institute, which ❾is_intended_to serve woman and children now. Having ○10 made_great_contributions to the welfare of women and children in China, she ○11 is_highly_thought_of by the world.In a word, she is such a great woman that I think we all should ○12 learn_from her now. 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 1．(2018·天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore (explore) the outer space. 2．(2017·北京高考)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations (inspire) for great inventions. 3．(2016·浙江高考)Scientists (science) have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 4．(2016·浙江高考)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS­related deaths (die) would not have fallen since their highest in 2005. 5．(2015·浙江高考)Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 6 ． (2015· 福 建 高 考 )The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged (discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. 7．(2015·安徽高考)If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety (various)． 8．(2014·福建高考)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect)． 9．(2014·安徽高考)My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future and about what I can do here. Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 选用方框内的词汇填空 fortune, curious, apply, shortly, fortunately, content, desire, coincidence　　 1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives. 2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) 55 ， after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I still can't believe what a 59 it was. I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son. 4．(2016·浙江高考)However, he would have to buy chicken feed with the money he made from the eggs.Whatever money was left over would be his to keep.Gene was thrilled, thinking he would make his first 42 . 5．(2014·四川高考)This grouse came into our lives in spring. Tom was working out in the field when he noticed her walking around at the edge of the field. She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be 16 about what he was doing. 6．(2012·江西高考)But he seemed 47 with life. There he was, working hard at his small business, waving at passers­by and stopping to chat now and then with elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby. 7．(2010·湖南高考)Finally, we came to a crossroad near a highway.Lady Luck suggested I should turn left.We did and 46 reached a cottage beside a field. 8．(2009·辽宁高考)Suddenly, a car key dropped from an envelope taped behind the book.It had a tag (标签) with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had 53 . 答案：1.apply　2.Fortunately　3.coincidence　4.fortune 5．curious　6.content　7.shortly　 8.desired 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：杰出人物对社会发展起着重大推动作用，他/她们比普通人站 得高，看得远，他/她们身上凝聚着许多值得我们去学习的优秀品质、非凡智慧。“杰出人物” 这一话题对应高考试题的各个题型，如阅读理解中的人物传记、写作中的申请信及人物介绍 等。平时应注意多阅读相关题材的材料，多储备相关的信息资料，这才是高考制胜的捷径之 一。 [话题感悟] 学习目标1 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 (加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法) How a young designer brought back a fashion house? Sharon Tal, a graduate of Engineering and Design in Israel, began her career in Paris and moved her way up to head designer in London.But the 33­year­old designer felt a strong desire to return to her native Israel. Back at home, she began to think about the famous fashion house Maskit, founded in 1953 by Ruth Dayan, a legend in Israel's design world.The brand had everything Tal stood for as a designer.But there was one problem: Maskit had been closed for more than 20 years. Maskit was founded by Dayan when she visited artists and craftsmen skilled in various decorative arts.They were living in small Israeli towns and she wanted to help them earn a living wage. From 1960 to 1980 the Maskit Fashion House created more than 2,000 jobs for such craftsmen and ran 10 stores in Israel and one in New York, making a big fortune.But, unfortunately, by 1994 the industry had changed, and the company shut down.Dayan moved on to focus her time on social causes. Tal contacted Dayan, and the two arranged a meeting.The rest, as they say, is history.The meeting led to a cooperation to bring back the Maskit brand to life two decades after it closed.Tal said she wanted not only to create something that would be hers, but also to make a bigger impact. “Our vision is to become a leading international fashion house inspired from Israel，” Tal said. Reviving such a fashion brand would take time and careful preparations.Nothing could discourage them.Tal and Dayan spent a year getting in touch with former employees and collecting Maskit items. Fortunately, their hard work has paid off.Tal won the Most Promising Designer award from the Israel Fashion Industry Awards. Talking of Ruth, Tal says, “Ruth is an amazing and inspiring person.She has been guiding me through the whole way and she's been an active partner through the inspirational process.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位名叫莎朗·塔尔的以色列设计师，她让已经 关闭 20 多年的一家时装设计院起死回生，并取得了巨大的成功。 1．Why did Tal want to rebuild Maskit? A．She was inspired by Ruth Dayan. B．She was in favor of what Maskit showed. C．She wanted to create more job opportunities. D．She planned to help the poor artists and craftsmen. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。由第二段的第二句“The brand had everything Tal stood for as a designer.”可知，该品牌具备莎朗·塔尔作为设计师所赞同的一切，故选 B。 2．When did Sharon and Dayan have a meeting for their cooperation? A．In 1954.　　　　　　 B．In 1994. C．In 2004. D．In 2014. 解析：选 D　数字计算题。由第四段的第二句“But, unfortunately, by 1994 the industry had changed, and the company shut down.”可知，该设计院于 1994 年关闭；再由第五段的“ ...bring back the Maskit brand to life two decades after it closed.”可知，他们的会面合作是在关闭 20 年 后进行的，由此计算出具体时间为 2014 年，故选 D。 3．Which of the following can best describe Sharon Tal? A．Confident and generous. B．Kind­hearted and smart. C．Ambitious and hard­working. D．Creative and considerate. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。由第五段中莎朗·塔尔想创造自己的品牌及她的愿景是把她 的设计院打造成国际领先地位的可知，她是充满雄心壮志的(ambitious)；再由倒数第二、三 段看出莎朗·塔尔工作是卖力的(hard­working)，故选 C。 4．Which is the right order of what Tal did? ①She returned to Israel. ②She got in touch with former employees of Maskit. ③She worked as a head designer. ④She won the Most Promising Designer award. ⑤She had a face­to­face talk with Dayan. A．③④②①⑤ B．③②①④⑤ C．①⑤③②④ D．③①⑤②④ 解析：选 D　细节理解题。浏览全文便可发现本文的主人公莎朗·塔尔所做事情的先后 顺序： 回国前在伦敦做高级设计师→回国→与 Maskit Fashion House 的创建人 Dayan 会面→ 接下来的一年里接触先前的员工→努力得到了回报——莎朗·塔尔获得最有前途的设计师奖， 故选 D。 学习目标2 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 细节理解技法(3)——细推数字计算题 数字计算题在文章中可以直接找到相关细节，但需经过仔细推算才能得出答案。题目所 涉及的信息通常是时间的长短、年龄的大小、数量或价格的多少等等。有些数字信息在原文 中的位置相对集中，而很多时候其位置是比较分散的。因此，解题时，应认真阅读并仔细分 析题干内容，弄清所询问数据的角度，分析原文的数字信息，看与哪些数据有因果关系，是 否需要对这些数据进行运算以及是否需要进行单位换算等。另外，文章中出现的许多数字信 息，经常通过一些单词表现出来，如 decade, century, double, score 等，掌握这些单词的意思 对解题也会起到一定的作用。 例如上文第 2 小题，由第四段的第二句“But, unfortunately, by 1994 the industry had changed, and the company shut down.”可知，该设计院于 1994 年关闭；再由第五段的“...bring back the Maskit brand to life two decades after it closed.”可知，他们的会面合作是在关闭 20 年 后进行的，由此计算出具体时间为 2014 年，故选 D。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·青岛模拟)William Butler Yeats is Ireland's greatest poet and considered by many the finest poet of the twentieth century. Yeats was born in Dublin in 1865, into a family where his childhood lacked the harmony that was typical of a happy family.His father John Butler Yeats was a distinguished painter, his sisters Susan and Elizabeth were creative craftswomen ( 女手艺人) and printers, and his brother Jack Yeats became Ireland's most celebrated painter. His mother was from a well established merchant family. The year 1889 was a significant one in his life, as the publication of The Wanderings of Oisin in London marked his debut (初次亮相) as a major poet.It was also when he first met the beautiful Maud Gonne who became his muse, although his love was famously unrequited (单相思的)． In 1917, Yeats met and married George Hyde­Lees.They went on to have two children, Anne and Michael. George shared his interest in the supernatural and automatic writing, and they were together until the poet's death in 1939, at Menton, France. Yeats is a maker of extraordinary love poems and an architect of modernism, and many of his most powerful lines have entered the language.Yeats is unusual among poets in that he produced some of his best works after the age of sixty. Yeats was the first Irishman to be awarded the Nobel Prize, in 1923.He saw the award as “part of Europe's welcome to the Free State”， and said he accepted on behalf of all who had worked with him in the Irish Literary Revival.Yeats is a cultural revolutionary who becomes a remarkable cultural entrepreneur. 语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章简单介绍了爱尔兰诗人威廉·巴特勒·叶芝的生平。 1．What can we learn about Yeats from Paragraph 2? A．He came from an artistic family. B．His mother ran a family business. C．His father was a major influence on him. D．He lived in perfect harmony with his family. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，叶芝的父亲以及兄弟姐妹都从事与 艺术相关的工作。由此可推知，他出生在一个艺术世家。故选 A。 2．Why is the year 1889 important to Yeats? A．He found his great talent for love poems. B．He finished The Wanderings of Oisin. C．He came across his lifelong partner. D．He first became known as a poet. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在叶芝的一生中，1889 年是重要 的一年，因为 The Wanderings of Oisin 在伦敦的出版标志着他作为重要诗人的初次亮相。也 就是说，在 1889 年，叶芝作为诗人被人们认识，所以这一年对他来说很重要。故选 D。 3．How is Yeats different from other poets? A．He led a rich and varied life. B．He won the Nobel Prize in his youth. C．He created some excellent works in later life. D．He expressed his individuality through his works. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，叶芝之所以与其他诗人不同 是因为他的一些最好的作品是在 60 岁以后创作的，即他在晚年创作了一些优秀的作品。故 选 C。 B I grew up poor.We had little money, but plenty of love and attention.I understood that no matter how poor a person was, they could still afford a dream.My dream was athletics. By the time I was sixteen, I was good at baseball and football.My high­school coach was Ollie Jarvis.He not only believed in me, but taught me the difference between having a dream and showing conviction (信念)． One summer a friend recommended me for a summer job.This meant a chance for money in my pocket­cash for dates with girls, certainly, money for a new bike and new clothes, and the start of savings for a house for my mother. Then I realized I would have to give up summer baseball to handle the work schedule, and that meant I would have to tell Coach Jarvis I wouldn't be playing.I was dreading (害怕) this, but my mother said, “If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.” When I told Coach Jarvis, he was as mad as I expected him to be. “Your playing days are limited.You can't afford to waste them，” he said. I stood before him with my head hanging, trying to think of the words that would explain to him why I dreamed of buying my mom a house. “How much are you going to make at this job, son？” he demanded. “Three twenty­five an hour，” I replied. “Well，” he asked, “is D|S3.25 an hour the price of a dream？” That question laid bare for me the difference between wanting something right now and having a goal.I devoted myself to sports that summer, and within the year I was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates to play rookie­league ball, and offered a D|S20,000 contract.I signed with the Denver Broncos in 1984 for D|S1.7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream. 语篇解读：本文讲述了一位棒球运动员的故事，告诉我们追求梦想和面对现实之间的区 别。 4．The writer was grateful to Coach Jarvis，because Jarvis . A．made him set a goal B．supplied him with new clothes C．gave him financial support D．helped him show conviction 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He not only believed in me, but taught me the difference between having a dream and showing conviction.”可知，选 D 项。 5．When the boy was offered a job, he wanted to . A．balance summer baseball and the work schedule B．refuse the job offer for summer baseball C．give up summer baseball for the job D．ask his coach Jarvis for advice 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This meant a chance for money ...for a house for my mother”可知，选 C 项。 6．Which of the following can replace “If you make your bed，you have to lie in it.”？ A．You must eat the bitter fruit of your own making. B．Believe in yourself, but above all be patient. C．You must rely on yourself first, then others. D．A good beginning makes a good ending. 解析：选 A　句意理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，我必须承受自己造成的结果，故选 A 项。 7．The end of the story was that the writer . A．failed to buy his mother a house B．succeeded as a sportsman C．became a successful businessman D．made some money in the summer job 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者在 1984 年与丹佛野马队 以一百七十万美元签约，也给妈妈买了梦想中的房子，故选 B 项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Yan Wei, a 30­year­old blind man, has just covered a marathon on Sunday.This time he 1 his personal record with a new time of 3 hours 15 minutes and 58 seconds.He had two 2 to help him and was 3 them with a safety rope. Yan, who lost his 4 when he was a few months old, started running three years ago, after learning that volunteers were available to 5 blind runners at the 2015 Beijing Marathon. When he started training with the help of his 6 and parents, he could run only for 2 or 3km at a time.But soon he 7 so much that his sister had to ride a bike to stay 8 him and guide him.It took him just four months to be 9 for his first marathon. Yan 10 his quick progress to daily exercise. “I'd like to 11 200km per month.I feel 12 if I do not run for two days in a row，” says Yan. But training is becoming 13 for Yan now, because there are few guides who can run faster than him.His guides need to be in better 14 condition than him. “He's never missed a single training in the past three years.I am 15 not only by his strength but also his 16 to train，” says Shu Hao, an 17 runner who has taken part in a lot of marathons and one of Yan's running guides. Instead of dying to prove himself 18 he ran, Yan has taken delight in running and now moved to 19 the process.He has completed fourteen 20 in the last two years and just wants to keep going. 语篇解读：本文讲述了一位盲人运动员坚持跑马拉松的经历。 1．A.beat　　　　　　　　　 B．copied C．researched D．preserved 解析：选 A　由后面的“record”，可知，此处是“打破纪录”的意思，所以选 A 项，意为“打 破”。 2．A.dogs B．coaches C．guides D．judges 解析：选 C　他是位盲人一定要有人来引导他，结合下文多次出现“guides”可知，选 C 项。 3．A.lifted by B．tied to C．separated from D．fixed on 解析：选 B　由后面的“with a safety rope”可知，此处意为“绑在身上”，故选 B 项。 4．A.parents B．strength C．voice D．sight 解析：选 D　主人公是盲人，所以他是失去了“视力”。lose one's sight“失明”。 5．A.assist B．comfort C．represent D．consult 解析：选 A　上文提到了“help”一词，此处选择同义词 assist。 6．A.teachers B．classmates C．brother D．sister 解析：选 D　下文“his sister had to ride a bike”处有提示。 7．A.donated B．occupied C．improved D．witnessed 解析：选 C　前面提到他每次跑 2～3 千米，后面提到他的姐姐必须骑自行车才能保持 在他的前面，所以应该是他跑的速度提高了，故选 C 项。 8．A.away from B．ahead of C．behind D．for 解析：选 B　姐姐骑自行车领跑，应该在他的“前边”，所以此处选择 ahead of。 9．A.ready B．late C．grateful D．harmful 解析：选 A　根据本句意思判断，主人公已经“准备好了”。be ready for ...“准备 好……”。 10．A.adjusts B．owes C．devotes D．applies 解析：选 B　owe ...to ...“把……归功于……”。他进步得那么快是因为每天的训练。 11．A.run B．drive C．swim D．fly 解析：选 A　他是马拉松运动员，此处应为“跑 200 千米”，所以选 A 项。 12．A.unlucky B．embarrassed C．uncomfortable D．ignored 解析：选 C　他不跑步就会觉得“不舒服”，所以选择 uncomfortable。 13．A.stricter B．looser C．easier D．harder 解析：选 D　根据下文的“because there are few guides who can run faster than him”可知， 训练越来越艰难。 14．A.living B．physical C．mental D．educational 解析：选 B　想给他领跑，“身体状况”就要比他好，故选择 physical。 15．A.praised B．evaluated C．impressed D．inspected 解析：选 C　此处是领跑的人给他的评价：他在过去三年没有中断过一次训练，所以这 里是指他给领跑的人“留下的印象”。 16．A.instruction B．pressure C．absence D．determination 解析：选 D　三年没有缺席过一次训练，所以此处指“训练的决心”。 17．A.experienced B．honest C．overweight D．upset 解析：选 A　根据空后的“who has taken part in a lot of marathons and one of Yan's running guides”可知，他是一个“有经验的”运动员。 18．A.soon after B．every time C．as if D．even though 解析：选 B　此处意为“每次跑步的时候”，故选择“every time”。 19．A.delay B．register C．simplify D．enjoy 解析：选 D　根据上文的“他每次跑步不是为了证明自己”可知，他开始“享受”跑步的过 程，所以选 D 项。 20．A.projects B．operations C．marathons D．tasks 解析：选 C　本文讲的是他跑“马拉松”的故事。故选 C 项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2019· 石 家 庄 模 拟 )Watermelon is considered a vine­like flowering plant that is actually native to Southern Africa, 1 the wild varieties are in the greatest 2 (abundant), ranging from super sweet to bitter, and varying in size as well.They moved north to Egypt, and 3 (plant) in the Nile River Valley, and eventually moved east into China, roughly 1,000 years ago.Now, watermelon is grown around the world.It is 4 (specific) selected to grow larger and juicy, 5 (result) in the huge fruit that many of us are familiar with.The green outer skin is hard and fleshy, and rarely eaten, while the inner part is soft, red or pink flesh containing many seeds; this is the part of watermelon which is typically eaten. Watermelon is 6 (effect) in reducing both your body temperature and blood pressure.Many people in tropical 7 (region) eat this fruit every day in the afternoon during summer to protect themselves from heatstroke.In India, you will find 8 being sold in almost every street during the summer season.The high amount of water 9 (contain) in watermelon also causes a release of excess (多余的) liquid 10 the form of sweat, which cools your body further during hot summer days. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了西瓜的特点、种植历史及食用价值。 1．where　考查定语从句。事实上，西瓜原产于非洲南部，在那里，野生的西瓜种类非 常丰富。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，先 行词是 Southern Africa，故填 where。 2．abundance　考查名词。根据空前的“are in the greatest”可知，此处应填名词。 abundance“充裕，丰富”。 3．were planted　考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中的时间状语“roughly 1,000 years ago”可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；且 They 与 plant 之间是被动关系， 应用被动语态。故填 were planted。 4．specifically　考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。specifically“特定地，专门地”。 5．resulting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，result 与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关 系，故此处应用现在分词作结果状语。 6．effective　考查形容词。西瓜在降低体温和血压方面很有效。空处在句中作表语，故 填形容词 effective“产生预期结果的，有效的”。 7．regions　考查名词复数。热带地区的许多人在夏季的每天下午都吃西瓜。region“地 区，区域”是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故应用其复数形式。 8．it　考查代词。在印度，你会发现在夏季几乎每条街道上都有人在卖西瓜。空处指 代上文中的“this fruit”，故填 it。 9．contained　考查非谓语动词。西瓜中含有的大量水分也能促使你的身体以汗的形式 排出体内多余的液体。contain 与其逻辑主语 The high amount of water 之间是动宾关系，故 应用过去分词作后置定语。 10．in　考查介词。in the form of“以……的形式”，是固定用法。 Ⅳ.短文改错 (2020 届高三·名校原创预测卷九)The other day I as well as my parents were eating in a restaurant when we noticed a foreigner coming in. He seats himself at a table by the window. Soon a waitress came and wanted to take her order. However, the foreigner couldn't got his needs across. Seeing this, I went up immediate to offer some helps. We communicated with simple English for a while but I later knew why the waitress couldn't understand him. The foreigner actually wanted roast Beijing duck, but he had a wrong Chinese pronunciation. Hearing my explanation, the waitress couldn't help to laughing. The foreigner himself also laughed. 答案：第一句：were→was 第二句：seats→seated 第三句：her→his 第四句：got→get 第五句：immediate→immediately; helps→help 第六句：with→in; but→and 第七句：roast 前加 a 第八句：去掉 to