2018届一轮复习北师大版必修2Unit4Cyberspace学案(6) 11页

Unit 4, Module II Cyberspace Learning to learn ‎1. likely adj. & adv. (likelier, more likely ; likeliest, most likely ) 很可能的，有希望的 ；合适的；恰当的（probably, expected to happen ；seeming to be just right; suitable） ‎ It’s likely to rain. 有可能下雨。 ‎ It’s likely that I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow. ‎ 很可能明天我要去上海。 ‎ Tony is the most likely winner of the race. ‎ 这次赛跑托尼最有可能取胜。 ‎ ‎2. concept n. 概念；观念 ‎ a thought; an idea; a general notion ‎ A small baby has no concept of right and wrong. 小孩不懂什么是正确和错误。 ‎ the basic concepts of maths ‎3. chart n. 图；图表 make a chart of ‎ big drawing or map to give information ‎ vt.以图表表示 ‎ On the map we charted the course of the river.‎ 我们在地图上标出了该河的流向。‎ ‎4. focus ‎ ‎ v. (使）聚焦，（使）集中 ‎ He focused the camera on the trees and took a photo. ‎ 他对好焦距，照了一张相。‎ I’m so tired that I can’t focus on anything today.‎ Please focus your minds on what the teacher is saying. ‎ n. 焦点，中心 (focuses) the focus of…‎ She always wants to be the focus of attention.‎ 她老想成为人们注意的中心。‎ ‎5. skip（skipping skipped ） ‎ vi.跳；跳绳；略过 ‎ ‎(run, jumping lightly with each foot ; jump again and again over a rope that you are swinging )‎ The little girl skipped down the road. ‎ 小女孩蹦跳着沿路走去。 ‎ Let’s skip over this page and come to page 55. ‎ 咱们越过这一页，看第五十五页。 ‎ Children like skipping. 孩子们喜欢跳绳。‎ skip a lecture skip a class 缺课 ‎ ‎6. fist n. 拳头 ‎ A boxer hits with his fists. ‎ 拳击运动员用拳头打击对手。 ‎ ‎7. waist n. 腰，腰部 ( the middle of the body )‎ Her waist measures 20 inches around. 她的腰身为20英寸。 ‎ ‎8. nail n. 指甲；趾甲 ； 钉子 ‎ Our fingernails need cutting now and again. 我们的手指甲有时需要剪一剪。 ‎ bite one’s nails 咬指甲 ‎ cut the nails 剪指甲 ‎ dye the nails 染指甲 ‎ The nail went right through the wall. 钉子直接穿过墙壁。 ‎ v. 钉；钉住 ( fasten or fix something with a nail or nails )‎ David nailed the broken box together again. 大卫把那个破箱子又钉好了。 ‎ ‎9. gallery n. 美术陈列室，画廊，美术馆 (a large room or building for exhibitions of art)‎ There is a new exhibition at the gallery. 美术馆有个新的画展。‎ ‎10. start off It’s impossible to stop him once he starts off. ‎ ‎11. try out The drug has not been tried out on humans yet ‎12. think through (consider a problem fully) 彻底地全面考虑 ‎13. think about sth ‎14. think over ‎15. look over 检查,查看,调查 We must look over the house before we decide to rent it.‎ ‎16. work out work out a problem work out a puzzle Things work out quite well.‎ I work out regularly.‎ ‎17. learn sth. by heart ‎18. What further information can you add to improve it?‎ It’s not safe to go any further/farther.‎ Have you any further questions?‎ to go abroad to receive further education Warm up ‎ ‎1. cyberspace ‎ ‎ cybercrime ‎ cybercriminal ‎ cyberterrorist cyberculture ‎2. globe n. 球状物；地球 （anything round like a ball）‎ I’m interested in studying the globe in my spare time. ‎ global adj. 全世界的,全球的 ； 整体的,总体的,综合的 global inflation 全球性的通货膨胀 ‎ the dream of global peace 世界和平的梦想 ‎ global warming ‎3. artificial adj. ( more artificial ；most artificial ) 1.人工的，人造的 2.做作的，不自然的 ‎ artificial daylight 人造日光 artificial flowers 人造花 ‎ artificial rain 人造雨 artificial intelligence 人工智能 an artificial smile 不自然的微笑 ‎ ‎3. climate n.[C] 气候（ the regular weather conditions of a particular place ）weather ‎ a mild climate 温和的气候 ‎ a tropical climate 热带气候 ‎ a damp/wet climate 潮湿的气候 ‎ The climate of Africa doesn’t agree with him. ‎ ‎4. flood n. 洪水 ；大批，大量 （a large flow of water ； a lot of something ）‎ Many houses were destroyed by the flood. ‎ 许多房屋被洪水冲毁了。‎ The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.‎ They received a flood of complaints.‎ v. 淹没，泛滥 ；充满（ to fill or cover with water ）‎ The river has flooded a number of villages. ‎ 洪水淹没了一些村庄 Letters of congratulation flooded in. ‎ 大批祝贺信像潮水般地涌来。 ‎ The office was flooded with applications for the job.‎ 办公室堆满了申请表。‎ ‎5.virtual adj. (无比较级、最高级) 实质上的,事实上的,实际上的 ；虚像的 It was a virtual promise. 那是实质上的承诺。 ‎ He was the virtual leader of the movement.‎ 他是该运动实际上的领袖。 ‎ a virtual image 虚像 virtual reality ‎ ‎6. reality n. 真实 （what is true）‎ Scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.科学家们为了把它们变为现实正在努力工作着。 ‎ This is not imagination but reality. 这不是空想，而是现实。 ‎ in reality = in fact 实际上 ‎ The two football players seem like enemies on the field but in reality they are good friends. ‎ She gives the impression of being generous, but in reality she is a very selfish woman. ‎ 她给人以慷慨大方的印象，其实她是个非常自私的女人。 ‎ ‎7.virus n.[C] 病毒;(viruses)‎ the flu virus /AIDS virus ‎8.come true实现 (really happen)‎ Her dream came true她的梦想实现了。 ‎ The prediction seems to have come true.‎ ‎9. make up Girls make up 56% of the students numbers.‎ Four parts make up the country.‎ The country is made up of four parts.‎ make up an excuse/a story make up the bed She spends much time making (herself) up.‎ ‎10. make suggestions ‎11.make predictions about the future ‎12.science fiction books or films 科幻小说，影片 ‎13．A.I is a science fiction directed by Steven Spielberg. It is about a boy who doesn’t know that he is really a robot.‎ The story revolves around the idea that in the future, humans will create robots that are able to feel love. In the movie, a young robot-boy is given to a real human family. He loves them but they desert him, He then painfully discovers that he is a robot and sets off on a journey to find a way to become real.‎ ‎14.From the Earth to the Moon is a book about people traveling to the moon by Jules Verne(1828-1905). French writer and pioneer of science fiction, whose best known works today are Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873). He was a French writer and a pioneer of science fiction. He studied geology, engineering and astronomy which greatly influenced his writing. He wrote From the Earth to the Moon in 1866, almost a century before Neil Armstrong landed on the moon. In his novel, men plan to build a gun big enough to shoot a rocket into space.‎ ‎15. Picture B is from the movie The Terminator(1984). It is a picture of the actor Arnold Schwarzenegger ‎ who starred as an unstoppable machine sent from the future to change the past.‎ ‎16.Picture C is of the actor Kevin Costner. It is from the movie Waterworld(1995). The movie is set in the future when the polar ice-caps have melted. Costner plays a character searching for dry land---something no one has ever seen.‎ Lesson 1 ‎ ‎1.affect vt. 产生效果；影响; 使感动；被感动 ；‎ The change in climate may affect your health.‎ His speech affected the audience deeply. ‎ 他的讲话深深打动了听众。‎ effect n. have an effect on Alcohol has a bad effect on drivers.‎ ‎2. rapidly adv. 快地，迅速地（ quickly ）‎ He went by her rapidly.‎ rapid adj.‎ the rapid growth of the economy the recent growth in violent crime ‎3. growth n. 生长 ；增长（ the act of becoming bigger ； increase ）‎ the growth of a baby 婴儿的发育成长 ‎ gradual growth 逐渐生长 ‎ ‎4. pessimistic adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的，厌世的；对……悲观的about ‎ take a pessimistic view of life 对人生持悲观的看法 ‎ Don’t be so pessimistic. 别那样悲观。 ‎ He is pessimistic about the future. 他对未来感到悲观。 ‎ ‎5. optimistic adj. 乐观的（ having feeling of optimism ）‎ As I get older I get more optimistic. 我越活越乐观。 ‎ ‎6. hacker ‎7. crime n.[C] 犯法行为，犯罪，罪行；不该做的事 ‎ ‎（ something done against the law ； a foolish, useless action ）‎ Murder is a crime. 谋杀是一种罪行。 ‎ ‎8. criminal adj. 犯罪的；刑事上的 ( law breaking ； of crime )‎ a criminal act 犯罪行为 ‎ n. 罪犯，犯人 ( a person who has done something seriously against law )‎ The chief criminals shall be punished without fail. 首恶必办。 ‎ ‎9. terrorist n. 恐怖分子；恐怖主义者 ‎ ‎ ( someone who frightens, hurts or kills others so that people will do what he wants)‎ ‎10. attack v.进攻；攻击 (start fighting or hurting someone ) ；（疾病）侵袭 攻击；抨击（ make someone suddenly ill ；speak or write against）‎ We attacked the enemy by night. 我们趁黑夜进攻敌人。 ‎ The best way to defend is to attack. 最好的防御就是进攻。 ‎ The robber attacked the old man. 强盗袭击那位老人。 ‎ Measles attacks many children. 很多孩子得麻疹。 ‎ She was attacked with a disease. 她患病了。 ‎ air attacks 空袭 /a heart attack 心脏病突发 ‎ make an attack on the enemy ‎11. chaos n.[U] 混乱；无秩序（when things happen wildly and with no control; when there is no order）‎ The strong wind left the garden in chaos. 大风刮得花园零乱不堪。 ‎ ‎12. crash v. 碰撞，倒下；砸；撞坏；碰：（商业）破产，失败：n.[C] 撞坏；碰撞（to fall or strike the ground violently ； make something hit another thing hard ；business failure ；an accident; two ‎ things coming together hard）‎ The aeroplane crashed on a hillside. 飞机在山腰撞毁了。 ‎ He crashed his car into a wall. 他把汽车猛撞在墙上。 ‎ be crashed to pieces 被砸得粉碎 ‎ There was an airplane crash last week. 上周有架飞机坠毁。‎ ‎13. offer vt. 奉送；拿出 ；提供；出售（hold something that you want to give to someone ； say that you will give, do, or pay something if the other person wants it ；present for sale ）‎ He offered me a cup of tea. 他倒了杯茶要我喝。 ‎ They offered me a better position. ‎ 他们给了我一个更好的位置。 ‎ I’ll offer to go if nobody will.‎ I offered him a house for 1,000 pounds. ‎ 我提出愿以一千英镑把一所房子卖给他。‎ n.[C] 提供；提出；提议 ；出售（the act of offering ；putting forward for sale ）‎ I made him an offer of help. 我向他表示愿意提供帮助。 ‎ She has received an offer of marriage. 有人向她求婚。 ‎ ‎14. entertainment n. 款待；招待 ；娱乐 （the act of entertaining guests; the act of amusing people；an amusing or interesting public performance ）‎ They are giving an entertainment to their foreign guests. ‎ 他们在招待外宾。 ‎ give an entertainment to one’s guests 招待客人 ‎ The city offers many forms of entertainment. ‎ 这个城市提供各种娱乐。 ‎ ‎15. disappear vi. 消失，失踪；不见 （ go away so that it cannot be seen ）‎ The police are looking for the man who disappeared yesterday. 警察正在寻找昨天失踪的那个人。‎ ‎16.as if (as though) 好像；似乎；仿佛 ‎ He talks as if he knew everything. ‎ 他说话的神气好像他什么都知道似的。‎ It looks as if it is going to rain ‎17. harm n. 损害；伤害；危害（ hurt; damage; injury ）‎ He says what he thinks, but he means no harm. 他想到什么说什么，但是他没有恶意。 ‎ The waste and poison may do great harm to the things around us. ‎ Do more harm than good ‎ vt. 伤害；危害 ( hurt someone or something )‎ Hot water will harm the plants. 热水会伤害花草。‎ be harmful to ‎ Smoking is harmful to health.‎ ‎18.obvious adj. 清楚的；易懂的；明显的 ( very clear, easy to see or understand )‎ It’s obvious that he hasn't read the book. 他显然没有读过这本书。 ‎ an obvious mistake 明显的错误 ‎ ‎19. destruction n.[U] 毁灭；破坏 ( breaking something totally )‎ The strong earthquake left death and destruction behind it. ‎ 强烈的地震留下了死亡和破坏 ‎ ‎20. It is clear that he is lying.(telling lies)‎ ‎ It is obvious that…‎ ‎21. take immediate action Lesson 2‎ ‎1. military adj. 军事的，军用的 (of, for or related with armed forces, soldiers or war )‎ We had a military training last week. 上星期我们进行了军训。 n. 军方,军队 ( the military )‎ The military were on the march. 军队在行军中。‎ ‎2. scientific adj. 科学的 ( having to do with science )‎ scientific knowledge 科学知识 do scientific experiments.‎ science n. 科学；自然科学；一门学科； scientist n.‎ ‎3. nuclear adj. 原子核的；原子的；原子能的 ( of the central part of an atom; of atomic energy )‎ nuclear energy 原子能 nuclear power 核动力 ‎ nuclear weapons 核武器 ‎ ‎4. network n. 网；网制品 ( a netting or net; any system of lines that cross )‎ a network 网状系统 a network of railway 铁路网 ‎ ‎5.project n.[C] 计划,企画 ；‎ form [draw up拟定(起草,拉起,画出)] a project 订计划 ‎ do a project ‎ ‎6. fashion n. 流行式样，时髦（way of dressing or doing something that people think best at a certain time ） ‎ In the U.S. men don't wear hats now; they're out of fashion. ‎ 在美国男人们现在不戴帽子，戴帽子已不时兴了。 ‎ These shoes are the latest fashion. ‎ 这些鞋子是最新的流行样式。‎ a fashion show ‎ ‎7. hang on The line was engaged and the operator asked if I’d like to hang on.‎ Hang on a minute---I’m nearly ready.‎ ‎8.be up to sth正在干，从事 What has been she up to recently?‎ be up to sb.由某人决定 Whether you learn or not is entirely up to you.‎ It is up to you to decide.‎ be up to sb. 是某人的职责、义务 It is up to the travel companies to warn customers of any possible dangers.‎ up to now 直到现在 ‎ up to达……之多 The temperature went up to 35°C ‎9. fancy vt. 1.想要 2.想象 3.爱好 We cannot fancy a life without electricity. ‎ 我们不能设想生活中没有电。 ‎ Fancy seeing you! I am surprised! ‎ 想不到会见到你！真是出乎意料！ ‎ I really fancy going for a swim right now.‎ ‎ (n. 1.想象力 2.幻想 3.爱好)‎ ‎10. suggest vt. 建议；提出（意见、计划、理论等）（give someone an idea; say that something will be possible） ‎ I suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tonight. ‎ 我提议我们今晚开个会。 ‎ He suggests going to the cinema. 他建议去看电影。‎ Can you suggest a way (to do it) ? 你能提出一个办法吗？ ‎ His attitude suggests that he isn’t really interested.‎ Her pale face suggested that she was in poor health. ‎ suggestion n. 建议；意见/ advice My suggestion is (that) we go to the cinema. ‎ 我的建议是去看电影。‎ make suggestions ‎11. reject vt. 丢弃 ( throw away; cast aside as useless )‎ He rejected the rotten eggs. 他扔掉了坏鸡蛋。 ‎ vt. 拒绝；拒不接受 ‎ She rejected my offer of help. ‎ 我主动提出给予帮助，她拒绝了。 ‎ He tried to join the army but was rejected. ‎ 他想参军但被拒绝了。 ‎ the rejected suits ‎12. arrange vt. 整理；布置 （ put things in a nice, neat way ）‎ The teacher arranged the books on the shelves. ‎ 老师把书架上的书整理好 Please arrange the tools in order. 请把工具整理好。 ‎ v. 安排 （make a plan ） ‎ We arranged a party for the New Year's Day. ‎ 我们为元旦安排了一次茶话会。‎ I have arranged for a car to meet you at the airport. ‎ 我已安排了一辆小汽车到（飞）机场接你。‎ arrangement n. 整理；布置 ；安排( the act of arranging ；something arranged )‎ Have you made arrangements to sell your house? ‎ 你卖房子的事做好安排了吗？‎ ‎13. get in touch with sb When you are in London you might get in touch with a friend of mine.‎ keep in touch with sb stay in touch with sb lose touch with=be out of touch with sb.‎ I’ve lost touch with all my old friends.‎ Lesson 3 ‎ ‎1. title n. 题目；名；称呼；头衔 The title of a book is printed on the cover. 书名印在书的封面上 the title of doctor 博士的头衔 ‎ ‎2. destination n. 目的地；终点 ( place where a person or thing is going )‎ reach one’s destination 到达目的地 ‎ ‎3. flesh n.[U] 肉；肉类，兽肉 ( soft part of a person’s or animal’s body, under the skin; meat ) fresh Tigers are flesh eating animals. 虎是食肉动物。 ‎ He is losing flesh these days. 近来他消瘦了。 ‎ We eat the flesh of animals, birds, and fish. 我们吃兽类、禽类和鱼类的肉。 ‎ ‎[U] 肉体 ‎ The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.‎ in the flesh I’ve got all her records but I’ve never seen her in the flesh.‎ ‎4. exit n.[C] (公共建筑物、高速道路等的) 出口 ‎ an emergency exit ‎ There is only one exit from the theater.‎ 这家戏院只有一个出口处。‎ vi.出去,离去;退去 Please exit by the rear door.‎ 请从后门退场。‎ At the end of the third scene the actress exited.‎ ‎5. historical adj. 历史的；历史上的 ( of past times )‎ a historical film 历史电影 historical evidence 史料 ‎ a historical novel 历史小说 historical studies 历史研究 ‎ historical character 历史人物 ‎ ‎6. historic adj. 历史意义的，历史上著名的 (important in past times )‎ a historic occasion ‎1066 was a historic year for England. ‎ ‎1066年对英国来说是有历史意义的一年。 ‎ ‎7. site n. 地点；场所( place where something is, was or will be )‎ London is on the site of a Roman fort. ‎ 伦敦在一个古罗马堡垒的旧址上。 ‎ We put up our tent in the camp site. 我们在营地上搭起了帐篷。 ‎ ‎8. pack n./ vt. 包；背包；包裹 ‎ The hikers had packs on their backs. 徒步旅行的人都背着背包。 ‎ Have the goods been packed yet? 货物包装好了吗？ ‎ The room was packed with people. 房间里挤满了人。 ‎ ‎9. dip vt. 浸；蘸；汲取（ put something into liquid. for a short time and then take it out again）‎ He dipped his pen into the ink. 他拿钢笔蘸墨水。 ‎ He dipped a finger in it. 他把一个手指伸进里面蘸了一下。‎ ‎10. toe n. 脚趾 ‎ Please don’t step on my toes. 请别踩我的脚趾。 ‎ ‎11. millionaire n. 巨富，百万富翁 ( a person who has a million pounds or dollars; a very rich man )‎ We could all be millionaires one day.‎ ‎12. smoker n. 吸烟者 non-smoker ‎13. what’s more He is dirty, and what’s more he smells.‎ ‎14.But I still find it hard to imagine.‎ ‎15. go on an around-the -world tour ‎16. be popular with ‎17. the Leaning Tower of Pisa Lesson4‎ ‎1. tourism / tourist n.‎ The island has been ruined by tourism. ‎ 该岛毁在旅游业上了.‎ tourist party 观光团 ‎ ‎2. guide v. 领路；带领 ；n. 向导；指南 He guided us through the forest. 他领我们穿过了森林。 ‎ He volunteered to act as a guide to the Palace Museum. ‎ a guide to grammar 语法入门 ‎ a guide to farming 耕作指南 ‎ ‎3. locate vt. 设置,安置 ; 找出位置; 位于 ，坐落于 ‎ The firm located its office in Shanghai. ‎ 这家公司在上海设置办公室。‎ Can you locate Paris on the map? ‎ 你能在地图上指出巴黎吗？ ‎ The new building will be located in the center of town.‎ Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain.‎ location n.‎ What’s the exact location of the ship?‎ ‎4. settle ‎ ‎1)make one’s home in a place定居(vi.)‎ ‎ A long time ago, a great number of English people settled in America and Australia. ‎ ‎2) come to rest on sth; stay for some time(vi.) 落下；栖息 The bird settled on the branch. (在某处停歇一时)‎ ‎3). become calm, or relaxed (vt./vi.)‎ Wait until all the excitement has settled This medicine can settle your nerves.‎ ‎4).make an agreement about sth; deal with (vt.)‎ ‎ settle a dispute/an argument/a problem settle down settlement n. 拓居地；定居点 settler n.‎ ‎5. central adj.‎ We live in central London.‎ the central point of an argument(争论的焦点）‎ central government central heating集中供暖设备 centre n.‎ the centre of the circle the centre of the park ‎6. suburb n. 郊区；郊外 ‎ I live in the suburbs of Taipei. ‎ 我住在台北市郊。 ‎ ‎7. zone n. 地区（特别指在城镇）；地带 ‎ a danger zone/ an earthquake zone /a security zone ‎8. volcano n.[C] 火山 ‎ Vesuvius is a volcano. ‎ ‎ 维苏威山是一座火山。 ‎ An active volcano may erupt at any time a dormant volcano休眠火山 an extinct volcano死火山 ‎9. population ‎ What is the population of China?‎ China has a population of…‎ The population of China is very large.‎ More than eighty percent of the population of China are farmers.‎ ‎10. as well as 既……也（又）；不仅……而且/ not only… but also… ‎ He has experience as well as knowledge. ‎ 他既有学识又有经验。 ‎ She's clever as well as beautiful. ‎ She is not only beautiful but also clever.‎ 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。 ‎ He, as well as you, knows that. ‎ Not only he but also you know that.‎ 他和你一样，也知道那件事。 ‎ as well They are coming as well ‎11. view[U]视力;视野;[C]景色;风景画;[C] 观点；见解，意见 The Great Wall came into our view.（视野，视线） ‎ We had a good view of the town from the top of the hill.（景色） ‎ 从山顶上我们清楚地看到了全城景色。 ‎ Everyone at the meeting had different views.‎ In my view it was a waste of time. ‎ ‎12. go back (to)‎ The dinosaur goes back about 190 million years.‎ His family goes back to the time of Queen Elizabeth.‎ date back to date from This castle dates back to the 14th century.‎ ‎13. average adj./n.‎ an average price/cost at an average speed of 100 miles an hour The average of 4,5 and 9 is 6.‎ His mark is above average/below average.‎ ‎400 people a year die of this disease on average.‎ ‎13.go surfing/ surf the Net ‎14.the rest of ‎ ‎15.regular adj.规则的,有规律的;固定的; 经常的,习惯性的 regular heartbeat/customers/readers/income regular verbs(irregular verbs)‎ take regular exercise Communication workshop ‎1. official adj. languages an official statement/announcement government officials(n.)‎ officer officially They have been officially invited to the wedding.‎ ‎2. attractive adj.‎ attract one’s attention/interest attraction ‎3. do a scientific experiment carry out a scientific experiment ‎4 .consist of = be made up of The committee consists of ten members The committee is made up of ten members.‎ Ten members make up the committee.‎ ‎5. The kitchen has an area of 12 square meters.‎ The kitchen covers an area of 12 square meters.‎ The kitchen is 12 square meters in area.‎ ‎6. cut off The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month.‎ Our water supply has been cut off.‎ Don’t cut your fingers off.‎ ‎7. origin a man of humble origin words of Latin origin the origins of life on earth ‎8. S+be+of+n.‎ Over 80 % of the 3.6 million people are of European origin.‎ New Zealand wine is of good quality.‎ The meeting is of great importance.‎ ‎9. do research on/in/into sth.‎ ‎10. for the purpose of ‎ on purpose For what purpose do you want to go abroad?‎ ‎-----“Did he break it accidentally?” -----“No, on purpose.”‎ ‎11.keep up-to-date with events happening around the world.‎ She wears clothes that are right up to date.‎ up-to-date styles/clothes Will denim jeans go out of date? 粗布牛仔裤 out-of-date clothes ‎12 keep contact with / lose contact with/ get into contact with be in contact with