2020版一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit7TheSea单元学案（35页） 34页

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．chimpanzee n．　　　　　　　　 黑猩猩 ‎2．dolphin n. 海豚 ‎3．water skiing n. 滑水 ‎4．windsurfing n. 风帆滑浪 ‎5．the Antarctic 南极洲 ‎6．seal n. 海豹 ‎7．penguin n. 企鹅 ‎8．melt vi. 融化，熔化 ‎9．discount n. 　[纵联1] 折扣，减价 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．evaluate vt. 评估，评价 ‎2．sign n. 手势；符号 ‎3．hunt v. 打猎，猎杀 ‎4．collection n. 收集，收取 ‎5．explorer_n. 探险家 ‎6．voyage n. 航海；航空 ‎7．ban_ vt.　　 [纵联2] 禁止 ‎8．altogether adv. 完全 ‎9．handle_ vt.　[纵联3] 对付 ‎10．department n. 部，系，局，部门 ‎11．solution_ n. 解决办法；答案 ‎12．present vt. 演示；讲演 ‎13．measure_ vi.&vt. (长度、数量)为；测量 ‎14．escape vi. 逃脱，逃跑 ‎15．recover_ vi. 恢复正常；康复 ‎16．debate n．　[纵联4] 辩论，争论 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．participate vi.参加→participation n．参加→participant n．参与者 ‎2．arrange vt.安排，准备→arrangement n．安排 ‎3．frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frighten vt.(使)惊恐→frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的→fright n．恐怖；惊恐 ‎4．persuade vt.说服，劝服→persuasion n．说服 ‎5．apologise vi.道歉→apology n．道歉 ‎6．pollute vt.使污染→pollution n．污染 ‎7．intelligent adj.有灵性的；聪明的→intelligence n．智力，理解力 ‎8．energetic adj.有活力的→energy n．精力；活力 ‎9．discovery n．发现→discover vt.发现 ‎10．educate vt.教育→educator n．教育工作者→education n．教育，‎ 培养 ‎11．attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引人的地方→attractive adj.吸引人的 ‎12．terrify vt.令人感到恐惧→terror n．恐怖，恐惧→terrifying adj.使人感到恐惧的→terrified adj.感到恐怖的 ‎13．survive vi.幸存，生存下来→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者，生还者 纵联1.由discount想到的 ‎①promotion n．促销 ②retail n．零售 ‎③purchase n．& v．购买 ④wholesale n．批发 ‎⑤on sale廉价出售 ⑥new arrival 新品上市 纵联2.“(不)许可”词汇大观园 ‎①permit v．允许 ②allow v．允许 ‎③forbid v．禁止 ④ban v．& n．禁止 ‎⑤prohibit v．禁止 纵联3.“处理，对付”常见词 ‎①handle ②process ‎③solve ④do/deal with ‎⑤treat with ⑥attend to 纵联4.debate近义词知多少 ‎①argue v．争论，争辩 ②discuss v．讨论，谈论 ‎③negotiate v．洽谈，协商 ④quarrel v．争吵，争论 ‎⑤dispute v．辩论，争论 ⑥speak about/of谈论 ‎⑦talk over (反复)讨论 单元话题——自然环境之海洋 子话题1　海洋资源 ‎①marine power 海洋动力 ‎②marine life 海洋生物 ‎③seabed mineral resources 海底矿产资源 ‎④seawater chemical resources 海水化学资源 子话题2　海洋保护 ‎①increase n．增加 ②sharply adv.急剧地 ‎③decrease v．减少 ④situation n．形势 ‎⑤destruction n．破坏；毁灭 ⑥arouse v．叫醒；唤醒 ‎⑦protect v．保护 ⑧awareness n．意识 ‎⑨take on呈现 ⑩appeal to呼吁 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2015·安徽高考阅读D)Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived❶ on Earth for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective❷ (集体的) 　❸　 (intelligent) greater than you would expect from its individual parts.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：幸存，生存下来 ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：collection ‎③用所给词的适当形式填空：intelligence ‎2．(2014·安徽高考阅读E)When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to ‎ study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting❶ rats and disease, they discovered❷ that 80% of it was natural waste. So they 　❸　 (education) the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆肥) this waste.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：吸引，在此处为现在分词作状语 ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：discovery ‎③用所给词的适当形式填空：educated ‎3．(2014·湖南高考阅读C)Without specific information, it's hard to estimate❶ the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy❷ monitors, could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart❸ meters.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：evaluate，该句中it为形式主语 ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：energetic ‎③写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：intelligent 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)其次，我们学校组建了一支排球队和一支篮球队。两支球队一天训练两个小时，定期参加比赛。(participate)‎ Besides,_our_school_set_up_a_volleyball_team_and_a_basketball_team._Both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我听说学校英语协会现在急需一些志愿者，这引起了我的兴趣。(attract)‎ I've_learnt_that_the_English_Association_of_our_school_is_now_in_need_of_some_volunteers,_which_attracts_my_interest.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．arrange vt.安排，准备；整理；排列 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)arrange to do sth.　　　　　　 安排做某事 arrange for 为……做准备(安排)‎ arrange for sb./sth.to do sth. 安排某人/物做某事 arrange with sb.about sth. 与某人商定某事 ‎(2)arrangement n. 整理；布置；安排 make arrangements for ... 为……做好安排 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The manager arranged for John to_drive (drive) the guests home after supper.‎ ‎②Have you arranged to_take (take) the drive test this weekend?‎ ‎③If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5: 00 pm so that we will make necessary arrangements (arrange)．‎ 完成句子 ‎④With the Nation's Day approaching, we have_already_made_arrangements_for_our_trip.‎ 随着国庆节的临近，我们已经为我们的旅行做了安排。‎ ‎⑤I wonder whether the employer can arrange_with_employees_about_the_salary today.‎ 我不知道今天老板是否能与雇员商定工资。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)学校安排下午2点在学校礼堂放映一部英文短片Growing Together。‎ An_English_short_film,_called_Growing_Together,_is_arranged_to_be_shown_in_the_school_hall_at_2：00_pm.‎ ‎2．persuade vt.说服，劝服；使相信 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)　　说服某人做某事 ‎(2) 说服某人不做某事 ‎(3)persuade sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事 persuade sb. that ... 使某人相信……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Mother finally managed to persuade little Tom to_go (go) out for a walk after supper.‎ ‎②It is said that it is difficult to persuade the customers into purchasing (purchase) medicine on the Internet nowadays.‎ ‎③In a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument.‎ 句型转换 ‎④I am trying to persuade him to give up the attempt.‎ ‎→I am trying to persuade him into giving up the attempt.‎ ‎⑤We persuaded him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man.‎ ‎→We persuaded him not to lend his money to that untrustworthy man.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我的大多数同学都想去公园，而我想去爬山。我设法说服我的同学接受我的想法。‎ Most_of_my_classmates_wanted_to_go_to_a_park_while_I_had_an_idea_of_climbing_mountains.I_managed_to_persuade_my_classmates_into_accepting_my_idea.‎ ‎3．apologise vi.道歉，谢罪 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉 apologise to sb.that ... 向某人道歉……‎ ‎(2)apology n. 道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I apologise to you for the damage I have done to your bicycle.‎ ‎②Every time he interrupts me, he always makes an apology (apologise) to me.‎ 句型转换 ‎③The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.‎ ‎→The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.‎ 完成句子 ‎④You shouldn't have spoken to your mother in a rude manner. You owe_her_an_apology (应该向她道歉) immediately.‎ ‎⑤Please accept_my_apology (接受我的歉意) for the inconvenience this matter has given you.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。‎ I_owe_you_an_apology__for_the_fact_that_I_cannot_go_to_the_bookstore_with_you_on_Friday_afternoon.‎ ‎4．present vt.讲演；演示；给予，赠送；颁发；提出；介绍，引见n.现在，目前；礼物adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中present的词性及含义 ‎①The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.vt.演示 ‎②The audience present shouted with joy on seeing the famous star.adj.出席的，在场的 ‎③Mrs.Gibert presented Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.vt.赠送 ‎④She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.n.礼物 ‎⑤The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.现在的，目前的 ‎ [记牢]‎ ‎(1)present sb.with sth.＝present sth.to sb.‎ ‎ 把某物交给/颁发给/授予某人 present sb.to sb. 把某人介绍/引见给某人 ‎(2)at the present time＝at present　 目前，现在 for the present 就现在来说，暂时 ‎(3)be present at 出席……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑥The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.‎ ‎⑦People present at the meeting were mostly scientists from different parts of the world.‎ ‎⑧At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries.‎ 一句多译 教师节这天学生们通常给老师送花。‎ ‎⑨The students usually present_flowers_to_their_teachers on Teachers' Day.(present ...to)‎ ‎⑩The students usually present_their_teachers_with_flowers on Teachers' Day.‎ ‎(present ...with)‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑪(2015·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，还可能威胁到人们的生活。以上展示的三种选择都是典型的例子。‎ The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_threaten_people's_lives.The_three_selections_presented_above_are_typical_examples.‎ ‎5．attract vt.吸引，引起……的注意；使喜爱；引起……的好感(或爱慕)‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)attract sb.to ...　　　　　 　 把某人吸引到……‎ attract one's attention/interest 吸引某人的注意/兴趣 ‎(2)attraction n. 吸引人的事物，吸引力 ‎(3)attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸引人的 be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①What first attracted me to her was her incredible experience of life.‎ ‎②With all these attractions (attract), no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.‎ ‎③He was handsome and intelligent and obviously very attractive (attract) to girls.‎ 完成句子 ‎④I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave when something occurred that attracted_my_attention.‎ 我感到有点失望，正要离开，这时发生了一件事引起了我的注意。‎ ‎⑤I'll stay four days in Beijing to visit some_famous_tourist_attractions.‎ 我会在北京待4天，游览一些著名的旅游景点。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2017·江苏高考书面表达)因此，电影产业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。‎ Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater_efforts_to_attract_more_viewers.‎ ‎6．measure vi.& vt.(长度、数量)为；测量；衡量n.计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)measure ... by ...　　　　　 用……来衡量……‎ be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算 ‎(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they get online.‎ ‎②Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave.‎ 完成句子 ‎③Therefore, it's high time we took_measures_to_prevent water from being polluted.‎ 因此，现在是我们采取措施防止水被污染的时候了。‎ ‎④The suit fits me well because it is_made_to_my_measure.‎ 这套套装很合我身，因为是量身定做的。‎ ‎[用准]　measure 作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式；作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态，若其短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2013·重庆高考书面表达)它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效的措施来保护它们。‎ The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.‎ ‎7．escape vi.逃脱，逃跑 vt.被忘掉，被忽视n.逃走，逃脱 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)escape from/out of ...　　　　 从……中逃脱 escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事 ‎(2)make one's escape 逃走 a narrow escape 九死一生 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.‎ ‎②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.‎ 完成句子 ‎③Last year I had_a_narrow_escape,_so I don't want to risk my life a second time.‎ 去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。‎ ‎④We should know how to escape_from_a_fire in case of emergency.‎ 我们应该知道如何在火灾发生时逃离火场。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·湖北高考书面表达)与那个从现场逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的感到骄傲。‎ Compared_with_the_driver_who_escaped_from_the_spot,_I_am_proud_of_what_I_did.‎ ‎8．survive vi.幸存，生存下来vt.幸免于，幸存；比……活得长 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)survive on　　　 　　 靠……幸存/生存 survive sb. by ... 比……活得长……‎ survive sth. 幸免于……；从……中活过来 survive from ... 从……存活下来/流传下来 ‎(2)survival n. 幸存，继续存在；幸存物，残存物 survivor n. 幸存者，生还者 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Many of the peasants managed to survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.‎ ‎②Officials said there were no survivors (survive) in the plane crash.‎ ‎③For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ 完成句子 ‎④People who survive_from the earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.‎ 那些在地震中幸存下来的人将永远不会忘记他们可怕的经历。‎ ‎⑤The man survived_his_wife_by five years, during which he lived in a small house.‎ 那个男子比他妻子多活了五年，在此期间他一直住在一所小房子里。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2018·浙江高考书面表达)同时，我的马受惊了，突然跳起来，疯狂乱窜。有那么一瞬间，我以为自己活不下来了。‎ Meanwhile,_my_horse_got_frightened,_jumped_up,_and_ran_around_wildly.For_a_moment,_I_thought_I_could_not_survive.‎ ‎ [词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The painting comes from his private collection (收藏)．‎ ‎2．He refused to allow his secretary to handle (处理) confidential letters.‎ ‎3．Only four people managed to escape (逃离) before the roof collapsed.‎ ‎4．They debated (争论) for over an hour on the merits of different systems.‎ ‎5．It can take many years to recover (恢复正常) from the death of a loved one.‎ ‎6．We measured (测量) the room and found it was 20 feet long and 15 feet wide.‎ ‎7．Of those wounded in the battle, only three survived (幸存), and now they all have passed away.‎ ‎8．Of course no professionals may participate (参与) in the amateur tennis tournament.‎ ‎9．If an interview is too easy, it's a sure sign (预兆) that you haven't got the job.‎ ‎10．His mother likes buying clothes in discount (折扣) stores.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I don't have any further information about George at present.‎ ‎2．It's surprising that he survived on a bottle of water in the earthquake.‎ ‎3．I've arranged for the neighbors to feed the cat while we are away.‎ ‎4．He had the grace to apologise to me for the insulting remark.‎ ‎5．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring (measure) over 90 meters.‎ ‎6．Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.‎ ‎7．He will try and persuade his colleagues to_change (change) their minds.‎ ‎8．A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.‎ ‎9．The explorer (explore) told the boys about his adventure in the Arctic.‎ ‎10．My grandfather is as energetic (energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Nowadays, with people's awareness of environmental protection increasing, cycling becomes more and more attractive with people.第二个with→to ‎2．Some strange customs have survived on earlier times.on→from ‎3．Bill arranged this man to show us around the museum.arranged后加for ‎4．You'd better make apology to your teacher for your being ‎ late.apology前加an ‎5．The little girl was so frightening that she burst out crying.frightening→frightened Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．We finally persuaded_him_of the wisdom of this decision.‎ 我们最终使他相信这个决定是明智的。‎ ‎2．We don't doubt that the boy will apologise_to_the_angry_teacher.‎ 我们相信这个男孩会向生气的老师道歉。‎ ‎3．Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would_be_present_at_the_meeting.‎ 尽管没人知道，但这是他最后一次出席会议了。‎ ‎4．It is high time that we took/should_take_measures_to_protect_endangered_animals.‎ 是我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。‎ ‎5．We have_made_all_the_arrangements_for_the_conference that will be held next week.‎ 我们已做好下周将要召开的会议的全部筹备工作。‎ ‎ (一)课前自主学习 ‎1．participate_in　[串记1]　　　 参加 ‎2．on_one's_own 独自地；独立地 ‎3．fill_out 填写 ‎4．set_sail 启航 ‎5．according_to 根据，依照 ‎6．deal_with 处理；对付 ‎7．make_sense 有道理，有意义 ‎8．in_addition_to　[串记2] 除……以外还有 ‎9．get_into_trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境 ‎10．make_it_to 到达 ‎11．in_search_of 寻找，寻求 ‎12．make_a_living [串记3] 谋生 ‎13．watch_out　　[串记4] 注意 ‎14．all_at_once 突然，忽然 ‎15．pick_up 取，接载；无意中学到 ‎16．be_covered_with 覆盖 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“参加”词汇小聚 ‎①join ②take part in ‎③participate in ④join in ‎⑤attend 串记2.“除……之外”词汇知多少 ‎①in addition to ②except (for)‎ ‎③aside/apart from ④besides ‎⑤but (for)‎ 串记3.make常用搭配 ‎①make a living谋生 ②make a fortune发财 ‎③make a mess弄糟 ④make a comment作出评论 ‎⑤make a difference有影响 ⑥make sense有道理 ‎⑦make a decision 作决定 ‎⑧make a great effort 作很大的努力 串记4.“小心，注意”小聚 ‎①watch out注意 ②be careful小心 ‎ ‎③look out注意；当心 ④take care小心，当心 ‎1．every two hours 每两小时 ‎2．a “virtual reality” trip 一次“虚拟现实”之旅 ‎3．the sooner the better 愈早愈好 ‎4．with a light on their body 身体上有一盏灯 ‎5．go round in circles at great speed 以极快的速度绕圈子 ‎6．the first Europeans to_reach America ‎ 第一批到达美洲的欧洲人 ‎7．find himself in an unknown land ‎ 发现自己在一个陌生的地方 ‎1．It's three_times_as_big underwater. ‎ ‎(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。‎ ‎2．You certainly won't_find_a_noisier_fish. ‎ 你肯定不会发现比这更吵的鱼了。‎ ‎3．One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our_boat_full_of_fish. ‎ 那一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海上打鱼归来，船上载满了鱼。‎ ‎4．Our boat survived, and I was_trying_to_recover_when my elder ‎ brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the terrifying word “Whirlpool！”‎ 我们的船幸存下来了，我正竭力(从恐惧中)回过神来，就在这时，哥哥把他的嘴放到我的耳朵旁，大声说出那个令人胆战心惊的词“漩涡”。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills.You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)participate_in ‎2．(2018·北京高考阅读七选五)Also, sometimes preanger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)deal_with 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词块与句式 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)突然，一只小兔子从我的马前面跳了出来。我太紧张了，差点从马背上摔下来。(all at once)‎ All_at_once,_a_little_rabbit_jumped_out_in_front_of_my_horse.I_was_so_nervous_that_I_narrowly_fell_off_the_horse_back.‎ ‎2．(2014·福建高考书面表达)我正要放弃，这时我父亲来鼓励我继续前进。(be doing ...when ...)‎ I_was_giving_up_when_my_father_came_and_encouraged_me_to_keep_going.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．get into trouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境 ‎[记牢]‎ get sb.into/out of trouble　　 使某人陷入/摆脱困境 ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃 in trouble 处于困境中 take trouble to do/doing sth. 尽心尽力地做某事 have trouble with sth./(in) doing sth.‎ ‎ 在(做)某事方面有麻烦/吃力 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble.‎ ‎②People usually turn to Google for help when in trouble.‎ ‎③Walking around downtown late at night is just asking for trouble.‎ 完成句子 ‎④If your knowledge is abundant enough, you'll have_no_trouble_answering these questions.‎ 如果你的知识足够丰富，你就能毫不费力地回答这些问题。‎ ‎⑤Some people always take_great_trouble_to_achieve/achieving_some_goals which are beyond their ability.‎ 有些人总是追求一些力所不能及的目标。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2014·安徽高考书面表达)重要的是要学会控制你的脾气，这样你才不会陷入麻烦，不会做任何后悔的事或说任何后悔的话。‎ The_important_thing_is_to_learn_to_control_your_temper_so_that_you_may_not_get_into_trouble,_do_or_say_anything_you'll_regret.‎ ‎2．make it to及时到达(to为介词)‎ ‎[记牢]‎ make it　　　　　　　获得成功；准时到达(尤其在困难情况下)；幸免于难；渡过难关 make it＋时间 定在某个时间 make it through ... 挺过……，熬过……‎ ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①For many who made_it_to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.‎ 然而，对于许多成功到达道森的人来说，这次艰难的旅行是值得的。‎ ‎②Let's make_it_8：00_am tomorrow if you want to go to the park with me.‎ 如果你想和我去公园的话，让我们把时间定在明天上午8点吧。‎ ‎③We should have confidence in ourselves and believe we can make_it.‎ 我们应该对自己有信心并且坚信我们会成功。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2018·浙江高考书面表达)“我们可能不能及时赶回农舍吃晚饭了。”我心里想。‎ ‎“We_may_not_be_able_to_make_it_back_to_the_farm_house_in_time_for_supper.”_I_thought_to_myself.‎ ‎3．pick up取，接载；拾起，捡起；收听(节目)；无意中学到；廉价买到；恢复健康；情况好转；收拾 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中pick up的含义 ‎①The room must be picked up before the guests arrive. 收拾 ‎②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly. 收听 ‎③The school bus picks up the children three times every day. 接载 ‎④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long. (偶然)学会 ‎⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.‎ 情况好转 ‎[记牢]‎ pick out　　　　 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解 ‎ pick off 摘掉；摘下来 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑥That pile on the left are the ones that have been picked out for the library.‎ ‎⑦The insecticide might harm the flowers.Let's pick off the insects by hand.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2015·广东高考书面表达)萨莉走上讲台，拿起一根粉笔在黑板上写道：“规则一：我们是一家人！”‎ Sally_walked_onto_the_platform,_picked_up_a_piece_of_chalk_and_wrote_on_the_blackboard：“Rule_1：We_are_family！”‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．倍数表达法 ‎[教材原句]　It's three_times_as_big underwater.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The red ruler is three_times_as_long_as the yellow one.‎ ‎＝The red ruler is three_times_longer_than the yellow one.‎ ‎＝The red ruler is three_times_the_length_of the yellow one.‎ 这把红尺子是那把黄尺子的三倍长。‎ ‎(2)The population now in this village is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.‎ 现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。‎ ‎(3)Our grain output will be 10_times_that_of 1960.‎ 我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。　　‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 这是一个倍数表达法的常用句型，结构为：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...。常见的倍数表达法还有：‎ ‎(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the size (length, width, depth ...) of＋B ‎(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B ‎(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋what从句 ‎(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋that of ...‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Our school has a gymnasium with modern facilities, it is three times bigger than a common classroom.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2016·四川高考满分作文)Secondly, summer vacation is twice longer than the winter holiday.(要点句)‎ ‎2．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义 ‎[教材原句]　You certainly won't_find_a_noisier_fish.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The book has a greater effect on me than any_other book.‎ ‎＝The book has a greater effect on me than all_the_other books.‎ ‎＝The book has a greater effect on me than any_of_the_other books.‎ 这本书对我影响最大。‎ ‎(2)—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?‎ ‎—Of course.You can_never_be_too_careful with that.‎ ‎——做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？‎ ‎——当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)用形容词的比较级形式表示最高级含义的结构有：‎ ‎·比较级＋than＋ ‎·not (never, nothing等表示否定意义的词)＋a/an＋比较级＋单数名词 ‎(2)英语中其他可表示最高级意义的结构：‎ ‎·完成时＋never＋ ‎·否定词＋比较级(＋than ...)，通常译为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”‎ ‎·never/not＋enough/too ...“再……也不过分；越……越……”‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2015·四川高考满分作文)This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am quite interested in it.I think I'm not too fit for it.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2014·江西高考满分作文)I am sure that with great efforts, you won't enjoy a more colorful and fruitful life here.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2015·湖南高考满分作文)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 get into trouble， participate in， pick up， make sense， make a living， in search of， make it to， all at once ‎1．If I don't get this finished in time, I'll get_into_trouble.‎ ‎2．He has had to travel through the country in_search_of work.‎ ‎3．It just doesn't make_sense.Why would she do a thing like that?‎ ‎4．All_at_once,_we heard a shot and the soldier fell down to the ground.‎ ‎5．On land with rich soil, local farmers can grow crops to make_a_living.‎ ‎6．It didn't take me long to pick_up the basic knowledge of the language.‎ ‎7．Even though he couldn't swim, he managed to make_it_to the river bank with his friends' help.‎ ‎8．Most children at school hope that they can participate_in activities that appeal to them after class instead of just doing their homework.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子/一句多译 ‎1．我们在学校应尽量避免惹麻烦。‎ We should try not to get_into_trouble at school.‎ ‎2．中华文化早在数千年前就走向了世界。‎ Chinese culture made_it_to_the_world thousands of years ago.‎ ‎3．我正在街上散步，这时突然发生了一起事故。‎ I was_walking_in_the_street_when an accident happened.‎ ‎4．多么好的一篇小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。‎ What a wonderful novel! I have_never_read_a_more_moving_one.‎ ‎5．众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。‎ ‎①It's known to us that the_earth_is_49_times_as_large_as_the_moon.(as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...)‎ ‎②It's known to us that the_earth_is_49_times_larger_than_the_moon.(形容词/副词比较级＋than ...)‎ ‎③It's known to us that ‎ the_earth_is_49_times_the_size_of_the_moon.(the＋n.＋of ...)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假设你是李华，暑假你通常会和Lisa一起去度假。今年你们打算邀请在北京学习的美国朋友Ben和你们去海南三亚度假。请你写一封email向Ben发出邀请，要点如下：‎ ‎1．海南三亚度假两周；‎ ‎2．参加一周的潜水课程；‎ ‎3．负责预订航班和酒店；‎ ‎4．周四之前回复是否加入。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：潜水课程diving course Dear Ben，‎ Time goes fast.Another summer is coming again.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ We hope you can come along.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，就“邀请在北京学习的美国朋友Ben和你们去海南三亚度假”为话题写一封邀请信，人称为第一人称，时态为一般现在时。要点如下：海南三亚度假两周；参加一周的潜水课程；负责预订航班和酒店；周四之前回复是否加入。写作时要点表达力求准确全面，避免跑题。‎ 要点1：海南三亚度假两周。‎ Have_a_holiday_in_Sanya,_Hainan_Province_for_two_weeks.‎ 要点2：参加一周的潜水课程。‎ Take_diving_courses_for_a_week.‎ 要点3：负责预订航班和酒店。‎ Be_responsible_for_booking_flights_and_hotels.‎ 要点4：周四之前回复是否加入。‎ Reply_to_whether_to_join_before_Thursday.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 内容是要点的进一步升华和补充，因此为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道。如对要点1使用and并列句以及委婉用语引出下文；要点2使用the first week引导的时间状语从句，以及通过增加“想象”这一细节，增强要点的可读性，同时也表达了作者邀请的真诚；要点3使用as引导的原因状语从句，使前后因果明了，凸显了要点的明确性；要点4使用if引导的条件状语从句，使邀请更加委婉客气。‎ 拓展1－①：Lisa和我将像往常一样去度假。我们一直想去海南省的三亚市，并计划在那里度过两个星期。(and并列句)‎ Lisa_and_I_will_go_on_vacation_as_usual.We_always_want_to_go_to_Sanya_in_Hainan_Province_and_have_planned_to_spend_two_weeks_there.‎ 拓展1－②：如果你能参加我们的旅行，我们将非常高兴。(委婉用语)‎ We_would_be_very_delighted_if_you_could_join_us_on_this_trip.‎ 拓展2－①：我们在那里的第一周期间将学习潜水课程。(the first week)‎ The_first_week_we_stay_there,_we_will_take_diving_courses.‎ 拓展2－②：想象一下和鱼儿一起在水下游泳！我等不及了！(imagine)‎ Just_imagine_swimming_under_water_with_the_fishes!_I_can't_wait! ‎ 拓展3：别担心细节，Lisa会负责预订航班和预订酒店。(as引导的原因状语从句)‎ Don't_worry_about_the_details,_as_Lisa_will_take_care_of_booking_the_flights_and_reserving_the_hotel.‎ 拓展4：如果你想参加，我需要你在周四之前回复。(if引导的条件状语从句)‎ If_you_want_to_participate_then_I_need_you_to_reply_by_Thursday.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 开头发出邀请；中间列举要点，使用各种高级句式及表达，使要点更加完美丰满；结尾表达期待和愿望。‎ Dear_Ben，‎ Time_goes_fast.Another_summer_is_coming_again._Lisa_and_I_will_go_on_vacation_as_usual.We_always_want_to_go_to_Sanya_in_Hainan_Province_and_have_planned_to_spend_two_weeks_there.We_would_be_very_delighted_if_you_could_join_us_on_this_trip.‎ The_first_week_we_stay_there,_we_will_take_diving_courses.Just_imagine_swimming_under_water_with_the_fishes!_I_can't_wait!_Don't_‎ worry_about_the_details,_as_Lisa_will_take_care_of_booking_the_flights_and_reserving_the_hotel.If_you_want_to_participate_then_I_need_you_to_reply_by_Thursday.‎ We_hope_you_can_come_along.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(七)　说明文之事物类——抓说明对象，根据事物特点巧解题 事物类说明文一般在首段给出说明对象，然后从几个方面对事物进行客观说明。因此，该类文章的行文结构一般较为简单，阅读时不要拘泥于细枝末节，浏览完全文后，带着题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文查找答案出处，认真比对，从而得出正确答案。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·天津卷·C篇 ‎[抓事物特点]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·天津卷·C篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ 特点1‎ 特点2‎ 关键词 ‎ 特点3‎ 特点4‎ ‎　[1]There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.‎ ‎ [2]With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and ‎ ‎1.读首段抓说明对象 本文在首段首句介绍了3D打印技术的新领域——打印食物。‎ beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.‎ Sustainability (可持续性)‎ ‎[3]The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.‎ Nutrition ‎2.览标题，看行文结构 本文从Food production, Sustainability, Nutrition, Challenges 四个方面介绍了3D打印食物的优缺点。‎ ‎3.标题眼，找特点，比对定答案 标出题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文，查找事物特点，认真比对，‎ ‎[4]Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand.”‎ Challenges ‎[5]Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[由题眼找特点，比对定答案]‎ ‎46．What benefit does 3D printing bring to ？‎ A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.‎ B．It saves time and effort in cooking.‎ C．It improves the cooking conditions.‎ D．It contributes to restaurant decorations.‎ ‎47．What can we learn about 3D food printing from ？‎ A．It solves food shortages easily.‎ B．It quickens the transportation of food.‎ C．It needs no space for the storage of food.‎ D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food.‎ ‎48．According to ， 3Dprinted food________.‎ A．is more available to consumers B．can meet individual nutritional needs C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials ‎[答案]　46.B　47.D　48.B ‎46．根据题干中的关键词语food production可定位到“特点1”，认真比对，可得出答案。‎ ‎47．第三段的标题(特点2)“可持续性”暗含了3D打印机的材料应是可再生的，再据关键词“renewables”便可确定答案。‎ ‎48．根据第四段中的“特点3”可推知答案。‎