2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit4Pygmalion单元学案（30页word版） 35页

2019 届一轮复习人教版选修八 Unit 4Pygmalion 单元学案 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 1.　　　　vt.抢劫;盗窃;剥夺 2.　　　　vt.把……分类;把……归类 3.　　　　vt.俯视;忽视;不理会 4.　　　　 n.& vi.妥协;折衷 5.　　　　 vi.&vt.(使)褪色;减弱;逐渐消失 6.　　　　 n.谈论;言论;评述 vt.& vi.谈论;评论;说起 7.　　　　 n.皮夹;钱包 8.　　　　adj.音乐的;喜爱音乐的 n.音乐喜剧 9.　　　　adj.破旧的;寒酸的 10.　　　　adj.经典的;第一流的 n.经典著作 11.　　　　adj.不同寻常的;非凡的 12.　　　　adj.(见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的 13.　　　　vi.犹豫;踌躇 14.　　　　 n.教授 阅读词汇 1.condemn vt.　　　　　　 2.betray vt.　　　　　　 3.sob vi.& n.　　　　　　 4.whistle vi.& n.　　　　　　 5.status n.　　　　　　 6.outcome n.　　　　　　 7.referee n.　　　　　　 8.handful n.　　　　　　 9.acquaintance n.　　　　　　 10.troublesome adj. 　　　　　　 11.brilliant adj. 　　　　　　 12.superior adj. & n.　　　　　　 13.disgusting adj.　　　　　　 14.horrible adj. 　　　　　　 15.authentic adj. 　　　　　　 16.adaptation n.　　　　　 17.uncomfortable adj. 　　　　　 18.disapprove vt.& vi.　　　　　 拓展词汇 1.　　　　adj.有效的→　　　　 n.影响;结果→　　　　vt.影响;使感染;打动 2.　　　　 n.机会;运气;大笔的钱→　　　　adj.幸运的;侥幸的→　　　　adv. 幸 运地;侥幸地 3.　　　　adv. 适当地;恰当地→　　　　adj.适当的;恰当的 4.　　　　 n.适应(性);改编本→　　　　 v.(使)适应;改编→　　　　adj.能适应的 5.　　　　 vi.犹豫;踌躇→　　　　 n.犹豫;踌躇 6.　　　　adj.不舒服的;不安的;不自在的→　　　　adv. 不舒服地;不自在地 7.　　　　adj.(见解或判断上)错误的;不正确的→　　　　vt.弄错;误解 n.错误 二、高频短语 1.　　　　　　就……来说,从……角度 2.　　　　　　再一次 3.　　　　　　需要…… 4.　　　　　　 (声音、画面)逐渐模糊;渐淡 5.　　　　　　generally speaking 6.　　　　　　show...in 7.　　　　　　pass...off as... 8.　　　　　　make one’s acquaintance 三、经典句型 1.　　　　　　(要是……会怎么样呢) I was? 2.　　　　　　(在看的过程中), he makes notes. 3.But, sir, (proudly)　　　　　　　　　(一旦被教) to speak properly,that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. 4.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting 　　　　　　(进行深入的交谈). 5.I’d 　　　　　　　　　(绝不会来)if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do... 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 (一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化) 1.I didn’t 　　　 (犹豫) for a moment about taking the job. 2.I had the good　　　(运气) to be chosen for the trip abroad. 3.Neither side is prepared to　　　(妥协). 4.The colour of this material does not　　　(褪色). 5.All the books in the library are 　　　(分类) according to the subject. 6.We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, 　　　(忽视) our own roles in shaping children’s minds. 7.The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by avoiding making critical 　　　 (言论). 8.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good 　　　(财富) and wealth. 9.I congratulate you 　　　　　　 (再一次);this is the best thing you could have done. 10.After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately　　　　　　　　　 (需要)proper accommodation. 11.The limits of a person’s intelligence, 　　　　　　(一般来说), are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 12.The job is great　　　　　　　　　 (从……角度) salary, but it has its disadvantage. 13.I　　　　　　　　　 (结识他) 5 years ago. Since then we’ve been good friends. 14.I want to have a word with George. Please　　　　　　　　　 (领他进来). 15.It’s suggested that the music should　　　　　　(渐弱) at the end of the scene. (二)单句填空 1.The other day, the old man　　　 me for his son. That means I was　　　 for his son. (mistake) 2.John was 　　　 to get a job in the firm.　　　 , the job was well-paid. (fortune) 3.Mary was good at　　　 plays and the　　　 of the new play was satisfactory. (adapt) 4.Her house was modern and　　　 furnished and she felt　　　 every time she came in. (comfort) 5.Jane was　　　 of her diamond ring the other day and the　　　 was caught by the police very soon. (rob) 二、经典句型仿写 1.要是他发现你弄丢了他的自行车将会怎样? (What if...) 　　　　　　　　　that you have lost his bike? 2.时间一旦被设定就不能更改。(省略句) 　　　　　　, the time can’t be changed. 3.由于陷入沉思中,他没有注意到车正朝他驶来。(形容词作状语) 　　　　　　, he didn’t notice the car running towards him. 4.我在购物的时候,遇到了我的一位老朋友。(省略句) 　　　　　　　　　, I met an old friend of mine. 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 1.rob　2.classify　3.overlook　4.compromise　5.fade　6.remark　7.wallet 8.musical　9.shabby　10.classic　11.extraordinary　12.mistaken　13.hesitate　 14.professor 阅读词汇 1.谴责;使……处于不幸的状态　2.显露出(本来面目);背叛　3.啜泣(声);抽噎(声)　 4.吹口哨;发出汽笛声;口哨声;汽笛声　5.身份;地位;职位 6.结果;效果　7.裁判员;仲裁者　8.一把;少量　9.相识;了解;熟人　10.带来麻烦的;使 人心烦的　11.光辉灿烂的;杰出的;才华横溢的　12.优秀的;较高的;上级的;上级;长 官　13.使人反感的;令人厌恶的　14.可怕的;恐怖的　15.真实的;真正的;可信的;可 靠的　16.适应(性);改编本　17.不舒服的;不安的;不自在的　18.不赞成;反对;认为不 好 拓展词汇 1.effective;effect;affect　2.fortune;fortunate;fortunately 3.properly;proper　4.adaptation;adapt;adaptable　5.hesitate;hesitation 6.uncomfortable;uncomfortably　7.mistaken;mistake 二、高频短语 1.in terms of　2.once more　3.in need of　4.fade out 5.一般来说　6.带或领…… 进来　7.(把某人)改变或冒充成…… 8.结识;与……相见 三、经典句型 1.What if　2.While watching　3.once educated　4.deep in conversation　5.never have come 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 (一)词汇拼写 1.hesitate　2.fortune　3.compromise　4.fade　5.classified　6.overlooking 7.remarks　8.fortune　9.once more　10.in need of　11.generally speaking 12.in terms of　13.made his acquaintance 14.show him in　15.fade out (二)单句填空 1.mistook;mistaken 　2.fortunate;Fortunately 3.adapting;adaptation　4.comfortably;comfortable 5.robbed;robber 二、经典句型仿写 1.What if he finds out　2.Once set　3.Deep in thought 4.When/While shopping 单元综合能力测试 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) A (2018·湖南石门一中模拟)The Adler Planetarium Chicago is home to more than 35, 000 square feet of exhibits. From huge models of the Solar System, to ancient astronomical instruments, to interactive adventures, Adler's exhibit galleries provide a passageway for you to explore the universe. The Adler also offers mini science exploration activities that are quick 10­minute lessons. Visitors can learn some interesting astronomical facts at these small activity carts. The Adler Planetarium Chicago is the only museum in the world with two full­size planetarium theaters. Since 1930, the wonder of the stars has been visible in the historic Sky Theater. Powered by brand­new Digistar 3TM technology，the StarRider Theater is a completely digital, virtual (虚拟的) outer space environment. The famous Zeiss Planetarium projector is able to accurately reproduce the movement of every aspect of the night sky. Do's and Don'ts： Do Take the Bus/Train: leave the car at home for this museum trip.The Adler is located within close proximity to public transit. Don't Miss the Doane Observatory: when weather permits, the Doane is open at the Adler for observing with its 20­inch diameter telescope. Don't Miss Museum Special Events: the Adler offers a summer camp for kids from mid­June to August. Ticket Price： Adult: ＄28; child: ＄22. Book online now to save 37%. Regular Schedule： Mon.－Fri. 10 am－4 pm; Sat.－Sun. 10 am－4：30 pm Summer Hours: 9：30 am－6 pm daily. Nearest Transit: Roosevelt Metro Station Address: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 语篇解读：本文对芝加哥的阿德勒天文馆进行了简单的介绍，包含参观时间、 票价、交通等信息。 21．What's the main function of the Adler Planetarium Chicago? A．Displaying the models of the Solar System. B．Selling ancient astronomical instruments. C．Offering a passageway to explore the universe. D．Giving 10­minute lessons to visitors. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第一段的“From huge models ...provide a passageway for you to explore the universe”可知，阿德勒天文馆给游客提供了探索太 空的途径，故选 C 项。 22．What can visitors learn in the StarRider Theater? A．The history of the Adler Planetarium Chicago. B．The wonder of the interactive adventures. C．The complicated Digistar 3TM technology. D．The movement of the stars in the night sky. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。依据第二段的最后两句可知，游客在这里能了解 到星星在夜空中的运动，因此选 D。 23．If you want to try the Doane Observatory, you'd better ________. A．drive your private car B．consider weather conditions C．buy a telescope in advance D．join the Adler's summer camp 解析：选 B　细节理解题。依据“Don't Miss the Doane Observatory: when weather permits ...”可知，选 B。 24．How much will a couple and two kids at least spend to visit the Adler? A．＄37.　　　　　　　　　 B．＄63. C．＄72. D．＄100. 解析：选 B　数字计算题。依据 Ticket Price 部分可知，成年人每人 28 美元， 儿童 22 美元，一对夫妇和两个孩子则是(28×2)＋(22×2)＝100，如果在网上订，则 会在总价的基础上优惠 37%，即至少为 63 美元，故选 B。 B (2018·河南省豫南九校联考)Working up a credit score for Walter Cavanagh has got to be a mathematical nightmare — the man has nearly 1,500 valid credit cards to his name and holds the Guinness Record for the most credit cards. Mr. Plastic Fantastic — a title given to him by Guinness World Records — is also the proud owner of the world's longest wallet, which can hold about 800 cards. But he uses it only to carry a few cards, while the rest are safely kept in bank safe­deposit boxes. Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s. “One of my best friends and I made a silly bet: the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，” he said. “I got 143 cards by the end of the year, and my friend gathered 138.” After winning that bet, Cavanagh decided to simply keep going with his unusual collection. He got credit cards from gas stations, airlines, bars, and even ice cream stores. If there's one card missing from Cavanagh's collection, it's that from the Newberry Company. They repulsed his application for a card in the early 1970s, even though he'd collected over 100 by then. They said he had too much credit. Therefore, so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection. Cavanagh hasn't stopped applying for new cards — he's held the Guinness Record since 1971 and has no intention of letting go of it. He copies whole pages from a U．S. directory of businesses and keeps sending applications. If he receives a rejection, he writes back to the company explaining his goal and ambition. But he doesn't count useless cards in his total collection. Thanks to all the cards to his name, Cavanagh has access to about ＄1.7 million at any moment. Despite this privilege, he has managed to maintain an excellent credit score. The 72­year­old retired financial planner and credit expert has only one piece of advice to share: “Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months. If you don't have the_discipline,_you shouldn't have the cards.” 语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了沃尔特·卡瓦纳拥有将近 1 500 张信用 卡，信用额度高达 170 万美元，创下世界纪录。 25．Cavanagh began to collect credit cards when he ________. A．owned a very long wallet B．made a bet with his friend C．wanted to create a Guinness Record D．was treated to dinner by his friend 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cavanagh started collecting credit cards in the late 1960s. ‘One of my best friends and I made a silly bet: the guy who could collect the most credit cards by the end of the year would win dinner，’ he said” 可知，自从跟朋友打赌后，卡瓦纳就开始收集信用卡了。 26．What does the underlined word “repulsed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Rejected. B．Recalled. C．Repeated. D．Recognized. 解析：选 A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They said he had too much credit. Therefore, so far he hasn't had a Newberry card in his collection”可知，卡瓦纳没有 Newberry Company 的卡，表明他的申请被拒绝了，故选 A 项。 27．What do the underlined words “the discipline” in the last paragraph probably refer to? A．Having many cards to your own name. B．Buying things by card and paying off in time. C．Managing to own more privileges for your card. D．Using a card to buy things as many times as possible. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Never use a card to buy anything you can't pay off in a couple of months”可知，卡瓦纳建议人们：如果几个月内无法 偿还信用卡，那人们最好别用信用卡购物，故选 B 项。 28．What do we know about Cavanagh's cards? A．Some of them are useless. B．They are safely kept in his long wallet. C．They have brought him fame and privilege. D．Fewer new cards are added to his collections. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“holds the Guinness record for the most credit cards”及倒数第二段中的“Despite this privilege”可知，卡瓦纳收藏的信用卡给 他带来荣誉并且也使他享有一些特权。 C (2018·河南洛阳外国语学校模拟)One of the strangest features of motherhood is that the vast majority of mothers prefer to cradle their babies in the left arm. Why should this be? The obvious explanation is that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish to keep their right hand free.Unfortunately, this explanation cannot apply, because left­handed mothers also favor their left arm for holding their babies. The precise figures are 83 percent for right­handed mothers and 73 percent for left­handed mothers. The most likely explanation is that the mother's heart is on the left side and, by holding the baby in her left arm, she is unconsciously bringing her baby closer to the sound of the heart beat. This is the sound the baby heard when it was inside the mother's womb and which is therefore an association with peace, comfort and security. Tests were carried out in nurseries where some babies were played the recorded sound of a human heart beat, and, sure enough, went to sleep twice as quickly as the others. We also know that the sound of mother's heart is quite audible inside the womb and that the unborn baby has a well­developed hearing. It is interesting that fathers show less of this left­side bias (偏爱) than mothers, suggesting that the human female is better programmed than her partner for carrying a baby. Alternatively, she may unconsciously adjust her holding behavior to make baby fell more secure. Some new observations on our closest animals' relatives, the chimpanzees and gorillas, have revealed that they also show a strong bias for holding their babies on the left side. The precise figures were 84 percent for chimpanzees and 82 percent for gorillas, remarkably close to the human percentages. Recently a possible additional value in cradling babies on the left side has been suggested. It has been pointed out that, because, the two sides of the brain are concerned with different aspects of behavior, it is possible that the mother, in cradling the baby to her left, is showing the baby her “best side”．It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her. Furthermore, the mother's left eye and ear are more tuned into emotional changes in her baby than her right eye and ear would be. So in addition to the baby's seeing the more expressive parts of its mother, there is further advantage that the mother herself is more sensitive to the left­held baby. This may sound far­fetched, but just possibly, it could provide a slight extra benefit for those mothers displaying the strange one­sided bias when cradling their infants. How does a bias occur? Do the mothers have an instinctive preference for it, or do they learn it by trial and error, unconsciously adjusting the position of the babies until the babies are calmer? The surprising answer is that it seems to be the baby not the mother who controls the bias. Observation of new born infants when they were only a few hours old revealed that they come into the world with a pre­programmed tendency to turn their head to the right. If the new born baby is gently held in a dead central position and then released, it naturally swings to the right far more often than to the left. This happens in nearly 70 percent of babies. This may be only a part of explanation, because the holding bias is 80 percent not 70 percent, but it adds a further intriguing chapter to the story. 语篇解读：本文讨论的是为什么大多数母亲都是左手抱婴儿。 29．How does the author develop Paragraph 1? A．By giving an example as a hook. B．By giving a general statement and narrowing it down. C．By asking a question and showing an answer. D．By explaining the importance of understanding a phenomenon. 解析：选 C　写作手法题。根据第一段中的“Why should this be? The obvious explanation is that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish to keep their right hand free.”可知， 第一句说明一个现象，并对此提出疑问，然后进行解释。 由此可知，选项 C 符合题意。 30．The underlined word “audible”in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．soft B．clear C．weak D．distant 解析：选 B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...and that the unborn baby has a well­developed hearing”可知，还在子宫内未出生的婴儿有着发育健全的听力系统。 由此可推知，B 项符合语境，即婴儿在子宫内时，母亲的心跳声是很清晰的。 31．What's the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．The left side of the human face expresses emotions more strongly than the right. B．A mother's left eye and ear are more sensitive to the emotional changes in her baby. C．A baby may be more able to “read” its mother's emotions than was previously believed. D．Holding her baby in the left arm may improve a mother's emotional communication with it. 解析：选 D　段落大意题。根据第五段中的“It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her.”可知， 人的左半边脸的表情更加丰富，更有利于和孩子进行感情交流和沟通。因此 D 项 符合语境。 32．What is the author's tone when he discusses why most mothers cradle their babies in the left arm? A．Cautious. B．Disapproving. C．Subjective. D．Favorable. 解析：选 A　推理判断题。根据文章里多处出现的语气不确定的词可知，作 者探讨为什么大多数母亲都是左手抱婴儿这一问题的态度是比较谨慎的。例如第 二段中 most likely explanation，第五段中的 a possible additional value, it is possible that ..., but just possibly ...以及第六段中的This may be only a part of explanation ...等。 D Alibaba started taking the lead in China by connecting big Chinese manufacturers (制造商) with big buyers across the world.Its business­to­business site, Alibaba.com allowed businesses to buy almost everything.Alibaba's advantage wasn't hard to judge: size.Alibaba is just big, even by Chinese standards.Its market attracts about 231 million active buyers, 8 million sellers, 11.3 billion orders a year — and Alibaba is just the middleman.It encourages people to use its markets — not charging small sellers a percentage of the sale. If you want a quick look into the influence of Alibaba on Chinese daily life, take my experience.I moved to Beijing a year ago and quickly got tired of visiting small stores across the crowded, polluted city of 20 million people in search of new electronics, bathroom furnishings, and anything else my wife wanted.“You're looking for what exactly？Why not try it？” my Chinese teacher asked me one day.With that, my wonderful new relationship with Alibaba began. Alibaba's original business­to­business model now is second to consumer buying.Chinese retail (零售) buying makes up 80% of Alibaba's profit, and leading that group is Taobao, with 800 million items for sale and the most unbelievable selection of things you'll never find.Tmall.com is Alibaba's another big site, where you can find brand­name goods from Nike to Unilever almost at the lowest prices. What I have a hard time explaining to friends and family back in the U．S. is how China has gone beyond traditional shopping — big­box retailers especially — in favor of online purchases on Taobao and a few other sites.In smaller towns than Beijing, Taobao will be the first choice when shopping online. I have a list of some of my recent purchases on Taobao for a sense of how wide the marketplace is.Almost everything arrived a day or two after ordering with free shipping.I'm not even a big buyer, because I need friends to help me search the Chinese­language site. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了阿里巴巴对人们的购物产生的巨大影响，它已经 深入到人们日常生活的方方面面。 33．We know from the passage that Alibaba ________. A．acts as a bridge between the buyers and sellers B．charges small sellers on its site a percentage of the sale C．sells everything you want online D．has taken the place of traditional stores 解析：选 A　推理判断题。由第一段第一句“... by connecting big Chinese manufacturers with big buyers across the world.”可知，阿里巴巴的运营模式是将制造 商与买家联系起来，由此推断出阿里巴巴起到了桥梁的作用，故选 A 项。 34．What can be inferred from the last 3 paragraphs? A．Taobao sells millions of items with the lowest price. B．Alibaba's profit mainly consists of Chinese retail buying. C．Tmall.com is more popular than Taobao. D．The author can purchase items on Taobao without any difficulty now. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。由第三段第二句“Chinese retail buying makes up 80% of Alibaba's profit ...”可知，中国人的零售购买占了阿里巴巴利润的 80%，故选 B 项。 35．What is the passage mainly about? A．Taobao, the best choice for shopping online in China. B．Alibaba influences people's daily purchase in China. C．Shopping online goes beyond traditional shopping in China. D．How the author learns to purchase online in China. 解析：选 B　主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要论述了阿里巴巴对人们日 常购物产生的巨大影响，故选 B 项。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) Eyes Can Speak Much meaning can be conveyed, clearly, with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak. __36__ In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he senses that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable. The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. __37__ Eyes do speak, right? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. __38__ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. However, when two people are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener's eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking. __39__ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you, you will feel awkward. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication. __40__ Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. A．On the contrary, it will give him away. B．Do you have such kind of experience? C．That's what normal eye contact is all about. D．Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only. E．After all, nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. F．But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. G．If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. 语篇解读：本文具体介绍了在不同的情况下，不同关系的人之间要做不同的 眼神交流。因为我们的眼睛可以清楚地传达出我们的想法，所以说眼睛会说话。 36．解析：选 B　该空后面两句话是说在公共汽车上盯着陌生人看的情况。B 项意为 “你有过这样的经历吗？”，设空处提出问题，紧接着给出回答，上下文语 义连贯。故选 B 项。 37．解析：选 G　根据上一句中的“to see if there is anything wrong with you (去 看看是不是自己哪里有问题)”可知，G 项“如果没有什么问题，别人用那样的方式 盯着你会让你感到恼怒。”符合语境。故选 G 项。 38．解析：选 F　根据设空处后的“If a man stares at a woman ... are obvious.”可 知，F 项“但是如果盯着异性，那就要另当别论了。”起到了承上启下的作用，故选 F 项。 39．解析：选 C　该空上一句主要讲在两个人交谈的时候，要不时地进行眼神 交流以确保对方在注意听你说话。C 项意为“那就是正常的眼神交流。”，句中 That 指代的就是上一句所说内容，语意连贯。故选 C 项。 40．解析：选 A　空前讲的是一个说谎的人错误地认为一直看着对方能够表 现出自己的诚实。A 项“那样反而出卖了他。”符合语境。故选 A 项。 第一节(共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) (2018·江西赣州四校模拟)Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary. Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world__41__upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n)__42__ man. It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the__43__ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of __44__ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an__45__ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, __46__ the direction of Marlow's life's work forever. The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him__47__ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an__48__ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, __49__ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans. Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non­profit organization that__50__ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through__51__ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a __52__ for others looking to make a positive__53__ in the world from right where they are. The book does more than__54__ people to do good — it puts the suggestion into action with every__55__. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to__56__ meals to children in our communities around the world，” Marlow explains.“Every book that is__57__ will provide five meals to children in one of our communities. In the first 30 days after the book's __58__， we hit over 30,000 meals.” Help One Now is__59__ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew.“We encourage those interested in working with the__60__ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles，” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.” 语篇解读：克里斯·马洛是一位牧师和两个孩子的父亲，2009 年去津巴布韦的 传教之旅颠覆了他的世界观，改变了他的人生。于是，他创立了非营利性组织“现 在帮助一个”，号召人们通过简单的慷慨行为向非洲、海地以及世界各地的贫困儿 童提供食物、住所和教育。 41．A.economy　　　　　　　　 B．map C．view D．tour 解析：选 C　然后，去津巴布韦的传教之旅颠覆了他的整个世界观。view 意 为“观点，看法，见解”；economy 意为“经济”；map 意为“地图”；tour 意为“旅行， 观光”。 42．A.astonished B．changed C．inspired D．confused 解析：选 B　他回到了北卡罗来纳的家，完全变了一个人。changed 意为“变 化的，改变的”；astonished 意为“感到惊讶的，十分惊奇的”；inspired 意为“有创造 力的，有灵感的”；confused 意为“糊涂的，困惑的”。 43．A.atmosphere B．shape C．addition D．reality 解析：选 D　根据下文第 12 空前的“the reality of severe poverty”可知，在这次 行程中，马洛面临着极端贫困的现实。reality 意为“现实，事实，真实情况”；atmosphere 意为“空气，大气；气氛，氛围”；shape 意为“形状，外形”；addition 意为“增加， 添加”。 44．A.starving B．crying C．struggling D．running 解析：选 A　根据下文的“begging for food”可知，极端贫困的现实断然表现在 乞讨食物的挨饿的孩子的脸上。starving 意为“挨饿的，饥饿的”；crying 意为“哭泣 的”；struggling 意为“努力的，奋斗的”；running 意为“奔跑的”。 45．A.abolished B．acquired C．attached D．abandoned 解析：选 D　特别是一个孤儿，他和许多其他孤儿一起睡在一座废弃的加油 站的水泥地上。abandoned 意为“舍弃不用的，无人居住的；废弃的，遗弃的”；abolished 意为“废除的”；acquired 意为“获得的，习得的；后天的”；attached 意为“附属的； 依恋的”。 46．A.shifted B．blocked C．took D．pulled 解析：选 A　这个孤儿永远地改变了马洛一生工作的方向。shift 意为“(使)改 变，发生变化；(使)移动，转移”；block 意为“阻挡，阻塞，阻止”；take 意为“拿， 取，带走”；pull 意为“拉，拖，拿出”。 47．A.in return for B．in favour of C．in exchange for D．in search of 解析：选 C　这个小男孩乞求马洛允许自己为他工作以换取食物。in exchange for 意为“交换”；in return for 意为“作为……的回报”；in favour of 意为“支持，赞 成”；in search of 意为“搜寻，寻找”。 48．A.interruption B．interval C．interview D．interaction 解析：选 D　这是一次马洛无法忘记的相互交流，因为他接下来的行程都是 在开车穿过尘土飞扬的道路和绝望中度过的。interaction 意为“相互交流，相互沟 通，互动；相互影响，相互作用”；interruption 意为“打断，中断”；interval 意为“间 隔，中场休息”；interview 意为“采访，访谈；面试，面谈”。 49．A.convinced B．determined C．prepared D．satisfied 解析：选 B　他下定决心要找到养活这些孤儿的办法。determined 意为“下定 决心的，决意的，坚定的”；convinced (of sth.)意为“确信的，深信的，坚信的”；prepared 意为“准备好的，有准备的；愿意的”；satisfied 意为“满意的，满足的”。 50．A.reminds B．equips C．requires D．permits 解析：选 B　马洛接着创立了非营利性组织“现在帮助一个”，该组织使普通人 有能力向非洲、海地以及世界各地的贫困儿童提供食物、住所和教育。equip 意为 “使有能力，使做好准备；装备，配备”；remind 意为“提醒；使回想起”；require 意为“要求，需要”；permit 意为“允许，准许，许可”。 51．A.brief B．graceful C．simple D．courageous 解析：选 C　通过简单的慷慨行为普通人能向非洲、海地以及世界各地的贫困 儿童提供食物、住所和教育。simple 意为“简单的，单纯的”；brief 意为“短暂的， 简短的；简洁的，简明的”；graceful 意为“优美的，优雅的”；courageous 意为“勇 敢的，无畏的，有胆量的”。 52．A.measure B．rule C．tool D．guide 解析：选 D　他于 2016 年出版了他的第一本书《行善是简单的》，书中讲述 了他对严重贫困的现实进行改造的经历，这可以作为对其他人的指导。guide 意为 “指导，指南”；measure 意为“措施，方法”；rule 意为“规则，规定”；tool 意为“工 具，用具”。 53．A.decision B．request C．difference D．comment 解析：选 C　其他人希望根据他们自身的实际情况对世界产生积极的影响。 make a difference 意为“有影响，起作用”。difference 意为“影响，作用”；decision 意为“决定，抉择”；request 意为“要求，请求”；comment 意为“评论，意见”。 54．A.encourage B．entitle C．allow D．appoint 解析：选 A　这本书不只是鼓励人们去行善。encourage 意为“鼓励，激励”；entitle 意为“给……命名；给予……权利，使有资格”；allow 意为“允许，准许”；appoint 意为“任命，委派；约定，确定”。 55．A.attempt B．purchase C．publication D．adoption 解析：选 B　根据下文的“use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple”可知，每购买 一本书都是将行善的建议付诸行动。purchase 意为“购买，购买行为，所购之物”； attempt 意为“尝试，企图”；publication 意为“出版，发行；公布，发布”；adoption 意为“采用，采纳；收养，领养”。 56．A.submit B．contribute C．pass D．provide 解析：选 D　根据下文的 provide five meals to children 可知，一开始我们决定 将《行善是简单的》这本书的利润用于向世界各地的社区的儿童提供食物。provide 意为“提供，供应”；submit 意为“提交，递呈；顺从，屈服”；contribute 意为“贡献； 捐赠”；pass 意为“经过，走过；通过”。 57．A.written B．sold C．read D．bought 解析：选 B　每卖一本书所得的利润就能为我们一个社区的儿童提供五顿饭。 sell 意为“卖，销售”；write 意为“写，写作”；read 意为“读，阅读”；buy 意为“买， 购买”。 58．A.release B．recovery C．reservation D．registration 解析：选 A　在书发行后的前三十天里，我们所获得的利润累计可供我们提 供三万顿饭。release 意为“发行，发布，推出”；recovery 意为“恢复，康复，复苏”； reservation 意为“保留，预定”；registration 意为“登记，注册”。 59．A.eventually B．annually C．currently D．permanently 解析：选 C　由于飓风“马修”造成的灾难，现在“帮助一个”这个组织正在努力 地援助海地的救灾工作。currently 意为“目前，现在”；eventually 意为“最终，最 后”；annually 意为“每年地，一年一次地”；permanently 意为“永久地，永恒地”。 60．A.organization B．community C．corporation D．government 解析：选 A　根据上文的“Help One Now, a non­profit organization”可知，我们 鼓励那些有兴趣跟这个组织合作的人想出一些符合他们的个性和生活方式的办法 来提供帮助。organization 意为“组织，机构，团体”；community 意为“社区，社会”； corporation 意为“公司，企业”；government 意为“政府；治理，执政”。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) Hospitals haven't always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught__61__ to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this. Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother__62__ (visit) the poor people.They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming__63__ nurse. Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence__64__ (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the __65__ (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn't enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard, __66__ (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room, __67__ (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort__68__ them. After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients__69__ (proper). However, she never really made a full__70__ (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910. 语篇解读：本文是对护理事业的创始人、现代护理教育的奠基人弗洛伦斯·南 丁格尔的介绍。 61．how　考查疑问词。根据语境，此处指以前的护士从未被教过要如何照顾 病人，故用 how。 62．to visit　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式短语在句中 作目的状语。 63．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表泛指，指“成为一名护士”，故应用 不定冠词 a。 64．was asked　考查时态和语态。此处说的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般 过去时；又根据空后的“by the government”可知，Florence 与 ask 之间是被动关系， 应用被动语态。 65．wounded　考查词性转换。“the＋adj.”是固定用法，表示一类人，故填 wounded。 66．cleaned　考查时态。分析句子结构可知，此处与 worked 和 made 并列作 句子的谓语，故也应用一般过去时。 67．checking　考查非谓语动词。check 与其逻辑主语 she 之间是主动关系， 故应用现在分词短语作伴随状语。 68．for　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处指的应是“她给他们提供慰藉”，provide sth. for sb.＝provide sb. with sth.。 69．properly　考查词性转换。空处修饰 look after, 应用副词形式。 70．recovery　考查词性转换。根据语境及空前的“a full”可知此处应用名词形 式。 练三　写作规范增分练限时 35 分钟与单元基础回扣练 Ⅰ.写作规范增分练 第一节：短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) (2018·黑龙江佳木斯模拟)In couple of weeks, we'll say goodbye to our school. Now this is really hard to put my feelings into words.The past three years has general been a wonderful journey with you guys.To make the journey good and safer, our teachers had contributed their time and energy. We are grateful to what you, dear teachers, have done for us. No matter whether unwilling we are, we will depart soon. And it is not the end. It just means it's time to begin a new journey. Finally, on behalf of all the graduate here, let me to extend our sincere wishes for our school and to our teachers. Thank you! 答案：第一句：In 后加 a 第二句：this→it 第三句：general→generally 第四句：good→better; had→have 第五句：to→for 第六句：whether→how 第七句：And→But 第九句：graduate→graduates; 去掉 extend 前的 to 第二节：书面表达(满分 25 分) 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 Peter 最近在某电视台举办的汉语演讲比赛中获 得了第一名，他给了你重要的人生启迪。请写信向他表示祝贺与感谢。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文： Dear Peter， Congratulations to you on your winning first place in the Chinese Speech Competition held recently. It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your Chinese study, because you have always been working hard and are never willing to give up. To be honest, what I admire most is your hard work and determination.It's from you that I have learned a valuable lesson, that is, “No pains, no gains.” Therefore, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for what you have taught me. Wish you more advance in your study! Yours， Li Hua