2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案设计（67页） 67页

‎2020届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Science and nature单元学案设计 单元话题阅读 The health problems about cloned animals，particularly those who appear healthy but have hidden illnesses or problems that appear unexpectedly later in life，have the potential to cause real risks to the safety of the food products from those animals.Ian Wilmut，a lead scientist involved in the creation of Dolly，the first cloned animal，has warned that even small imbalances in a clone’s hormone，protein，or fat levels could bring its milk or meat into danger.‎ As part of its risk assessment on animal cloning，the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) concluded that milk and meat from cloned animals and their offspring(后代) were as safe to eat as products from conventional animals.The FDA further announced that it would not require food products from cloned animals or their offspring to be labeled as such.‎ Consumer watchdog groups pointed out that the FDA’s analysis was based on limited data supplied mainly from the cloning companies themselves.In addition，while food safety is an obvious concern of consumers，it is not the only issue that makes people uncomfortable with animal cloning.For example，surveys indicate that 63 percent of consumers would not buy food from cloned animals even if it was labeled as “safe”．Concerns about the morality of cloning，as well as concerns for animal welfare，lead a big majority of people to oppose cloning animals for food.However，these issues were not considered by the FDA.Without labels to identify cloned foods，consumers who oppose animal cloning would be forced to make purchases against their principles without knowing.Consumers have the right to know how their food is produced so they can make informed decisions about what they buy and what they feed their families.‎ 根据上文判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．Ian Wilmut’s attitude towards food products from cloned animals is cautious.(　T　)‎ ‎2．From the last paragraph we can learn that most consumers didn’t believe what the FDA said.‎ ‎(　T　)‎ ‎3．The main idea of the text is about concerns for animal welfare.(　F　)‎ Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．clone　　　　　 A．vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 ‎2．exact B．n.意图，目的；企图 ‎3．intention C．vt.克隆；n.克隆出来的动物或植物 ‎4．anxiety D．n.忧虑，焦虑，不安 ‎5．adopt E．adj.精确的，准确的 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．legal A．n.胚胎 ‎7．embryo B．n.(生物的)组织；纸巾 ‎8．tissue C．n.怪物 ‎9．monster D．adj.法律许可的，合法的 ‎10．fellow E．n.男子，家伙；同事，同类 ‎ 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．crime A．vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)；n.收获；收成 ‎12．concept B．vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态 ‎13．transform C．n.结果，后果 ‎14．harvest D．n.概念；观念 ‎15．consequence E．n.罪，罪行 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．physician A．n.女售货员，女推销员 ‎17．reallife B．n.细胞；小隔间；电池 ‎18．cell C．n.山羊 ‎19．saleswoman D．adj.真实的，现实生活中的 ‎20．goat E．n.医师；内科医生 答案　16.E　17.D　18.B　19.A　20.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading ‎1．What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A．It is about the debate whether we should clone human beings among people.‎ B．Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells.‎ C．Ian Wilmut is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.‎ D．Opposite opinions of Pauline Carter and Colin Jake on the “The perfect copy”．‎ 答案　A ‎2．Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)．‎ ‎(1)Some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo，you can produce valuable human tissues.‎ ‎(　T　)‎ ‎(2)Cloning can produce an animal without using its cells.(　F　)‎ ‎(3)The scientist who created Dolly has already created a copy of human.(　F　)‎ ‎(4)Cloning can help those who are unable to have children.(　T　)‎ ‎(5)Cloning has created more diseases in the human world.(　F　)‎ Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1．When and where was the world’s first mammal Dolly cloned?‎ A．On Christmas Day 2001 in Japan.‎ B．In 1996 in Scotland.‎ C．In early 2003 in Scotland.‎ D．In 1996 in Italy.‎ 答案　B ‎2．Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the text?‎ A．Faye Wilson cannot give birth to a baby.‎ B．Cloning human beings is illegal and immoral in many countries.‎ C．In the future more and more diseases like cancer will be cured.‎ D．The first cloned human being will be created by Severino Antinori.‎ 答案　D ‎3．Pauline Carter disagrees with human cloning，because she thinks that .‎ A．human cloning is totally immoral B．it is difficult to predict the future if human beings are cloned C．human beings will use up the Earth’s resources D．all of the above 答案　D ‎4．Who else disagrees with human cloning except Pauline Carter?‎ A．Colin Jake.‎ B．Severino Antinori.‎ C．Ian Wilmut.‎ D．Faye Wilson.‎ 答案　C Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ With Dolly 1.cloned(clone) successfully from an adult cell，some other animals already 2.have been created(create)．Some scientists even have 3.the intention to clone humans and they are pushing ahead with research now,4.although/though it is not legal in many countries.China has succeeded in 5.producing(produce) clones of cows and goats.‎ Just 6.as the saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.” On the one hand，cloning can produce valuable human tissues and organs 7.to be used(use) in medical treatment.On the other hand，human cloning causes much 8.anxiety(anxious)．Some people say if we toy 9.with nature，we will have to deal with the 10.consequences(consequence)．‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．Ian Wilmut，the Scottish scientist who created Dolly，is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ Ian Wilmut，the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, ‎ ‎　主语　　　　　主语同位语　　　 定语从句 is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.‎ ‎　谓语　　　　　　　宾语从句 ‎[自主翻译]　克隆出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩•威尔莫特对于有些科学家现在正在考虑克隆人类感到非常震惊。‎ ‎2．Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety，it is good news for Faye Wilson，a 41yearold saleswoman who cannot have a baby.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety，‎ 让步状语从句 it is good news for Faye Wilson，a 41yearold saleswoman ‎ 　　　　　句子主干　　　　　　　　同位语 who cannot have a baby.‎ 定语从句 ‎[自主翻译]　尽管克隆人类正在引起很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁的女售货员费伊•威尔逊来说却是个好消息。‎ ‎3．I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby，but I would like to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[自主翻译]　我为那位不能生育的女士感到难过，但是我要指出的是世界上有许多没有父母的孩子，如果能有一位妈妈，他们一定会非常高兴的。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting(嫁接) is a common form of plant cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually.‎ Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants，so their yield(产量) is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster，limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With more yield at a faster rate，farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs.‎ Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune(免疫的) to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also，plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning.‎ Through cloning scientists can develop “super” fruits and vegetables of superior nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This is already being done through selective pollination(授粉)，and genetic cloning could take it to the next level.‎ By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases，but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning，there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation(繁衍) of the human species.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲了克隆植物的好处：增加农作物产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量等。‎ ‎1．The underlined word “optimized” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “ ”．‎ A．enlarged B．produced C．perfected D．examined 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中该词后面的“farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available”可知，个体种植者可以有最好的种子使用，故猜测该词义为“使最优化”。‎ ‎2．According to the text，cloned plants .‎ A．have lower yield than normal plants B．have a short growth cycle C．resist various kinds of diseases D．need little care from people 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，克隆植物繁殖快，从种植到收获的间隔时间短，也就是生长周期短。‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．The fruits produced by cloned plants taste much better.‎ B．There are more cloned plants than normal plants.‎ C．Plant cloning can disturb the laws of nature.‎ D．People should avoid eating cloned fruits.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，克隆植物会造出完全一样的植物，它们也可能会患上同样的疾病。这与自然界中适者生存的法则是相反的，所以说克隆植物可能会扰乱自然法则。‎ ‎4．What is the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To warn the negative effects of plant cloning.‎ B．To present different kinds of plant cloning.‎ C．To predict the future of plant cloning.‎ D．To inform us about the advantages of plant cloning.‎ 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据各段的段首句可知，本文主要讲了克隆植物的好处：增加农作物的产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量和利于人类的繁衍等。‎ B The future home is something that people have talked about for decades. Because the future home idea inspires our imagination，scientists and engineers have been working hard to develop different systems to make houses “smarter”．‎ The video camera at the entrance recognizes visitors using facial recognition software. The facial recognition software of the future home will not only recognize friends，but strangers as well. And the software in your future home will run the strangers’ faces against a database of criminals.‎ The future home will also have smart appliances(家电) as well. There will be a vast networking system connecting them. Ovens，microwaves and refrigerators will be controlled automatically(自动地)，so remote cooking will be a possibility and meals are prepared for your arrival.‎ There will also be green systems in place such as saving and reusing wash water and bath water. Plants and people may receive pure or mineralized drinking water.‎ If you think this future home idea is pie in the sky or science fiction，then think again. Most of the systems described here are either in development or already out at the market. Future homes may not be standard yet for the middle class but this isn’t as far ahead as many people would think.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。讲述了未来家庭的巨大变化。‎ ‎5．What can the facial recognition software be used for in future homes?‎ A．Greeting friends.‎ B．Collecting visitors’ information.‎ C．Recognizing visitors.‎ D．Following dangerous criminals.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，大门口的摄像机使用面部识别软件识别访问者。它不仅能识别朋友，还能识别陌生人。故选C项。‎ ‎6．Which of the following indicates the future house is environmentfriendly?‎ A．Facial recognition software.‎ B．Remote cooking.‎ C．Smart refrigerators.‎ D．Saving and reusing water.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，未来家庭里还会有绿色系统，例如节约和重复使用洗涤水和洗澡水。故选D项。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “standard” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Attractive. B．Common.‎ C．Special. D．Excellent.‎ 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线单词后的内容“...but this isn’t as far ahead as many people would think.”可知，未来家庭并不像许多人想象的那么超前，据此推断，standard应为“普通的”之意。故选B项。‎ ‎8．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Smart Future Home B．A Smart Networking System C．Software in Future Home D．Various Household Appliances 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章首段可知，未来的家是人们几十年来谈论的东西。科学家和工程师们一直在努力开发不同的系统以便使居室变得“更智能”。文章接下来列举了几款使居室变得“更智能”的科技设施。故A项应为文章的最佳标题。 ‎ C In 2001，scientists at Texas A&M University successfully cloned a cat for the first time，but this copy cat is no mirror image of the original. Copy Cat(CC) was the first cat ever cloned. In 2001，researchers at Texas A&M University created the clone from ‎ the DNA of a calico cat(三色猫) named Rainbow after a failed attempt at cloning a dog.‎ Interestingly，Rainbow and Copy Cat are different in many ways. Rainbow’s coat is brown and white，while CC’s is gray and white; Rainbow is shy，but CC is outgoing and curious.‎ The differences in the two cats indicate that identical DNA won’t necessarily create similar appearances or personalities because there are many other factors that contribute to both surface characteristics and temperament(性情)．‎ CC has since gone on to have three healthy kittens via the natural method，and the research that led to her creation became the foundation for a Californiabased pet cloning company called Genetic Savings & Clone，Inc.‎ However，the cat cloning project caused criticism from animal welfare groups，which pointed out that millions of cats were killed in shelters each year due to pet overpopulation. They argued that the large sums of money spent on creating more cats could be put to better use providing homes for strays.‎ There are also objections to the cloning process itself. Many people consider cloning cruel，as it is a process that can lead to deformities and other problems，which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation.‎ Much to the delight of animal welfare advocates，after cloning five cats in total，Genetic Savings & Clone shut down in 2006.The reason for the company’s close was its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是克隆猫所带来的令人惊讶的结果以及大众对它的看法。‎ ‎9．What is the best title of the passage?‎ A．Cloned Cats—A Surprising Development of Technology B．Cloned Cats—Cloning Produces Surprising Results C．Cloned Cats—A Cruel Research in Science D．Cloned Cats—A Project Caused Criticism 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。文章讲述了克隆猫在性格和外观上都与母本有所不同，这是比较鲜明的特点，因此文章的标题应该体现这一点，故选B。‎ ‎10．Which of the following about CC is TRUE?‎ A．The researchers failed in cloning it in 2001.‎ B．Its fur is brown and white as the calico cat.‎ C．It is outgoing and curious as Rainbow.‎ D．It doesn’t have similar personalities as Rainbow.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The differences in the two cats indicate that identical DNA won’t necessarily create similar appearances or personalities”即可判断答案。‎ ‎11．Which of the following can replace the underlined word in the 6th paragraph?‎ A．Criticism.‎ B．Waste of money.‎ C．Disability.‎ D．Overpopulation.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“cruel，other problems”和“which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation”可判断许多人认为克隆是残酷的，且可能造成残疾等许多问题，因此画线词指的是身体上的残疾。‎ ‎12．The reason for the company’s demise is that cloning is .‎ A．a waste of money B．cruel sometimes C．inaccessible to most people D．affordable to consumers 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“...its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.”可判断答案。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 The Benefits of Keeping a Journal ‎ If you want to grow，one important thing you should do is keeping a journal.It may seem simple，but it can make a big difference in your life.I have been keeping journals for years.Writing all the lessons I learn and all the ideas I get has become a habit for me. 13 Here are some benefits you will get by keeping a journal.‎ ‎•It prevents you from losing an idea.Have you ever gotten an idea and lost it later because you didn’t write it down? 14 But then I developed the habit of writing down every idea that came into my mind as soon as possible.If I am away from my computer，I usually write it down on a piece of paper that I bring wherever I go.I will then transfer the idea to the journal in my computer.‎ ‎•It helps you review all the lessons you’ve learned. By reviewing your journal，you can quickly see the lessons you’ve learned and the ideas you’ve gotten. 15 You can use the ideas to propel yourself forward.‎ ‎• 16 After keeping a journal for years，you can look back at it and see how far you’ve gone. Things that were big problems in the past might seem small today. The raw ideas you had in the past have been realized today.‎ ‎•It helps you expand your ideas. When you try to come up with a sentence to express an idea，you are thinking actively about it. 17 In the end，you will expand your ideas.‎ A．I often experienced that myself.‎ B．It trains you to express your thoughts.‎ C．It allows you to see your progress over time.‎ D．Just use whatever tool you feel comfortable with.‎ E．Thinking actively helps you connect your idea to another idea.‎ F．And to be honest，I can’t imagine what my life would be like without it.‎ G．Then you can do whatever necessary to avoid repeating the same mistakes.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了记日记的几个好处。‎ ‎13．答案　F 解析　空前的句子说明了记日记对于作者的重要性。空后的几段列举了记日记的种种好处。故F项与此空吻合。‎ ‎14．答案　A 解析　上文说的是，因为没有及时记下来，所以让一个好主意被忘掉了，下文应该是说，作者经常经历这样的事情，以此说明记日记的好处。故填A项。‎ ‎15．答案　G 解析　上一句话“By reviewing your journal，you can quickly see the lessons you’ve learned and the ideas you’ve got.”可知，此处应该说的是记日记的另一个好处：避免犯同样的错误，与G项吻合。‎ ‎16．答案　C 解析　根据空后的“After keeping a journal for years，you can look back at it and see how far you’ve gone.”可知，记了多年的日记，你可以回顾一下，看看自己走了多远，也就是进步了多少，与C项吻合。‎ ‎17．答案　E 解析　根据空前一句和空后的“In the end，you will expand your ideas.”可知，E项中的“Thinking actively”是上一句的原词复现。故E项符合上下文语境。‎ Period Two　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎1．clone vt.克隆；n.克隆出来的动物或植物 ‎2．embryo n．胚胎 ‎3．tissue n．(生物的)组织；纸巾 ‎4．reallife adj.真实的，现实生活中的 ‎5．monster n．怪物 ‎6．cell n．细胞；小隔间；电池 ‎7．saleswoman n．女售货员，女推销员 ‎8．Italian n．意大利人；意大利语；adj.意大利的 ‎9．physician n．医师；内科医生 ‎10．goat n．山羊 ‎11．consequence n．结果，后果 ‎12．harvest n．收获；收成；vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)‎ ‎13．concept n．概念；观念 ‎14．crime n．罪，罪行 ‎15．fellow n．男子，家伙；同事，同类 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16. exact adj.精确的，准确的 ‎17．mammal n．哺乳动物 ‎18．intention n．意图，目的；企图→intend v．打算，计划；想要 ‎19．anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的 ‎20．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 ‎21．legal adj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal(反义词) adj.非法的 ‎22．transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态→transformation n．变化，转化 ‎23．debate n．&vi.辩论；争论，讨论 ‎24．greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的 ‎25．belief n．看法；信念 ‎26．operate vt.&vi.经营；动手术 ‎27．willing adj.愿意的，乐意的 ‎28. arrest vt.&n.逮捕 ‎29. impress vt.使印象深刻 ‎30．measure vt.测量；估量，判定 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……‎ ‎32．point out指出 ‎33．toy with戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏 ‎34．on one’s way to doing sth.某事即将发生 ‎35．lead to导致 ‎36．in general一般来说，总体而言 ‎37．concentrate on全神贯注于 ‎38．push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进 ‎39．for sale供出售，待销售 ‎40．in agreement with同意 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎41．The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.‎ 第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。‎ ‎42．Ian Wilmut，the Scottish scientist who created Dolly，is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.‎ 克隆出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩•威尔莫特对于有些科学家现在正在考虑克隆人类感到非常震惊。‎ ‎43．Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety，it is good news for Faye Wilson，a 41yearold saleswoman who cannot have a baby.‎ 尽管克隆人类正在引起很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁的女售货员费伊•威尔逊来说却是个好消息。‎ ‎44．I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the chance，I would have a cloned baby right now.‎ 我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。‎ ‎45．While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.‎ 尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法，但一些科学家正在加紧研究，以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ On the one hand，some scientists point out that...On the other hand，many people，including some scientists，disagree and are afraid that...‎ 一方面，一些科学家指出……另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见，他们担心……‎ on the one hand...，on the other hand...一方面……，另一方面……‎ ‎※on the one hand...on the other hand...通常用于引出不同的甚至是对立的观点或 理由，有时on the other hand 可单独使用。‎ ‎※at hand在手边，在附近 by hand用手，手工的 hand in hand手拉手；联合；密切关联 ‎(1)On the one hand，we have to develop the economy，but on the other hand，we should be concerned about the environment.一方面，我们得发展经济，但另一方面，我们应该关心环境。‎ ‎(2)There is no need to worry，for help is at hand.‎ 没必要担心，因为援助近在咫尺。‎ ‎(3)Music and human emotions go hand in hand.‎ 音乐和人的情感是密切相关的。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The man moved the huge stone by his hand.‎ ‎ ...，if mankind toys with nature in this way， we may be on our way to producing a reallife Frankenstein’s monster.‎ 如果用这种方式戏弄自然，我们可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。‎ toy with戏弄；摆弄；不太认真地考虑，把……当作儿戏 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中toy with的汉语意思 ‎(1)Children today would rather toy with smart cellphones.摆弄 ‎(2)It must be pointed out that if we toy with nature，we will bear the consequence.戏弄 ‎(3)I’ve been toying with the idea of cutting back on the production.不太认真地考虑 ‎ Cloning is producing an exact copy of a plant or an animal using its cells.克隆是用某种植物或动物的细胞制造出一模一样的植物或动物。‎ exact adj.确切的，准确的，精确的 ‎※to be exact确切地说 ‎※exactly speaking确切地说 not exactly不完全是 ‎(1)The exact number of whiteflag dolphins surviving in the Yangtze River is unknown.‎ 我们不知道长江中幸存的白鳍豚的确切数量。‎ ‎(2)—It is said that your grandma was very cautious.‎ ‎—Not exactly.She was more sensitive than cautious.‎ ‎——据说你的奶奶非常谨慎。‎ ‎——不完全是这样。与其说是谨慎，不如说她敏感。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)确切地说，去年人口增长了百分之十。‎ ‎①To be exact，the population increased by 10% last year.(exact)‎ ‎②Exactly speaking，the population increased by 10% last year.(exactly)‎ ‎ When she was born，many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world.当她被克隆出来的时候，许多人担心克隆会导致动物世界中更多的疾病。‎ lead to导致；通向 lead/live a/an...life过着……的生活 lead into引发，引起；通向 lead to (sb.)doing sth.导致(某人)做某事 lead sb.to do sth.带领某人做某事；导致某人做某事 ‎(1)False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.(2018•天津)‎ 虚报火警是非法的，可能会导致坐牢。‎ ‎(2)We have led a very quiet life since Ralph retired.‎ 自从拉尔夫退休后，我们过着非常平静的生活。‎ ‎(3)That is a narrow path leading into the tower.‎ 那是通往那个塔的很窄的一条路。‎ ‎(4)What was it that led him to get(get) so angry?‎ 是什么使得他那么生气？‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)All the evidence led to his ∧being caught by the policemen.‎ ‎[温馨提示]　lead to中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，而不接动词原形。像这样的短语还有：be/get used to习惯于；pay attention to注意；prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁愿做某事而不做某事；devote oneself to致力于；look forward to期望；object to反对；get down to开始着手；belong to属于；refer to谈到，涉及到；point to指向；turn to向……求助；stick/hold/keep to坚持；see to处理，料理；come to共计，苏醒；reply/respond to回复；add to增添；attend to处理，专心，照料；contribute to有助于。‎ ‎ Although he researches cloning，his intention has never been to create copies of humans.尽管他研究克隆技术，但是他的目的从来就不是制造人类的复制品。‎ intention n．意图，目的；企图，打算 ‎※with the intention of有……的打算/目的 have no intention of doing sth.＝have no intention to do sth.无意做某事 without intention无意地，不是故意地 by intention故意地 ‎※intend v．打算，计划；想要 intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 intend that...计划……；打算……(从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)‎ ‎※be intended for...为……而打算/设计；旨在 be intended to do...打算做……‎ ‎(1)Have you heard of her intention to leave the company?‎ 你听说她离开公司的打算了吗？‎ ‎(2)The book is intended for children，you can buy one for your little son.‎ 这本书是为儿童写的，你可以给你的儿子买一本。‎ ‎(3)I intend that you (should) be invited by them.‎ 我打算让他们邀请你。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)他决定出国学习，因为他想提高英语水平。‎ ‎①He has decided to go abroad to study，for he intends to improve/improving his English.(intend)‎ ‎②He has decided to go abroad to study with the intention of improving his English.(intention)‎ ‎ Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety，it is good news for Faye Wilson，...‎ 尽管克隆人类正在引起很多担忧，但是这对费伊•威尔逊来说却是个好消息，……‎ anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑，不安；渴望 ‎※anxiety about/over...对……的忧虑，因……产生的不安 anxiety for...对……的渴望 anxiety to do...对做……的渴望 ‎※anxious adj.焦虑的，挂念的；渴望的 be anxious about/for担心/挂念……；渴望得到……‎ be anxious to do sth./that...渴望做某事/渴望……‎ ‎※anxiously adv.焦急地，忧虑地 ‎(1)The teacher praised him for his anxiety for knowledge.老师称赞了他的求知欲。‎ ‎(2)Her anxiety about/over the science test increased as it grew nearer.‎ 随着科学考试的日益临近，她愈发忧虑起来。‎ ‎(3)As they headed toward their teens，they became increasingly anxious online.(2018•江苏)‎ 随着年龄的增长，他们越来越渴望上网。‎ ‎(4)Whenever I hear some natural disasters happen in our country，I am anxious to participate(participate) in the rescue work.无论何时我听到我们国家发生了自然灾害，我都急切想要参与到救援工作中。‎ ‎(5)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.(2018•天津)‎ 我焦急地爬上床，梦想着在这座神奇的山顶上会发现的东西。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(6)As the chairman was anxious for a quick decision，he called for a vote.‎ ‎→Anxious for a quick decision，the chairman called for a vote.(改为简单句)‎ ‎[温馨提示]　anxiety后面跟that 引导的同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎ I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the chance，I would have a cloned baby right now.‎ 我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。‎ adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 ‎※adopt a method/an idea采用方法，采纳建议 adopt...as...收养……为……‎ ‎※adoption n．收养，领养；采用 ‎※adopted adj.被收养的 be adopted from选自，取自 be adopted into被……所收养 ‎[图解助记]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)The three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.‎ 这三个队采用了不同的方法来解决这个问题。‎ ‎(2)She was forced to have her baby adopted.‎ 她被迫把婴儿送给别人收养。‎ ‎(3)We argued her into the adoption(adopt) of the plan.‎ 我们说服她采用这个计划。‎ ‎(4)The adopted(adopt) child has the right to see his birth certificate.这个被收养的孩子有权看他的出生证明。‎ ‎[误区释疑]‎ adopt与adapt仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们含义上的区别：adopt采用，采纳，收养；adapt改编，使适应。‎ ‎[选词填空]　adopt，adapt ‎(5)The Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.‎ ‎(6)It is said that the film is adapted from a short story.‎ ‎ While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.‎ 尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法，但一些科学家正在加紧研究，以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。‎ push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进 look ahead计划未来，预测未来 go ahead开始，用吧；前进 get ahead of胜过，超过 be ahead of占优势，优于 ahead of time提前 ‎(1)To deliver “Chinese dream”， we need to push ahead with reforms and make sure of economic growth and people’s wellbeing.‎ 为了实现“中国梦”，我们需要努力推进改革并确保经济增长和人民幸福。‎ ‎(2)At the very beginning，he got ahead of the other runners.在刚刚开始时，他领先于其他的选手。‎ ‎(3)I thought we’d be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time.‎ 我原以为我们去音乐会会迟到，结果却提前到了那里。‎ ‎ If we toy with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.‎ 如果我们戏弄自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。‎ consequence n．结果，后果 ‎※in consequence(＝as a consequence＝consequently)因而，结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 ‎※consequent adj.随之发生的，作为结果的 ‎※consequently adv.结果 ‎(1)She was found guilty，and lost her job as a consequence of/in consequence of it.‎ 她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。‎ ‎(2)She studied hard，and in consequence/as a consequence/consequently she passed the examination.‎ 她努力学习，结果通过了考试。‎ ‎(3)He had been ill for a long time and consequently(consequent) he was left behind in his work.‎ 他生病很长时间了，结果他的功课落下了。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)由于下雨，网球赛延期了。‎ ‎①As a result of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.(result)‎ ‎②In consequence of/As a consequence of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.(consequence)‎ ‎ I am in complete agreement with human cloning.‎ 我完全赞同克隆人类。‎ in agreement with同意；意见一致 ‎※reach/arrive at/come to an agreement on sth.就某事达成一致 make an agreement with sb.about sth.就某事和某人达成一致 ‎※agree with sb.同意某人(说的话)‎ agree on就……达成一致 ‎(1)Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ 一些学校将不得不做出调整，以便和国家足球改革保持一致。‎ ‎(2)The two sides failed to reach/arrive at/come to an agreement on it.‎ 双方未能就此达成一致。‎ ‎(3)We couldn’t agree on when to meet.‎ 关于何时见面，我们未能达成一致意见。‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(4)I agree with you on this issue.‎ ‎→I am in agreement with you on this issue.‎ ‎ On a personal note，cloning would totally transform my life.就我个人而言，克隆将会完全改变我的生活。‎ transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态 ‎※transform/change...into...把……变成……‎ transform...from...into...把……从……转变成……‎ ‎※transformation n．(彻底)改变，改观 ‎(1)A little paint will transform this old car.‎ 喷点漆就能让这辆旧车变个模样。‎ ‎(2)Heat can transform water into steam.‎ 热能使水变为蒸汽。‎ ‎[高级表达]‎ ‎(3)After the room was transformed into a small shop，it was in better use.‎ ‎→Transformed into a small shop，the room was in better use.(用非谓语动词改写)‎ 经典句式 ‎ The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。‎ 句中不定式短语to be cloned...作后置定语，修饰the first mammal。‎ 用不定式作定语的几种情况：‎ ‎※用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，no，all，any等不定代词限定的中心词。‎ ‎※用来修饰某些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，promise，way，opportunity，right，attempt，time等。‎ ‎※表示将来的动作。‎ ‎(1)You’ll have the opportunity to ask(ask) any questions at the end of the meeting.‎ 会议快结束时，你们将有机会提问任何问题。‎ ‎(2)A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live(live) for a long time without water.‎ 骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。‎ ‎(3)I’m going to Beijing next week.Do you have anything to be taken(take) to your son? ‎ 我下周要去北京。你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(4)Tu Youyou is the first Chinese who wins the Nobel Prize in Medicine.‎ ‎→Tu Youyou is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.‎ ‎ I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the chance，I would have a cloned baby right now.‎ 我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。‎ ‎※这句话中使用了虚拟语气。虚拟语气常用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。‎ ‎※if引导的虚拟条件句的规律是把时态往前推一步，即用一般过去时(be动词用were)代替一般现在时；用过去完成时代替一般过去时；用过去将来时代替一般将来时。‎ If 条件从句 主句 现在 did/were would/should/could/might＋do 过去 had done would/should/could/might＋have done 将来 did/should do/were to do would/should/could/might＋do ‎ (1)If I had time，I would attend the meeting.‎ 如果我有时间，我一定去参加会议。‎ ‎(2)If you had taken(take) my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.‎ 如果你接受了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。‎ ‎(3)If you came/should come/were to come(come) tomorrow，we would have the meeting.‎ 如果明天你能来，我们就开会。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Technology is important.But what willwould happen if we lost control of it？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．If I had taken her advice，I would live(live) an easier life now.‎ ‎2．He caused his parents great anxiety(anxious) by cycling long distance alone.‎ ‎3．Although/Though he had only practiced the part a few times，he did it successfully beyond expectation.‎ ‎4．Many college graduates go to America with the intention(intend) of getting better jobs.‎ ‎5．In general，boys do a little better than girls in this field.‎ ‎6．Having no children of their own，they adopted(adopt) an orphan the other day.‎ ‎7．A lot of students often surf the Internet；as a consequence，they often fail to finish their homework on time.‎ ‎8．Turn off the TV，so you can concentrate on your homework.‎ ‎9．The man talked there as if he had been(be) to every corner of the world.‎ ‎10．At the end of their meeting，it was announced that an agreement had been reached.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．Practice is the only way to learn a language well.‎ 实践是学好一门语言的唯一途径。‎ ‎12．I have been living in Hawaii for ten years.‎ 十年来我一直在夏威夷生活。‎ ‎13．You can make yourself understood using body languages.‎ 你可以使用肢体语言，让别人理解你的意思。‎ ‎14．I think it easy to speak Chinese.‎ 我认为说汉语很简单。‎ ‎15．If I were there，I would/should/could/might visit the old man.‎ 如果我在那儿，我就会去看望这位老人。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Any kind of energy can be transformed(改变) into electricity.‎ ‎2．A lot of parents were waiting with anxiety(紧张) outside the school gate.‎ ‎3．His parents were killed in the accident and later he was adopted(收养) by an old man.‎ ‎4．I came with the intention(意图) of staying，but now I’ve decided to leave.‎ ‎5．She is ill and I can not start in consequence(结果)．‎ ‎6．No one could have noticed the exact(确切的) time of his death.‎ ‎7．Contrary to some of the reports that you see，the crime(犯罪) rate along the border is down.‎ ‎8．Should it rain next week，the farmers would have a good harvest(收成)．‎ ‎9．He has consulted the physician(内科医生) about his health.‎ ‎10．The music industry will welcome any legal(合法的) service which promotes the sale of music.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 point out，toy with，lead to，push ahead with，for sale ‎11．Too much work and too little rest will lead to illness.‎ ‎12．The officer pointed out that the story was hard to believe.‎ ‎13．The government will push ahead with housing reform to decrease the common people’s increasing anxiety about the high housing price.‎ ‎14．In order to pay off his debt，he put up his car for sale last week.‎ ‎15．She hardly ate a thing，just toyed with a piece of cheese on her plate.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎16．On the other hand，we students have to do masses of homework both at home and at school.‎ ‎17．I believe the position is exactly(exact) the one that I have been looking for.‎ ‎18．I didn’t intend her to see(see) the painting until it was finished.‎ ‎19．I do understand the people’s anxiety for the war to end.‎ ‎20．With the development of science，more and more new technology is being adopted(adopt)．‎ ‎21．The doctors were operating on/upon her at the time.‎ ‎22．One candidate in particular impressed us with her knowledge.‎ ‎23．The government has taken some measures to fight(fight) against the haze recently.‎ ‎24．If he had come(come) here yesterday，he would have seen his old friend.‎ ‎25．Wang Yaping is the first Chinese to teach(teach) in space.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎26．The boy who was adopted by this old man was very hardworking.‎ ‎→The boy adopted by this old man was very hardworking.‎ ‎27．The young girl set up a group，intending to help those in need.‎ ‎→The young girl set up a group with the intention of helping those in need.‎ ‎28．He was often late for work.As a result，he was fired by his boss.‎ ‎→He was often late for work.As a consequence，he was fired by his boss.‎ ‎29．To be honest，I agree with what you have said completely.‎ ‎→To be honest，I am in agreement with what you have said completely.‎ ‎30．I arrived there late，so I didn’t see that famous professor.‎ ‎→If I had arrived there earlier，I would have seen that famous professor.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•广东茂名一模)‎ Have you ever lost your car on a parking lot? It happens.You park and go shopping.When you get back，you have no idea where your car is.It can be ‎ discouraging.‎ You don’t need to install(安装) an expensive GPS system to keep track of your car.That’s too expensive.You would need to pay a monthly subscription fee just to use it.But is there a way to track your vehicle without spending a fortune？Yes，now there is！A Californiabased startup company was able to make this a reality.They created a tiny device(装置)that works with your smartphone，and it could be exactly what you’re looking for! It’s called TrackR Bravo.It’s changing the way we keep track of the important things in our lives.‎ Install the free TrackR app on your smartphone，connect the app to your device and you’re ready to go! Simply attach TrackR to whatever you want to keep an eye on.The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less.You can attach it to your keys，wallet and anything else you don’t want to lose.Then use the TrackR app to find where your missing items are in seconds.‎ Forget expensive GPS systems or tracking services.Nobody wants to pay expensive monthly subscription fees.We understand how stressful these things can be，and this is the reason why the company created TrackR.This device is your VIP when you need to take care of important things.‎ If you forget where you park your car，take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app.Tap on the “lost item” sign on the screen and the app will tell you the exact location.This device is by no means expensive.TrackR only costs 29，a small price to pay for peace of mind.The device is small enough that you can attach it to your pets.Put it on their collar，and you will never lose track of them! Attach it to your key or wallet，and never waste a minute rummaging the whole house for it.‎ Since you’ve been informed about this brilliant invention，now attach it to everything that’s important to you.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了一个新的发明——TrackR，它可以帮助你找到丢失的东西。‎ ‎31．Why does the author mention the lost car in the first paragraph?‎ A．To explain how terrible the situation is.‎ B．To stress the importance of being cautious.‎ C．To lead to the topic concerning finding lost items.‎ D．To provide one common example about theft.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段及后文所讲的内容可知，提到丢失的汽车是为了引出寻找丢失物品的话题。故选C。‎ ‎32．What’s the feature of the TrackR app?‎ A．The process of setting up the app is complex.‎ B．The cost of setting up the app is rather high.‎ C．The app is available in any electronic equipment.‎ D．The app helps locate the lost items in a short time.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Then use the TrackR app to find where your missing item are in seconds.”可知，这个应用程序可以帮助在短时间内找到丢失的物品。故选D。‎ ‎33．The TrackR was created because .‎ A．life is full of all kinds of pressure B．tracking services cause financial burden C．people want to keep their important items safe D．GPS systems can not provide specific location 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，发明TrackR的原因是跟踪服务造成了财政负担。故选B。‎ ‎34．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “rummaging” in Paragraph 5?‎ A．Searching. B．Destroying.‎ C．Cleaning. D．Moving.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段的最后三句可知，这个装置足够小，你可以把它放在宠物身上、钥匙或钱包上，这样当这些物品丢失的时候，你可以通过这个装置轻易地找到它们而不用费力翻遍整个房间来寻找。所以画线词在此处的意思是“搜寻”，故选A。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 It is proved that a young scientist named Will Smith has invented a kind of advanced and intelligent robot.The small robot may help children who are 35 from a longterm illness in hospital or at home.‎ Whoever has had a longterm illness knows that recovering at home can be 36 ，as everyone can’t keep them 37 ，especially when their family go out to work.These children may feel 38 from their friends and classmates，which can be particularly 39 of children.They may feel 40 .Now these children may have a hightech friend to help 41 the sense of loneliness.The friend is a robot，which takes their 42 at school.Through the robot，the children can 43 teachers and classmates.They 44 participate in class from 45 they are recovering.Mr Smith，the inventor 46 how it works.He says the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot.Then the 47 uses the same device to control the robot’s movements at school，the robot becomes the ears and 48 of the child，so that he or she can take part in classroom activities— 49 he or she is at home or from a hospital bed.The robot is 50 with microphones that make 51 easy.It will become 52 to the public，for not only does it look simply cool but people can afford it. 53 ，it will help some children feel 54 lonely while they are absent from class.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型的智能机器人，它可以帮助处于康复期的儿童参与学校课堂。‎ ‎35．A.suffering B．recovering C．escaping D．varying 答案　B 解析　根据第二段的第一句“Whoever has had a longterm illness knows that recovering at home...”可知，此款机器人可以帮助康复期间的孩子。recover恢复，康复。故选B。‎ ‎36．A.lonely B．frustrating C．painful D．desperate 答案　A 解析　根据下一句“...especially when their family go out to work.”以及下文的“the sense of loneliness”可知，这些孩子会感到孤独。lonely孤独的。故选A。‎ ‎37．A.secret B．harmony C．watch D．company 答案　D 解析　根据下一句“when their family go out to work”可知，不是每个人都能陪伴康复期的孩子。keep sb.company陪伴某人。故选D。‎ ‎38．A.tired B．free C．separate D．banned 答案　C 解析　根据上句可知，孩子们待在家里，没有人陪伴就会觉得自己和同学们或者朋友们分离了，孩子们往往如此。separate分离的。故选C。‎ ‎39．A.true B．simple C．meaningful D．right 答案　A 解析　参考上题解析。be true of对……适用，符合于。故选A。‎ ‎40．A.picked out B．taken in C．left out D．broken down 答案　C 解析　根据上两句可知，孩子们可能觉得自己被忽略了。feel left out觉得被冷落/忽视。故选C。‎ ‎41．A.promote B．reduce C．improve D．form 答案　B 解析　句意为：现在这些孩子们可能有个高科技的朋友来帮助他们减少孤独感。reduce减少。故选B。‎ ‎42．A.turn B．chance C．place D．order 答案　C 解析　这里的意思是“机器人可以代替孩子去上学”。take one’s place 代替某人。故选C。‎ ‎43．A.hear B．see C．feel D．smell 答案　A 解析　根据文中的the ears以及microphones可知，通过机器人，孩子们可以听到老师和同学们说话。hear听到。故选A。‎ ‎44．A.still B．even C．ever D．just 答案　B 解析　根据上一句，孩子们可以听到老师和同学们说话，甚至还能参与课堂活动。even甚至，表示程度更进一步。故选B。‎ ‎45．A.wherever B．how C．whenever D．why 答案　A 解析　根据第一段最后一句中的“in hospital or at home”可知，无论在哪里，这些孩子都可以通过机器人参与课堂。wherever无论哪里。故选A。‎ ‎46．A.analyses B．stresses C．defends D．explains 答案　D 解析　下文是介绍如何操作机器人，因此发明者解释操作方法。explain解释。故选D。‎ ‎47．A.child B．robot C．teacher D．parent 答案　A 解析　根据上句“He says the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot.(他说孩子使用平板或者手机来启动机器人。)”可知，此处意为：孩子使用同样的设备来操纵机器人。故选A。‎ ‎48．A.hands B．mouth C．eyes D．feet 答案　B 解析　根据上文的the ears以及下文的“so that he or she can take part in classroom activities”可知，这款机器人是通过声音传递信息的，所以机器人成为孩子的耳朵和嘴巴去帮助孩子参与课堂。mouth嘴巴。故选B。‎ ‎49．A.until B．unless C．whether D．since 答案　C 解析　这里是whether...or的结构，表示无论在家还是在医院。故选C。‎ ‎50．A.equipped B．decorated C．occupied D．covered 答案　A 解析　根据microphones可知，此设备是被配备在机器人上的。be equipped with装备，配备。故选A。‎ ‎51．A.movements B．communicating C．attendance D．understanding 答案　B 解析　很明显，机器人配备麦克风是为了使交流更容易。communicating交流。故选B。‎ ‎52．A.reliable B．avoidable C．flexible D．available 答案　D 解析　根据下一句“not only does it look simply cool but people can afford it(它不仅看起来相当酷，而且人们都能买得起)”可知，这款机器人很快就会向公众开放。available可用的，可获得的。故选D。‎ ‎53．A.Surprisingly B．Hopefully C．Strangely D．Increasingly 答案　B 解析　这款机器人有望帮助康复期的孩子们减少孤独。hopefully有希望地。故选B。‎ ‎54．A.less B．extremely C．more D．slightly 答案　A 解析　根据语境可知，这款机器人在一些孩子缺课时会帮助他们，使他们不那么孤独。less更少的。故选A。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 Nowadays，it is common 55. more and more high school students open their own microblogs on the Internet.For one thing，it can provide a colorful platform to show their talent.For another，it is a useful way 56. (release) their pressure.And all these make it more and more popular with high school students.But many parents and teachers hold a different view.They think that managing one’s microblog will take a lot of time and energy,57. should be used to study.‎ In my view，I am 58. (great) in favor of this activity.Today the Internet is playing 59. important role in our life.Therefore，as high school students of the Information Age，we need to learn to make use of this 60. (value) tool to communicate.What’s more，opening and organizing microblogs need various 61. (ability) such as writing，designing，being skillful at computer and so on.As a result，we improve ourselves while 62. (organize) our microblogs.‎ In fact，microblog 63. (it) is of little harm.It is your attitude towards it that 64. (matter)．We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects.‎ 语篇解读　本文讨论了高中生开微博这一现象的利与弊。‎ ‎55．答案　that 解析　考查主语从句。句意为：当今，越来越多的高中生在互联网上开设自己的微博，这是很普遍的。此处it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。故填that。‎ ‎56．答案　to release 解析　考查非谓语动词。the way to do sth.做某事的方法。此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故填to release。‎ ‎57．答案　which 解析　考查非限制性定语从句。此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面提到的 a lot of time and energy，且在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎58．答案　greatly 解析　考查副词。此处修饰谓语be in favor of，故用副词形式。‎ ‎59．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。play a part/role in为固定搭配，表示“在……中起作用”，又因为important的第一个音素为元音，故前面应该用an。‎ ‎60．答案　valuable 解析　考查形容词。此处需要用形容词修饰名词tool，故用valuable。‎ ‎61．答案　abilities 解析　考查名词的单复数。由空后的内容可知，此处指不同的能力，故用复数形式。‎ ‎62．答案　organizing 解析　考查状语从句的省略。此处while后面省略了organize的逻辑主语we以及be动词，表示“当……在做某事时”，补充完整为while we are organizing...，故填organizing。‎ ‎63．答案　itself 解析　考查代词。句意为：事实上，微博本身几乎没有害处。故应该用第三人称反身代词itself。‎ ‎64．答案　matters 解析　考查动词的时态。句意为：重要的是你对它的态度。此句是强调句式，由前半句中的is可知，此处用一般现在时态，故填matters。‎ Period Three　Word Power & Grammar and usage & Task ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ In my opinion，tight laws should be put in place to make cloning human beings illegal.‎ 在我看来，应当实施严格的法律，使得克隆人类是非法的。‎ put...in place准备就绪，布置妥当；把……放回原处 in place在适当的位置 out of place不在恰当的位置，不合时宜 take the place of代替……；取代……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)After you read the book，please put it in place.‎ 看完书之后，请你把它放回原处。‎ ‎(2)It was out of place for you to laugh at that time.‎ 你在那个时候笑是不合时宜的。‎ ‎(3)Here is a book to take the place of the one I lost.‎ 这儿有本书可替代我丢失的那一本。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Injured in hand，the man found it difficult to hold the box in the place.‎ ‎ He told me he had had a breakthrough.他告诉我他取得了一个突破。‎ breakthrough n．(知识或技术领域的)突破，重大进展 ‎※have/make/achieve a breakthrough取得突破 ‎※break through突破 break down(身体)垮掉；(机器)出故障；(车辆等)抛锚；(谈判)破裂 break out(战争等)爆发 break up 分手；分解 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)To our joy，there are so many breakthroughs in science and technology all over the world in recent years.‎ 使我们高兴的是，最近几年全世界在科学和技术方面有那么多的突破。‎ ‎(2)He has had/made/achieved a breakthrough in physics.他在物理方面取得了突破。‎ ‎(3)The car broke down on the way home，which made him annoyed.‎ 汽车在回家的路上抛锚，使他很是气恼。‎ ‎(4)When the war broke out，he was only five.‎ 战争爆发时，他才五岁。‎ ‎(5)I hear that the young couple have broken up.‎ 我听说那对年轻夫妇已经分手了。‎ ‎ I think we should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning.‎ 当我们做有关克隆的决定时，我认为我们应该慎重，并运用良好的判断力。‎ judgement n．判断力；见识；看法，意见；判决，裁决 ‎※in one’s judgement在某人看来 make a judgement作出判断 ‎※judge v．判断；评价 judging from/by根据……来判断 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)In my judgement，he is a very good football player.‎ 依我看，他是一个非常优秀的足球运动员。‎ ‎(2)He refused to make a judgement about the situation.‎ 他拒绝对形势作出评价。‎ ‎(3)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.(2018•江苏)‎ 艺术的经济影响经常被忽视、被糟糕地评价。‎ ‎(4)Judging from/by the happy look on her face when she received the call，it must be good news.‎ 从她接电话时高兴的表情可以判断出一定有好消息。‎ ‎[温馨提示]　judging by/from用作独立成分，其中的judging不可以换为judged。‎ ‎ I’m totally burnt out.我完全累垮了。‎ be/get burnt out筋疲力尽，耗尽体力，累垮 burn out耗尽体力，累垮；燃尽，烧光 burn down烧毁 burn away烧光，烧掉 burn up被烧毁；被烧掉(通常指烧掉除建筑物以外的东西)；烧起来 burn...to the ground把……烧为平地 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)If he doesn’t stop working so hard，he’ll be burnt out.‎ 他继续这样拼命地工作的话，会累垮的。‎ ‎(2)That house was struck by lightning and burnt down.‎ 那座房子被闪电击中烧毁了。‎ ‎(3)If you put on more wood，the fire will burn up.‎ 如果你加入更多的木柴，火就会烧起来的。‎ ‎(4)The house was burnt to the ground yesterday evening.‎ 昨天晚上这座房子被烧为平地。‎ ‎ Public Relations Manager公共关系部门经理 relation n．关系；亲戚 ‎※in/with relation to关于；涉及；相对……而言 relation between A and B　A与B的关系/联系 relation to/with...与……的联系 ‎※relate vt.把……和……联系起来；vi.有关，涉及 relate...to/with...把……和……联系起来 be related to与……有关系 ‎※relative adj.相对的 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)This month’s production of that factory has decreased in/with relation to last month’s.‎ 相对于上个月而言，那家工厂这个月的产量降低了。‎ ‎(2)In my opinion，there are no relations between the socalled lucky numbers and luck.‎ 依我看，那些所谓的幸运数字与幸运之间没有联系。‎ ‎(3)His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood.‎ 他对人的畏惧和他不幸的童年息息相关。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)Women’s earnings are still low in relation ∧to men’s.‎ ‎[温馨提示]　relation作“(国家、公司、组织等之间以及人与人之间的)关系”讲时常用复数形式。‎ ‎ I understand that other countries have already begun trying to clone human beings，but this does not mean that we should follow in their footsteps.我明白其他国家已经开始尝试克隆人类，但这并不意味着我们应该效仿他们。‎ follow in one’s footsteps效仿某人，步某人的后尘；继承某人的事业 ‎※follow sb.’s example＝ follow the example of sb.仿效某人的做法，照办 follow the instructions按照说明 follow one’s advice听从某人的建议/忠告 follow the fashion赶时髦，赶潮流 follow the rules遵守规则 ‎※as follows如下 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)We shouldn’t follow in others’ footsteps.We should develop our own things.‎ 我们不应该步别人的后尘，我们应该开发自己的东西。‎ ‎(2)The father doesn’t want his children to follow his example.父亲不希望孩子们以他为榜样。‎ ‎(3)Follow the instructions very carefully when filling in the form.请按照说明仔细填写表格。‎ ‎(4)This code could also be written as follows.‎ 这个密码也可以照如下写。‎ ‎ I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens，it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.我确信如果你在英国民众中做一次调查的话，结果将表明大多数人不支持这种类型的科学研究。‎ conduct vt.组织；实施；指挥(乐队)；带领，引导；传导；n.举止，表现 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中conduct的汉语意思 ‎(1)Who will you arrange for to conduct the concert？指挥 ‎(2)We are conducting a survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food.组织，实施 ‎(3)The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good ‎ neighbor should.(2018•浙江)表现 ‎(4)A guide will conduct us around the museum.带领 ‎(5)Do all the metals conduct electricity？传导 conduct oneself well/badly举止或表现好/坏 conduct an experiment进行实验 conduct sb.around带领某人参观 conduct sb.to...带领某人到……‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(6)He asked if he might conduct us to the ball which was to bring the proceeding to an end.他问是否可以带我们去舞会现场，整个仪式将在那儿结束。‎ majority n．多数，大多数 ‎※the/a majority (of...)大多数(……)‎ in the/a majority占大多数 by/with a majority以多数 ‎※major vi.主修；adj.主要的 major in...主修……专业 ‎※minority n．少数 in the/a minority占少数 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)Historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.‎ 历史建筑对大多数人既有吸引力又很重要。‎ ‎(2)The young man majored in Chinese while he was at college.这个年轻人在大学时主修中文。‎ ‎(3)Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The majority of the work havehas been finished.‎ ‎[温馨提示]‎ ‎※the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。‎ ‎※The majority of＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 ‎ In summary，I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into consideration，and end this practice immediately.总之，我坚持认为你应该考虑英国人民的意见，并且立即结束这种做法。‎ take...into consideration把……考虑在内 ‎※be under consideration在考虑中 in consideration of考虑到，顾及 ‎※consider vt.考虑；认为 consider(考虑)＋(可用于进行时)n.&pron.doing sth.从句疑问词＋to do sth.‎ consider(认为)＋(无进行时)that...sb./sth.＋(to be/as)＋n./adj.‎ ‎※considering prep.考虑到，鉴于 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)In consideration of the extra work Tom had done，his boss gave him an extra week’s pay.‎ 考虑到汤姆做的额外的工作，老板多付给了他一周的薪水。‎ ‎(2)We must consider what to do next.‎ 我们必须考虑下一步怎么办。‎ ‎(3)It is said that your suggestion is under consideration.‎ 据说你的建议在考虑中。‎ ‎(4)He’s considering studying(study) abroad.‎ 他正考虑出国留学。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)人们觉得他是个傻瓜。‎ ‎①People consider him (as/to be) a fool.‎ ‎②He is considered (as/to be) a fool.‎ ‎③It is considered that he is a fool.‎ ‎ For example，cloned animals are not very healthy—they nearly always live brief，painful lives compared with ordinary animals.例如，克隆的动物并不健康——与普通动物相比，它们的一生更短暂、更痛苦。‎ brief adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的；n.摘要，概要 ‎※in brief简而言之，总之 to be brief简单地说；一句话 ‎※briefly speaking简而言之 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)Fortunately，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave.(2018•全国Ⅱ) ‎ 幸运的是，在医院待了一小段时间之后，本身体恢复得被允许出院了。‎ ‎(2)In brief/To be brief/Briefly speaking，your work is badly done.总之，你工作做得不好。‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)记者简要地报道了那起事故。‎ ‎①The journalist reported the accident in brief.‎ ‎②The journalist reported the accident briefly.‎ ‎ Therefore，we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.因此，我们不能证明来自克隆动物的食物可供人类安全食用。‎ confirm vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 confirm sb.in sth.使某人确信某事 confirm sb. as...批准某人担任……‎ confirm that...证实……‎ confirm sb.in the belief that...使某人坚信……‎ It is/has been confirmed that...已经确定……‎ ‎(1)Before choices are finished，parents will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.(2018•全国Ⅱ)‎ 在选择结束之前，家长会被叫来签字以确认自己孩子的选择。‎ ‎(2)The latest evidence confirmed me in his honesty.‎ 最新的证据让我坚信他是诚实的。‎ ‎(3)This latest information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame.‎ 这一则最新消息使我坚信他该受到责备。‎ ‎(4)It has been confirmed that the meeting will be held next week.‎ 已确定会议将在下周举行。‎ 经典句式 He is always working in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled.他总在实验室里工作，努力弄明白困惑他的所有奥秘。‎ 当always与进行时态连用时，表示反复发生的动作，带有一定的感情色彩，如不满、抱怨、厌恶、赞赏等。类似用法的词还有often，constantly，forever，all the time等。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)The boy is always crying.那男孩总哭。‎ ‎(2)He is always helping others.他总是帮助别人。‎ ‎(3)The woman is always complaining，which makes us annoyed.这个女人总是在抱怨，使得我们很烦。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Judging(judge) by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.‎ ‎2．Manners are important to happy relations(relation) among people.‎ ‎3．The majority of students are(be) most interested in sports and computers nowadays.‎ ‎4．We have to take his age into consideration(consider) when talking about the boy’s performance.‎ ‎5．Welcome to my school and let me introduce it briefly(brief)．‎ ‎6．He was so excellent that he was confirmed(confirm) as captain for the rest of the season.‎ ‎7．More than one student in our class has(have) an English dictionary.‎ ‎8．In summary，the two universities have a lot in common.‎ ‎9．Not exactly(exact)，she said she’d return it to me when she could afford her own.‎ ‎10．It is our intention(intend) to be the number one distributor of health products.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．Hearing the terrible noise，some children were too scared to move.‎ 听到这可怕的噪音，一些小孩子吓得动弹不得。‎ ‎12．Honestly speaking，it was more a worry than a pleasure.‎ 说实话，这件事与其说让人高兴，倒不如说让人担心。‎ ‎13．It has been confirmed that this kind of food really does harm to babies.‎ 已经证实，这种食物确实对婴儿有害。‎ ‎14．The breakthrough in cloning that scientists have made is related to their hard work.‎ 科学家们在克隆方面取得的突破与他们的努力工作有关。‎ ‎15．When he was a child，he was always trying out some new ideas.‎ 他小时候经常试验一些新想法。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．I’ve known him for years，and I trust his judgement(判断)．‎ ‎2．The following is a summary(总结) of our conclusions.‎ ‎3．According to the survey conducted(进行) by this university，only 18% are for the ‎ idea.‎ ‎4．To be frank，I will choose teaching as my profession(职业) in the future.‎ ‎5．We have a tight schedule for your brief(短暂的) visit.I hope you don’t mind.‎ ‎6．She originally(最初)thought of donating all of her organs，but failed to do it because of her serious illness.‎ ‎7．The majority(多数) of students were in favour of the suggestion that they go out for a picnic the next Sunday.‎ ‎8．We are looking for someone who is reliable(可依赖的) and hardworking.‎ ‎9．My new watch isn’t accurate(准确的)，so I’d like to have it repaired.‎ ‎10．He suffered a lot from hunger(饥饿) while he was trapped in that hole.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 take...into consideration，be similar to，put...in place，follow in the footsteps of...，get burnt out ‎11．Don’t worry.I have put everything in place.‎ ‎12．After about ten years’ hard work，the woman got burnt out.‎ ‎13．Following in the footsteps of her father，the young man works as a reporter.‎ ‎14．Taking everything into consideration，the event was a great success.‎ ‎15．Your opinion about this matter is similar to ours in many ways.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎16．Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.‎ ‎17．They insisted that everyone (should) come(come) to the party.‎ ‎18．The poor woman had not slept all night and was completely burnt out.‎ ‎19．This treatment is not available in the majority(major) of hospitals.‎ ‎20．Please bring something with you that confirms(confirm) your identity.‎ ‎21．Divorce is more common than it was a generation ago.‎ ‎22．He considered dropping medicine and taking(take) up the pen in order to do more for the people.‎ ‎23．I can’t possibly tell it in brief.I would like to write the whole thing in detail.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎24．May I have your telephone number so that I can confirm the appointment tomorrow evening?‎ ‎→May I have your telephone number to confirm the appointment tomorrow evening?‎ ‎25．Many proposals are being considered.But he is waiting for more.‎ ‎→Many proposals are under consideration.But he is waiting for more.‎ ‎26．The girl students are in the majority in our class.‎ ‎→The majority of the students in our class are girls.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 A Sir John，a British scientist who won last year’s Nobel Prize for medicine，said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years，and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for ‎ the step to human cloning.Parents who lost children in accidents may be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.‎ Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues，the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful.Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown，the first “test tube baby”．He said，“When my first frog experiments were done，an American reporter asked how long it will be before these things can be done in mammals or humans.I said，‘Well，it could be anywhere between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years？’ It turned out that it wasn’t far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same answer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin，and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”．‎ The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children，who are no longer fertile(能生育的)，to create another using the mother’s eggs and skin cells from the first child，thinking the technique was safe and effective，is 60 per cent in favor.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new child would feel they were some sort of a replacement for something.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了获得诺贝尔医学奖的英国科学家对克隆人类的前景的预测。‎ ‎27．Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in at most.‎ A．100 years B．60 years C．50 years D．10 years 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years，and that ‘maybe the same answer is appropriate’ for the step to human cloning”可知，在未来50年内，克隆技术将可以成功应用于人类。故选C。‎ ‎28．According to the text，which statement is NOT true?‎ A．Louise Brown is the first “test tube baby”．‎ B．Human cloning is still a controversial topic.‎ C．Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.‎ D．Human cloning is creating something that didn’t exist before.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，Louise Brown是第一个试管婴儿，所以A项表述正确；根据第二段第一句可知，克隆人类仍然是一个存在争议的话题，所以B项表述正确；根据第二段中Sir John所说的话可知，他对未来克隆人类的发展是肯定的，所以C项表述正确。根据第二段最后一句可知，克隆人类是复制已存在的人类，所以D项不正确。故选D。‎ ‎29．The underlined word “identical” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”．‎ A．same B．special C．new D．clear 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“copying what nature has already produced”可知，identical意为“相同的，同样的”。故选A。‎ ‎30．What does the text mainly talk about?‎ A．The life of Sir John.‎ B．Prediction on human cloning.‎ C．Views on human cloning.‎ D．Achievements in human cloning.‎ 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，Sir John预测在未来50年内，克隆技术将可以成功应用于人类。故选B。‎ B ‎ If you are looking for a way to take part in Earth Day，but don’t have time to participate in any urban cleanup，why not sign for 600 free newspapers online?‎ Switching to digital newspapers can save millions of trees，which is the idea that Newspaper Direct is trying to stress by offering more than 600 newspapers from 74 countries in 39 languages for free for an entire month on PressDisplay.com.‎ Anyone that goes to the site to register and uses the code Earth Day gains access to this awesome deal.‎ ‎“Every hour of every day a mature tree is saved by people who choose to read their newspapers online with PressDisplay.com and with our Smart Edition epapers，” said Alexander Kroogman，CEO of Newspaper Direct.“By some calculations it takes 17 trees to produce 1 tonne of newsprint.By using PressDisplay.com at home，at work，while commuting，or when traveling we can all reduce our carbon footprint.”‎ Personally，I see digital newspapers as the only news source of the future.Some people argue there is something timeless and romantic about holding a newspaper in their hands.That’s how I feel about books，so I understand.However，newspapers are meant to deliver news，but with the speed of information exchange on the Internet，the content in print media is stale by the time it hits the news stands.‎ Besides，from small people like me，a big newspaper is not necessary；it consumes me，and each time I turn the page，I take a quick look and leave it aside in a hurry.Getting my news over my laptop or iPod Touch when I’m on the go is so much easier.The digital papers from PressDisplay.com can be accessed from any computer，smartphone，Blackberry or iPod Touch and iPhone.‎ So what are you waiting for？Go to save some trees！It is free!‎ 语篇解读　作者在这篇文章中道出了阅读网络报纸的好处，呼吁大家阅读网络报纸，保护树木。‎ ‎31．The purpose of the passage is to .‎ A．advise people to read more newspapers B．argue the advantages of digital newspapers C．tell people how to take part in Earth Day this year D．encourage people to save trees by reading digital newspapers 答案　D 解析　写作目的题。由最后一段的“Go to save some trees！It is free！”‎ 可知，文章的目的是呼吁大家用网络报纸，保护树木。故选D。‎ ‎32．If you register in PressDisplay.com，you can .‎ A．read newspapers for free forever B．read free newspapers for a month C．participate in an urban cleanup D．receive 600 newspapers sent by the web 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“...for free for an entire month on PressDisplay.com.”可知，你如果注册了就可以享受一个月的网上免费看报。故选B。‎ ‎33．Which of the following is TRUE about the author?‎ A．He thinks digital newspapers have a bright future.‎ B．He can read real newspapers at a very high speed.‎ C．He only reads digital newspapers on the Internet.‎ D．He thinks people won’t hold books in their hands to read.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第五段第一句“Personally，I see digital newspapers as the only news source of the future.”可知，作者认为网络报纸的前途光明。故选A。‎ ‎34．The underlined word “stale” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”．‎ A．out of place B．out of date C．out of mind D．out of use 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。上文用but表示转折，判断这应该是说不好的一方面，且说到网络信息更新很快，推测此处应该是“过时的”。故选B。stale陈腐的，不新鲜的。‎ Ⅵ.七选五 ‎(2018•山西考前适应性测试)‎ Ways to Host an EcoFriendly Cookout Eating in the open air may feel ecofriendly，but outdoor dining can result in unnecessary waste if you aren’t careful. 35 .If you keep that in mind throughout your preparations，you’ll be off to a good start.‎ Reduce，Reuse，Recycle Skip the paper invitations and use online services like Email，or Facebook events. 36 .This way you’ll avoid ending up with five different potato salads that go uneaten.Make it easy for guests to sort garbage by positioning different trashcans in a central location：one for kitchen garbage，one for recyclables，and one for nonrecyclables.‎ Stop Using Plastic Plastic is a leading cause of litter and isn’t easy to recycle.To make sure your cookout ecofriendly，consider some other options for making your cookout stand out.Use recycled jars as glasses.They’re also far less breakable than regular glasses. 37 .If guests know which glass is theirs，they don’t need to reach for another one，which cuts down on the cleanup you’ll be doing.‎ ‎ 38 ‎ Wherever possible，shop for local produce and goods to serve your guests.This will reduce your carbon footprint and help support your local economy.Buy produce and meats at your local farmers’ market.Look for organic，but favor local over organic if you have to make a choice.‎ Use Renewable Light Sources ‎ 39 .As the sun goes down，illuminate your party space with LED lighting and solarpowered decorations.Invest in some citronella candles(香茅蜡烛) and torches to help drive away insects naturally.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何举办环保的户外野餐。‎ A．Support Global Economy B．Think Globally，Shop Locally C．Ask guests to bring glasses of their own D．Keep track of what everyone is bringing ahead of time E．Save on energy by hosting your party during the daylight hours F．One of the keys to being green is to reduce waste wherever possible G．Put up some labels to the jars so people can write their names on them ‎35．答案　F 解析　根据上文“but outdoor dining can result in unnecessary waste if you aren’t careful”可知，户外野餐如果不小心，就会导致不必要的浪费，因此推断F项“要做到环保的关键之一就是在任何可能的情况下都要减少浪费”符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎36．答案　D 解析　根据下文“This way you’ll avoid ending up with five different potato salads that go uneaten.”可知，用这种方法，你将避免最后剩下没吃的土豆沙拉。因此推断D项“提前记录每个人带的东西”符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎37．答案　G 解析　根据后一句可知，如果客人知道哪一个玻璃杯是他们的，他们就不会去拿另一个，这样就会减少你的清扫工作。因此推断G项“在瓶子上贴上标签以便于人们在它们上面写上自己的名字”符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎38．答案　B 解析　空格处是段落小标题。本段建议为客人购买当地的产品，这样可以减少碳的排放，有助于支持当地的经济。因此推断B项“全球思维，当地购物”符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎39．答案　E 解析　根据段落标题“Use Renewable Light Sources”和下文“As the sun goes down，illuminate your party space with LED lighting and solarpowered decorations.”可知，使用可再生光源，当太阳下山以后，使用LED照明和太阳能装饰品。因此推断E项“在白天举办聚会节省能源”符合语境。故选E。‎ Period Four　Project ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎1．agriculture n．农业 ‎2．channel n．水道；航道；隧道 ‎3．catastrophe n．灾难，灾祸 ‎4．resource n．资源 ‎5．acre n．英亩 ‎6．rainforest n．雨林 ‎7．income n．收入，收益 ‎8．genetics n．遗传学 ‎9．genetically adv.从基因上，与基因相关 ‎10．pest n. 害虫 ‎11．profit n．利润，收益 ‎12．chain n．一系列，一连串(人或事)‎ ‎13．breakthrough n．突破 ‎14．judgement n．判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决 ‎15．conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎16．favour n．赞同，支持；帮助；偏爱→favourable adj.有利的，有帮助的，赞同的 ‎17．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的 ‎18．modify vt.调整，修改；修饰 ‎19．insert vt.插入，嵌入 ‎20．profit vi.&vt.获益；对……有用 ‎21．permission n．准许，许可，批准→permit v．许可；n.许可证 ‎22．majority n．多数，大多数 ‎23．summary n．总结；概括，概要 ‎24．consideration n．仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及 ‎25．ordinary adj.普通的，一般的 ‎26．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的 ‎27．accurate adj.准确的，精确的 ‎28．confirm vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 ‎29．adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 ‎30．transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎31．be good for对……有益 ‎32．in favour of赞同，支持 ‎33．point of view观点 ‎34．meet one’s needs满足某人的需求 ‎35．rather than而不是 ‎36．at a fast pace以很快的速度 ‎37．be blamed for因……而受责备 ‎38．defend...against...保卫……免受……‎ ‎39．be limited to局限于 ‎40．have an effect/effects on对……产生影响/起作用 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎41．Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.‎ 并非一切对自然来说是最好的就对人类有益。‎ ‎42．...，many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.‎ ‎……许多发达国家现在关注拯救自然而不是开发或破坏自然。‎ ‎43．...make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives，without the environment around them suffering.‎ ‎……确保人们能享有健康、幸福的生活，同时又不损害其周边的环境。‎ ‎44．It is mankind’s responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone，and everything.‎ 找出对任何人、任何事物都有益的解决方案是人类的责任。‎ ‎45．Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.‎ 转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．agriculture　　　　 A．n.赞同；帮助；偏爱，偏袒 ‎2．channel B．n.水道；航道；隧道 ‎3．favour C．n.农业 ‎4．resource D．n.收入，收益 ‎5．income E．n.资源 答案　1.C　2.B　3.A　4.E　5.D ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．frighten A．adv.从基因上，与基因相关 ‎7．genetically B．vt.调整，修改；修饰 ‎8．modify C．vt.插入，嵌入 ‎9．insert D．vt.使惊吓，使惊恐 ‎10．profit E．n.利润，收益 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．catastrophe A．n.英亩 ‎12．acre B．vi.&vt.获益；对……有用 ‎13．profit C．n.灾难，灾祸 ‎14．chain D．n.一系列，一连串(人或事)‎ ‎15．permission E．n.准许，许可，批准 答案　11.C　12.A　13.B　14.D　15.E ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fast-reading Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)．‎ ‎1．Our natural resources have been made use of without harming nature to meet our needs.(　F　)‎ ‎2．Many developed nations are now anxious about saving nature.(　T　)‎ ‎3．Many poor countries are using up natural resources at a fast pace.(　T　)‎ Step 2　Careful-reading ‎1．People have harmed nature through all of the following activities EXCEPT .‎ A．fishing B．agriculture C．tourism D．breathing 答案　D ‎2．According to this passage，all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that .‎ A．building new channels in the sea will do harm to the Earth B．building factories on the land will further damage the Earth C．building more roads will destroy the Earth D．creating pollution with chemical waste will harm the Earth 答案　C ‎3．A clean environment will benefit us all if .‎ A．development is stopped in favour of nature B．all nations are concerned about saving nature C．natural resources are used up D．we use nature to meet our own needs 答案　B ‎4．Which statement about poorer nations is FALSE according to the passage?‎ A．Poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people.‎ B．Poorer nations are using up natural resources at a fast pace.‎ C．Poorer nations have not seen the effects of the careless use of the environment.‎ D．Poorer nations have realized the choices they make are bad for the environment.‎ 答案　D ‎5．What will happen if we continue to destroy nature?‎ A．We will destroy the planet we live on.‎ B．There will be only plants left on the Earth.‎ C．All the people on the Earth will live unhealthy lives.‎ D．Humans will beat nature.‎ 答案　A Step 3　Post-reading After reading the passage，find out ten mistakes in the following text.‎ After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources，many developed countries are now concerning about saving nature rather than developing or destroying them.Therefore，many poorer countries must focused on meeting the everyday needs of their people.In doing so，they are using up natural resources with a fast pace.Often they do not realize what the choices they make are bad to the environment.The developed and developing countries of the world need work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives，without the environment around them suffer.It should not be a question of humans winning but nature losing.Humans can only really win by protecting nature.‎ 答案 After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources，many developed countries are now concerningconcerned about saving nature rather than developing or ‎ destroying themit.ThereforeHowever，many poorer countries must focusedfocus on meeting the everyday needs of their people.In doing so，they are using up natural resources withat a fast pace.Often they do not realize whatthat或what the choices they make are bad tofor the environment.The developed and developing countries of the world need ∧to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives，without the environment around them suffersuffering.It should not be a question of humans winning butand/or nature losing.Humans can only really win by protecting nature.‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature？难道我们为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？‎ in favour of支持，赞同；有利于 in sb.’s favour有利于某人，有助于某人 ask sb.a favour＝ask a favour of sb.向某人求助 do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.帮某人的忙 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)The exchange rate is in our favour at the moment.‎ 目前汇率对我们有利。‎ ‎(2)Will you do me a favour/do a favour for me and carry the box？你能帮我搬那个箱子吗？‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(3)I talked to my friend about it，and he is for giving up the plan.‎ ‎→I talked to my friend about it，and he is in favour of giving up the plan.‎ ‎ From the point of view of some people，we are only doing what humans have always done，using nature to meet our own needs.根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的事，利用自然来满足我们自己的需求。‎ point of view观点，看法 to the point恰当，中肯 off the point离题 be on the point of doing sth.when...正要做某事这时……‎ There is no point (in) doing...做……没有意义。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)The expert has taken the point of view that money is not everything.专家有这样的观点：钱不能代表一切。‎ ‎(2)I’m afraid what you’re saying now is off the point.‎ 恐怕你现在所说的有些离题。‎ ‎(3)I was on the point of watching TV when the door bell rang.我正要看电视这时门铃响了。‎ ‎(4)There is no point in trying(try) to relax when you bring the office home with you.如果你把办公室里的事情带回家里，想休假放松就没有意义了。‎ ‎ While many people are excited about these new technologies，these same technologies frighten others.‎ 当许多人为这些新技术感到兴奋不已时，这些同样的技术也让其他人害怕。‎ frighten vt.吓唬，使害怕 ‎※frighten sb./sth.away把……吓跑 frighten sb.into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做/不做某事 frighten off吓跑 ‎※frightening adj.吓人的 ‎※frightened adj.受惊吓的，感到害怕的 be frightened by被……吓到 be frightened of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事 be frightened to death吓得要命；被吓坏 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)He frightened the old man into giving him all the money.他恐吓那位老人把所有的钱都给了他。‎ ‎(2)The little child was frightened by the fierce dog.‎ 那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。‎ ‎(3)When he saw the bear in the forest he was frightened to death.‎ 当他在森林里看见熊时，他被吓坏了。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)When the child heard the frightenedfrightening story，he began to cry.‎ ‎(5)Seeing a stranger with a knife in his hand，the little girl stood under the tree，frighteningfrightened out of her mind.‎ ‎ Research has been limited to increasing production profits，rather than making sure that GM foods are safe.目前的研究只局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。‎ limit vt.限制；n.[C]限度，限制 ‎※limit...to...把……限定在……‎ There is a limit to...……是有限度的。‎ ‎※limited adj.有限的 be limited to局限于……‎ ‎※limitless adj.无限制的，无止境的 ‎※limitation n．限制；局限 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.(2018•全国Ⅱ)‎ 它指出，很多家长仍旧限制电子阅读，主要是因为担心孩子在屏幕前的时间增加。‎ ‎(2)The teacher limited his students to 500 words for their compositions.‎ 老师把学生的作文限制在500字以内。‎ ‎(3)The amount of money we have is limited(limit)．‎ 我们拥有的钱是有限的。‎ ‎(4)All railroads have weight and height limitations(limit)．所有铁路都有重量和高度的限制。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(5)There is a limit forto the amount of pain we can bear.‎ ‎ Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods，as they would rather be cautious ‎ with this new technology.由于没有人真正地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫不决，因为他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎态度。‎ permission n．许可，准许，批准 ‎※with/without one’s permission在/未经某人的许可下 ask for one’s permission请求某人的允许 ‎※permit v．允许；许可；n.通行证；许可证 permit sb.to do...允许某人做……‎ permit doing sth.允许做某事 ‎ ‎ ‎(1)It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.(2018•江苏)‎ 真奇怪，他竟然没有经过主人的允许就拿走了那些书。‎ ‎(2)What should I say if I want to ask for permission informally?‎ 如果我想非正式地请求许可，我该说什么？‎ ‎(3)The rules of the club don’t permit smoking.‎ 俱乐部规定不许吸烟。‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The little girl was not permitted ∧to go out at night.‎ 经典句式 ‎ Not everything that is best for nature is good for people.并非一切对自然来说是最好的就对人类有益。‎ ‎※句中not everything意为“并非全部”，表示部分否定。not与表示全部意义的代词或副词连用，表示部分否定。这样的词还有both，all，every，everyone，everybody，everywhere等。not可以放在这些词的前面，也可以否定谓语动词。‎ ‎※英语中表示全部否定的词有neither，none，no one，nobody，nothing，nowhere等。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)Both of the students are not from the same factory.‎ 这两个学生并非都来自同一家工厂。‎ ‎(2)My brother has a nice car，but I have none.‎ 我哥哥有一辆漂亮的车，但是我没有。‎ ‎(3)The exam was easy，but I don’t think everybody could pass it.‎ 考试很简单，但是我认为并非人人都能通过。‎ ‎(4)Of all the books on the desk，none is of any use for our study.在桌子上的所有的书中，没有一本对我们的学习有用处。‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(5)All of them are not right.‎ ‎→Not all of them are right.‎ ‎ Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ ‎※nowhere是否定副词，位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序；nowhere与比较级连用，表达最高级意义。‎ ‎※否定词no，none，neither，nor，nobody，nothing，never，半否定词hardly，‎ seldom，scarcely，barely，little，few，或否定短语not until，at no time，by no means，not only...but also...，in no way，no sooner等位于句首时，句子一般需部分倒装。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(1)Nowhere can you find such a beautiful girl.‎ 你在哪儿也找不到这么漂亮的女孩。‎ ‎(2)No word did he say before he left.‎ 他一句话没说就走了。‎ ‎(3)Not until he went through real hardship did he realize how important his family was.‎ 直到经历了真正的艰难之后，他才意识到他的家人多么重要。‎ ‎(4)At no time did they break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.‎ 他们绝没有违反比赛的规则，处罚他们是不公平的。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She was very frightened(frighten) to look down from the top floor of the building.‎ ‎2．I have obtained a written permission(permit) from the chairman.‎ ‎3．You needn’t have gone(go) to buy the food，for there was still much in the fridge.‎ ‎4．Followed(follow) by some officials，the general inspected his army.‎ ‎5．We forbid smoking here.Who permits you to smoke(smoke)?‎ ‎6．Everyone fails now and then.It is how you react that makes a difference in life.‎ ‎7．The law limits political donations to 500 from each voter.‎ ‎8．We take the view that it would be wrong to go against nature.‎ ‎9．It was not until he came back from Africa that year that he met the girl he would like to marry.‎ ‎10．He didn’t take in what he read because his mind was on something else.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．The truth is，not everything that can be done in one country can be done in another.‎ 事实上，不是所有的事情在一个国家能实行，在其他国家也能实行。‎ ‎12．Believe it or not，nowhere in the world can you hear such a beautiful voice.‎ 信不信由你，你在世上任何地方都听不到如此动听的嗓音。‎ ‎13．Passengers are not permitted to place their luggage in front of this building.‎ 不允许乘客把行李放在这个大楼前。‎ ‎14．It was a great surprise to me that he did a thing like that.‎ 他那样做使我很吃惊。‎ ‎15．There is no point (in) doing so much work within one week.‎ 你在一周之内做那么多工作是没有意义的。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．They inserted(插入) a tube in his mouth to help him breathe.‎ ‎2．Buying those shares was a good move；we are making a good profit(利润) out of them.‎ ‎3．He gave me the permission(允许) to leave the office early today.‎ ‎4．The farmers might suffer some loss of income(收入) but no one would starve.‎ ‎5．From all points of view，war would be a catastrophe(大灾难)．‎ ‎6．We cannot live without water and neither agriculture(农业) nor industry can go without it.‎ ‎7．Henry is very reliable(可信赖的)—if he says he’ll do something，he’ll do it.‎ ‎8．The captain sailed his ship through the narrow channel(航道)．‎ ‎9．The suggestion to close the road has found favor(支持) with local people.‎ ‎10．The high prices have frightened(使惊吓) off a lot of customers already.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 in favour of，rather than，point of view，meet one’s needs，be limited to ‎11．These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.‎ ‎12．No one seemed to listen to my point of view.I felt embarrassed.‎ ‎13．The fishermen said that their small catches were enough to meet their needs.‎ ‎14．Some people are in favour of him while others aren’t.‎ ‎15．The expenses should be limited to what you can really afford.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎16．Maybe you have been to many countries，but nowhere else can you meet a more beautiful place than it.‎ ‎17．I was on the point of giving up the search when something caught my eye in the bushes.‎ ‎18．Miriam was too frightened(frighten) to tell her family what had happened.‎ ‎19．I understand that there is no point in arguing(argue) with him.‎ ‎20．It is a great pity for him to leave(leave) here so soon.‎ ‎21．They make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell.‎ ‎22．If you look at the audience，the majority(major) is over the age of fifty.‎ ‎23．The TV programme has a positive effect on the children as well as the old.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎24．The majority of the members were not for his plan，which made him angry.‎ ‎→The majority of the members were not in favor of his plan，which made him angry.‎ ‎25．I was about to open the door when it began to rain yesterday.‎ ‎→I was on the point of opening the door when it began to rain yesterday.‎ ‎26．What frightened me most was that I would fail in the next exam.‎ ‎→What made me frightened most was that I would fail in the next exam.‎ ‎27．Everyone in our class doesn’t like the film directed by the man.‎ ‎→Not everyone in our class likes the film directed by the man.‎ ‎28．The mother didn’t go to bed until her son came back last night.‎ ‎→Not until her son came back did the mother go to bed last night.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 Students and Technology in the Classroom I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me.I also love my laptop computer，as it holds all of my writing and thoughts.Despite this love of technology，I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices and truly communicate with others.‎ On one occasion，I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers.My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas.Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom，I have a rule—no laptops，iPads，phones，etc.When students were told my rule in advance of the class，some of them were not happy.‎ Most students think that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology.There’s a bit of truth to that.Some students think that I am antitechnology.There’s no truth in that at all.I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.‎ The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversations and engage complex ideas.Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas.I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas.I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course material and the class discussion.‎ I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect students’ satisfaction with the environment that I create.Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge，they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.‎ I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class，but until I hear a really good reason for the change，I’m sticking to my plan.A few hours of technologyfree dialogue is just too sweet to give up.‎ 语篇解读　本文是夹叙夹议文。科技有助于课堂教学，但它也有不利的一面：影响学生的独立思考。本文作者通过自己的教学经历证明了为何不让学生在课堂上使用一些高科技的产品如电脑、iPad或手机等。‎ ‎29．Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with .‎ A．the course material B．the author’s class rules ‎ C．discussion topics D．others’ misuse of technology 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，学生不高兴是因为作者的课堂规定：不许用电脑、iPad或手机等。‎ ‎30．According to the author，the use of technology in the classroom may .‎ A．keep students from doing independent thinking ‎ B．encourage students to have deep conversations C．help students to better understand difficult themes ‎ D．affect students’ concentration on the teacher’s ideas 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者认为在课上使用科技产品会干扰学生的深入交流，也会使他们对外部信息过度依赖。故可推知选A项“‎ 阻止学生进行独立思考”。‎ ‎31．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author .‎ A．is quite stubborn in teaching B．will give up teaching history C．will change his teaching plan soon D．values technologyfree dialogues in his class 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者仍然坚持在课上不使用科技产品。故选D项。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 What do you think of Bill Gates？You might think of him as a hardworking 32 of Microsoft or a technological genius， 33 one thing you might not know about him is that he’s one of the world’s 34 men who left Microsoft to donate billions of dollars and 35 the world by creating new inventions.‎ In 2014 Bill Gates’ wife，Melinda Gates， 36 Bill to quit Microsoft and work with her to help what Bill Gates 37 the Bottom Two Billion.The Bottom Two Billion 38 a third of the world’s population that live with less than 2 US dollars a day.These people 39 live in areas where electricity is rare and disease is far and wide.‎ One of the 40 to diseases are vaccines(疫苗)，which help the body get over the disease.A problem 41 with vaccines because they need to be kept 42 to remain functional.When electricity is rare，it’s often very hard to keep refrigerators 43 .One way Gates has proposed is something he calls the “Super Thermos”．It’s a strong heatresistant thermos 44 from the same material spaceships use to meet the 45 .This thermos can keep vaccines cold for 50 days.‎ Another problem for the Bottom Two Billion is 46 .From the 1960s to 1980s，there was an agricultural revolution，which has 47 a lot of new ways to produce crops faster.This meant that the world thought the food 48 problem in Africa was gone but this was 49 the case.The way Gates plans to solve this problem is to talk to each farmer one by one，discuss their unique 50 ，and give the farmers heartier seeds that grow better on the 51 soil in that area.Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.‎ 语篇解读　我们熟知的世界首富比尔•盖茨并不仅仅是一个金钱持有者，他还为世界慈善事业作出了很大的贡献，为世界上需要帮助的人带来了希望。‎ ‎32．A.officer B．official C．millionaire D．founder 答案　D 解析　根据常识可知，比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人，所以此处用founder。‎ ‎33．A.so B．and C．but D．or 答案　C 解析　根据上下文可知，“大家都熟知比尔•盖茨是微软公司的创始人”与“有一点并不是所有的人都知道”之间是逻辑上的转折关系，所以此处用but。‎ ‎34．A.richest B．busiest C．kindest D．hardest 答案　A 解析　结合生活常识和空后的内容可知，比尔•盖茨是世上“最富的”人之一，他离开了微软公司，去做慈善。‎ ‎35．A.watching B．helping C．missing D．visiting 答案　B 解析　根据后文内容，尤其是后文中的“help the body defeat the disease”及文章最后一句“Doing this will help the farmers grow crops faster and better.”可知，比尔•盖茨是通过创造新的发明而“帮助”世界的。‎ ‎36．A.permitted B．forced C．persuaded D．required 答案　C 解析　根据空后的“quit Microsoft and work with her”和下文中的行动可推知，比尔•盖茨的妻子说服(persuade)了他与自己一起做慈善。‎ ‎37．A.sells B．plans C．designs D．calls 答案　D 解析　根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指被比尔•盖茨称作Bottom Two Billion的事物，故用call。‎ ‎38．A.consists of B．thinks of C．accuses of D．complains of 答案　A 解析　根据下文介绍的the Bottom Two Billion的意思可知，此处指Bottom Two Billion的构成部分。consist of...由……构成。‎ ‎39．A.probably B．originally C．recently D．mainly 答案　D 解析　联系上下文的意思可知，此处指这些人主要居住在电力稀缺、疾病横行的地方。故选D项。‎ ‎40．A.medicines B．efforts C．solutions D．secrets 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“help the body get over the disease”可推知，这里指的是解决疾病的方法。故选C。‎ ‎41．A.disappears B．appears C．discovers D．covers 答案　B 解析　根据下一句中的“When electricity is rare，it’s often very hard to keep refrigerators ”可推知，伴随疫苗出现(appear)了一个难题。‎ ‎42．A.cold B．covers C．safe D．warm 答案　A 解析　根据下文出现的“refrigerators”和本段最后一句中的“keep vaccines cold for 50 days”可推知，疫苗必须在低温下保存。故选A项。‎ ‎43．A.racing B．flying C．running D．resting 答案　C 解析　根据空前的内容可知，当电力稀缺时，冰箱很难正常运转。故选C项。‎ ‎44．A.separated B．made C．recovered D．resulted 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“from the same material spaceships use”可知，这种特殊的保温瓶是选用制造宇宙飞船的同等材料做成的，故用make。‎ ‎45．A.requirements B．satisfactions C．opportunities D．deadlines 答案　A 解析　根据疫苗的保存要求可知，“超级保温瓶”选用特殊材料制造是为了满足疫苗的保存要求。故选A项。‎ ‎46．A.science B．education C．industry D．agriculture 答案　D 解析　根据下文介绍的农业方面的变革可知，此处指另一个问题是有关农业的。‎ ‎47．A.delayed B．introduced C．imagined D．recorded 答案　B 解析　根据空后的“a lot of new ways to produce crops faster”可知，这里指农业方面的变革引进(introduce)了许多快速生产粮食的新方法。‎ ‎48．A.supply B．health C．quality D．cleanness 答案　A 解析　根据上一句可推知，农业变革引进了新的增产粮食的方法，这样能提高粮食产量。这样全世界都认为非洲的粮食“供应”问题已经解决了。‎ ‎49．A.constantly B．generally C．hardly D．actually 答案　C 解析　联系空前的but表示的转折意义可推知，人们以为粮食供应问题已经得到了解决，但事实上并非如此。这里用hardly表示否定。‎ ‎50．A.dreams B．drugs C．crops D．needs 答案　D 解析　根据上下文可推知，比尔•盖茨通过和每个农民聊天了解他们特有的需要，然后给予帮助。‎ ‎51．A.rich B．poor C．narrow D．high 答案　B 解析　结合常识可知，非洲的土地较为贫瘠，所以很难长出优质的庄稼。这里用 poor形容土地贫瘠。‎ Ⅶ.语法填空 ‎ ‎ Ⅲ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于科学)‎ ‎1．科学家们已在遗传学方面取得突破。‎ ‎2．他们已获得准确的科学数据，这对人类是有益处的。‎ ‎3．医师们希望在不久的将来人们能活得更久更快乐。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Scientists have made a breakthrough in genetics.They have gained accurate scientific data，which are beneficial to human beings.Physicians hope that in the near future people can live longer and more happily.‎ Period Five　Grammar—Verbed form ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题 ‎1．If I had the chance，I would have a cloned baby.‎ ‎2．I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.‎ ‎3．My grandfather was delighted to hear I had passed my exams.‎ ‎4．After the accident，they found the front windows broken.‎ ‎5．Shocked by the article，the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.‎ 以上句中，句1、句2的过去分词(短语)作定语；句3的过去分词(短语)作表语；句4的过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语；句5中的过去分词在句中作状语。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、动词过去分词的构成和意义 ‎1．动词ed形式的构成 动词ed形式通常是由动词后加“ed”构成的，少数动词的ed形式有不规则变化形式。‎ 注意：动词ed形式无时态和语态的变化。‎ ‎2．动词ed形式的意义 及物动词的ed形式既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词的ed形式只表完成，不表被动。‎ The books，written by Lu Xun，are popular with many Chinese people.‎ 鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。(表被动和完成)‎ Once recovered，he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.‎ 他一康复就投身到他的工作中去，并且尽一切努力把它做好。(只表完成)‎ 二、动词过去分词的语法功能 ‎1．作定语 动词ed形式作定语，表示动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。动词ed形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是被其所修饰的名词。及物动词的ed形式作定语，与被修饰词之间是被动关系；不及物动词的ed 形式作定语表示动作的完成。‎ Dolly the sheep is the world’s first cloned mammal.‎ 多利羊是世界上第一个被克隆的哺乳动物。‎ We should drink boiled water.我们应该喝开水。‎ A water and soil conservation project set up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.‎ 启动于1989年的一个水土保持项目使得农民退耕还林或退耕还草。‎ The carbon produced when we breathe is much less than that produced by cars.‎ 我们呼吸产生的碳远远少于汽车产生的碳。‎ There are some fallen leaves on the ground.‎ 在地上有一些落叶。(不及物动词fall的ed形式fallen不表示被动，只表示动作的完成)‎ ‎[学法点拨]　单个的动词ed形式作定语，往往放在被修饰的名词之前；动词ed形式短语作定语，一般要放在被修饰词的后面。‎ Because of pollution，the caught fish were not fit to eat.‎ 由于污染，捕到的鱼不适宜吃。‎ ‎2．作表语 动词ed形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态。动词ed形式作表语时，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态。此时的动词ed形式相当于一个形容词，其后常不跟by短语。‎ The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。‎ Our classroom is crowded.我们的教室很拥挤。‎ The ground is covered with snow.地上覆盖着雪。‎ ‎[学法点拨]　表示人的心理、情绪变化的一些动词ed形式(surprised，disappointed，delighted，excited，pleased)及其他一些动词ed形式(dressed，drunk，devoted，lost，known，married，bent，recovered，separated等)常可用作表语，表示状态。其中有些只表状态，毫无被动意义。‎ I was excited to hear our team had won.‎ 我听到我们队已经获胜的消息后感到很兴奋。‎ He is dead drunk.他喝得烂醉。‎ ‎[误区警示]　被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟“by＋动作的执行者”。‎ The new tissues and organs are used to cure diseases by doctors.这些新的组织和器官被医生用来治疗疾病。‎ A great number of trees were planted by volunteers to stop the wind from blowing the soil away.‎ 为了阻止风把泥土吹走，志愿者们栽种了大量的树。‎ ‎3．作宾语补足语 动词ed形式作宾语补足语时，其逻辑主语是句子的宾语。宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。‎ The villagers had many trees planted then.‎ 村民们那时种了很多树。‎ In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.‎ 早上人们一醒来就发现屋外的世界完全变了样。‎ ‎[学法点拨]　能用动词ed形式作宾语补足语的动词大致可分为以下三类：‎ ‎①make，get，have，keep等使役动词。此类动词使用最广泛。‎ We need to get the machine repaired at once as we want to use it in our experiment tomorrow.因为我们明天做实验想用这台机器，所以我们需要立即找人把它修好。‎ The thief kept his money hidden in his shoes.‎ 那个小偷把钱藏在鞋子里。‎ ‎②see，hear，feel等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。‎ The mother can’t stand seeing her baby left alone at home.母亲不能忍受她的孩子被独自一人留在家里。‎ ‎③like，want，wish，order等表示希望、愿望、命令等意义的动词。‎ The manager doesn’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.经理不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。‎ ‎[链接]　with复合结构，即“with＋复合宾语”结构，它是由“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋非谓语动词(分词、动词不定式)、介词短语、形容词或副词等”构成的一种结构。当宾语补足语是动词ed形式时，表示宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。with复合结构通常在句子中作状语，也可以作定语，修饰前面的名词。‎ With all the work done，we went to play basketball.‎ 所有的工作都做完了，我们就去打篮球了。‎ The fellow stood there with his hands crossed.‎ 那个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。‎ The farmers have a good harvest with all the crops got in.庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。‎ With a lot of work to do，she doesn’t have time to go to the cinema.有很多工作要做，她没有时间去看电影。‎ With the good teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble passing the exam.有这位优秀的老师教我们英语，我们没有困难通过考试。‎ Do you know the man with a book in his hand?‎ 你认识手里拿着一本书的那个人吗？‎ Throw away the container with its cover sealed.‎ 把封着盖子的那个容器扔掉。‎ ‎4．作状语 动词ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，与主语是被动关系。动词ed形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件等。‎ ‎①作时间状语 Seen from the moon，the earth，with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears to be a blue ball.‎ 从月球上看，被水覆盖了大约70%表面的地球就像是一个蓝色的球体。‎ ‎②作原因状语 Frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night，the girl did not dare to sleep alone in her room.‎ 因为那个女孩被晚上的电闪雷鸣吓坏了，所以她不敢独自在她的房间里睡觉。‎ ‎③作条件状语 Given a chance，I would prove myself.‎ 给我一个机会，我会证明自己。‎ ‎④作伴随状语 The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.‎ 那个男孩坐在桌旁埋头做作业。‎ 三、动词ed形式与从句的转换 ‎1．动词ed形式作时间状语可以转换成时间状语从句 When given a medical examination(＝When you are given a medical examination)，you should keep calm.‎ 当你做体检时，你应该保持镇定。‎ ‎2．动词ed形式作原因状语可以转换成原因状语从句 Depressed(＝Since he was depressed)，he went to see his elder sister.他感到沮丧，就去找他姐姐了。‎ ‎3．动词ed形式作条件状语可以转换成条件状语从句 Grown in rich soil(＝If they are grown in rich soil)，these seeds can grow fast.‎ 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。‎ ‎[误区警示]　动词ed形式作伴随状语可以转换成并列谓语或并列句。‎ They came in，followed by some children.(＝They came in and were followed by some children.＝ They came in and they were followed by some children.)‎ 他们进来了，后面跟着一些孩子。‎ ‎ ‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take)．(2018•天津)‎ ‎2．Ordinary soap，used(use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018•北京)‎ ‎3．Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.(2017•北京)‎ ‎4．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.(2017•浙江)‎ ‎5．In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work.‎ ‎(2016•江苏)‎ ‎6．A study of travelers conducted(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015•全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎7．Raised(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(2015•重庆)‎ ‎8．Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015•江苏)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎1．The museum，located(locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot，covers an area of 5,000 square meters.‎ ‎2．The new film based(base) on a real person is very popular with most Chinese.‎ ‎3．The cart got stuck(stick) in the mud，but the farmer made no effort to get it out.‎ ‎4．He is now talking with his mother，trying(try) to persuade her to allow him to go out.‎ ‎5．When he entered the classroom，he found some villagers seated(seat) in the classroom.‎ ‎6．The old man lay trapped(trap) under the building ruins for quite a long time.‎ ‎7．With great efforts focused(focus) on the conservation project，the number of some rare animals is steadily increasing.‎ ‎8．Yesterday a retired(retire) scientist gave us a lecture，who is now in his seventies.‎ ‎9．He was discouraged(discourage) when he heard his mother’s words.‎ ‎10．When the soldier woke up，he found himself surrounded(surround) by some children.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎11．Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washingwashed.‎ ‎12．Children，when accompanyingaccompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ ‎13．The suggestion makingmade by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.‎ ‎14．My son was very disappointingdisappointed when he heard the news.‎ ‎15.SeeingSeen from the top of the tower，the old city looks more beautiful.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎16．The project，which was designed by the Chinese engineers，was constructed in only two years.‎ ‎→The project，designed by the Chinese engineers，was constructed in only two years.‎ ‎17．The general walked into the hall and some soldiers followed him.‎ ‎→The general walked into the hall，followed by some soldiers.‎ ‎18．As the girl was driven by her curiosity，she opened the big box.‎ ‎→Driven by her curiosity，the girl opened the big box.‎ ‎19．The castle，which was burnt down in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt.‎ ‎→The castle，burnt down in the sixteenth century，was never rebuilt.‎ ‎20．The woman hurried home，only to find that her son was absorbed in computer games.‎ ‎→The woman hurried home，only to find her son absorbed in computer games.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎1．Asked(ask) why he came，he kept silent.‎ ‎2．I expect this plan carried(carry) out successfully.‎ ‎3．I intended to have called(call) him，but I didn’t have his number on me.‎ ‎4．I came into the classroom，found(find) my seat and sat down to read.‎ ‎5．The city is surrounded(surround) on three sides by mountains.‎ ‎6．The discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught(catch)．‎ ‎7．With water heated(heat)，we can see the steam.‎ ‎8．Surprised(surprise) and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.‎ ‎9．Judging(judge) from what he said，he was very disappointed.‎ ‎10．Whenever asked(ask)，he would always keep silent.‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 A In today’s world of smart phones and notebook computers，most people have at least one time—telling thing with them.Since these digital products are so common，is time running out for the 500yearold watch? According to some consumers，the answer is yes.New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function”．Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago.As a result，some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.‎ However，watchmakers optimistically say that watches regain popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s.By then，they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time.Fifty years ago，watchmakers took pride in their products’ accuracy.But in recent years，the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory business.And today，the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.‎ ‎“Complications”—features that go beyond simple timekeeping—are an important part of a watch’s image.Today’s watches offer lots of features that meet almost any personality.These features include compasses，USB drivers，and even other functions.‎ Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches.For example，Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches.The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time.It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.‎ Whether a watch communicates fashion sense，or creative talent of a love sports，consumers want their watches to stand out.Nowadays，everyone has the same kind of gadget(配件) in their bags，so people want to make a statement with what’ s on their wrists.Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell! ‎ 语篇解读　随着科技的进步，手表的主要功能——告知时间，已经成为了附属功能。科技赋予手表更多的功能和时尚。‎ ‎11．What can we know from the first paragraph?‎ A．As most people see，watches are out of fashion.‎ B．The watch industry will close down sooner or later.‎ C．Some people feel that watches have been of no use.‎ D．There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is ‘an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function’．Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.”可知，一些人认为手表已经没有用了，故选C。‎ ‎12．Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to .‎ A．tell that today’s watches need more imagination B．show why Shinshoku watches are popular C．advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash D．make a comparison between watches and bracelets 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据本段中的“The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time.It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.”可知，举例是为了说明现在的手表讲究设计的创造性，即需要更多的想象力，故选A。‎ ‎13．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?‎ A．Japanese Watches Stand Out B．Watches Tell More Than Time C．Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation D．Watches Are Becoming Less Popular 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。根据本文的大意可知，现在手表不仅仅告知人们时间，还增加了越来越多的功能，故选B。‎ B Australian Photographer and digital artist Karen Alsop，the founder of Story Art，has her heart in the right place this holiday season.Hoping to spread some cheer to sick children and their families，Alsop has started The Christmas Wish Project.With just her trusty camera，Photoshop，and help from old Father Christmas，Alsop artistically transports children spending their holidays in the hospital to fantastic Christmas scenes and magical Winter Wonderlands.‎ Bright and early on November 29,2016，Alsop visited Monash Children’s Hospital in Melbourne，Australia.There，she and her team began to organize festive photo shoots for the children.In an empty room，they constructed a green screenequipped “Christmas studio”．Families were then invited into the magical studio，where their riffle ones would be treated to a sweet shoot with Santa Claus.If children were unable to make it to the studio，their Santa would take place right in their rooms.‎ Once all of the pictures were taken，Alsop worked her magic to transform the hospital pictures into storybook scenes where snow falls on streets，reindeer(驯鹿) walks free，and medical equipment vanishes.She and her team then framed and wrapped the wondrous works of art，and delivered them to the children and their families.‎ ‎“Christmas is a joyful time.A time I love to celebrate with my family，but not everyone has that blessing，” she states，“I’ve always felt for the children in particular who are unable to leave the hospital during this season because at a time when the world is joyful，their pain is even more evident.I want to give them a gift that brings hope.My main aim is to rekindle(再次点燃) their faith of what the future holds for each of them.”‎ 语篇导读　本文为记叙文。澳大利亚数码艺术家通过数码技术，设计出充满奇幻色彩的圣诞照片来宽慰生病的孩子们。‎ ‎14．Which statement is NOT suitable for Karen Alsop?‎ A．She is an artist in digital world.‎ B．She is a photographer in Australia.‎ C．She is a founder of a helping organization.‎ D．She is a sick woman in hospital.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知，Alsop的身份是数码艺术家、摄影师、爱心组织的创始人，并没有提到她是一个病人，故答案为D。‎ ‎15．Where did Alsop help the children shoot the pictures?‎ A．In the Christmas studio.‎ B．In a studio.‎ C．In a manmade world.‎ D．In the hospital.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句及最后一句可知，Alsop为孩子们准备了一间专门的房间拍照，如果孩子们无法离开病房，圣诞老人就去孩子们的病房取景拍照，故答案为D。‎ ‎16．What does the underlined word “vanishes” mean in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Disappears. B．Finishes.‎ C．Becomes clear. D．Becomes colorful.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，Alsop是个修图高手，她会添加飘洒的雪、漫步的驯鹿，还会让孩子们身上那些医疗设备“看不见”，即“消失”，故答案为A。‎ ‎17．What can we know from Alsop’s words in the last paragraph?‎ A．We can live better with hope and faith.‎ B．Everyone can devote himself to helping others.‎ C．Christmas is also a happy time for children in hospital.‎ D．Christmas should be spent with family.‎ 答案　 A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，Alsop希望带给孩子们希望和梦想，即有了希望，有了梦想，生活才会更美好，故答案为A。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 How to Do ManontheStreet Interviews The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 18 But with these tips，your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy.‎ ‎•When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthestreet interviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？” 19 ‎ ‎•Hit the streets with confidence. 20 Say，“Excuse me，I work for XYZ News，and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you.‎ ‎•Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested.Don’t get discouraged.‎ ‎• 21 Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need，move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer，you won’t be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 22 ‎ ‎•If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air，don’t leave work without them.‎ A．Limit your time.‎ B．As you approach people，be polite.‎ C．If you don’t own a camera，you can buy one.‎ D．For new reporters，this can seem like a challenging task.‎ E．To get good and useful results，ask them the same question.‎ F．That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.‎ G．With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲述了如何进行街头采访。文中给了几个小贴士来帮助那些新记者更轻松地进行街头采访，比如采访前计划好话题和问题、增强自己的信心、控制好采访的时间等。‎ ‎18．答案　D 解析　根据后一句“But with these tips，your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy.”可知，以下这些小贴士会让你的采访很容易。“but”连接的两个句子在语义上是转折关系，故可推测，空格处应该意为：采访是件很困难的事。故选D。‎ ‎19．答案　G 解析　根据前文“think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it”可知，本段讲的是在采访前需要想好话题以及和话题相关的问题，空格处前一句是一个问题，G项中的“a question like this”承接上句，故选G。‎ ‎20．答案　B 解析　根据此段内容可知，在上街去采访别人时，不仅要有信心还要有礼貌。故选B。‎ ‎21．答案　A 解析　根据后一句“Each interview that you get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten minutes.”可知，你在街上的每一次采访都不应该超过十分钟。故可推测空格处应该意为：你采访的时候要控制好自己的时间。故选A。‎ ‎22．答案　F 解析　根据前文“Make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.”可知，当你采访的时候，要尽量得到多种多样的答案，关键词为“answers”； 空格前又提到“A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.” ，关键词为“number of interviews”。故选F。‎ Period Six　Writing—Writing a letter of advice ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 建议信是向收信人对某事提出写信人的建议或忠告。建议可以是写给个人的，就某些问题提出自己的看法或建议；也可以是写给单位或机构的，这类信往往就改进其目前的不合理现状提出建议或忠告。‎ 建议信要写出提建议的原因，建议的内容，以及如果被采纳可能会出现的积极结果。提出理由一定要合情合理，语气要委婉。建议信的写作要简明扼要、目的明确，具有合理性和说服力。‎ 建议信的写作步骤：‎ 首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气要委婉。‎ 主体段落：应该首先肯定对方的优点，然后再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体建议或忠告。千万注意不要让别人以为你是在投诉或说教，而不是提建议。‎ 结尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，展望建议被采纳后的良好结果，要注意礼貌用语，使被建议者容易接受。‎ 友情提醒：写作这类题目时，考生要注意不要跑题，因为这类题很有可能写成议论文，如“我认为一……二……，所以要如何如何”。考生应该时刻记得书信的交际功能，要考虑到收信人的感受。在给对方提建议时应该不时地说到I和you，要让人时刻感受到这是一种交流。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．我写信的目的是……‎ I’m writing to.../I am writing with the intention of.../I am writing intending to...‎ ‎2．很遗憾我听说……/我知道你在……方面有困难 I’m sorry to hear/know that you have some difficulty/trouble/problems with sth./in doing sth.‎ ‎3．我的建议是……：‎ ‎(1)May I suggest that you should...?‎ ‎(2)I wish.../I really hope that...‎ ‎(3)What about...？/How about...?‎ ‎(4)My suggestions are as follows.‎ ‎(5)It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on...‎ ‎(6)When it comes to such a situation，I would like to suggest that you should...‎ ‎4．如果你采纳了我的建议，情况是容易改变的。‎ The situation is easy to change if you follow/take my advice.‎ ‎ ‎ 假设你是高二一班学生李华，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写和乱丢垃圾的不文明行为，请用英文给校长写一封100词左右的信，信中包括以下内容：‎ ‎1．写信的目的；‎ ‎2．对这些行为进行批评；‎ ‎3．提出建议。‎ 参考词汇：随意涂写scribble；乱丢垃圾litter ‎ ‎ 写作要求是写一封建议信，写作时应注意下面几点：‎ ‎1．确定文体：这是一篇应用文，写作时应注意书信的常规格式。‎ ‎2．主体时态：一般现在时。‎ ‎3．主体人称：第一、二人称。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．吸引……的注意力于……draw/attract...attention to...‎ ‎2．随意涂写和乱丢垃圾scribbling and littering ‎3．对某人来说做某事是不合适的It’s not appropriate/improper for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎4．与此同时at the same time/meantime/meanwhile ‎5．约束自己behave/control/contain oneself ‎6．在……的共同努力下with the joint efforts of...‎ ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．我写信的目的是引起你对学生在校园内的一些不良行为——随意涂写和乱丢垃圾——的关注，这些行为使我们的校园脏乱并且不适宜学习。‎ ‎ I am writing to inform you of some improper behavior among us students on our campus：scribbling and littering，making our school a dirty and unpleasant place to study in.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎ I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behavior among us students on our campus：scribbling and littering，which makes our school a dirty and unpleasant place to study in.(which引导非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎2．很显然学生到处乱涂乱扔是不合适的。‎ ‎ Students tend to litter and scribble about，and it is clearly an improper behavior.(并列句)‎ ‎ It is clearly not appropriate for students to litter and scribble about.(it作形式主语)‎ ‎ ‎ Dear Mr Headmaster，‎ I am Li Hua，a student from Class 1，Senior Ⅱ.I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behavior among us students on our campus：scribbling and littering，which makes our school a dirty and unpleasant place to study in.‎ It is clearly not appropriate for students to litter and scribble about.My suggestion is that the school place more dustbins around and set up specific rules against such behavior.At the same time，students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves.‎ I believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.‎ Thank you for your consideration.‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Li Hua 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．You can’t really appreciate(欣赏) foreign literature in translation.‎ ‎2．They took strong measures(措施) against dangerous driving.‎ ‎3．There has been a heated debate(辩论) about whether the film should be allowed.‎ ‎4．We need to know the exact(确切的) time the incident happened that day.‎ ‎5．Stores spend more and more on crime(犯罪) prevention every year.‎ ‎6．Generally speaking，farmers are extremely busy during the harvest(收获) time.‎ ‎7．We are trying our best to improve relations(关系) between our two countries.‎ ‎8．Don’t worry! The food provides all the nutrition(营养) your dog needs.‎ ‎9．Accurate(精确的) records must be kept in this office.‎ ‎10．Later，the old man inserted(插入) another paragraph into his will(遗嘱)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 concentrate on，result in，in favour of，let off，use up，toy with，be concerned about，in summary，be limited to，follow in the footsteps of ‎11．Unfortunately，the accident resulted in the death of 10 passengers.‎ ‎12．Cars let off carbon gases which make the earth warmer.‎ ‎13．Experiments show that anxiety can greatly toy with a child’s performance at school.‎ ‎14．In summary，their performance was great.‎ ‎15．Tom decided to go to the countryside to work，following in the footsteps of his father.‎ ‎16．All the woman’s energies are concentrated on her children.‎ ‎17．You should tell your friend that you are concerned about him.‎ ‎18．Large quantities of natural resources will be used up in 100 years or so.‎ ‎19．Most of the young students were in favour of reform.‎ ‎20．The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎21．There are two hundred boys ranging(range) from seven to fourteen in age.‎ ‎22．How did you pick out my younger sister in the crowd?‎ ‎23．Population growth in that area is decreasing by 4% each year.‎ ‎24．No official permission(permit) has been given for the event to take place.‎ ‎25．I am frightened(frighten) of walking home alone in the dark.‎ ‎26．There is growing public anxiety(anxious) over levels of air pollution in our cities.‎ ‎27．He asked if we were in agreement(agree) with you about the price.‎ ‎28．Compared(compare) with cars，bicycles have many advantages in a big city.‎ ‎29．The majority(major) of books have been sent to the rural school，where students are eager for them.‎ ‎30．The parents don’t permit us to stay(stay) out after 10 o’clock in the evening.‎ ‎31．The program was set up with an intention(intend) of helping those in need.‎ ‎32．Judging(judge) from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club the moment he got there.‎ ‎33．Before confirming(confirm) the design of this product，you need to study the market carefully.‎ ‎34．An experiment conducted(conduct) by that team showed that this material did good to our environment.‎ ‎35．There’s little time left，so you’d better describe it briefly(brief)．‎ Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)‎ ‎36．He gave up the chance to go abroad as ∧a consequence of his sick mother.‎ ‎37．—Did you take part in Mary’s birthday party last Friday?‎ ‎—I ∧had intended to，but one of my classmates called on me.‎ ‎38．The adoptingadopted child was finally told who were his true parents in spite of ‎ the fact that he lived a happy life.‎ ‎39．Don’t take ∧it for granted that they will support you.‎ ‎40．The plan will bring outabout good results.‎ ‎41.TakenTaking everything into consideration，the event was a great success.‎ ‎42．The majority of the waste havehas been buried under the ground.‎ ‎43．Unfortunately，the research was limited to increaseincreasing economic profits，rather than protecting the environment.‎ ‎44．Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightenedfrightening scene.‎ ‎45．There is very fewlittle profit in selling newspapers at present.‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎46．Bitten(bite) by the snake in the bush，Susan was sent back to the camp.‎ ‎47．The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.‎ ‎48．The table is in the way and you’d better get it removed(remove) at once.‎ ‎49．Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared(compare) to such art forms as music and painting.‎ ‎50．The new novel written(write) by a young girl will be adapted into a film soon.‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“文化意识”这一学科素养展开，有助于学生了解新兴科学和智能创新。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 主题：智能钱包　学科素养：文化意识 In today’s world of mobile payment，all we really need is a smart phone.But the traditional wallet became popular again after Azat Tovmasyan，who used to lose his wallets，had a creative idea.Thus，Volterman smart wallet was born，aiming to make traditional wallets cool again by bringing them into the hightech age.‎ Volterman smart wallets take wallet safety to a new level.It’s equipped with hightech functions，such as an alarm will warn you so that you don’t leave it behind.And if your wallet is lost or stolen，the GPS tracker can help you find it.‎ Even more interesting is the frontfacing camera.“If someone dares to open your wallet secretly，a little camera inside will take a picture and send it to your mobile phone via Internet.” Azat Tovmasyan said.“Once your wallet is stolen，you will find it easily with the help of a picture of the thief.” he added.‎ The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three models，with the cheapest one costing 179.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款新发明的智能钱包。‎ ‎1．Which is TRUE about the smart wallet according to the text?‎ A．It can be bought at the store now.‎ B．It is cheaper than the traditional wallet.‎ C．It can’t be opened by anyone else except the owner.‎ D．It has connection with the smart phone via Internet.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If someone dares to open your wallet secretly，a little camera inside will take a picture and send it to your mobile phone via Internet.”可知，智能钱包通过网络和智能手机连接。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?‎ A．The technology. B．The price.‎ C．The logo. D．The inventor.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。文章提到了智能钱包的发明者Azat Tovmasyan，价格 179以及警报和拍照技术，而没有提到它的商标。‎ ‎3．Where is the text probably taken from?‎ A．A travel guide.‎ B．A science magazine.‎ C．A book review.‎ D．A literature website.‎ 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。本文介绍了一款新发明的智能钱包，属于科技范畴，最有可能出现在科学杂志上。‎ Notes：‎ Ⅰ.高频词汇 ‎1．payment n．付款；支付 ‎2．smart adj.聪明的；智能的 ‎3．function n．功能 ‎4．via prep.通过；经由 Ⅱ.长难句分析 If someone dares to open your wallet secretly，a little camera inside will take a picture and send it to your mobile phone via Internet.‎ 分析　此句为复合句，其中If引导的是条件状语从句；主句中and连接take和send两个并列谓语。‎ 翻译　如果有人敢偷偷打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片，然后通过互联网发送到你手机上。‎ 模拟高考强化练 ‎ 练模拟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•山东枣庄一模)‎ Natalie Trayling is a famous street artist in Melbourne.At first，those who happened to pass by her and spare some change didn’t even realize what a musical genius was playing.The emotional tune was not only masterfully played but also composed by Natalie herself when she was only 14.Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.‎ But what people do not know is that behind the beautiful music of the old woman，it is full of bitterness.At the age of 12，she won a music scholarship at Santa Maria College.At 15 she knocked back a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London because her parents couldn’t pay nontuition costs.When she left school，she taught piano at Santa Maria.Later she met her husband，Denis.They had four children，but the two of them died.In 1984，Denis asked for a divorce.Natalie’s son，Nathan，was given medication for depression.Natalie lived either outdoors in Royal Park or in boarding houses for nine years.In late 2003 Natalie collapsed with anaemia(贫血) and was hospitalized for six months.‎ For half a century，Natalie has been teased by fate.But even so，she never gave up her love for music.When asked why the music was so important to her，she said，“Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.”‎ When Natalie went on the Internet，she became a sign of Melbourne.People are impressed by her persistence in dreams and the optimism of life.Now she is no longer wandering around.She can play the piano at any time，but as long as the weather is good，she will walk to the streets of Melbourne，and play a touching melody for the rush of the city.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了澳大利亚墨尔本的一位街头艺术家娜塔莉•崔玲。‎ ‎1．Why is Natalie’s music so touching to the passersby?‎ A．It is full of bitterness.‎ B．She composed it herself.‎ C．It’s a reflection of her own life.‎ D．It reminds of the beauty of life.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Gradually，as long as she appears，people will stop，absorbed in her music.Her music makes you think about calmness，the good things in life，and never giving up.”可知，路人听到娜塔莉的演奏都会驻足围观，因为娜塔莉的乐声能让你沉静下来，思考生命中那些美好的事物，让你觉得永远都不要放弃。故选D。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can replace the underlined words “knocked back” in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Gave up. B．Obtained.‎ C．Accepted. D．Was awarded.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据下文中的“because her parents couldn’t pay nontuition costs”可知，娜塔莉拒绝了伦敦皇家音乐学院的奖学金，因为她的父母负担不起其他的杂费。故选A。‎ ‎3．What does music mean to Natalie?‎ A．It’s her hobby.‎ B．It’s the source of her misfortune.‎ C．It is part of her life.‎ D．It’s a way to earn a living.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But even so，she never gave up her love for music.When asked why the music was so important to her，she said，‘Music is everything.I do feel part of it.The whole world is music.’”可知，音乐是她生活中的一部分。故选C。‎ ‎4．What does the author try to tell us?‎ A．Natalie is a musical genius.‎ B．Life is not easy for everyone.‎ C．Never give up halfway.‎ D．Natalie has a strong and brave heart.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段得知娜塔莉在网上走红后，一下子成了墨尔本的标志。人们被她对梦想的执着和对生活的乐观精神所打动。说明作者想通过本文向我们介绍墨尔本坚强、勇敢的街头艺术家娜塔莉。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018•河南南阳一中模拟)‎ Small talk，also called chitchat，is short conversations people have with others，while they wait in line at the store，at family events or work.Many people find these small conversations about random topics difficult.Some people say they hate it.Others say small talk is a waste of time.They may even call it idle chitchat or idle chatter，meaning it doesn’t do anything，so they think little of it. 5 ‎ These exchanges can open doors that may lead to larger，more meaningful conversations.When you first meet someone or talk to someone you don’t know well，it would be awkward to begin a conversation about a really deep topic. 6 Let’s say you make small talk with someone at a party.But they only want to talk about their cats.Then you can talk about animals together first，which may lead the conversation to the way you want.‎ ‎ 7 Chatting with a colleague about his child may help you to understand more of his life outside the office.This could help build healthy work relationships.‎ Small talk could even help your larger communities—your relationships with neighbors and colleagues.Exchanging a recipe with a neighbor may make her noises upstairs easier to live with.‎ ‎ 8 Most people said they do not talk to strangers while travelling on a subway.Researchers at the University of Chicago then asked some participants in a study to talk to people while communicating to work on a train.They found that those who made small talk with strangers were happier than those who sat alone. 9 Maybe your life will become more cheerful just because of it.‎ A．Small talk may make you happier.‎ B．So why not try talking to someone?‎ C．Small talk can give you the chance to start.‎ D．However，some people are not good at small talk.‎ E．However，small talk is of great importance to everyone.‎ F．Small talk can also increase your feeling of understanding.‎ G．It’s easy to start a conversation by sharing the same experience.‎ 语篇解读　闲聊对每个人都非常重要，本文重点阐述了闲聊的好处。‎ ‎5．答案　E 解析　下文讲了闲聊的好处，所以这里意思是“然而，闲聊对每个人都非常重要”，故选E。‎ ‎6．答案　C 解析　由该空前一句“When you first meet someone or talk to someone you don’t know well，it would be awkward to begin a conversation about a really deep topic.”可知这里意思是“闲聊可以给你开始的机会”，故选C。‎ ‎7．答案　F 解析　由该空后的“Chatting with a colleague about his child may help you to understand more of his life outside the office.This could help build healthy work relationships.”可知这里意思是“闲聊也可以增加你的理解力”，故选F。‎ ‎8．答案　A 解析　由下文中的“They found that those who made small talk with strangers were happier than those who sat alone.”可知这里意思是“闲聊会让你更快乐”，故选A。‎ ‎9．答案　B 解析　由空格后的“Maybe your life will become more cheerful just because of it.”可知这里意思是“所以为什么不试着和别人说话呢？”故选B。‎ ‎ 过高考 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2017•3月天津)‎ Standing in front of the bike shop，Dave stared at the shiny red bicycle in the window.He could 10 himself riding the bike in Saturday’s race and winning the firstplace medal and prize money.“With that bike，I could even 11 Adam，” Dave thought.‎ He rode on and stopped at Peck’s clothing store.The coat he 12 to buy his mother for her birthday was still on sale.Dave knew she would 13 buy it for herself.She worked hard just to make 14 meet.But the prize money would be 15 for him to buy that coat and surprise her.‎ Dave looked at his old bike.Two years ago，he found some old bicycles at the 16 and used the parts to make one bike.He called it his recycled bike.“I’ll never 17 the race on this old bike，” Dave sighed.‎ As Dave passed the junkyard，he noticed a newerlooking bike tire.He started 18 the huge junk pile.Finally，he found 19 he was looking for.“These two tires and the handgrips(自行车把套) are just 20 for my bike.”‎ Arriving home，Dave put the used tires and the handgrips on his 21 bike，and oiled the chain.He stood back and admired the 22 he had made.“I might win that race after all，” he said to himself.‎ The next morning，when Dave and his mom got to the park，about thirty kids had already 23 .‎ Dave headed for the start line 24 Mom found a seat at the finish line.‎ Bang！The riders rushed off.Dave 25 Adam，who was in the lead.He 26 to pass one rider after another and was approaching Adam.Leaning forward，Dave pedaled harder and faster. 27 he sped by Adam and crossed the finish line.‎ As the announcer awarded Dave the 28 and the check for fifty dollars，he asked，“What are you going to do with the prize money，Dave？”‎ ‎“It’s a 29 ，” Dave said and waved to his mom.‎ 语篇解读　戴夫要参加自行车比赛，并想赢得比赛，用赢得的奖金给妈妈买生日礼物。但戴夫却无力购买新的自行车，只好在废物堆积场捡了些零件组装到自己的旧自行车上。最后戴夫赢得了比赛，获得了奖金和奖牌。‎ ‎10．A.find B．picture C．keep D．watch 答案　B 解析　根据上句可知，站在自行车商店的前面，盯着商店窗内的闪耀的红色的自行车，戴夫想象自己在周六的比赛上骑着自行车并且赢得一等奖奖牌和奖金。picture想象，符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.beat B．join C．help D．rescue 答案　A 解析　根据上文戴夫想象自己在周六的比赛上骑着自行车并且赢得一等奖奖牌和奖金可知，戴夫有了那辆自行车，甚至可以战胜亚当。beat打败，战胜。‎ ‎12．A.agreed B．claimed C．demanded D．planned 答案　D 解析　根据上文可知，戴夫还没有参加比赛，也没有赢得奖金，所以戴夫计划给妈妈买的外套仍在出售。agree同意；claim声称；demand要求；plan计划。‎ ‎13．A.probably B．definitely C．never D．seldom 答案　C 解析　根据下文“She worked hard just to make...”可知，戴夫知道妈妈绝对不会为她自己买那件外套。‎ ‎14．A.ends B．eyes C．roads D．rules 答案　A 解析　根据文章内容可知，妈妈努力工作仅是为了收支相抵。make ends meet收支相抵，为固定搭配。‎ ‎15．A.hard B．reliable C．enough D．tight 答案　C 解析　根据该句中的“surprise her”可知，那些奖金将会足够去买那件外套，然后给妈妈一个惊喜。‎ ‎16．A.park B．junkyard C．school D．court 答案　B 解析　根据常识可知，一般在废物堆积场可以找到一些旧的自行车以及用过的零件，下文“As Dave passed the junkyard”也有提示。‎ ‎17．A.enter B．lose C．abandon D．win 答案　D 解析　根据下文“Dave sighed”可知，既然是叹气，应该是他担心用他的这辆旧自行车不能赢得这场比赛。‎ ‎18．A.going through B．carrying out C．throwing away D．taking back 答案　A 解析　根据“Finally，he found he was looking for”可知，戴夫开始仔细察看那个巨大的垃圾堆以寻找他需要的部件。go through仔细检查，察看；carry out执行，实行；throw away扔掉，丢弃；take back拿回。‎ ‎19．A.that B．which C．what D．whom 答案　C 解析　found后是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少look for的宾语，应用what引导。‎ ‎20．A.right B．unique C．simple D．advanced 答案　A 解析　根据上文戴夫发现了他寻找的东西，可以推出他找到了正好适合他的自行车的两个轮胎和自行车把套。right正合适的，符合语境。‎ ‎21．A.hired B．used C．purchased D．recycled 答案　D 解析　根据上文“He called it his recycled bike.”可知，应用recycled。‎ ‎22．A.contributions B．changes C．profits D．discoveries 答案　B 解析　根据上文“Arriving home，Dave put the used tires and the handgrips on his bike，and oiled the chain.”可知，他对自行车进行了改装。change改变，符合语境。‎ ‎23．A.started B．separated C．gathered D．recovered 答案　C 解析　大约30个孩子已经聚集好了。gather聚集。‎ ‎24．A.while B．but C．so D．or 答案　A 解析　戴夫朝起点走去而妈妈在终点找到座位。while表对比转折。‎ ‎25．A.held back B．gave in to C．concentrated on D．broke away from 答案　C 解析　根据下文“He to pass one rider after another and was approaching Adam.”可知，戴夫全神贯注于追赶亚当。concentrate on全神贯注于。‎ ‎26．A.prepared B．arranged C．offered D．managed 答案　D 解析　根据下文“he sped by Adam and crossed the finish line”可知，戴夫成功地超过一个又一个选手并且接近亚当。manage设法做到，成功做成。‎ ‎27．A.Suddenly B．Eventually C．Recently D．Usually 答案　B 解析　根据下文戴夫获得奖牌和奖金可知，戴夫最终超过了亚当并且越过了终点线。suddenly突然；eventually最后；recently最近；usually通常。‎ ‎28．A.coat B．degree C．bicycle D．medal 答案　D 解析　根据上文“winning the firstplace medal and prize money”可知是奖牌。‎ ‎29．A.coincidence B．promise C．surprise D．message 答案　C 解析　根据上文“But the prize money would be for him to buy that coat and surprise her.”可知，它是一个惊喜。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 ‎(2018•全国Ⅰ)‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years 30. (long) than nonrunners.You don’t have to run fast or for long 31. (see) the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 32. (die) early by running.‎ While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it 33. (be) more effective at lengthening life 34. walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 35. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 36. (cause)．‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise...it’s probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 37. (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it’s always 38. (energy)．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 39. a try.‎ ‎30．答案　longer 解析　考查形容词的比较等级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。‎ ‎31．答案　to see 解析　考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就会见到效果”，不定式短语to see the benefit作目的状语。‎ ‎32．答案　dying 解析　考查非谓语动词之动名词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。‎ ‎33．答案　is 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知这里用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用is。‎ ‎34．答案　than 解析　考查连词。根据句中的比较级more effective可知，这里是把running与walking，cycling及swimming进行比较，故填than。‎ ‎35．答案　that/which 解析　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a study，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。‎ ‎36．答案　causes 解析　考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。‎ ‎37．答案　strengthen 解析　考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。‎ ‎38．答案　energetic 解析　考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。‎ ‎39．答案　running/it 解析　考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。give sth.a try尝试一下某事。‎