2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit3Lifeinthefuture单元学案（38页） 38页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit3Life in the future单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．aspect n. 　　　　　　　　 方面；层面 ‎2．timetable n. 时间表；时刻表 ‎3．typist n. 打字员 ‎4．tablet n. 药片 ‎5．steward n．[纵联1] 乘务员；服务员 ‎6．stewardess n. 女乘务员 ‎7．mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装 ‎8．citizen n. 公民；居民；市民 ‎9．ecology n. 生态；生态学 ‎10．postage n. 邮资 ‎11．receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒 ‎12．dustbin n. 垃圾箱 ‎13．button n. 纽扣；按钮 ‎14．goods n．[纵联2] 货物 ‎15．belt n. 腰带；皮带 ‎16．motivation n. 动机 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．previous adj. 在前的；早先的 ‎2．fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢 ‎3．representative n.‎ adj.[纵联3] 代表；典型人物典型的；有代表性的 ‎4．flash vt.&vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现 ‎5．guide n. 指导；向导；导游 vt. 指引；指导 ‎6．lack vi.&vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺的东西 ‎7．switch n. 开关；转换 vt. 转换 ‎8．optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的 ‎9．material n. 原料；材料 ‎10．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用 ‎11．greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的 ‎12．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．容忍 ‎2．impression n．印象；感想；印记→impress vt.(使)留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的 ‎3．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地 ‎4．surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的 ‎→surround vt.围绕 ‎5．adjustment n．调整；调节→adjust vt.调整；使适应 ‎6．press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)[纵联4]‎ ‎7．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.马上 ‎8．settlement n．定居；解决→settle v．定居；解决 ‎9．exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的→exhaust vt.耗尽 ‎10．uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.确信的；有把握的→certainty n．确信 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.男女有别 ‎　①steward乘务员stewardess女乘务员　　②waiter男服务员waitress女服务员 ‎③actor男演员actress女演员 ④host男主人 hostess女主人 纵联2.单复数意义不同的名词集锦 ‎　①good善行；好处 goods货物 ‎②time时间 times时代 ‎③custom习惯；风俗 customs海关 ‎④instruction指导 instructions用法说明 ‎⑤pain痛苦 pains辛苦；努力 ‎⑥sand沙子 sands沙滩 ‎⑦work工作 works作品 ‎⑧look脸色；看 looks容貌 纵联3.后缀ive形容词大观园 ‎①representative典型的 ②impressive给人印象深刻的 ‎③creative创造性的 ④constructive建设性的 ‎⑤expensive昂贵的 ⑥active积极的 ‎⑦descriptive描述的 ⑧attractive吸引人的 纵联4.不一样的“press”‎ ‎①press v．按；压 ②pressure n．压力 ‎③express vt.表达 ④impression n．印象 ‎⑤impress vt.(使)留下深刻印象 ‎⑥expression n．表达 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——未来生活 子话题1　生活住所 ‎①arrangement n．安排；布置 ②flat n．公寓 ‎③roof n．屋顶；最高处 ④ceiling n．天花板 ‎⑤lift n．电梯 ⑥garage n．车库 ‎⑦balcony n．阳台 ⑧basement n．地下室 ‎⑨storey n．楼层 ⑩intelligent adj.智能的 子话题2　家具及陈设 ‎ ‎①decorate v．装饰；布置 ②cupboard n．碗柜；食橱 ‎③drawer n．抽屉 ④shelf n．架子 ‎⑤vase n．花瓶 ⑥carpet n．地毯 ‎⑦automatic adj.自动化的 ⑧armchair n．扶手椅 ‎⑨bench n．长凳；工作台 ⑩couch n．睡椅；长沙发 ‎⑪furnish vt.布置；为……配备家具 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2016•江苏高考阅读D)It didn’t take long for ShellyAnn to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously❶ had been living in poverty, __❷__ (surround) by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.‎ ‎①写出加彩词在本单元的同根形容词：previous，意为“先前的”‎ ‎②用surround的适当形式填空：surrounded ‎2．(2016•江苏高考阅读D)Stephen Francis observed then eighteenyearold ShellyAnn at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive❶， but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her ___❷__ (lack). ‎ ‎①impressive在此处意为“给人印象深刻的”，写出它在本单元的同根名词：impression ‎②用lack的适当形式填空：lacking，此时用作形容词，意为“缺乏的；不足的”‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•6月浙江高考写作)我精通英语，并有陪伴外国朋友的经验。我的确相信我能担任这项志愿者工作并作为你的向导。(guide)‎ I_have_a_good_command_of_English,_and_also_have_some_experience_in_accompanying_foreign_friends._I_do_believe_I_am_suited_for_this_voluntary_work_and_can_serve_as_your_guide.‎ ‎2．(2016•江苏高考书面表达)此外，网络投票使得即时反馈(feedback)成为可能。(instant)‎ Furthermore,_voting_on_the_Internet_makes_instant_feedback_possible.‎ ‎3．(2013•广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。(tolerate)‎ In_some_experts’_opinion,_living_conditions_on_the_Mars_are_very_hard_to_tolerate.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.　　 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事 ‎(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受 tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I can’t tolerate working (work) with Kate in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.‎ ‎②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go.‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎③When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to bear.(升级加彩词汇)‎ ‎→When he went abroad, he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put_up_with.‎ ‎[联想]　“容忍；忍受”的种种表达 ‎①tolerate vt.　 忍受　　 ②bear vt.　　　 忍受 ‎③stand vt. 忍受 ④put up with 忍受；容忍 ‎2．lack vt.&vi.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)for lack of　　　　　　　　 因缺乏……‎ a lack of 缺乏……‎ ‎(2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.‎ ‎②Though lacking (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.‎ ‎③While college graduates complain of a lack of available jobs, factories are facing difficulties in hiring workers.‎ ‎[用准]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。‎ ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎④Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.‎ ‎→Though_lacking_in_experience,_Jack made up for it in enthusiasm.(省略句)‎ ‎3．press vi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)press ...against/to ...　 把……压/挤/贴在……‎ press sb.to do sth. 极力劝说/敦促某人做某事 ‎(2)pressure n. 压(力)；压强；强制 put pressure on ... 给……施压 under pressure 面临压力；受到压力 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Pressed (press) by my friends, I decided to seize the opportunity.‎ ‎②Out of curiosity, the little girl pressed her nose against the shop ‎ window.‎ ‎③(2018•江苏高考)The report said they also faced pressure (press) to respond to messages at all hours of the day — especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.‎ ‎[写美]　 翻译句子 ‎④无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途放弃。‎ No_matter_how_much_pressure_you_are_under,_you_will_never_give_up_halfway.‎ ‎4．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in an instant＝instantly　　　　　 立刻；马上 for an instant 一瞬间；顷刻 (2)the instant＝instantlythe moment/the minute＋从句instantly/immediately/directly＋从句一……就……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①He paused for an instant before continuing.‎ ‎②In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。‎ ‎③Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the_instant/instantly she read the letter.‎ ‎④Much to my surprise, on_reading_the_letter,_she burst out crying.(on)‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．If a student lacks (缺乏) the motivation to study, he will quickly become tired of studying.‎ ‎2．Their boss is strict and won’t tolerate (容忍) any mistakes in their daily work.‎ ‎3．As a diligent student, he is greedy (渴望的) for success.‎ ‎4．They recycle (循环利用)their garbage because they care about the environment.‎ ‎5．Teachers think highly of Alice, because she is_constantly (不断地) working hard.‎ ‎6．My sister is optimistic (乐观的) about her chance of winning the English speech contest.‎ ‎7．Cities are usually warmer than surrounding (周围的) rural areas, so it’s wise to live in cities in winter.‎ ‎8．The new school year is right around the corner, but the adjustment (调整) to returning to school may take a few weeks.‎ ‎9．I typed the report by myself, for the only_typist (打字员) took a day off.‎ ‎10．Using an iPad, we can listen to music, download lots of learning materials (材料) and read them.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As far as I know, our English teacher as well as other teachers never ‎ tolerates cheating (cheat) in the exams.‎ ‎2．The greedy boss pressed his workers to_work (work) 16 hours a day.‎ ‎3．Guided (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.‎ ‎4．All passengers on board are expected to_fasten (fasten) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.‎ ‎5．Your art skills are excellent and admirable, which leave me a deep impression (impress)．‎ ‎6．After the explosion the army blocked the surrounding (surround) area and forbad anyone to enter it.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Whether a child can grow up healthily or not depends on the surrounding in which he lives.surrounding→surroundings ‎2．Deeply impressed on its beauty, I fell in love with Guilin. on→by ‎3．It is so greedy for you to leave none of the cake for everyone else.第一个for→of ‎4．It is widely agreed that pressing students to studying is not a good idea.studying→study ‎5．It is necessary that we should switch our mobile phones before boarding.switch后加off Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．由于缺乏自信心，琳达没参加诗歌比赛。(lack)‎ Linda didn’t take part in the poetry competition for_lack_of_confidence.‎ ‎2．请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。(the instant/instantly)‎ Please send me an email the_instant/instantly_you_reach_Yunnan.‎ ‎3．我总是梦想着拥有一座被树木和鲜花环绕的房子。(surround)‎ I am always dreaming of having a house surrounded_by/with_trees_and_flowers.‎ ‎4．在一位当地村民的带领下，我们最终找到了那座古老的城堡。(guide)‎ ‎①We were_guided_by_a_local_villager,_and finally found the ancient castle.(并列句)‎ ‎②Guided_by_a_local_villager,_we finally found the ancient castle.(分词作状语)‎ ‎③With_a_local_villager_guiding_us,_we finally found the ancient castle.(with复合结构)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．take_up [串记1]　 　　 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用；从事 ‎2．(a)_lack_of 缺乏……‎ ‎3．be_back_on_one’s_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原 ‎4．lose_sight_of_... 看不见……‎ ‎5．sweep_up 打扫；横扫 ‎6．slide_into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……‎ ‎7．speed_up 加速 ‎8．remind_sb.of_... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……‎ ‎9．in_all_directions 向四面八方 ‎10．suffer_from [串记2] 患有(疾病等)；遭受 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.常见的“动词＋up”短语扫描 ‎①take up拿起；接受　　　　　 ②keep up保持；维持 ‎③set up建造；创立 ④bring up教育；培养 ‎⑤build up建立；增强 ⑥turn up出现；露面 ‎⑦clear up整理；(天空)放晴 ⑧hold up举起；耽搁 串记2.“v.＋from”短语荟萃 ‎①suffer from遭受 ②result from由于；起因于 ‎③hear from收到……的来信 ④escape from从……逃脱 ‎⑤benefit from从……中获益 ⑥die from死于……‎ ‎⑦date from始于；起源于 ‎ ‎ ‎1．be described as ... 被描述成……‎ ‎2．be stored on ... 被存储在……‎ ‎3．be optimistic about 对……乐观的 ‎4．as a result 结果；因此 ‎5．be greedy for ... 对……贪婪的 ‎6．fall fast asleep 很快入睡 ‎7．be similar to 与……相似 ‎8．show sb. around/round_ 带领某人参观 ‎ ‎ ‎1．At first my new surroundings were_difficult_to_tolerate.‎ 开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。‎ ‎2．Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air,_my head ached.‎ 由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。‎ ‎3．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.‎ 可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多气垫车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。‎ ‎4．Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.‎ 我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(词汇替换/补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)be_back_on_our_feet ‎2．(2015•浙江高考阅读C)In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose_sight_of (看不见) our true place in the universe.‎ ‎3．(2014•江苏高考任务型阅读)This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take_up (开始) a good habit or drop a bad one.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2013•四川高考书面表达)很明显，一个好的学习习惯可以帮助我们加速达到我们的目标。‎ Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to_speed_up_to_reach_our_destinations.‎ ‎2．(2015•湖南高考写作)得知我所处的境况后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢自信地走出困境。(what引导名词性从句)‎ After learning what_situation_I_was_in,_my teacher, Michael, encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．take up占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中take up的含义 ‎①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占据 ‎②I put the telephone down and took up my work again.继续 ‎③(2015•陕西高考)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.从事 ‎④I’m going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing. 接受 ‎[记牢]‎ take off　　　　　 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞 take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理 take down 写下；记下；拆除 take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗 take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤With the development of science and technology, our country has taken_on a new look.‎ ‎⑥The house where I grew up has been taken_down and replaced by an office building.‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎⑦He didn’t understand what he read because his mind was focused on something else.(升级加彩词汇)‎ ‎→He didn’t take_in what he read because his mind was focused on something else.‎ ‎2．lose sight of ...看不见……；忽略……‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)catch sight of　　　　　 望见；看到 lose one’s sight 失明 come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘 ‎(2)at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到 in/within sight 在视野内 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①They fell in love at_first_sight,_and three months later, they got married.‎ ‎②Only a shortsighted man will lose_sight_of the importance of education.‎ ‎③At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight.‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎④I saw her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.(升级加彩词汇)‎ ‎→I caught_sight_of her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.‎ ‎3．speed up加速 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)reduce speed＝slow down　　　 减速 pick up speed 逐渐加速 ‎(2)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of ... 以……速度 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！‎ ‎” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”‎ ‎②Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300,000km per second.‎ ‎③Once outside the station, the train began to pick up speed.‎ ‎[用准]　speed的过去式、 过去分词有两种形式： speeded, speeded或sped, sped。‎ ‎[写美]　 翻译句子 ‎④现代发明大大加速了人们的生活节奏。‎ Modern_inventions_have_greatly_speeded_up_people’s_pace_of_life.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．过去分词短语作状语 ‎[教材原句]　Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air,_my head ached.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Offered (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.‎ ‎(2)Located (locate) in the central district, the Xi’an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.‎ ‎(3)(2016•北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。‎ ‎(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。‎ ‎(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Shown this Sunday afternoon, the film will last two hours.(要点句)‎ ‎2．形容词(短语)作状语 ‎[教材原句]　Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy (health)．‎ ‎(2)Surprised (surprise) and happy, he stood up and accepted the prize.‎ ‎(3)The boy lay on the sofa, relaxed (relax)．‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。‎ 注意事项 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Worried about making mistakes, I’m writing to bother you to correct the words and format in the material I attach to the letter.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)Too nervous, I couldn’t think of anything at the beginning of the exam. However, I didn’t worry but tried to calm myself down.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 lose sight of， take up， slide into， be back on one's feet， sweep up， speed up ‎1．Sue_slid_into_the office of Mr. Brown and took the important papers away.‎ ‎2．Mary swept_up all the broken glass before her mother came back home after work.‎ ‎3．Because Susan was in France at that time, her youngest sister took_up the prize in place of her.‎ ‎4．Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed_up economic development.‎ ‎5．I took a careful search in the crowds at the exit of the station, but I still lost_sight_of my cousin.‎ ‎6．Her father fell off the truck and was able to be_back_on_his_feet after two weeks’ treatment in the hospital.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。(what引导名词性从句)‎ He wanted to know what_the_manager_had_said at the meeting.‎ ‎2．又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人服务员迅速过来招待他。(形容词作状语)‎ Tired_and_thirsty,_he went into a teahouse and a robot waiter quickly came up to serve him.‎ ‎3．从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。‎ ‎①When_it_is_seen_from the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful. (时间状语从句)‎ ‎②Seen_from the top of the high building, the park looks even more beautiful.(分词作状语)‎ ‎③Seeing_from the top of the high building, I find the park even more beautiful.(分词作状语)‎ ‎4．这个看似很难的问题其实很容易回答。(be＋adj.＋to do)‎ The question that/which seems difficult is_actually_easy_to_answer.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你校英语报拟刊登主题为“未来生活”的文章。请根据下面内容和你的畅想写一篇短文，向英语报投稿。‎ ‎1．环境：更舒适、更美丽；‎ ‎2．能源：太阳能、风能、海水成为能源；‎ ‎3．生活：丰衣足食，周游世界；‎ ‎4．工作学习：效率更高，压力更小。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文是以主题为“未来生活的畅想”向报社投稿。时态以将来时为主，人称为第一人称。根据题目及写作要求，可从三个方面构思：开头：对未来的生活态度(积极乐观)；主体：依据所给出的4个要点(环境；能源；生活；工作学习)进行展开，由于要点明确，依次表达出即可；结尾：总结对未来生活的畅想。‎ 要点1：随着科技的发展，我对未来生活积极乐观。(optimistic)‎ With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_I_am_optimistic_about_life_in_the_future.‎ 要点2－①：环境将会更加舒适和美丽。‎ The_surroundings_will_be_more_comfortable_and_beautiful.‎ 要点2－②：太阳能、风能将会被充分利用，海水也将会转变成能源。‎ Solar_energy_and_wind_energy_will_have_been_made_full_use_of_and_sea_water_will_have_been_switched_into_energy_as_well.‎ 要点2－③：我们将会丰衣足食。我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。‎ We_will_be_provided_with_enough_food_and_clothing.We_can_spend_more_time_travelling_around_the_world.‎ 要点2－④：我们能更高效地工作，并且我们在学习或工作上的压力将会更小。‎ We_can_work_more_efficiently,_and_we_will_have_less_stress_either_from_our_study_or_work.‎ 要点3：在未来，我们会更富有，我们的生活将会更丰富多彩。‎ We_will_be_much_richer_and_our_life_will_be_more_colourful_in_the_future.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使要点在内容上和形式上更丰满，可对要点2－①增加定语从句拓展为“我们生活的环境将会更加舒适和美丽。”；要点2－②使用because 引导原因状语从句并添加结果“人们将不再担心缺乏能源”；把要点2－③用not only ...but also ...倒装句型合并升级；要点2－④升级为强调句型说明工作效率提高所带来的结果。‎ 拓展要点2－①：我们生活的环境将会更加舒适和美丽。(定语从句)‎ The_surroundings_where_we_live_will_be_more_comfortable_and_beautiful.‎ 拓展要点2－②：因为太阳能、风能将会被充分利用，海水也会转变成能源，因此人们将不再担心缺乏能源。(because引导原因状语从句)‎ People_will_not_worry_about_lack_of_energy_any_longer_because_solar_energy_and_wind_energy_will_have_been_made_full_use_of_and_sea_water_will_have_been_switched_into_energy_as_well.‎ 升级要点2－③：我们不但会丰衣足食，而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(not only ...but also ...倒装句型)‎ Not_only_will_we_be_provided_with_enough_food_and_clothing,_but_we_can_also_spend_more_time_travelling_around_the_world.‎ 升级要点2－④：正是因为我们能更高效地工作，所以我们学习或工作上的压力将会更小。(强调句型)‎ It_is_because_we_can_work_more_efficiently_that_we_will_have_less_stress_either_from_our_study_or_work.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合写作要点， 文章可采用“总分总”式结构组织全文。根据上下文中的逻辑关系，可添加过渡词by that time， furthermore， all in all使文章过渡自然。‎ With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_I_am_optimistic_about_life_in_the_future.‎ By_that_time,_the_surroundings_where_we_live_will_be_more_comfortable_and_beautiful.People_will_not_worry_about_lack_of_energy_any_longer_because_solar_energy_and_wind_energy_will_have_been_made_full_use_of_and_sea_water_will_have_been_switched_into_energy_as_well.Not_only_will_we_be_provided_with_enough_food_and_clothing,_but_we_can_also_spend_more_time_travelling_around_the_world.Furthermore,_it_is_because_we_can_work_more_efficiently_that_we_will_have_less_stress_either_from_our_study_or_work.‎ All_in_all,_we_will_be_much_richer_and_our_life_will_be_more_colourful_in_the_future.‎ ‎ ‎ 理清段落结构之(五)　呼应 所谓呼应是指在开头和结尾的内容上有极其密切的关系，是对同一情况做出解释、说明、交代的。呼应可以使文章浑然一体，更具有突出的作用。呼应之处一般是文章要重点强调的内容，也是文章主旨所在，利用这种呼应关系，可解阅读类题目中的主旨及前后照应型题目。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅱ•D篇 文章开头用描述现象引出“small talk”的重要性 ‎ ‎ 文章结尾以研究报告的结论再次强调了“small talk”的重要性 [1]We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ ‎[2]What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ ‎[3]Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication,‎ ‎ says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.” ‎ ‎[4]In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also.”‎ ‎[5]Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2014•福建卷•完形填空 So it was with really great 40(satisfaction) that I stood in church one recent Sunday, video camera in hand, and 41(watched) my 68yearold ‎ father sweating in his shirt __42__ rising to play the piano in his very first recital.‎ ‎...‎ For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard, he 47(simply) stared down at his fingers.‎ ‎42．A.through　　　　 　B．from C．against D．before ‎[分析]　首尾呼应。根据47题前面的“For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard”可知，作者的父亲其实还没有开始演奏，所以他sweating in his shirt应是在rising to play the piano之前的表现，故选D。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2014•北京卷•完形填空 ‎...She was really small for her age of 12. The boys in my class often 36(joked) about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.‎ ‎...I looked down at this __38__ girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.‎ ‎38．A.rich B．proud C．tiny D．popular ‎[分析]　首尾呼应。根据36空前面的句子“She was really small for her age of 12”可知，这个女孩很娇小，故选tiny。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019•江西名校联盟5月检测)The UK has a whole host of things to do for free or at a low price and there are a number of websites devoted to bringing you the best.Take a look at our guide to some of our favorite UK cities.‎ London If you live in or near London and have access to the Internet, you’ll discover many choices of free entertainment. The Londonist is an amusing website that offers daily and weekly breakdowns of the free and cheap events in the city.Categories include art, comedy, music, food and drink, theater, festivals and talks.Head over to londonist.com for the latest schedule of affordable entertainment. Time Out’s website (timeout.com/london) also has lots of information about free fun in the lively capital.‎ Find out why the 60s really cemented (巩固) London as the counterculture capital of the UK in our shop.‎ Manchester Manchester is probably one of the top creative centers of England (if not the UK)．If you need any further convincing then head over to Creative Tourist where you can find bags of daytime and nighttime entertainment that’s easy_on_the_pocket. While you’re there you can also check out ‎ Liverpool and Sheffield.‎ Manchester is an historical city, which has shaped life in Britain.Take a look in our shop.‎ Glasgow If Manchester is the creative center of England then Glasgow has to be the creative center of Scotland.You can visit Scotland’s Center for Design and Architecture at The Lighthouse, or go over to the Gallery of Modern Art, and then there’s the wonderful and strange Hunterian Museum. For the lowdown on the best free of Glasgow, take a look at VisitScotland.‎ For a look at Glasgow’s picturesque qualities click here.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一些关于英国著名城市的网站以及这些网站中的一些项目的信息。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined phrase “easy on the pocket” mean?‎ A．Available.　　　　　　 　B．Favorable.‎ C．Affordable. D．Reasonable.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，该篇文章的主要内容就是介绍一些关于英国城市中免费的或较为便宜的娱乐项目的网站，由此可推知，easy on the pocket应该是“易于负担……的费用”的意思。affordable“花费得起的，担负得起的”符合语境，故选C项。‎ ‎2．Which website can you visit if you are interested in architecture?‎ A．Londonist. B．Creative Tourist.‎ C．Time Out. D．VisitScotland.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Glasgow部分中的“You can visit Scotland’s Center for Design and Architecture ... take a look at VisitScotland.”可知，答案为D。‎ ‎3．Where can you probably find the passage?‎ A．In a geography book. B．In a fashion magazine.‎ C．In a tourist brochure. D．On the Internet.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些关于英国著名城市的网站以及这些网站中的一些项目的信息，根据文章内容及文章最后一句中的“click here”可知，这篇文章可以在网上看到，故答案为D。‎ B What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology. With the help of new medicine，the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.‎ In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real ‎ technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on — in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.‎ It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了人类的生命由于生物技术的发展可以无限期延长的愿望有可能成为现实。‎ ‎4．According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by ________.‎ ‎ A．diseases and aging B．accidents and war ‎ C．accidents and aging D．heart disease and war 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Today’s leading ‎ killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.”可知A为正确选项。‎ ‎5．In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in ________. ‎ A．medicine B．the Internet C．brain cells D．human organs 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知B为正确选项。‎ ‎6．Humans may live longer in the future because ________.‎ A．heart disease will be far away from us B．human brains can decide the final death C．the basic materials of cells will last forever D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段“people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs”可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎7．We can infer from the passage that ________.‎ A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now C．many things have to be done before humans can have a longer life D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知C为正确选项。‎ C ‎(2019•石家庄重点中学高三摸底)Many Canadians are aware that problems with the nation’s health care system have resulted in a lack of hospital beds and medical equipment, overcrowded emergency rooms, long waiting lists, and not enough family doctors.‎ ‎ Over the last 10 years, the number of medical students choosing the family practice as their lifelong career has been dropping at a surprising rate. When asked why they lack interest in family medicine, the students cite (援引) a heavy student debt load and the long hours required of a doctor who is managing the family practice. As in other kinds of work, young doctors today want a balance between their professional and personal lives.‎ In British Columbia (BC) this problem is made worse because the province produces fewer medical graduates for each person than any other province in Canada. The provincial government has committed itself to doubling the number of medical student graduates. This strategy doesn’t come close to giving us the new doctors needed each year in BC to replace those who are retiring, moving out of the province, reducing their hours of practice, or dying.‎ ‎ The primary care system is showing its cracks. Ten years ago, 2,030 of BC’s family doctors were providing obstetrical (产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service. Although delivering babies is ‎ a “good news” area of medicine, the hours are long, but the reward for bringing new life into the world is modest. It’s no surprise, then, that many of BC’s family doctors are no longer taking on new patients. In 1999, there were 1,420 family doctors accepting new patients — in 2004 that number declined to 599, a drop of 58%.‎ The foundation of primary care needs to be strengthened. The Working Agreement between the doctors and the government includes a series of primary care renewal projects designed to make the family practice more attractive to medical graduates, improve upon working conditions, and entice family doctors from outside BC to start their business here. Yet still more needs to be done.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题。‎ ‎8．What makes medical students unwilling to be family physicians?‎ A．The student debt and long working hours.‎ B．Long term of study at a medical school.‎ C．A limited number of places in the medical school.‎ D．An increasing number of patients and long waiting lists for specialists.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“When asked why they lack interest in family medicine ...who is managing the family practice.”可知，学生债务负担和工作时间长成为阻碍医科学生选择家庭医生的两大障碍，故选A。‎ ‎9．What does the text say about family doctors in BC?‎ A．They are no longer needed.‎ B．They are too few in number.‎ C．They will soon become abundant.‎ D．They are rapidly leaving the province.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“Ten years ago, 2,030 of BC’s family doctors were providing obstetrical (产科的) care. Today just 945 are performing this invaluable service.”，并结合本段最后一句“In 1999, there were 1,420 family doctors ...a drop of 58%.”可知，在BC，家庭医生的数量在急剧下降，缺口很大，故选B。‎ ‎10．Which can replace the underlined word “entice” in the last paragraph?‎ A．Forbid. B．Hire.‎ C．Remind. D．Attract.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的关键词“attractive”和“improve”可推知，画线词在此处的含义与D项“吸引”相近，故选D。‎ ‎11．What is the primary purpose of the text?‎ A．To show sympathy for family doctors.‎ B．To inspire young people to be family doctors.‎ C．To stress the urgent need of more family doctors.‎ D．To tell the disadvantages of being family doctors.‎ 解析：选C ‎　写作意图题。根据第一段的点题，并结合全文的内容可推知，本文主要介绍了加拿大家庭医生严重缺乏的问题，故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2019•合肥市高三调研)Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. __1__ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.‎ Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. __2__ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.‎ Don’t take information on authority until you’ve investigated it yourself. Instead of doublechecking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from doublechecking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. __3__‎ Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. __4__ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight is into yourself and others, the wiser ‎ your decisions will be.‎ ‎ __5__ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自我价值感) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.‎ A．Actually, it’s about thinking better.‎ B．Surround yourself with people smarter than you.‎ C．Be someone that people know that they can count on.‎ D．You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.‎ E．But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?‎ F．The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.‎ G．So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了构建批判性思维的方法。‎ ‎1．选A　由上文“It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.”可推知，空处应进一步解释批判性思维的真正含义，所以选A项。‎ ‎2．选E　根据下文中的“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.”可推知，我们所做的一些假定有可能是错误的，因此需要全部重建，所以选E项。‎ ‎3．选G　由上文中的“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of ‎ things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.”可推知，将信息归类使我们不能够追根究底，因此出版在杂志上或网上的信息并不一定是真的，所以选G项。‎ ‎4．选D　根据上文中的“Put yourself in other people’s shoes.”，以及此处与下文中的“The deeper your insight is into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.”呼应可推知，只有充分了解他人的情况，作出的决定才会更明智，所以选D项。‎ ‎5．选B　根据空处所在位置可知，此处为主题句，再结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲了和比自己聪明的人在一起可以提高批判性技能，所以选B项。‎