2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4Bodylanguage单元学案（37页word解析版） 37页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit4Body language单元学案 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．flight n．　　　　　　　　 飞行；航班 ‎2．cheek n. 面颊 ‎3．dash vi. 猛冲；突进 ‎4．simply adv. 简单地；只 ‎5．posture n. 姿势；体态 ‎6．crossroads n. 十字路口 ‎7．frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎8．misread vt.　　　　　　　 读错；误解 ‎9．facial adj. 面部的 ‎10．fist n. 拳头 ‎11．yawn vi. 打呵欠 ‎12．respectful adj. 恭敬的 ‎13．subjective adj. 主观的 ‎14．rank n. 等级；军衔 ‎15．cassette n. 磁带 ‎16．employee n. 雇员　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎1．greet vi.& vt.　 　　　　 迎接；问候 ‎2．represent vt. 代表；象征 ‎3．dormitory n. 宿舍 ‎ ‎4．canteen n. 食堂 ‎5．curious adj. 好奇的 ‎6．curiously adv. 好奇地 ‎7．approach vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近 n. 接近；方法；途径　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎8．defend vt.　　　　　　　 保护；保卫 ‎9．defence n. 防御；保卫 ‎10．major adj. 主要的 ‎11．misunderstand vt. 误解；误会 ‎12．misunderstanding n. 误解；误会 ‎13．adult n. 成人；成年人 adj. 成人的；成熟的 ‎14．spoken adj. 口语的 ‎15．unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎16．likely adj.　　　　　　 可能的 ‎17．function n. 作用；功能；职能 vi. 起作用；运转 ‎18．ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ ‎19．anger n. 怒气； 怒火 ‎20．truly adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地 ‎21．hug vi.& vt. 拥抱　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎22．association n．　　　　　 社团；联系；联想 ‎23．false adj. 错误的；假的 ‎24．statement n. 陈述；说明 ‎25．defend_...against 防御；保卫……以免受 ‎26．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……‎ ‎27．in_general 总的来说；通常 ‎28．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎29．turn_one's_back_to 背对 ‎30．lose_face 丢脸　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉) ‎ ‎1.simply adv.　　简单地；只 ‎2.posture n. 姿势；体态 ‎3.crossroads n. 十字路口 ‎4.cheek n. 面颊 ‎5.frown vi. 皱眉；蹙额 ‎6.facial adj. 面部的 ‎7.fist n．　　　　　拳头 ‎8.yawn vi. 打呵欠 ‎9.respectful adj. 恭敬的 ‎10.subjective adj. 主观的 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.dormitory n. 宿舍 ‎2.canteen n．　　　食堂 ‎3.spoken adj. 口语的 ‎4.unspoken adj. 未说出口的；非口语的 ‎5.likely adj. 可能的 ‎6.ease n. 安逸；舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)‎ 核 心 单 词 练通 ‎1.At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (方法) to the study of mathematics.‎ ‎2.Linda and I, representing (代表) our class, will take part in the contest to be held this weekend.‎ ‎3.As you know, smoking is one of the major (主要的) causes of cancer, so you'd better give it up.‎ ‎4.The function (功能) of the heart is to pump blood through the body.‎ ‎5.As a(n) adult (成年人), you should be responsible for your own decisions.‎ ‎6.The couple hugged (拥抱) each other when they heard the exciting news.‎ ‎7.We often make false (虚假的) impression that we understand something when we do not.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.statement n．陈述；说明→state v．陈述；说明 ‎2.greet vi.& vt.迎接；问候→greeting n．问候；招呼 ‎3.association n．社团；联系；联想→associate vt.把……联系起来 ‎4.curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇；好奇心 ‎5.defend vt.保护；保卫→defence n．防御；保卫 ‎6.misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会 ‎7.truly adv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→true adj.真实的→truth n．真实；真理；真相 ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.If you misunderstand somebody, it's likely to lead to a misunderstanding.(misunderstand)‎ ‎2.The curious boy looked at the box curiously and then he opened it out of curiosity.(curious)‎ ‎3.To tell you the truth,_I'm truly grateful for your helping me make my dream come true.(true)‎ ‎4.In time of war, lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked.(defend)‎ ‎5.Entering a supermarket, I was warmly greeted by the ‎ greengrocer. His cheery greetings made me feel at home.(greet)‎ ‎6.I wouldn't want to be associated with the illegal association.(associate)‎ ‎7.He stated the other day that the statement was not made by him.(state)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.表示“主要的；首要的”的形容词一览 ‎①major　　　　主要的；重要的 ‎②main 主要的 ‎③primary 主要的；首要的 ‎④chief 首要的 ‎⑤principal 主要的 ‎2.常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃 ‎①cheek　　　　面颊 ‎②forehead 额头 ‎③chest 胸部 ‎④shoulder 肩膀 ‎⑤throat 喉咙 ‎3.以e结尾的形容词变为副词集锦 ‎①true→truly ‎②possible→possibly ‎③comfortable→comfortably ‎④entire→entirely ‎⑤complete→completely ‎⑥fortunate→‎ fortunately ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.be_curious_about　 　对……感到好奇的 ‎2.get_close_to 接近；靠近 ‎3.as_if 好像 ‎4.turn_one's_back_to 背对 ‎5.lose_face 丢脸 ‎　　When I went to the USA for the first time, I ①was_curious_about everything around me. I found it difficult to make myself understood only by spoken words.It looked ②as_if I had been in a new world. However, I was unwilling to communicate with others in case I ③lost_face.‎ 第二组 ‎1.defend_against　 　　防御；保卫……以免受 ‎2.on_the_contrary 相反地 ‎3.be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……‎ ‎4.in_general 总的来说；通常 ‎5.at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎　　As is known to us, people usually communicate with others not only by spoken words but also by body language. When you find your friend is depressed, you'd better not ignore him; ①on_the_contrary,_you should give him a smile to cheer him up and at that moment the smile will put him ②at_ease. If some foreigners ask you the directions, you can use body ‎ language to make him understand. ③In_general,_body language is as important as spoken language.‎ ‎⇩ 表示“通常；总之”的短语大全 ‎(1)“通常；一般而言”‎ ‎①in general　　　　　　通常 ‎②generally speaking 一般说来 ‎(2)“总之”‎ ‎①in a word　　　总之　　　　②all in all　　　　总之 ‎③in conclusion 总之 ④in short/brief 总之；简言之 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。‎ the first/last (one/person) to do sth.意为“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”。‎ 张梦雪是在2016年里约奥运会上获得第一枚金牌的中国运动员。‎ Zhang Mengxue was the first_Chinese_athlete_to_win_the_gold_medal in 2016 Rio Olympic Games.‎ ‎2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.‎ 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。‎ not all“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定。‎ 并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。‎ Not_all_are_willing_to_do_such_work,_for it is quite hard for some of them.‎ ‎3.However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.‎ 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。‎ be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”。‎ 如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。(2014·四川高考书面表达)‎ If you study hard, you are_likely_to_be_admitted_to your dreaming university.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　I was the first to arrive at the stadium this morning and began practicing basketball. After a while I approached Li Ping, my close friend, and patted her on her shoulder, but she turned her back to me, making me feel embarrassed❶. ________， and therefore I was curious to know what had happened❷. Perhaps there was ‎1.①句中有一处错误，请改正：第二个her→the。‎ ‎2.能填入②句中空白处的最佳选项为__A__。‎ A.It seemed that she was angry with me B.She behaved as if nothing had happened ‎3.③句中所填词的正确形式为 being_hurt。‎ ‎ some misunderstanding between us. No matter what happened, I would defend her from ________(hurt)❸.‎ ‎1．approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近；走近；找……商量n.接近；方法；途径；步骤；通道 ‎(1)an approach to ...　　　 ……的方法/通道/途径(to为介词)‎ ‎(2)approach sb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物 ‎...be approaching ……快到了 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.‎ 单句改错 ‎②The job market has changed and our approaches to find work must change as well.find→finding 一句多译 随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。‎ ‎③As Teachers' Day was_approaching,_our class decided to ‎ hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎④With Teachers' Day approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎⑤With Teachers' Day around_the_corner,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎⑥As Teachers' Day was_drawing_near,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配有：‎ ‎①the approach to (doing) sth.‎ ‎②the way to do/of (doing) sth.‎ ‎③the means of (doing) sth.‎ ‎④the method of (doing) sth.‎ ‎2．curious adj.好奇的 ‎(1)be curious about　　　　　　 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事 ‎(2)curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心 with curiosity 好奇地 from/out of curiosity 出于好奇 ‎(3)curiously adv. 好奇地 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I'm curious to_know (know) how many satellites have been sent to space up to now.‎ ‎②In high school, I was curious about the computer, and built my first website.‎ ‎③They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity (curious) about scientific discoveries.(2014·浙江高考书面表达)‎ ‎④Suddenly the girl calmed down and began looking all around with curiosity.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤Curious enough, the same thing happened again a year later exactly.Curious→Curiously ‎3．defend vt.保护；保卫；辩护 ‎(1)defend ...from/against　　　 保护……以免受 defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫 ‎(2)defence n. 防御；保卫 in defence of 为了保卫……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①When the dog attacked me, I defended myself (I) with a stick.‎ ‎②He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to_defend (defend) him.‎ ‎③Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves against/from some attacks.‎ 单句改错 ‎④All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defend of their own homes.defend→defence ‎4．the first/last (one/person) to do sth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”‎ The_first_person_to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.‎ 第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。‎ ‎(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。‎ ‎①If I have any further news, you will be the first person to_know (know)．‎ 如果我有进一步的消息，你将是第一个知道的人。‎ ‎②The ability to_express (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.‎ 表达思想的能力和思想本身同等重要。‎ ‎③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to_contact (contact) you failed.‎ 在那个遥远的村子里没有信号，所有联系你的尝试都没成功。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　As we all know, people from different cultures have different body languages. Some hug, ________❶ others shake hands. If you don't understand all the differences in body languages, you are likely to have major misunderstanding when communicating. In general, having a good command of different body languages is of great use for us to communicate with foreigners more conveniently❷. So when abroad, we should know we are representing our country and try not to lose face; while at home, we should try to put foreigners at ease❸.‎ ‎1.①处缺一并列连词，应填入 while，意为“然而”。‎ ‎2.②句中“having a good command of different body languages”为现在分词短语作主语；of great use为“of＋抽象名词”结构，可转化为其相应的形容词形式，即of great use可替换为very_useful。‎ ‎3.③句中前后两个分句中都含有一个时间状语从句的省略句，均省略了we_are。‎ ‎5．major adj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修 ‎(1)major in　　　　　　　　 主修 ‎(2)in the majority 占大多数 majority n. 多数;大多数 the majority of 大多数……‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He had a bitter quarrel with his parents about what he would major in at Stanford University.‎ ‎②In that company I once worked, women workers are in the majority.‎ 同义替换 ‎③Generally speaking, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, most of (＝the_majority_of) them are over the age of fifty.‎ 通常，如果你看一看古典音乐会上的观众，大多数是五十岁以上的。‎ ‎6．represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称 ‎(1)represent ...as/to be ...　　　 把……描绘成……‎ represent sth.to sb. 向某人说明某事 represent oneself as/to be ... 自称是……‎ ‎(2)representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①In the afternoon, you together with some of our student representatives (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.‎ 同义替换 ‎②On behalf of (＝Representing) our school, I'm glad to ‎ tell you something about these activities.(2014·陕西高考书面表达)‎ 我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。‎ 补全句子 ‎③She represents_her_mother_as/to_be the kindest mother in the world.‎ 她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。‎ ‎7．in general总的来说；通常 ‎(1)as a general rule　　　　　　 一般而言；通常 generally speaking 总体而言；一般而言 ‎(2)on the whole＝to sum up 总的来说 as a whole 就整体来看；一般地说 in a word 总之 in short/brief 简而言之；总之 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Peter can be really difficult to deal with the matter at times even though he's a nice person in general.‎ ‎②Generally (general) speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on the decrease.‎ 单句改错 ‎③In a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.In→As ‎8．at ease舒适；快活；自由自在 ‎(1)feel/look at ease　　　　 感到/看上去心情放松 put sb. at ease 使某人放松 take one's ease 休息；轻松一下 ‎(2)with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地 ‎(3)ease one's mind 使某人安心 ease sb. of sth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.‎ ‎②I eased him of his difficulty by telling him what to do.‎ 补全句子 ‎③When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to put_yourself_at_ease.‎ 当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。‎ ‎9．be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”‎ However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch them.‎ 不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。‎ Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth.＝It's likely that ...意为“……做某事是可能的”。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①That means the price is likely (like) to go down because ‎ of the competition.‎ ‎②If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency is likely to_be_improved (improve)．‎ 句型转换 ‎③If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.‎ ‎→If you grow up in a large family, it_is_more_likely_that you develop the ability to get on well with others.‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The teacher often asks us to make use of every chance we get to improve our spoken (speak) English.‎ ‎2．He was late today. However, his teacher forgave him as he was the first to_arrive (arrive) at school in general.‎ ‎3．She stared at his husband with anger (angry), saying that she would never forgive him.‎ ‎4．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she truly (true) felt.‎ ‎5．Much to his delight, the top student will represent his school to_make (make) a speech at the meeting.‎ ‎6．Being_misunderstood (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.‎ ‎7．With the summer vacation approaching (approach), he is ‎ wondering what to do during this time.‎ ‎8．The trees planted at the end of the 1990s have become a powerful defence (defend) against the strong wind.‎ ‎9．(2017·天津高考单选)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.‎ ‎10．His mind was at ease and he felt confident about the future.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．As we are not familiar with the city, we are likely get lost on the way back to the hotel.get前加to ‎2．Speak clearly, or you'll make yourself misunderstand.misunderstand→misunderstood ‎3．The iPhone 8 functions good. I'll buy one, no matter how much it costs.good→well ‎4．The students are looking forward to represent the school to take part in the sports meeting.represent→representing ‎5．We would have avoided make such a mistake, but we did not follow his advice.make→making ‎6．I appreciate the professor's new approach to teach languages.teach→teaching ‎7．In a general, traffic accidents may happen at a crossroads.去掉第一个a ‎8．She is in Peking University, majors in English Literature.majors→majoring或majors前加and Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．He was curious about Australian cities, so he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.‎ ‎→Curious_about_Australian_cities,_he read the book written by Dr.Johnson.(形容词短语作状语)‎ ‎2．When we approached the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.‎ ‎→Approaching_the_city_center,_we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(现在分词短语作时间状语)‎ ‎3．He has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.‎ ‎→He has hired a lawyer in_defence_of his action.(defence)‎ Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1．面对危险，并非所有的人都能保持冷静。‎ ‎①Not_all_the_people_can_keep_calm in the face of danger.‎ ‎②All_the_people_cannot_keep_calm in the face of danger.‎ ‎2．随着高考的临近，我们压力很大。‎ ‎①With_the_College_Entrance_Examination_approaching,_we are under great stress. (with; approach)‎ ‎②As_the_College_Entrance_Examination_draws_near,_we are under great stress.(as; draw)‎ ‎3．告诉妈妈这个消息是非常必要的。‎ ‎①Telling_mother_the_news was quite necessary.(v.ing 作主语)‎ ‎②It_was_quite_necessary_to_tell mother the news.(it 作形式主语)‎ ‎4．如果你继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。‎ ‎①You are_likely_to_suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ ‎②It_is_likely_that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.‎ ‎5．你工作越努力，越有可能成功。‎ ‎①If you work harder, you are_more_likely_to_succeed.‎ ‎②The harder you work, the_more_likely_you_are_to_succeed.‎ ‎　　　　　　 ‎ 阅读理解组块专练——练速度 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·长沙一模)In between running one of the world's largest charitable agencies and acting as Microsoft's technology advisor, Bill Gates manages to find time to read books, both long and short. Now Gates — who has been labeled a “greedy” reader — has released a list of his favorite books. All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.‎ Here are Bill's top four picks (with parts of his full review of each book)．‎ Business Adventures, by John Brooks Brooks' collection was published in 1969 and remains one ‎ of Gates' favorites. He reread it again this year, labeling it the best business book he has ever read.‎ ‎“Shortly after we met, Warren Buffett lent me this collection of business articles from The New Yorker from the 1950s and 1960s. I loved them as much as he did. Brooks' insights (洞察力) into business have aged beautifully, and they are as true today as ever.”‎ Capital in the TwentyFirst Century, by Thomas Piketty Piketty's novel hit the shelves in August 2013 and sparked much discussion concerning income inequality throughout this year. Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the nonfiction work to discuss the topic.‎ ‎“As I told him, although I have concerns about some of his secondary points and policy prescriptions, I agree with his most important conclusions: inequality is a growing problem and governments should play a role in reducing it.”‎ How Asia Works, by Joe Studwell Studwell's work, which was published in May 2014, addresses how countries such as Japan, South Korea and China have continued to achieve high growth, and why other countries have failed to do the same.‎ ‎“The agriculture section of the book was particularly insightful. It provided ample food for thought for me as well as the whole Agriculture team at our foundation. And it left us thinking about whether parts of the Asian model can apply ‎ in Africa.”‎ Making the Modern World: Materials and Dematerialization, by Vaclav Smil Smil's books are a constant favorite of the Microsoft's founder — one of his books makes Gates' list almost every year. Making the Modern World came out late in 2013 and explores the global use of materials, from silicon to wood and plastic.‎ ‎“If anyone tries to tell you we're using fewer materials, send him this book. With his usual skepticism and his love of data, Smil shows how our ability to make things with fewer materials — say, soda cans that need less aluminum — makes them cheaper, which actually encourages more production.”‎ ‎1．The books mentioned in the text are mainly about ________.‎ A．charity in the world B．business and economy C．poverty in the world D．Bill Gates' life experience 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“All of the books are standout reads, according to the billionaire, most of which are focused on business and economy.”可知，比尔·盖茨喜欢的这些书都是优秀读物，其中大部分书与商业和经济有关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．Of the books, ________ is best praised by Bill Gates.‎ A．How Asia Works B．Capital in the TwentyFirst Century C．Business Adventures D．Making the Modern World：Materials and Dematerialization 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“He reread it again this year, labeling it the best business book he has ever read.”可知，Business Adventures这本书是最受比尔·盖茨称赞的，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．Gates once had a personal discussion with the author of________.‎ A．Capital in the TwentyFirst Century B．Business Adventures C．How Asia Works D．Making the Modern World：Materials and Dematerialization 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Gates also got to sit down with Piketty himself after reading the nonfiction work to discuss the topic.”可知，比尔·盖茨和Capital in the TwentyFirst Century这本书的作者坐下来交谈过，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．In How Asia Works, the author analyses ________.‎ A．why African agriculture cannot develop fast B．how they can apply Asian economic model in African countries C．why Asia is slow in agricultural development D．how some Asian countries have rapidly grown in economy 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“addresses how countries such as Japan, South Korea and China have continued ‎ to achieve high growth”可知，How Asia Works主要介绍了一些亚洲国家如日本、韩国和中国是如何快速发展经济的，故D项正确。‎ B ‎(2018·山东省部分重点中学联考)The Scottish composer Evelyn Glennie lost nearly all her hearing as a young girl, yet went on to a very successful career in music including winning Grammy awards. When somebody asks her，“How do you hear？” She responds, “How do you hear? Is it only with your ears？” For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding. We need to listen to what is said and unsaid, and also how it is said.‎ It's important to hear what people say accurately. As Mark Twain said，“The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug (萤火虫)．” If you miss something or you're not sure you've heard accurately, ask the speakers. At this point you're not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding. Here are some ways to get clear about what they say and don't say. Why are they saying this now, instead of sooner or later? Why are they emphasizing these points, instead of something else?‎ Listen to how it is said. People send signals about what they mean with their voices and body language that sometimes differ from the words they say. While going through the next points, think about someone whose real meaning you might ‎ sometimes miss, and see if any of these signals might come up. First, voices. When others speak, notice changes in their volume, pace, and tone. Second, body language. Notice gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. Do these sync what they are saying, or do they tell a different story? Third, emotions. What is the person true feeling? Now you might not know for sure, but be considerate, open to understanding, and ask thoughtful questions.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。‎ ‎5．What's the writer's purpose of mentioning Evelyn Glennie?‎ A．To give an example of wise words.‎ B．To introduce a worldfamous musician.‎ C．To help explain the meaning of listening.‎ D．To encourage us to fight against disability.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“For Glennie, and for us too, listening is not only hearing, but is understanding.”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。‎ ‎6．What can we learn from what Mark Twain said?‎ A．It is important to have a good knowledge of English words.‎ B．People should know words can be used in many different ways.‎ C．English is a very complicated language with a large ‎ vocabulary.‎ D．The slight difference between words may result in misunderstanding.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It's important to hear what people say accurately.”和“At this point you're not evaluating what they say, but just looking for accuracy and understanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与Mark Twain所说的话意思相吻合。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “sync” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Match.　　　　　　　　 B．Prove.‎ C．Describe. D．Analyze.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions”；再根据画线词后的“what they are saying, or do they tell a different story”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。‎ ‎8．Which is the best title for this passage?‎ A．Speak While You Listen B．Listen Beyond Words C．Read Between Lines D．Think as You Talk 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。‎ C ‎(2018·海口调研)Students at Harvard this term have been doing something for the first time in the university's long ‎ history. They promise not to cheat, or more specifically, to sign up to an honor code in which they promise to stick to values of academic integrity (学术诚信). It means students at the wellknown US university have to promise not to cheat in exams.‎ Brett Flehinger, a professor at Harvard, says students now write their own “personal response” to the honor code before starting term, repeat their promise when registering and then again before taking exams.‎ Harvard's adoption of an honor code follows a widelyknown cheating event in 2012. On one exam paper, more than a hundred students were investigated and about 70 later faced punishment.‎ An annual survey was conducted by the student newspaper, the Harvard Crimson. The survey, based on a sample of more than 70% of new students, also asked about cheating. It found 9% admitted to having cheated in an exam. There were others who had cheated in homework, academic work and other assignments.‎ So will students be stopped from cheating by a promise?‎ A study published in October by the US National Bureau of Economic Research found “strong evidence” of cheating from at least 10% of students. “It is not surprising that students cheat — they have enough reasons to do so, and the likelihood of getting caught is low，” concluded the study. “What is perhaps more surprising is that so little effort is devoted to catching cheating students.”‎ Would an honor code make a difference?‎ Sir Cary Cooper, a professor at Manchester Business School, says, “I don't think it actually stops the cheating that much. A university will have it because it gives specific moral guidance about what is incorrect behavior.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，在注册和考试前让学生签署诚信守则，以此来提升学术诚信度。‎ ‎9．What's the main purpose of Harvard's honor code?‎ A．To spread knowledge.‎ B．To prevent students cheating in exams.‎ C．To punish students cheating in exams.‎ D．To introduce results of failing in the exams.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句及第一段内容可知，哈佛大学的诚信守则的主要目的是防止学生考试作弊。故选B。‎ ‎10．What made Harvard's honor code appear?‎ A．The survey by the Harvard Crimson.‎ B．A lot of Harvard's students' suggestions.‎ C．The influence from the other US universities.‎ D．A number of Harvard's students' cheating in exams.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及第三段内容可知，作弊事件迫使哈佛大学采用诚信守则制度。故选D。‎ ‎11．What do we know about the new students of Harvard?‎ A．Nobody admitted having cheated in exams.‎ B．Some of them cheated in academic work.‎ C．All of them cheated on homework.‎ D．They didn't cheat in exams.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句及第四段内容可知，一些哈佛新生曾在学术作业中作弊过。故选B。‎ ‎12．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Students at Harvard are learning to behave honestly in exams B．Harvard is working on the exam paper about cheating C．Harvard forces students to follow the honor code D．Students at Harvard are tired of cheating in exams 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，采用了诚信守则制度，因此A项“哈佛学生正学习在考试中诚信”适合做文章标题。故选A。‎ D ‎(2018·福州五校第一次联考)There is a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, namecalling or even the socalled “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.‎ A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their ‎ childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.　‎ The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.‎ The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.‎ The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry's website.‎ Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。‎ ‎13．Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?‎ A．To show the power of words.‎ B．To introduce an opposite view.‎ C．To prove the author's argument.‎ D．To show ancient people's wisdom.‎ 解析：选B　作者意图题。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well, that is not true. Unkind words ... sometimes even more so.”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。‎ ‎14．What will be discussed in the next paragraph?‎ A．Comments on the findings.‎ B．Approaches to further studies.‎ C．Suggestions to parents.‎ D．Different opinions on the matter.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。‎ ‎15．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．The way we speak matters.‎ B．Verbal violence should be stopped.‎ C．Unkind words hurt the brain.‎ D．Words are worse than sticks and stones.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can ‎ harm development in the brain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·合肥第二次质量检测)‎ Empathy, the Key to Being Kind In science class, your teacher tells everyone to find a partner for a project. Out of the corner of your eye, you notice one girl sitting alone and not making eye contact with anyone. You think about asking her to be your partner, but you're afraid people will think you're uncool. You don't reach out to them. __1__‎ Empathy is being able to understand and actually feel what someone else is feeling. For some people, this comes naturally; for others, it takes a bit more work. __2__ When you practice being empathetic, it gets easier to make kindness part of your everyday life. If you can understand why people are feeling down, you'll want to help them. Here are some ideas that can help you.‎ ‎__3__ Not being able to find a group in class might not seem like a big deal — but part of being kind is noticing when someone seems sad, hurt or uncomfortable. After all, you have to notice how people feel in order to feel empathy and want to help them!‎ When you're trying to make kindness second nature, really getting other people's feelings is important. __4__ Think about a time when you felt that way. Didn't you wish someone would ‎ reach out to you? If someone had offered you a few words of comfort, wouldn't it have made you feel so much happier?‎ So, when you find people around you who are feeling down next time, do not hesitate to put yourself in their shoes and reach out to them with a kind gesture. __5__ There is always a time when you expect others to relate to you and feel what you feel.‎ A．And your kindness will be finally rewarded.‎ B．But empathy is super important to being kind.‎ C．Be open to learning more about what you don't understand.‎ D．One way to practice empathy is to pay attention to the people around you.‎ E．However, you never know showing empathy may make all the difference to her.‎ F．You don't have to have a similar background to someone else to feel empathy for them.‎ G．Whenever you find someone might be feeling lonely or sad, put yourself in his shoes.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“移情”的作用和定义，并介绍了如何让自己更好地帮助别人、理解别人。‎ ‎1．选E　分析文章结构可知，本空用来引入本文的话题，在这里起到承上启下的作用。结合标题“Empathy, the Key to Being Kind”可知，空处说明你可以通过“移情”解决问题，引出对“移情”的作用的介绍，所以选E项。‎ ‎2．选B　根据空后一句中的“it gets easier to make kindness part of your everyday life”可以判断，“移情”对使善良成为每日生活的一部分非常重要，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．选D　根据本段内容可知，本段介绍的是如何实现“移情”；结合本段尾句可知，本段主要陈述“关注周围的人”这一方法，故D项正确。‎ ‎4．选G　根据空前的“really getting other people's feelings”和空后的“Think about a time when you felt that way.”可知，理解别人的情感十分重要，据此可以判断，G项与此处匹配。‎ ‎5．选A　根据空前一句中的“do not hesitate ...with a kind gesture”及空后一句可知，当你遇到沮丧的人时，应当毫不犹豫地设身处地为他们着想并伸出援助之手，因为总会有一些时候，你也期待别人能理解你；据此可以判断，A项符合语境。‎