2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Scienceandnature单元学案(44页) 44页

‎2019届一轮复习译林版必修五Unit3Science and nature单元学案 写作句型锤炼 核心句型升级 先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心 ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper－cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1.展览时间、地点；2.展览内容。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear Henry，‎ How is everything? I am writing to invite you to join a paper－cutting show to be held this Sunday.‎ It is reported that there will be a Chinese paper－cutting show this Sunday in the art gallery, which is expected to last about eight hours from 8：00 am to 4：00 pm. I know you are always interested in traditional Chinese culture.①The more you know about it，the better you will like it, so I think we can go there together. ②Not only will all kinds of paper－cutting works be on display, but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot. I am sure you will feel amazed at this ‎ traditional Chinese art. Would you like to attend the show with me this Sunday?‎ I’m looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 ‎►根据句①仿写 ‎1.The__harder you try to beat him, the__more__likely you will get hit. ‎ 你越努力打败他，你就越有可能被击中。‎ ‎►根据句②仿写 ‎2.Not__only__had__the__poor__man__been__fined，but also he had been sent to prison.‎ 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被关进了监狱。‎ Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ 一、核心单词 ‎1.breakthrough n. 突破 ‎2.relation n. 关系；亲戚 ‎ ‎3.income n. 收入，收益 ‎4.ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的 ‎5.confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信 ‎6.favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒 ‎7.clone vt. 克隆 n. 克隆出来的动物或植物 ‎8.conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队 二、阅读单词 ‎1.physician n. 医师；内科医生 ‎2.transform vt. 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；‎ ‎ 使改变形态 ‎3.concept n. 概念；观念 ‎4.crime n. 罪，罪行 ‎5.summary n. 总结；概括，概要 ‎6.nutrition n. 营养 ‎7.profit n. 利润，收益 vi.& vt. 获益；对……有用 ‎8.agriculture n. 农业 ‎9.tissue n. __(生物的)组织；纸巾 三、拓展单词 ‎1.profession n.职业，行业→professional adj.专业的，职业的 ‎2.original__adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的→origin n.起源；出身，来历→originate vi.起源 ‎3.judgement__n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→judge v.判断 ‎4.conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队→conductor n.售票员；(乐队)指挥 ‎5.majority__n.多数，大多数→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n.专业→minority n.少数民族；少数派 ‎6.consideration n.仔细考虑；体谅，顾及→consider v.考虑，认为→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→considerate adj.体贴的 ‎7.reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖 ‎8.accurate adj.准确的，精确的→accurately adv.准确地，精确地→accuracy n.精确，准确 ‎9.actual adj.真实的，实际的→actually adv.事实上，实际上 ‎10.frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的 ‎11.permission n.准许，许可，批准→permit vt.许可，准许 n.许可证 ‎12.exact adj.精确的，准确的→exactly adv.精确地；准确地 ‎13.intention n.意图，目的；企图→intend vt.打算，想要 ‎14.anxiety n.忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的 ‎15.adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳→adopted adj.收养的→adoption n.采用；收养 ‎16.legal adj.法律许可的，合法的→illegal adj.非法的 ‎17.consequence n.结果，后果→consequent adj.随之发生的→‎ consequently adv.因此，所以 ‎1.源于动词短语的合成词 ‎①breakthrough n. 突破 ‎②income n. 收入，收益 ‎③overthrow v. 推翻 ‎④input v.& n. 输入 ‎⑤output v.& n. 输出 ‎⑥uplift v. 举起 ‎⑦outstanding adj. 杰出的 ‎2.形形色色“有缘词”‎ ‎①tissue n.组织→issue n.问题 ‎②dessert n.甜点→desert v.& n.舍弃；沙漠 ‎③affect vt.影响→effect n.影响 ‎④principle n.信条→principal n.校长 ‎3.有病不可乱投“医”‎ ‎①physician n. 内科医生 ‎②surgeon n. 外科医生 ‎③dentist n. 牙医 ‎④eye doctor n. 眼科医生 ‎⑤chemist n. 药剂师，化学家 ‎4.“犯罪”相关词小结 ‎①crime n. 罪，罪行 ‎②offence n. 冒犯，犯罪 ‎③guilt n. 犯罪，有罪 ‎④accuse vt. 控告；指控 ‎⑤charge vi. 控告 ‎⑥commit vt. 犯(罪)‎ ‎⑦punish vt. 惩罚；处罚 ‎⑧sentence vt. 判决；宣判 ‎5.“情绪”名词集锦 ‎①anxiety 焦虑，忧虑 ‎②depression 沮丧；抑郁症 ‎③sorrow 悲伤；悲痛 ‎④sadness 悲伤，难过 ‎⑤grief 悲伤；伤心事 ‎6.一“字”之差，意义大不同 ‎①adapt v.适应→adopt v.收养 ‎②content v.& n.内容→context n.上下文 ‎③sweat v.& n.汗水→sweet adj.甜的 ‎④march v.前进→match v.& n.比赛 ‎⑤steal v.偷→steel n.钢 ‎7.结识“－or”人 ‎①conductor 售票员；(乐队)指挥 ‎②visitor 参观者，来访者 ‎③director 导演；负责人 ‎④instructor 讲师；教员 ‎⑤translator 译员，翻译者 ‎⑥inventor 发明者，发明家 ‎[会应用]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.It’s illegal (legal) to read people’s private letters ‎ without permission.‎ ‎2.Consequently (consequence)，I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.‎ ‎3.Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help so your software must be reliable.(rely)‎ ‎4.From the girl’s frightened look，we knew the frightening snake frightened her.(frighten)‎ ‎5.Walking dogs is not permitted in our city and without permission,__you can’t keep pets at home.(permission)‎ ‎6.Failure in the interview caused anxiety and he was anxious to ask his friends for advice.(anxiety)‎ ‎7.Considering his young age，it is quite considerate of him to consider other people before making decisions.(consider)‎ ‎8.My sister intends to go to Beijing University with the intention of studying art.(intention)‎ ‎9.To predict the weather accurately and give us more accurate information，the observers try their best to guarantee the accuracy of their observation.(accurate)‎ ‎10.One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority)‎ Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ ‎1.on__(the)__one__hand...on__the__other__hand...　一方面……另一方面……‎ ‎2.toy__with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏 ‎3.push__ahead__with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进 ‎4.for__sale 供出售，待销售 ‎5.be/get__burnt__out 耗尽体力，累垮 ‎6.follow__in__one’s__footsteps 效仿某人 ‎7.take...into__consideration/account 认真考虑 ‎8.in__favour__of 赞同，支持 ‎9.point__of__view 观点 ‎10.make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 ‎11.put...in place 准备就绪，布置妥当 ‎12.rather than 而不是 ‎13.deal with 处理，对付 ‎14.compared with 与……相比较 ‎15.point out 指出 ‎16.in summary 概括地说 ‎17.in agreement with 同意；与……一致 ‎18.turn out 结果是，证明是；生产 ‎1.“累垮”的多种表达 ‎①be/get burnt out ‎②be/get worn out ‎③be/get tired out ‎④be/get exhausted ‎2.“考虑”短语小结 ‎①take...into consideration 认真考虑 ‎②take...into account 认真考虑 ‎③take account of 考虑 ‎④think over 仔细考虑 ‎3.“in＋n.＋of”短语荟萃 ‎①in favour of 支持，赞同 ‎②in memory of 为了纪念 ‎③in honour of 为了纪念 ‎④in view of 鉴于；由于 ‎⑤in terms of 就……而言 ‎⑥in case of 以防；万一 ‎⑦in need of 需要 ‎⑧in place of 代替；取代 ‎⑨in search of 寻找，寻求 ‎4.学会“总结”好处多 ‎①in summary　　　　②in short ③in brief ④in conclusion ‎⑤in a/one word ⑥to sum up ‎[会应用]　选用上表左栏短语填空 ‎1.Sun Yang inspired many young people to follow__in__his__footsteps.‎ ‎2.Taking everything into__consideration，the event was a great success.‎ ‎3.If you continue to push__ahead__with the reform，the risk will rise further.‎ ‎4.Before you leave the office，everything should be put__in__place.‎ ‎5.While Bruce was reading a story－book，he toyed__with a ‎ pen.‎ ‎6.As a manager of the company，she is always busy with dealing__with a lot of affairs.‎ ‎7.No one seemed to listen to my point__of__view.I felt embarrassed.‎ ‎8.We have many different types of second－hand computers for__sale.Some of them are real bargains.‎ Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写 句型公式1：the first/second/...(＋n./pron.)后常接不定式(to do)作定语。‎ ‎[教材原句] The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.‎ 第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。‎ ‎[句型仿写] The assistant works very hard.She is always the first to__come and the last to__leave.‎ 这位助理工作非常努力，她总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。‎ 句型公式2：more...than...意为“与其说……倒不如说……”。‎ ‎[教材原句] The boy was more frightened than hurt.‎ 这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。‎ ‎[句型仿写] Music is more a way of life than an interest.音乐与其说是一种爱好，不如说是一种生活方式。‎ 句型公式3：否定词与形容词比较级连用表示最高级含义。‎ ‎[教材原句] Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.‎ 转基因食品就是最好的例子。‎ ‎[句型仿写] What a wonderful song! I have__never__heard__a__more__moving__one.‎ 多么好的一首歌！我从未听过比这更感人的了。‎ Ⅳ.语篇填空—回顾·补全·热诵 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Ever since the first human embryo was cloned，it 1.has__caused (cause) much debate round the world.Some scientists point out that 2.in this way they can produce valuable human tissues to be used 3.to__save (save) human lives，but many people disagree and are afraid that if mankind toys with nature like this，we may be on our way to 4.producing (produce) a real－life Frankenstein’s monster.5.However，in general most scientists were praised for the scientific advance.Ian Wilmut，the Scottish scientist 6.who/that created Dolly，thinks that research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer.Even though human cloning is causing a lot of 7.anxiety (anxious)，it is good news for women who cannot have a baby.8.While/Though/Although cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries，some scientists are pushing ahead with research.In China，scientists have focused their efforts 9.on cloning animals，as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical 10.treatment (treat).‎ ‎[核 心 词 汇]‎ ‎1.adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳 ‎(1)adopt a policy　采用某项政策 adopt one’s advice/plan 采纳某人的建议/计划 adopt an orphan 收养孤儿 ‎(2)adopted adj. 收养的 ‎(3)adoption n. 收养；采纳 ‎①Art movement means a style of painting __adopted (adopt)by a group of artists.‎ 艺术运动指的是一些美术家共同采纳的一种绘画风格。‎ ‎②After much consideration，we all decided to adopt__my__deskmate’s__advice.‎ 经过再三考虑之后，我们决定采纳我同桌的建议。‎ ‎③She treated her adopted (adopt) son as if he were her own child.‎ 她对待养子好像他是自己的孩子一样。‎ ‎[名师指津]　adopt与adapt两词词形相近，但意思不同，adapt 意为“适应；改编，改写”。‎ ‎2.consequence n.结果，后果 ‎(1)　因此，结果 ‎(2) 由于/因为……缘故 ‎(3)consequent adj. 必然的；由……引起的 consequently adv. 因此；结果 ‎ ‎①If we toy with nature，we will have to ‎ deal__with__the__consequences.(教材原句)‎ 如果我们玩弄自然，我们将不得不承担各种后果。‎ ‎②She didn’t study hard，and as a result failed the entrance exam.‎ ‎→She didn’t study hard，and as__a__consequence__failed the entrance exam.‎ 她学习不努力，结果没有通过入学考试。‎ ‎③As a result of global warming，the sea level rises in many areas.‎ ‎→As__a__consequence__of/In__consequence__of__global warming，the sea level rises in many areas.‎ 由于全球变暖，许多地方的海平面都上升了。‎ ‎3.transform vt.& vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造 ‎(1)transform...into...　把……变成……‎ transform sb/sth from... 把某人/物从……中转变 ‎(2)transformation n. 变化，转变；改观 transformation from...to... 从……到……的转变 ‎①On a personal note，cloning would totally transform__my__life.(教材原句)‎ 依我个人来看，克隆将彻底改变我的生活。‎ ‎②In only 30 years China has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.‎ 在仅仅三十年里中国已变成了一个工业强国。‎ ‎③In recent years the film industry has experienced a complete ‎ transformation (transform).‎ 近年来，电影业经历了彻底的改变。‎ ‎[名师指津]　表示“把……变成……”的其他表达：‎ ‎①turn...into...　②change...into...‎ ‎4.majority n.多数，大多数 ‎(1)a/the majority of　……的大多数 in a/the majority 占大多数 by/with a majority of 以多数票……‎ ‎(2)minority n. 少数 in the minority 占少数 ‎①The white are in__the__majority in Australia while the native people in__the__minority.‎ 在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。‎ ‎②The majority of the people present at the meeting are (be)in favor of banning smoking.‎ 出席会议的大多数人支持禁烟。‎ ‎③Among trade union leaders，the majority is/are (be) against the proposal put forward at the meeting.‎ 在工会领导中，大多数不支持会议上提出的建议。‎ ‎[名师指津]‎ ‎(1)“a/the majority of＋名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。‎ ‎(2)the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。‎ ‎5.confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信 confirm a theory/rumour　证实一种理论/谣言 confirm one’s belief 坚定某人的信念 confirm that... 确定/证实……‎ It has been confirmed that... 已确定/证实……‎ ‎①They worked out an effective method，which was__confirmed (confirm)by the leadership.‎ 他们制定了一种有效的方法，这种方法得到了领导的认可。‎ ‎②The recent airplane crash confirms__my__belief__that stronger safety regulations are needed.‎ 最近的空难坚定了我的信念，那就是更需要安全规则。‎ ‎③It__has__been__confirmed__that all had passed the math exam.‎ 已经证实所有的人数学考试都及格了。‎ ‎6.favour(＝favor) n.赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒 ‎(1)in favour of　赞同，支持 in sb’s favour 对某人有利；有助于某人 ‎(2)do sb the favour to do sth 给某人帮忙做某事 do sb a favour/do a favour for sb 给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙 ask a favour of sb＝ask sb a favour 请某人帮忙 ‎①Would anyone say that development should be stopped in__favour__of nature? (教材原句)‎ 难道我们为了保护自然就应该停止发展吗？‎ ‎②Please do__me__a__favour and go to the shop for me.‎ 请你帮我一个忙，替我去商店一趟。‎ ‎③The decision went in__his__favour，which delighted him.‎ 这一决定对他有利，这使他很高兴。‎ ‎7.frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐 ‎(1)frighten...away/off　　把……吓跑/吓走 frighten sb into/out of doing sth 恐吓某人做/不做某事 ‎(2)frightened adj. 惊恐的 be frightened to do sth 害怕做某事 be frightened to death 被吓得要死 ‎(3)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 ‎①The frightening__(frighten)shooting in America has caused 59 deaths and over 500 injuries.‎ 在美国发生的令人恐怖的枪击事件已造成59人死亡500多人受伤。‎ ‎②I will never be frightened into staying silent on this matter.‎ 在这种事情上，我永远不会因怕惊吓而保持沉默。‎ ‎③He threatened the intruders with a gun and frightened them off/away.‎ 他用枪威胁闯入者，把他们吓跑了。‎ ‎8.permission n.准许，许可，批准 ‎(1)ask for permission　请求许可 without permission 未经许可 ‎(2)permit vt.& vi. 允许 n. 许可证 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit (sb’s) doing sth 允许(某人)做某事 sth permitting... ……许可的话(独立主格)‎ ‎①Time permitting (permit)，I will see you after the ‎ meeting.‎ 时间允许的话，会议结束后我去看你。‎ ‎②You simply ask how to apply for a library card，which will permit you to__take (take) books out regularly.‎ 你只要问明白怎样申请借书证就行了，用借书证你可以经常把书借出来。‎ ‎③No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.‎ 未经许可，本阅览室的参考书不得带出去。‎ ‎9.on (the) one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……(常用来引出相矛盾的两个方面)‎ ‎(1)for one thing...for another... 一则……；二则…… (用于引出并列的理由)‎ ‎(2)first(ly)...；second(ly)...；last(ly) 第一……；第二……，最后……‎ ‎①On__the__one__hand this is a novel，but on__the__other__hand，it can be looked on as a biography.‎ 一方面这是一部小说，另一方面，它又可以被看作一部传记。‎ ‎②For__one__thing，she is well－educated; for__another，she is pretty.‎ 首先，她受过良好的教育，再者她长得漂亮。‎ ‎10.follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人 follow one’s example 　以某人为榜样 follow one’s advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示 as follows 如下，如下所述 ‎①She works in television，following (follow) in her father’s footsteps.‎ 她继承了父亲的事业，在电视行业工作。‎ ‎②There are good reasons not to__follow (follow) those bad examples.‎ 有很好的理由不去以那些不好的例子为榜样。‎ ‎③The good points of the novel may be summarized as__follows.‎ 这部小说的优点概括起来有以下几方面。‎ ‎11.take...into consideration 认真考虑 ‎(1)show consideration to 　 对……表示关心/体谅 ‎(2)consider v. 考虑；认为 ‎(3)considering prep. 考虑到 considerate adj. 体贴的 consider sb/sth to be/as... 认为……是……；把……看作…… ‎ consider doing sth 考虑做某事 ‎①You should take fuel consumption into consideration when buying a car.‎ 你买汽车时应把燃油消耗量考虑在内。‎ ‎②My daughter is considering buying (buy) a digital camera，which is considered to__be (be) a great help to her work.‎ 我女儿正在考虑买个数码相机，她认为这会对她的工作有很大的帮助。‎ ‎③She is always polite and considerate (consider) towards her employees.‎ 她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。‎ ‎[重 点 句 型]‎ ‎1.The__first__mammal__to__be__cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.‎ 第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。‎ ‎(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语 ‎(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等 ‎①It’s required that the last one to__arrive (arrive) pay the meal.‎ 要求最后一个到的请客。‎ ‎②He was grateful for a chance to__relax (relax) at the weekend.‎ 他很感激在周末能有机会放松。‎ ‎③There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to__contact (contact)you failed.‎ 在那个遥远的村庄没有信号，我所有联系你的努力都失败了。‎ ‎2.The boy was more frightened than hurt.‎ 这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。‎ 句中的more...than...结构意为“与其说……倒不如说……”，此结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。‎ no more than 仅仅；只不过 no more...than... 和……一样不……‎ not more than 不超过 not more...than... 没有……那样……‎ more than 多于，超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出 ‎①Don’t be too hard on him.He’s more cheated than stupid.‎ 别对他太苛刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。‎ ‎②The first city was probably founded no__more__than 5，500 years ago.‎ 第一个城市可能仅仅是在5 500年前建立的。‎ ‎③I was more__than__a little angry when I saw how they’d ruined it.‎ 当我见到他们是怎样把它破坏时，我非常愤慨。‎ ‎[当 堂 达 标]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Try to harvest (收获) the fruit before the first snow.‎ ‎2.Many countries consider cloning human embryos to be illegal (非法的).‎ ‎3.He prefers to be a surgeon rather than a physician (内科医生).‎ ‎4.They adopted (收养) a homeless girl after the serious earthquake.‎ ‎5.Our original (起初的) plan was to go to Spain，but it was too expensive.‎ ‎6.People on fixed incomes (收入) are hurt by price ‎ increases.‎ ‎7.Insert (插入) our fingers between the layers and press them apart.‎ ‎8.This is a very subjective judgement (判断) of her abilities.‎ ‎9.The company conducted(实施) a survey to find out whose album was the best－seller.‎ ‎10.The new taxes came as a shock to ordinary(普通的) Americans.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.It’s difficult to accomplish the task in no more than one week.‎ ‎2.She was the first athlete to__win (win) the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.‎ ‎3.A market survey conducted (conduct)about sales in July shows the food price has increased by 20%.‎ ‎4.Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration (consider) when marking your exams.‎ ‎5.Throughout the years，he has also inspired many young architects to follow in his footsteps.‎ ‎6.It’s very impolite of her to leave without saying goodbye to anyone.‎ ‎7.The mothers are frightened (frighten) of the children going camping，for they may get lost in the mountain.‎ ‎8.Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed into ‎ heat.‎ ‎9.I looked at the X－ray again，and more tests confirmed (confirm) it wasn’t the cancer.‎ ‎10.Security should be taken into consideration with any Website.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1.On the one hand，many people go abroad，but on other hand，a lot of people returned home hurriedly.other__前加the ‎2.The boys，faced with this somewhat frightened creature，had lost their tongues.frightened→frightening ‎3.I need to call my dad and ask for permit before we go out.permit→permission ‎4.The book seems to be much a dictionary than a grammar book.much→more ‎5.The suggestion made by the foreign expert adopted by the manager at the meeting.adopted前加was Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1.很遗憾地告诉你我们不打算考虑你提出的要求。‎ ‎①We regretted to tell you that we will not __take__your__request__into__account.‎ ‎②We regretted to tell you that we will not take__your__request__into__consideration.‎ ‎2.请再次输入密码，确认是否正确。‎ ‎①Please reenter your password to __confirm__it__is__correct.‎ ‎②Please reenter your password to __make__sure__it__is__correct.‎ ‎3.当我在英国遇见她时，我非常惊讶。‎ ‎①I was very__surprised when I met her in England.‎ ‎②I was more__than__surprised when I met her in England.‎ ‎4.现在下着雨，因此比赛将不得不被推迟了。‎ ‎①It is raining now and as__a__result，the match will have to be delayed.‎ ‎②It is raining now and as__a__consequence，the match will have to be delayed.‎ ‎③It is raining now and consequently，the match will have to be delayed.‎ ‎5.请你帮我一个忙关上门好吗？ ‎ ‎①Will you help__me__(to)__shut__the__door? ‎ ‎②Will you do__me__the__favour__to__shut__the__door? ‎ ‎③Will you assist__me__in__shutting__the__door? ‎ ‎[课 下 作 业]‎ A卷 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.He made a profit (收益) of fifty thousand US dollars.‎ ‎2.It’s important that children learn to understand the concept(概念) of sharing.‎ ‎3.His mother－in－law is an expert at food science and nutrition (营养).‎ ‎4.A crime (犯罪) is a bad action or activity for which a person ‎ can be punished by law.‎ ‎5.Don’t blame her for that.She has no intention (意图) of hurting anyone here.‎ ‎6.Many caged birds live longer than their fellows (同类) in the wild.‎ ‎7.The new evidence has confirmed__(证实) the first witness’s story.‎ ‎8.She was able to give the police an accurate (准确的) description of her attacker.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his family.‎ ‎2.He was a bright and eager student and，consequently (consequence)，did well in school.‎ ‎3.We argued her into the adoption (adopt) of the plan.‎ ‎4.This story is no more interesting than the one our teacher told us in class.‎ ‎5.The economic framework of the 21st century is going through new transformation (transform).‎ ‎6.One－third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are (be) black people.‎ ‎7.Good morning，David.I dropped in to ask you a favour.‎ ‎8.I would like to give my opinion in relation (relate) to this problem.‎ Ⅲ.选词填空 for sale，compared with，in summary，push ahead with，in favour of，toy with ‎1.If you __toy__with nature，you will be punished sooner or later.‎ ‎2.Our government should push__ahead__with the regulations to protect the rights of ordinary people.‎ ‎3.There are a few houses for__sale in my neighborhood，and I’ll try to find a suitable one.‎ ‎4.Compared__with small neighborhood stores，supermarkets sell various goods we need in our daily life.‎ ‎5.In__summary，it is my opinion that this meeting was a great success.‎ ‎6.I think all the people at the meeting will be in__favour__of your opinion.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1.Your plan isn’t practical，so I’m not in__favour__of it.‎ 你的计划不太实用，因此我不赞同。‎ ‎2.The__majority__of__the__damage__was__caused__by tunami after the earthquake.‎ 大多数的破坏是由震后的海啸引起。‎ ‎3.I have never spent a__more__worrying__day.‎ 我从没有过过比这一天更心烦的日子。‎ ‎4.Not__more__than a quarter of your income should go in rent.‎ 你的收入用于房租不应超过四分之一。‎ ‎5.It__has__not__been__confirmed that the agreement is to be ‎ signed.‎ 有关签订协议的消息尚未得到证实。‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试)‎ ‎ According to a team of researchers，an animal’s ability to perceive(感知)time is linked to their pace of life.‎ ‎“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，” commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.‎ ‎ The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant.Dogs，for example，have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.‎ ‎ One example of this phenomenon at work，the authors say，is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit.The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit.‎ ‎ Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews ‎ in Scotland，who worked jointly on the research project，said in a statement，“Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly.Thus，this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains.Flies might not be deep thinkers，but they can make good decisions very quickly.”‎ ‎ In comparison，the tiger beetle (虎甲虫)runs faster than its eyes can keep up，basically becoming blind，which requires it to stop periodically to re－evaluate its prey’s(猎物)position.‎ ‎ Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。‎ ‎1.What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?‎ A.Pace of life of animals.‎ B.Time perception of animals.‎ C.Lifetime of small animals.‎ D.Impressive abilities of animals.‎ 答案　B　[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。]‎ ‎2.What does Kevin Healy’s comment mean in Para.2?‎ A.The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.‎ B.The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.‎ C.Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.‎ D.Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第二段Kevin Healy所说的话“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals...between life and death for fast moving creatures”可知，该句快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。]‎ ‎3.Why can houseflies avoid being hit?‎ A.They can think very deeply before they act.‎ B.They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.‎ C.They can process information as quickly as they receive it.‎ D.They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve，which allows them to avoid being hit”‎ 可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4.What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?‎ A.Try to run as fast as it can.‎ B.Prevent itself from becoming blind.‎ C.Slow down to gain its time perception.‎ D.Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第六段“In comparison，the tiger beetle(虎甲虫)runs faster than its eyes can keep up...”可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。]‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Honest Thanks I sat down at my desk and started writing.I wrote an emotional letter of gratitude.I put the notecard into the__1__，sealed it and stuck the stamps on it，but when it came to actually placing the letter into the mailbox...I __2__.‎ The letter was to a schoolmate with whom I kept in contact via Facebook __3__.She had inspired me to live a(n) __4__ life—for example，by __5__ more.‎ Her volunteer efforts weren’t __6__—she wasn’t building wells in Uganda，but __7__ she was doing small，local good deeds，such as serving as a crossing guard.These were things I could do，too.She made me __8__ I could make a difference here at home.I felt I should let her know how ‎ her __9__ positively influenced my life.I could have easily sent her an e－mail，__10__ that seemed a bit lame for such an important thank you.That’s why I ended up __11__ the letter.But now I stood before the mailbox，unable to place the envelope inside.What was __12__ me？Why was this so __13__ to do？I guess I felt strange because it wasn’t like she was my best friend.I just knew her.“People don’t __14__ do this，”I thought to myself.However，__15__ thinking it over，I still felt a(n)__16__ to let her know how grateful I was.Finally，I put the envelope in the mailbox.‎ Weeks later I received her reply.She was __17__ a tough time and my letter meant the __18__ to her.She didn’t know she had such a(n) __19__ on others.Not only did this letter make her happy，but her response to it increased my __20__ of happiness.I decided to write a gratitude letter to someone each month.Cultivating gratitude is a great skill to practice.Life is too short not to do it.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”在脸书上认识了一个朋友，她鼓励“我”参加志愿活动，“我”因此感受到了不同的人生。为了表示感谢，“我”给她手写了一封信，没想到她收到信时正经历人生的艰难时刻，“我”的信鼓舞了她，她的回复也提高了“我”的幸福程度。‎ ‎1.A.envelope B.drawer C.handbag D.pocket 答案　A　[根据该句中的“sealed it and stuck the stamps on ‎ it”可知， “我”将便笺卡放进信封，然后封上，再贴上邮票。A项意为“信封”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎2.A.sighed B.froze ‎ C.panicked D.smiled 答案　B　[根据该句中的“but when it came to actually placing the letter into the mailbox”可知，但是当确实要把信投放到信箱时，“我”停住不动了。freeze意为“停住不动，惊呆”，符合语境，故B项正确。]‎ ‎3.A.usually B.formally C.occasionally D.secretly 答案　C　[根据下文第三段的“it wasn’t like she was my best friend.I just knew her”可知，“我”仅仅认识她。据此可以判断，我们只是通过脸书偶尔联系。C项意为“偶尔”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4.A.different B.tough C.enthusiastic D.rich 答案　A　[根据下文第三段的“Her volunteer efforts”并结合该句中的“inspired”可知，她鼓励“我”过不同的生活，比如多参加志愿活动。A项意为“不同的”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎5.A.enjoying B.volunteering C.exercising D.travelling 答案　B　[参见上题解析。B项意为“自愿做”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎6.A.essential B.meaningful C.ordinary D.huge 答案　D　[根据该句中的“she was doing small，local good ‎ deeds”可知，她所做的志愿活动并非大事，而是在当地做一些善事。huge与该句中的small对应。]‎ ‎7.A.once B.also ‎ C.still D.instead 答案　D　[参见上题解析。D项意为“反而，却”，符合语境，故D项正确。]‎ ‎8.A.accept B.realize ‎ C.admit D.prove 答案　B　[根据语境可知，她使“我”意识到，“我”在家也可以发挥一定的作用。B项意为“意识到，认识到”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎9.A.words B.thoughts ‎ C.example D.emotion 答案　C　[根据语境可知，“我”要让她知道，她积极的榜样作用影响了“我”的人生。C项意为“榜样”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎10.A.and B.but ‎ C.so D.or 答案　B　[根据该句中的easily和important可知，“我”给她发一封电子邮件很容易，但是这似乎无法表达“我”对她的深切感谢。根据语境可以判断，空处前后之间为转折关系。]‎ ‎11.A.editing B.receiving C.answering D.handwriting 答案　D　[根据上文第一段第一句中的“writing”可知，为了表达对她的衷心感谢，“我”给她手写了一封信。]‎ ‎12.A.stopping B.urging C.encouraging D.confusing 答案　A　[根据上文中的“unable to place the envelope inside”可知，“我”不知道是什么阻止了“我”。A项意为“阻止”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎13.A.boring B.pleasant C.hard D.cool 答案　C　[根据上文中的“unable to place the envelope inside”可知，“我”不知道为何将信封投进信箱如此困难。C项意为“困难的”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎14.A.directly B.constantly ‎ C.equally D.normally 答案　D　[根据上文中的“I guess I felt strange...knew her”可知，通常人们是不会这么做的。D项意为“通常，正常情况下”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎15.A.until B.after ‎ C.while D.before 答案　B　[根据该句中的“However”和“I still”可知，在仔细考虑了这种“不正常”的行为之后，“我”还是渴望让她知道“我”是多么感谢她。B项意为“在……之后”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎16.A.desire B.ambition ‎ C.fear D.curiosity 答案　A　[参见上题解析。A项意为“渴望”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎17.A.going through B.going for C.going against D.going over 答案　A　[根据该句中的“a tough time”可知，她正在经历一段艰难时期。A项意为“经历，遭受”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎18.A.earth B.world ‎ C.dream D.future 答案　B　[根据该句中的“my letter meant the __18__ to her”可知，她正在经历一段艰难时期，“我”的感谢信对她来说非常重要。mean the world to sb表示“对某人非常重要”，故B项正确。]‎ ‎19.A.comment B.honor ‎ C.influence D.concern 答案　C　[根据上文第三段中的“influenced”可知，她不知道她竟然对他人有如此大的影响。C项意为“影响”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎20.A.search B.appreciation C.level D.experience 答案　C　[根据语境可知，这封信不但让她幸福，她的回复也提高了“我”的幸福程度。C项意为“水平，程度”，故C项正确。]‎ B卷 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·云南省高中毕业生复习统一检测)‎ Scientists have finally figured out how the key gene (基因) tied to obesity makes people fat—a major discovery that could open the door to a completely new approach to the problem beyond diet and exercise.‎ ‎ The work solves a big mystery: Since 2007，researchers have known that a gene called FTO was related to obesity，but they didn’t know how，and could not tie it to appetite (食欲) or other known causes.‎ ‎ Now experiments show that a faulty version (缺陷型) of ‎ the gene causes energy from food to be stored as fat rather than burned.Genetic tinkering (基因修补) in mice and on human cells in the lab suggests this can be reversed (颠倒)，giving hope that a drug or other treatment might be developed to do the same in people.‎ ‎ The discovery disputes the idea that “when people get fat it is basically their own choice because they choose to eat too much or not exercise，”said study leader Melina Claussnitzer，who is a genetics specialist.‎ ‎ “A lot of people think obesity is all about eating too much，” but our fat cells play a role in how food gets used，Dr.Clifford Rosen said.With this discovery，“you now have a pathway for drugs that can make those fat cells work differently.”‎ ‎ Several obesity drugs are already on the market，but they are generally used for short－term weight loss and are aimed at the brain and appetite.They don’t directly target metabolism (新陈代谢).‎ ‎ Researchers can’t guess how long it might take before a drug based on the new findings becomes available.But it’s unlikely it would be a magic pill that would enable people to eat anything they want without packing on the pounds.And targeting this fat pathway could affect other things，so a treatment would need strict testing to prove safe and effective.‎ ‎ The gene problem doesn’t explain all obesity.It was found in 44 percent of Europeans but only 5 percent of blacks，so other genes clearly are at work，and food and exercise still matter.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是说明文。科学家最新研究发现FTO基因会抑制新陈代谢，降低能量消耗效率，导致肥胖。‎ ‎1.What is the finding of the study?‎ A.Everyone has the obesity gene.‎ B.The FTO gene causes obesity.‎ C.The FTO gene increases appetite.‎ D.Diet is the major cause of obesity.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。由前三段的描述可知，科学家发现FTO基因会使食物中的热量以脂肪的形式储存在人体，而不是消耗掉，这种基因导致人肥胖。]‎ ‎2.What does the underlined word “disputes” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A.Supports. B.Explains.‎ C.Produces. D.Challenges.‎ 答案　D　[词义猜测题。过去人们认为肥胖是因为吃太多或者不运动造成的，而新的研究发现FTO基因会导致人肥胖；也就是，新的发现向过去的观点提出质疑；由此推断，dispute意为“对……提出质疑”。]‎ ‎3.What do we know about the current obesity drugs?‎ A.They have few side effects.‎ B.They speed up people’s metabolism.‎ C.They have proved to be safe and effective.‎ D.They help to take away people’s appetite.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，现在市场上已有的肥胖药物通常用于短期减肥，而且旨在控制食欲，并不会直接影响新陈代谢的速度。 ]‎ ‎4.What is the author’s attitude toward the obesity treatment?‎ A.Unconcerned. B.Doubtful.‎ C.Cautious. D.Optimistic.‎ 答案　C　[观点态度题。由倒数第二段中的targeting this fat pathway could affect other things，so a treatment would need strict testing to prove safe and effective可知，作者认为肥胖基因治疗法需要严格的测试以确保其安全和有效。]‎ Ⅱ.七选五 The effect of bullying(欺凌) can be serious and even lead to tragedy.Unfortunately，not much research is done into it.‎ ‎__1__ That year，two students with shotguns，both of whom had been considered gifted and who had been bullied for years，killed 13 people，wounded 24 and then committed suicide.A year later，an analysis by the US government found that bullying played a major role in more than two－thirds of the campus violence.‎ ‎__2__ Many invaders throughout history have tried to defend their bullying behavior by claiming that they themselves were bullied.__3__ Although there is no ‎ justification (正当理由) for bullying，many of the worst humans in history have indeed been bullies and victims of bullying.‎ Since bullying is often ignored，it may provide an important clue in crowd behavior and passer－by behavior.Psychologists have been puzzled by the coldness of crowds and bystanders when crimes occur in crowded places.__4__ When someone is bullied，it is not only the bully and the victim who are becoming less sensitive to violence.__5__ In this sense，bullying affects not only the bullied but his friends and classmates and the whole society.‎ A.Research indicates that the victim often becomes the bully.‎ B.Many of them have suggested bullying as one of the reasons of the coldness.‎ C.More attention should be paid to people’s reaction to bullying when it happens.‎ D.Hitler，for example，is claimed to have been a victim of bullying in his childhood.‎ E.Campus bullying is becoming a serious problem in some high schools in big cities.‎ F.The friends and classmates of the bully and the victim also accept the violence as normal.‎ G.The link between bullying and school violence has attracted increasing attention since 1999.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述了欺凌和校园暴力之间的关系、欺凌发生的原因及其对受欺凌者的同学、朋友以及全社会的影响。‎ ‎1.G　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；由空处后句的“That year”及空处后面的内容可知，该段主要介绍从1999年开始人们更多地关注欺凌和校园暴力之间的关系，故G项符合文意。]‎ ‎2.A　[根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；由空处后句可知，那些暴力侵犯者以自己就是受害者为由来尝试为他们的欺凌行为作辩解；据此可知A项“研究表明受害者通常变为欺凌者”符合文意。]‎ ‎3.D　[根据空处前句可知，历史上许多侵略者以自己就是受害者为借口侵犯别人；据此可以判断，空处将举例说明这一现象，故D项正确。]‎ ‎4.B　[根据空处前句可知，心理学家对人们对人群中的暴力事件常抱着冷漠的态度感到困惑，且该句中的“Psychologists”“coldness”分别和B项中的“them”“coldness”对应，说明冷漠是欺凌发生的一个原因，故B项正确。]‎ ‎5.F　[根据空处后句可知，欺凌不仅对受欺凌者有影响，还影响他的朋友、同学以及全社会；据此可以判断，F项符合文意。]‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·郑州市高三调研)Tea is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water.Originating in China，tea has long established 1.________ (it) as the national drink of this country.‎ A century before the birth of Christ，tea 2.________(describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that ‎ made one live 3.________ (long).Today，it is still being regarded as such.Both green tea and black tea are claimed to be effective for 4.________ (prevent) cancer，heart disease，and many other deadly diseases.There is only one point 5.________ people need to be aware of when they drink tea—it should not be drunk along with meals.‎ Tea，a popular drink in China and many other countries，6.________ (be)carefully prepared according to local customs.The Chinese put loose tea in teapots，add boiling water，and serve it in teacups.The strong tea from China’s Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner.Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉)，rose or other 7.________ (flower)，usually served after dinner，is special to China’s Changjiang River regions.‎ Many English people，travelling away from home，feel 8.________ a loss if their favourite teabags are not available.Afternoon tea in England is still a time－honoured tradition.It’s a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters.‎ In Japan，a tea ceremony is often held while people are drinking tea.The ceremony，usually 9.________ (hold) in a teahouse，dates back to the 16th century.Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is powdered green tea.Though still practised today，the ceremony may not be as popular 10.________ it used to be.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了茶的渊源及几个国家的茶文化。‎ ‎1.itself　[此处填的代词与句子主语tea形成互指关系，故用反身代词。]‎ ‎2.was described　[根据语境中的时间状语“A century before the birth of Christ”可知，事情发生在过去，且tea和describe构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]‎ ‎3.longer　[此处表示“让人活得更长”，故用longer。]‎ ‎4.preventing　[介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词preventing。]‎ ‎5.that　[that引导定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词one point。]‎ ‎6.is　[句子主语为Tea，且与下文的“is drunk”在时态上呼应，故此处用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。]‎ ‎7.flowers　[flower是可数名词，由前面的other可知，此处表示复数概念。]‎ ‎8.at　[固定搭配at a loss意为“困惑，不知所措”，故用介词at。]‎ ‎9.held　[hold和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。句子主语The ceremony与hold构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。]‎ ‎10.as　[由“as＋形容词＋as”的结构可知，此处应用连词as引导比较状语从句。]‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2018·湖北八校联考)It was on a warm autumn day that my ‎ father and I walk into my new high school.After registered in the classroom，the volunteer took me to my dormitory.Altogether I had five roommates，two of which arrived later.I got to know my new roommate immediately.Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father，but he had to leave to home.I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently.Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.‎ 答案 It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I into my new high school.After in the classroom， volunteer took me to my dormitory.Altogether I had five roommates，two of arrived later.I got to know my new immediately.Although I was quite unwilling to say“Goodbye” to my father，/ he had to leave home.I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after and live independently.Not until then I know my senior high school life had begun.‎ Ⅴ.书面表达 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友David作为交换生曾在你家居住。近期你校要举办以“Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories”为主题的英语征文活动。请写一封邮件邀请他参加。要点如下：‎ ‎1.截稿时间2019年2月1日；‎ ‎2.字数要求500左右；‎ ‎3.投稿邮箱chinesestory2019@126.com。‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ ‎2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear David，‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ Yours，‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎【参考范文】‎ Dear__David，‎ It has been half a year since you left China.How’s everything going?‎ Recently，an activity themed “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” will be held in our school. Any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in it.I think you are suitable for the activity，for you used to live here and learned so much about the country.You can write about your understanding of Chinese culture as well as your personal experiences in China. You are expected to write an ‎ article about 500 words in English. I’d appreciate it if you could mail your article to chinesestory 2019@ 126.com before February 1st，2019.‎ I’m looking forward to your participation.‎ Yours，‎ Li__Hua