2019届一轮复习人教版必修一unit5NalsonMandela-amodernhero学案 15页

‎1．核心单词 ‎(1)quality (n.) 质量；品质；性质→(形近词) quantity (n.) 数量 ‎(2)active (adj.) 积极的；活跃的→actively (adv.) 积极地→activity (n.) 活动 ‎(3)devote (vt.‎) 献身；专心于→devoted (adj.) 忠实的；深 ‎　爱的→devotion (n.) 关爱；奉献；忠诚 ‎(4)vote (vt. &vi.) 投票；选举 (n.) 投票；选票；表决→voter (n.) 投票人；选举人 ‎(5)attack (vt.‎) 进攻；攻击；抨击 (n.) 攻击；抨击；疾病发作→(形近词) attach (vt.‎) 把……附(在……上)；重视 ‎(6)equal (adj.) 相等的；平等的→equality (n.) 平等；相等→equally (adv.) 同样地；相等地；公平地→unequal (adj.) 不平等的；不公平的 ‎(7)escape (vt. &vi.) 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄露→escaped (adj.) 逃跑了的 ‎(8)educate (vt.‎) 教育；训练→educated (adj.) 受过教育的；有教养的→education (n.) 教育→educator (n.) 教育工作者→educational (adj.) 教育的；有关教育的 ‎(9)beg (vi.) 请求；乞求→begged (过去式/过去分词)→beggar (n.) 乞丐 ‎(10)reward (n.) 报酬；奖金 (vt.‎) 酬劳；奖赏→rewarding (adj.) 值得的；有益的；有回报的 ‎(11)opinion (n.) 意见；看法；主张 ‎2．阅读单词 ‎(1)mean (adj.) 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ‎(2)found (vt.‎) 建立；建设 ‎(3)peaceful (adj.) 和平的；平静的；安宁的 ‎(4)hopeful (adj.) 怀有希望的；有希望的 ‎(5)violence (n.) 暴力；暴行 ‎(6)unfair (adj.) 不公正的；不公平的 ‎(7)relative (n.) 亲戚；亲属 ‎(8)terror (n.) 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动 ‎(9)cruelty (n.) 残忍；残酷 ‎(10)president (n.) 总统；会长；校长；行长 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．In total, 25% of India's workingage population has no ________ (educate)．‎ 答案：education ‎2．Fortunately, Natalie's family ________ (escape) to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.‎ 答案：escaped ‎3．Whether you ________ (vote) for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.‎ 答案：vote ‎4．Parents should ________ (active) urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ 答案：actively ‎5．Some of them were ________ (devote) to the study of natural science.‎ 答案：devoted ‎6．Project ORBIS also aims at promoting ________ (peace) cooperation among countries.‎ 答案：peaceful ‎7．For previous generations, ________ (guide) and support needed ‎ help from people of the same age.‎ 答案：guidance ‎8．Learning to deal with the social world is ________ (equal) important.‎ 答案：equally ‎9．Scientists say that your ________ (willing) to take risks increases during your teenage years.‎ 答案：willingness ‎10．The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$25,000 and ________ (sentence) to up to 3 years in prison.‎ 答案：sentenced 联想积累 ‎1．表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描 ‎①generous 慷慨的 ‎②active 积极的；活跃的 ‎③warmhearted 热心肠的 ‎④creative 富有创造力的 ‎⑤devoted 有献身精神的 ‎⑥energetic 有活力的 ‎⑦intelligent 聪明的 ‎⑧ambitious 有雄心壮志的 ‎⑨confident 有信心的 ‎⑩enthusiastic 充满热情的 ‎2．名词＋后缀ful构成的形容词荟萃 ‎①peaceful 和平的 ‎②painful 痛苦的 ‎③harmful 有害的 ‎④powerful 强大的 ‎⑤cheerful 欢乐的 ‎⑥meaningful 有意义的 ‎⑦beautiful 美丽的 ‎⑧merciful 仁慈的；宽大的 ‎⑨helpful 有帮助的；有用的 ‎⑩careful 小心的；仔细的；谨慎的 ‎3．后缀“ent”形容词与“ence”名词大集合 ‎①violent 暴力的　violence 暴力 ‎②silent 沉默的　silence 沉默 ‎③different 不同的　difference 差异 ‎④patient 有耐心的　patience 耐心 ‎⑤confident 自信的　confidence 信心 ‎⑥evident 明显的　evidence 证据 ‎⑦intelligent 聪明的　intelligence 智力 ‎⑧independent 独立的　independence 独立 ‎1．out_of_work失业 ‎2．as_a_matter_of_fact事实上 ‎3．in_trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎4．turn_to求助于；致力于 ‎5．lose_heart丧失勇气或信心 ‎6．come to power 上台；当权 ‎7．set up 建立；设立 ‎8．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎9．blow up 使充气；爆炸 ‎10．in one's opinion 在某人看来 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用所给短语的适当形式填空 devote to， in trouble， turn to， lose heart， set up， as a matter of fact ‎1．He was a loving father because he was strict with his daughter and ‎ encouraged her when she was ________ .‎ 答案：in trouble ‎2．I feel that I've been given a second life to ________ something that is meaningful and enormous.‎ 答案：devote to ‎ ‎3．In 1963 the UN ________the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.‎ 答案：set up ‎4．I still want to have my parents to ________ whenever I need help.‎ 答案：turn to ‎5．He failed in doing the experiment. But he didn't ________and tried a second time.‎ 答案：lose heart ‎6．________ , we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.‎ 答案：As a matter of fact 联想积累 ‎1．“动词＋to”短语荟萃 ‎①devote to 致力于；献身于 ‎②object to 反对 ‎③refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅 ‎④point to 指向 ‎⑤turn to 求助于；致力于 ‎⑥stick/hold/keep to 坚持；忠于 ‎⑦see to 处理；料理 ‎⑧come to 共计；苏醒 ‎⑨belong to 属于 ‎2．“out of＋名词”短语大全 ‎①out of work 失业 ‎②out of action 损坏；发生故障 ‎③out of breath 上气不接下气 ‎④out of character 不相称；不恰当 ‎⑤out of condition 身体不好；情况欠佳 ‎⑥out of control 失去控制 ‎⑦out of danger 脱离危险 ‎⑧out of date 过时的 ‎⑨out of debt 不欠债 ‎⑩out of favour 失宠；不受欢迎 ‎⑪out of hand 失去控制；脱手 ‎⑫out of luck 运气不好；不凑巧 ‎⑬out of mind 心不在焉 ‎⑭out of order 次序紊乱；损坏了 ‎⑮out of patience 不耐烦的 ‎⑯out of place 不在适当的位置 ‎1．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.‎ 那是1952年，曼德拉是我去寻求帮助的黑人律师。‎ ‎2．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。‎ ‎【句式仿写】‎ ‎1．How to live longer is a question ____________________________________________ (人类力图寻找良好答案) for thousands of years.‎ 答案：to which man has tried to find a good answer ‎2．______________________ (第一次) I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.‎ 答案：The first time 联想积累 引导时间状语从句的名词短语和副词 ‎①the first time 第一次 each/every time 每次……的时候 next time 下次 any time 任何时候 last time 上次 by the time 到……为止 ‎[单词点津]‎ devote　vt. 献身；专心于 ‎[教材原句]A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.‎ 伟人就是将他/她的一生致力于帮助别人的人。‎ ‎(1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……‎ devote oneself to 献身于；致力于 ‎(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于某事；奉献于某事 ‎(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①He's devoted most of his time ________ his painting.‎ ‎②________ (devote) to scientific research wholeheartedly, he spends little time with his family.‎ ‎③Mothers' ________ (devote) to children can hardly be calculated.‎ 答案：①to　②Devoted　③devotion ‎(2)单句改错 Donald Trump also held a town hall meeting devoting to health care in southwestern Virginia.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：devoting→devoted equal　adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的　n. 同等的人；相等物　v. 等于；抵得上 ‎[教材原句]But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.‎ 但是我很高兴地去提供帮助，因为我知道，这会有助于我们实现让黑人与白人平等的梦想。‎ ‎(1)be equal to ＋n．/doing 等于；与……相等；胜任 be equal in 在……方面相等 be equal with 与……平等 ‎(2)A equals B (in ... ) A(在……方面)比得上B be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌 ‎(3)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等；同样 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①I believe he __________________ the occasion.‎ 我相信他能应付这种场合。‎ ‎②In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants ____________________ .‎ 实际上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁无与伦比。‎ 答案：①is equal to　②have no equal escape　vt.& vi. 逃脱；逃走　n. 逃脱 ‎[教材原句]It was a prison from which no one escaped.‎ 那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。‎ ‎(1)escape from/out of ... 从……逃脱 escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 ‎(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生 ‎(3)escaped adj. 逃脱的 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①He was crossing the street when a man was driving fast towards him and he narrowly escaped ________ (kill)．‎ ‎②The prisoner used the tunnel to escape ________ jail.‎ 答案：①being killed　②from ‎(2)完成句子 The bullet missed about an inch, therefore, the rabbit had __________________ .‎ 子弹未击中兔子，仅差一英寸，因此兔子侥幸逃脱。‎ 答案：a narrow escape reward　n. 报酬；奖金　vt. 酬劳；奖赏 ‎[教材原句]They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.‎ 他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。‎ ‎(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事给某人报酬(或赏金)‎ in reward (for) 作为(对……的)报答 ‎(2)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事报答某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物/某事报答某人 ‎(3)rewarding adj. 有益的；值得的；有报酬的；报答的 ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will ________ (reward) with success in the end.‎ ‎②When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and ________ (reward)．‎ ‎③He received high praise ________ reward for his caring about the old.‎ 答案：①be rewarded　②rewarding　③in ‎[短语点拨]‎ in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎[教材原句]Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.‎ 伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。‎ get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦 take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事/困难尽力做某事 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone ______________ .‎ 我们快要回家的时候，我才意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉多么美妙！‎ ‎②No matter when you __________________ studying, please don't hesitate to ask for our help.‎ 无论什么时候学习有困难，请毫不犹豫地来找我们帮助。‎ ‎③Some people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may __________________ .‎ 有些人总是坚持他们的主张，即使那意味着他们会陷入困境。‎ 答案：①in trouble　②have trouble (in)　③get into trouble turn to 求助于；致力于 ‎[教材原句]Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal?‎ 为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉会使用暴力来使黑人和白人平等？‎ ‎(1)turn to sb. for help 向某人求助 take turns to do ... /in doing ... 轮流做……‎ in turn 依次；逐个；相应地 by turns 轮流地；交替地 ‎(2)turn down 关小；拒绝 turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走 turn up 出现；露面；调大 turn out 证明是；结果是；原来是 turn over 打翻；翻身；移交 turn ... into 把……变成 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①Nobody seems to understand. I don't know who to ________ .‎ 似乎没有人懂这个，我不知道该向谁求教。‎ ‎②Tom had to ________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.‎ 上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。‎ ‎③They ________ to look after their sick father in the hospital. ‎ 他们轮流照顾生病住院的父亲。‎ 答案：①turn to　②turn down　③took turns lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 ‎[教材原句]The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.‎ 这位科学家遇到困难时从不灰心，我们从其口中获得好消息。‎ ‎(1)put one's heart into 一心扑在……上 learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢某事 strike ... into sb./sb.'s heart 使……刻骨铭心 lose one's heart to sb. 爱上某人 ‎(2)heart and soul 全心全意地 from the bottom of sb.'s heart 从心底；由衷地 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①Though beaten by the opposite team, they didn't ________________ .‎ 虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丧失信心。‎ ‎②She ____________________ to the handsome soldier as soon as she saw him at a dance party.‎ 在一次舞会上，她一见到那个英俊的士兵就爱上了他。‎ ‎③There is an old saying like this, “Nothing is too hard if you ________________________ .”‎ 俗话说，“心之所愿，无所不成”。‎ 答案：①lose heart　②lost her heart　③put your heart into it ‎[句型与语法]‎ ‎[教材原句]The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ 过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。‎ ‎(1)see, find, witness等动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。‎ ‎(2)当先行词是stage, situation, case, point, position等词且从句缺少状语时，定语从句常用where或in which来引导，表示抽象的地点。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The old tower ________ (witness) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.‎ ‎②The year 1959 ________ (see) the first appearance of a real flying ship in the world.‎ ‎③It has put me in a position ________ I can't afford to take the job.‎ 答案：①has witnessed　②saw　③where ‎[教材原句]Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ 只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。‎ ‎(1)“only＋状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语＋其他。‎ ‎(2)only修饰名词或代词位于句首作主语时，句子不用倒装。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 Only if we deal with and overcome a large number of difficulties in a correct way ________ we realize our dream.‎ 答案：will/can ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Only by understanding and learning from each other __________________ these days together happily.‎ 只有互相理解和学习，我们才能一起愉快地度过这些天。‎ ‎②Only those who accept this reality ______________ a really full life.‎ 只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。‎ 答案：①can we spend　②will live ‎[教材原句]He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.‎ 他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。‎ ‎(1)此句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。‎ when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings，并在从句中充当时间状语。‎ ‎(2)定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。‎ 关系副词 用法 when 其先行词常常是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, hour, year等，when代替先行词在从句中作时间状语 where 其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place, room, house, street, area等， where在从句中代替先行词作地点状语 why 常用在先行词reason后，代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，也可用for which来代替 ‎【特别提醒】‎ 选择关系副词作关系词的原则是：从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，然后根据先行词表示的时间，地点和原因来确定when, where, why。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As the smallest child of his family, Ales is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.‎ ‎②Do you know the reason ________ he was absent today?‎ ‎③The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.‎ ‎④I still remember the day ________ which I first came to this school.‎ 答案：①when/during which　②why/for which ‎③where/in which　④on Do you know the __1__ (form) president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela? He fought for the black people and was __2__ prison for nearly thirty years. He helped black people get the equal rights as white people.‎ Elias had little education. Because his family couldn't afford __3__ (pay) the school fees, he had to drop out of school. Then he found a job in a gold mine and he worried about __4__ he would be out of work. It was during this difficult period of time __5__ he met Nelson Mandela for the first time, who was a black lawyer and offered __6__ (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems.‎ At that time, black people had no rights __7__ (vote) and their life was decided by the whites. Nelson Mandela said to Elias that they were put in a position __8__ they had either to accept they were less important, or fight the government. So he decided to use __9__ (violent). Though Elias didn't like violence, he helped Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings. He knew it was dangerous to do it, but he also knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people __10__ (equal)．‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 答案：1.former　2.in　3.to pay　4.whether　5.that ‎6．guidance　7.to vote　8.where　9.violence　10.equal