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2019届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit4 Helping people around the world学案
All around the world，an increasing number of people are spending their time taking part in online volunteering projects.What encourages them to help strangers without expectation of money or even thanks?
Radha Taralekar helped teach Imelda how to protect herself from HIV，though the two have never met，and neither knows the other’s name.Taralekar received no payment for the job.For Taralekar，the project gave her the chance to use her professional experience.“I want to serve people with my medical knowledge，” she said.For some，the inspiration to volunteer online was far more personal.After losing his wife to cancer，Tony Selman spent many hours online helping Cancer Research to collect information on the illness.“Seeing how painful she was when my wife was dying，I decided to help scientists find a way to treat cancer，” he said.
Interests and hobbies are also one of the reasons.Sam Luk joined other online volunteers to try to help the police solve murder cases.The police posted them online，calling for volunteers to help them to make sense of the messages.“I am interested in this and I love Sherlock Holmes，” said Luk.
For writer Clay Shirky，some large online volunteering projects help millions of people，giving him a sense of achievement.He helps write Wikipedia，the world’s biggest encyclopedia(百科全书)，which is written by people willing to use their professional knowledge.
阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．We can know that Radha Taralekar may be a doctor.(T)
2．Tony Selman decided to help Cancer Research because his wife was dead because of cancer.(T)
3．Sam Luk volunteered to help the police because of his duty of work.(F)
4．There are four reasons why people help strangers online mentioned in the text.(T)
Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．lack n．& vt.缺乏
2．description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明
describe vt.描写
3．political adj.政治的；政府的
4．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
worth adj.有……价值；值得的；n.价值……的东西；意义；作用
worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
5．victim n．受害者
6．equal adj.平等的；同等的；n.同等的人；相等物；vt.与……相同或相等
7．voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的；主动的
volunteer n．志愿者
8．contribute vt.& vi.贡献；捐赠，捐助；促成，导致
contribution n．贡献，捐献
9．acquire vt.购得；获得，得到
10．expand vi.& vt.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
expansion n．扩大，扩张，扩展；膨胀
11．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的
urgency n．紧急，急迫
urge vt.敦促，力劝；竭力主张；n.强烈的欲望，迫切的要求
12．starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死
starve v．饿死，挨饿
13．boil vt.& vi.沸腾，煮沸；烹煮
14．fetch vt.售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来
15．export n．出口产品，输出品；出口，输出；vt.& vi.出口，输出
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．refer to 与……相关，涉及；谈及；查阅，参考
2．in addition此外，除……以外(还)
3．draw someone’s attention to 使(某人)察觉到
4．under the umbrella of在……的保护下，在……的管理下
5．apart from(表示除……以外别无)除此之外；(表示除……以外尚有)撇开……来说
6．as a result 结果，因此
7．be decorated with 用……装饰
8．provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．be＋adj.＋to do...
This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地曾经很难耕种，但现在可以抽水灌溉了。
2．不定式作原因状语
I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.
能够担任这个角色，我感到非常荣幸。
3．as引导非限制性定语从句
As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.你是知道的，联合国触及各地人们的生活。
Ⅰ.阅读课文，匹配各部分大意
1．Part 1 (Paras.1～3) A．The problems the UN helps to solve and the goals they will reach.
2．Part 2 (Paras.4～5) B．Working as a UN Goodwill Ambassador and a brief introduction to the UN.
3．Part 3 (Para.6) C．The work which the author has been doing with the UN.
答案 1.B 2.C 3.A
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1．Which of the following is NOT the UN’s main purpose?
A．To keep international peace.
B．To develop friendly relationships among nations.
C．To work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights.
D．To be a centre of economy and culture in the world.
答案 D
2．Where do the UN soldiers come from?
A．Every country in the world.
B．Different countries that belong to the UN.
C．The developed countries.
D．The developing countries.
答案 B
3．Which of the following is TRUE about the writer’s work in the UN?
A．It is well paid.
B．It involves taking part in peacekeeping operations.
C．It involves visiting countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
D．It involves teaching women in South Africa to make baskets.
答案 C
4．According to a UN meeting in 2000，by the year 2015， .
A．everyone will be able to drink free water
B．all children will complete primary education
C．the diseases in the world will disappear
D．the women in South Africa will get rich
答案 B
Ⅲ.课文阅读填空
The UN—bringing everyone closer together
When was it set up
After the Second World War in 1.October 1945.
Countries in the UN
◆(originally)51 countries
◆(recently)2.192 countries
Problems it deals with
◆helps 3.end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts
◆4.assists the victims of wars and disasters
◆protects human rights
◆5.improves international laws
◆helps countries with other problems such as lack of education,6.starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases
Its four main functions
◆to keep international peace
◆to develop friendly 7.relationships among nations
◆to work together in solving international 8.political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights
◆to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations
Goals it promises to achieve by 2015
Eight goals，one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is 9.available to everyone and another is that all children 10.complete primary education.
Ⅳ.阅读课文，并以约30个词概括第二段(P50，L9－15)的段落大意。
This paragraph mainly tells us when the United Nations was founded and its member countries.At the same time，we can also learn something about the four main functions of this organization.
重点词汇
1．When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.
当粮食缺乏时，就会有饥饿(发生)。
(1)lack n．& vt.缺乏
(a)lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
no lack of ……充足，不缺少……
lack in...在……方面缺乏
lack (for)sth. 缺少某物
(2)be lacking in 缺乏(某种品质、特点等)
(1)There was no lack of volunteers.
志愿者不乏其人。
(2)Robin is not usually lacking in confidence.
罗宾平时并不缺乏自信心。
[单项填空]
(3)You know，he doesn’t money.His unhappiness is for courage to face the fact.
A．lack of；lack
B．lack；lack of
C．lack；shortage of
D．lack of；a shortage of
答案 B
解析 lack作及物动词时，后面直接跟名词；for lack of因缺少……；a shortage of缺少。
2．I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.
我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。
(1)refer to谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；参考，查阅
refer to...as...把……当作……；将……称作……
refer...to...将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)
(2)reference n．提及，涉及；说到(或写到)的事；参考，查阅；v.查阅，参考；给(书等)附参
考资料
in/with reference to关于……
for reference以备查阅
(1)Don’t refer to your dictionary each time you meet unknown words.
遇到不认识的词，不要每次都查字典。
(2)Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.
把电话号码表放在电话旁边，方便查找。
[易混辨析] look up，refer to
二者都有“查阅；参考”的意思，但搭配不同：
※look up的宾语多为word，information等，不可以是book，dictionary等。
※refer to的意思比较广泛，当“查找”讲时，其宾语多为book，dictionary等。
[单项填空]
(3)The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.
A．bringing up B．referring to
C．looking for D．trying on
答案 B
解析 由语境可知，此处应为“没有参考演讲稿”，refer to参考，查阅。
3．First I should give you a short description of the UN.
首先我应该给你们简短讲一下联合国。
(1)description n．(描写)文字，形容，说明
beyond description难以描述
(2)describe...as...把……描述成……
注意：(1)describe后不接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语。
(2)describe...as...的意思是“把……描述成……”，其中的as习惯上不宜换成to be。
(1)His face is weary beyond description.
他一脸难以形容的疲惫。
(2)Eriksson described him as “the best player on the playground”．
埃里克森称他是“场上最好的球员”。
[单项填空]
(3)The newspaper article gave a vivid of the earthquake which happened in Japan and we can know how things happened there.
A．starvation B．description
C．operation D．argument
答案 B
解析 句意为：报纸文章生动地描述了发生在日本的地震，所以我们能知道那里发生的事情。description描述，符合句意。
4．With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.
在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。
(1)His deed is worthy of praise/to be praised.
他的行为值得称赞。
[易混辨析] worthy，worth，worthwhile
worthy
在句中可作表语和定语。常用句式：
①be worthy of＋n./being done
②be worthy＋to be done
worth
在句中只作表语。常用句式：
①be worth＋钱数/名词
②be (well) worth＋doing sth.
worthwhile
在句中可作表语、定语和宾语补足语。常用句式：
①It is worthwhile＋to do/doing sth.
②主语＋动词＋it＋worthwhile＋doing/to do sth.
(2)The old castle is well worth a visit/visiting.
这座古老的城堡很值得游览。
[单项填空]
(3)The teacher thinks it is to devote so much time to his students.
A．worth；worthwhile
B．worthwhile；worthy
C．worthy；worth
D．worthy；worthwhile
答案 D
解析 句意为：这位令人尊敬的老师认为在他的学生身上花如此多的时间是值得的。worthy值得的，有价值的，可尊敬的；It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做某事。
5．In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.
此外，联合国还协助保护人权并致力于改进各种国际法律，例如，有关童工、少数民族及妇女的平等权利的法律。
(1)in addition(相当于副词)此外，除……之外(还)
in addition to(相当于介词，后加名词、代词、动名词)除……之外(还)
(2)additional adj.额外的
(1)In addition，you should pay attention to your pronunciation.另外，你要注意发音。
(2)The charge for the delivery is additional.
运费另计。
[单项填空]
(3) the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.
A．In reply to B．In addition to
C．In charge of D．In place of
答案 B
解析 句意为：除了学校，村庄还有一个诊所，也是由政府扶持建立的。由后面also一词可知，应填in addition to“除……之外(还)”。
(1)equal adj.平等的；同等的；能胜任的；n.同等的人；相等物；vt.与……相同或相等
be equal in在……方面比得上
be equal to sth. /doing sth. 等于……；与……相等；胜任……
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
(2)equally adv.相等地，同样地
(3)equality n．平等
(4)No one equals him in strength.
没有谁比得上他的力气。
(5)When it comes to the art of war，ants are without equal/have no equal.
当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。
(6)Don’t you believe in equality between men and women?
难道你不相信男女平等吗？
[单项填空]
(7)Whatever background you come from，you can be successful with your hard work like many others.(2017·南京金陵中学高二检测)
A．mostly B．merely
C．equally D．hardly
答案 C
解析 句意为：无论你是什么背景，你可以通过努力工作像许多其他人一样取得成功。equally同样地，符合语境。
6．In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people’s attention to the situation.
此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人对相关形势的注意力。
draw one’s attention to...使某人注意到……
attract/catch/get/come to one’s attention吸引/引起/得到某人的注意
bring sth.to one’s attention＝bring sth.to the attention of sb.使某人关注某事；使某事引起某人的注意
pay attention to...注意……
(1)Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention.
她的新衣服引起了很大关注。
(2)The government must take measures to bring water pollution to the attention of the public.
政府必须采取措施让公众关注水污染的问题。
(3)Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and think of others when travelling.
外出旅游时务必注意保护环境，为他人着想。
[单项填空]
(4)If the poor man hadn’t managed to the attention of the public for help，he would be dead now.
A．fetch B．focus
C．draw D．pay
答案 C
解析 句意为：如果这个可怜的人没有设法吸引公众的注意来获得帮助，他现在已经死了。draw the attention of sb. 吸引某人的注意。
7．They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.
她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府捐助给她们的那些钱加在一起。
(1)contribute v．捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
contribute...to...把……贡献给……；给……投稿；把……捐赠给……
contribute to有助于；促成，起作用
(2)contribution n．贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献
(1)He contributed an article to China Daily.
他为《中国日报》撰写了一篇文章。
(2)Pollution from nearby factories has also contributed to the problem.
来自附近工厂的污染也是造成这一问题的原因。
(3)He has made great contributions to/made a great contribution to a space development program.
他对一项太空发展计划做出了很大的贡献。
[单项填空]
(4)I hope your suggestions will contribute the problem.
A．to solve B．to solving
C．solve D．solved
答案 B
解析 contribute to有助于，起作用，to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。
8．With luck their group will be able to expand and maybe set up a shop.
运气好的话，她们的小组还能够进一步扩大，或许还能开一个店铺。
(1)expand vi.& vt.扩展；发展(业务)；扩大；增强
expand into...扩大成……
expand on/upon详细阐明
(2)expansion n．扩大，扩展；膨胀
(1)We’ve expanded the business by opening two more stores.我们增开了两个商店来扩展业务。
(2)Ten years later，the village expanded into a town.十年后，这个村子发展成了一个城镇。
(3)I will expand on/upon this problem next time.
下次我再详细谈这个问题。
[单项填空]
(4)I don’t think we should our business in the present economic climate.
A．express B．explain
C．exhaust D．expand
答案 D
解析 句意为：我认为我们不应该在目前的经济环境中扩大业务。express 表达；explain解释；exhaust 用尽，耗尽；expand使……变大，扩张。根据题意，故选D。
经典句式
1．This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.
这块地曾经很难耕种，但现在可以抽水灌溉了。
(1)This land was difficult to farm...是一个特殊句式，即“Sth. ＋be＋adj.＋to do...”句式。
(2)一般来说，不定式在easy，difficult，nice等形容词之后作状语，且不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动语态表示被动含义。
(3)在这种句式中，不定式可以带上自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语通常由介词for引出；如果构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，那么该动词后常常会加上适当的介词。
(1)The water is not fit to drink.
这水不适合饮用。
(2)The flat is comfortable to live in.
这套公寓住起来很舒适。
[单项填空]
(3)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A．held B．holding
C．be held D．to hold
答案 D
解析 此处comfortable后省略了hold的逻辑主语for sb. ，故用主动形式表示被动意义。
2．As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.你是知道的，联合国触及各地人们的生活。
as you know 正如你所知道的
(1)as引导限制性定语从句时，其先行词前有such，as，so，the same等修饰，且as在从句中作主语或宾语。
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。
(1)Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。
(2)We were sitting，as I remember，in a riverside restaurant.
我记得我们当时是坐在一个河畔的餐馆里。
[单项填空]
(3)It is such a good place everybody wants to visit it is wellknown all over the world.(2017·盐城射阳中学高二检测)
A．which；that B．as；as
C．as；that D．that；as
答案 C
解析 第一空as引导定语从句；第二空that引导结果状语从句。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It is urgent(紧急的) that the patient should be sent to hospital.
2．A voluntary rescue team made up of 11 workers hurried to the area.
3．She acquired(获得) a knowledge of Japanese when she was in Japan.
4．The businessman contributed a lot of money to the church last year.
5．Many people died of starvation as a result of the drought.
6．The police have issued a description(描述) of the man who was aged between fifty and sixty.
7．We will be demanding equal rights at work.
8．The islands export(出口) sugar and fruit.
Ⅱ.选词填空
9．In addition to a good diet，she keeps on taking exercise to keep fit.
10．—You can’t take the book out of the reading room.
—It doesn’t matter.I just want to refer to it for some figures.
11．When the sun started to go down，he stopped and set up a tent.
12．Many previously separate groups are now operating under the umbrella of a single authority.
13．Does he wear those ridiculous clothes to draw attention to himself?
Ⅲ.完成句子
14．正如报道中描述的那样，他是一个伟大的英雄。
He is a great hero，as is described in the report.
15．我筋疲力尽了。我整个下午一直在购物。
I’m tired out.I have been shopping all afternoon.
16．你认为谁获得了第一名？
Who do you think has got the first prize?
17．由人类活动造成的灾难频频发生。
Disasters caused by human activities frequently occur.
18．这个问题难以解决。
The problem is difficult to solve.
Ⅳ.单项填空
19．—How do you find the town you visited last Sunday?
—The town has changed out of all in the past few decades，a completely new one in front of me.
A．realization B．description
C．expression D．recognition
答案 D
解析 句意为：——你觉得上周日你参观的镇子怎么样？——在过去几十年里这个镇子已经变得认不出了，在我面前的是一个全新的镇子了。realization意识；description描写；expression表达；recognition认出。由句意可知选D项。
20．The number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A．it B．which
C．what D．as
答案 D
解析 考查定语从句的引导词。句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”。
21．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a of exercise.
A．limit B．lack
C．need D．demand
答案 B
解析 句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼息息相关。lack缺乏，符合句意。limit限制；need需要；demand需求。故选B项。
22．Everything into consideration，the environmental problem we are looking forward to seeing solved is our government’s attention.
A．is taken；worth B．taking；worthy
C．taken；worthy of D．taken；worth of
答案 C
解析 根据句子结构，第一空应填非谓语动词，又因everything与take之间存在被动关系，排除A、B两项；worth和worthy都表示“值得”，但结构分别为be worth＋n.和be worthy of＋n.，故选C项。
23．If you want to go abroad， English，you’ll have to study a second foreign language.(2017·盐城亭湖高级中学高二检测)
A．except for B．in addition
C．in addition to D．except
答案 C
解析 句意为：如果你想出国，除了英语以外，你还要再学一门外语。in addition to为复合介词，意为“除……之外(还有)”，符合题意。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The newly married couple decided to give up their honeymoon trip a sound economic base.
A．for fear of B．for lack of
C．in favor of D．in place of
答案 B
解析 句意为：由于缺少良好的经济基础，这对新婚夫妇决定放弃他们的蜜月旅行。for lack of由于缺少，符合句意。for fear of唯恐；in favor of支持；in place of替代。
2．It was unwise of him to the unreliable data in his speech.(2017·东台三仓中学高二检测)
A．refer to B．add to
C．belong to D．point to
答案 A
解析 句意为：他在演讲中提及不可靠的数据的做法是不明智的。refer to提及，参考，查阅；add to增添；belong to属于；point to指向。根据句意可知应选A项。
3．If you pay for the computer in cash，you could have a 5% discount； ，we can deliver it to you for free.(2017·泰州高二检测)
A．in demand B．in addition
C．in return D．in place
答案 B
解析 句意为：如果你用现金付款的话，可以打5%的回扣，此外还可以免费送货。根据句意，故选B项。
4．The population of Africa is so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.
A．expanding B．stretching
C．extending D．spreading
答案 A
解析 expand扩大，增加，符合语境。stretch伸展；extend延长；spread传播。
5．The media can often help solve problems and attention to situations help is needed.
A．take；which B．draw；where
C．pay；that D．draw；/
答案 B
解析 句意为：媒体能经常帮助解决问题并且把注意力吸引到需要帮助的地方。draw attention to吸引注意力到……；situation，case等作先行词表示虚拟的地点时后边常用where引导定语从句。pay attention to关注，注意，与句意不符。
6．They are of height，but I think Mary the job.
A．equal；is equal to B．equally；is equal
C．equal；equals D．equally；equal
答案 A
解析 equal可以作形容词，修饰名词height；be equal to the job称职，胜任工作，故A项正确。
7．Most people think that it is to spend some time surfing the Internet，but we shouldn’t be too dependent on it.
A．worth B．worthwhile
C．worth of D．worthy of
答案 B
解析 此处考查it is worthwhile to do/doing...句式。
8．Mum is coming.What present for your birthday?
A．you expect she has got
B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got
D．do you expect has she got
答案 C
解析 考查插入语及宾语从句。do you expect作为插入语放在特殊疑问句中，从句要用陈述语气，故选C项。
9． being fun and good exercise，swimming is a very useful skill.
A．Apart from B．But for
C．Thanks to D．Regardless of
答案 A
解析 句意为：除了好玩以及锻炼身体以外，游泳也是一项非常有用的技能。apart from意为“除……以外(还)”。
10．In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant .
A．to deal with B．dealing with
C．to be dealt with D．dealt with
答案 A
解析 句意为：在很多人看来，那个公司，虽然相对小一些，但是和它打交道很愉快。某些形容词(pleasant，nice，comfortable，difficult，hard，easy等)后接动词不定式时，常用主动形式表被动含义。
Ⅱ.完形填空
One afternoon I toured an art museum and I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces.A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me talked 11 between themselves.I watched them a moment and 12 she was doing all the talking.
I admired his patience for 13 up with her talkativeness.Annoyed by their noise，I moved on.I 14 with them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art. 15 I heard her constant flood of words，I moved 16 quickly.I was making a purchase at the counter of the gift shop when I 17 the couple approaching the exit.Before they left，the man took out a 18 and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a 19 man，” the clerk at the counter said.“Most of us would 20 if we were blinded at such a young age.During his recovery，he made a vow(发誓) that his life wouldn’t 21 .So，as before he and his wife come in 22 there’s a new art show.”
“But 23 does he get out of the art？” I asked.“He can’t see.”
“Can’t see！You’re 24 .He sees a lot.More than you or I do，” the clerk said.“His wife 25 each painting so he can see it in his 26 .”
I 27 something about patience，courage and love that day.I saw the 28 of a young wife describing paintings to a person without 29 and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life.And I saw the love 30 by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.
语篇解读 这篇文章描述的是作者在艺术博物馆里遇到一对年轻夫妇，从一开始对他们行为的反感和不理解到最终知道那个年轻男人是一个盲人而没有改变生活态度的勇气以及年轻女人对丈夫的耐心而深有感触，也被他们之间的爱情所感动。
11．A.continuously B．carefully
C．hardly D．lively
答案 A
解析 continuously持续地。根据后文中我看了他们一会儿，并且发现那对夫妇中的女人一直在说，所以这里应该是指他们持续地聊天。故选A。
12．A.commanded B．suggested
C．decided D．insisted
答案 C
解析 decide有“裁决，判断”的意思，这里是指我通过观察判断是那个女人在说话。故选C。
13．A.keeping B．staying
C．coming D．putting
答案 D
解析 根据语境可知，我是很佩服夫妇中的男士能够有耐心忍受住女士不停地说。put up with忍受，故选D。
14．A.met B．quarreled
C．viewed D．compared
答案 A
解析 meet with偶遇。这里指的是我和这对夫妻在博物馆的参观中又遇见了好几次。故选A。
15．A.As though B．Now that
C．Each time D．Ever since
答案 C
解析 这里是each time引导的时间状语从句，意思是：每一次我听见她那频繁的仿佛滔滔洪水一般的话语的时候，我就快速走开。
16．A.up B．away
C．in D．out
答案 B
解析 解析见上题。
17．A.watched B．considered
C．realized D．noticed
答案 D
解析 结合上下文来看，这里是指我在礼品店的柜台买礼物的时候注意到了那对夫妇靠近出口。故选D。
18．A.walking stick B．walking dog
C．cell phone D．wallet
答案 A
解析 由下文可知，这个男人是一个盲人，所以这里应该是他用手杖走路，故选A。
19．A.patient B．unlucky
C．brave D．clever
答案 C
解析
由后文可知，这个男士还很年轻就成为了盲人，但他和他的妻子在每次有新的画展的时候仍会前来观看。由此可以推断出这是一个勇敢面对人生的人，故选C。
20．A.give in B．give up
C．give away D．give back
答案 B
解析 give up放弃。如果如此年轻就失明了，我们大部分人都会放弃。故选B。
21．A.worsen B．change
C．end D．darken
答案 B
解析 change变化。男人成为了盲人，但他发誓自己的生活并不会因此而发生变化。
22．A.whenever B．wherever
C．however D．whoever
答案 A
解析 句意为：所以和以前一样，无论何时有新的画展，他和妻子都会来。该句中各个成分完整，唯独缺时间状语，故选whenever。
23．A.how B．if
C．whether D．what
答案 D
解析 根据后文店员的话：“那个男人可以看见很多东西，比你和我看到的都多。”可知，这里是针对看到的内容提问的。故选D。
24．A.right B．wrong
C．foolish D．careless
答案 B
解析 根据该空前的句子我们可以知道作者认为男人看不见东西，可是后文中店员回答说他看到了很多东西可知店员认为作者错了。故选B。
25．A.paints B．buys
C．admires D．describes
答案 D
解析 这里是指男子看不见，但是有妻子描述每一幅画，所以他能“看”到。故选D。
26．A.spirits B．ears
C．head D．soul
答案 C
解析 head头。因为男人看不见画，是妻子给他描述之后男人想象的，所以是在男人的脑海里。故选C。
27．A.learned B．found
C．judged D．considered
答案 A
解析 根据上下文可知该句意思为：我那天学到了一些关于耐心、勇气和爱的东西。
28．A.kindness B．words
C．courage D．patience
答案 D
解析 patience耐心。结合上下文，因为丈夫看不见了，妻子不厌其烦地跟丈夫描述油画的内容，所以这里是指年轻妻子的耐心。故选D。
29．A.stop B．sight
C．complaint D．delay
答案 B
解析 sight视力。这里是指失明的丈夫。without sight失明。故选B。
30．A.shown B．valued
C．shared D．received
答案 C
解析 share分享，共有。作者被夫妇俩之间共有的爱感动了。故选C。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2018·泰州中学高二检测)
On a recent visit to the Museum of Modern Art with a friend and her daughter，wandering through the museum’s exhibits，I was struck by how often my friend’s 13yearold daughter asked us to take photos of her with her smartphone in front of the artwork.Then，she gazed at the photos which she would then post on Instagram，Snapchat and all the rest.She was not the only person who was doing this；it seemed everyone was busy taking photos of themselves “experiencing” the museum.
This is by no means a criticism of my friend’s daughter or anyone else.What was concerning，at least to me，was that in between being photographed and posting，my friend’s daughter had no interest in the artwork，a fact which didn’t seem to matter or have anything to do with wanting to post herself as someone enjoying the experience.
When I was her age，I had no interest in going to museums either.Having no interest in art at her age (and any age) is completely normal.But what is disturbing is how much of a young person’s energy these days goes into creating an image of the life they’re living and the character they “are” in that life.While creating a selfimage has always been a big part of growing up and figuring out our identity，social media seems to have changed the rules of the game.Social media has not just increased the pressure and possibility of creating a selfgenerated(自我创造的
) selfimage，but also distorted(歪曲) the process through which we become who we are.Young people now seem to be creating an image of who they are in place of becoming who they are，posting their life rather than living it.
Social media has turned life and its experiences into an exercise in narcissism(自恋，自我陶醉)．No matter what the experience is actually about，it becomes about you，the person who is living it.A concert is not about the music，a restaurant not about the food and a sport event not about the sport；it’s all about you，the doer，and what the event says about you.As a result，the more we use life to create an identity，the more distant from life we feel.Instead of being part of it，we feel as if we have to keep generating new life material.
I hope the next time you post your story，pause for a moment and experience where you are，feel what it feels like to live what you’re living without using life for your benefit，or for anything at all.Just live，without the narrative(叙述)．While you may feel this practice is a threat to your identity，causing you to miss a chance to prove your value，in fact，the benefit will far outweigh any loss it brings.
语篇解读 本文主要讲了现在很多人都热衷于在社交媒体上分享照片。但是比起照片中的“生活”，真真切切地感受当下更为重要。
31．According to the author，the fact that her friend’s daughter was not interested in the artwork is .
A．worrying B．unsurprising
C．unchangeable D．unbearable
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...my friend’s daughter had no interest in the artwork，a fact which didn’t seem to matter or have anything to do with wanting to post herself as someone enjoying the experience.”以及第三段前两句可知，作者朋友的女儿对艺术品不感兴趣，作者并不惊讶。故选B。
32．Which of the following is the basic reason behind people’s continuously posting their life?
A．Their desire for being well known.
B．Their increased focus on life.
C．The influence of social media.
D．The pressure from their family and friends.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...social media seems to have changed the rules of the game.Social media has not just increased the pressure and possibility of creating a
selfgenerated(自我创造的) selfimage，but also distorted(歪曲) the process through which we become who we are.”可知，根本原因就是社交媒体的影响。故选C。
33．The author believes that the identity people create through narcissism may .
A．prevent them behaving properly
B．stand in the way of leading a true life
C．cause them to depend more on the remarks of others
D．damage their creativity in producing life material
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“As a result，the more we use life to create an identity，the more distant from life we feel.”可知作者认为，通过自恋创建的身份可能会挡住通向真实生活的道路。故选B。
34．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .
A．trying to take control of your feelings
B．facing the threat to your identity bravely
C．improving your selfimage through writing
D．experiencing what you’re doing practically
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。根据最后一段最后一句“While you may feel this practice is a threat to your identity，causing you to miss a chance to prove your value，in fact，the benefit will far outweigh any loss it brings.”(虽然你可能觉得这种做法是对你的身份的一种威胁，使你错过机会证明你的价值，事实上，它的好处将远远大于它带来的任何损失。)可知it在本句中指代this practice，而this practice指的是本段第一句中的“实际体验你正在做的事情”，故选D。
Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．alternative adj.可供替代的；n.可供选择的事物
2．remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．aim to do sth. 想要做某事，立志要做某事
2．make good preparations for...为……做好准备
3．force sb. to do sth. /force sb. into doing sth. 强迫某人做某事
4．thanks to幸亏；由于
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．which引导非限制性定语从句
These include：the Universal Postal Union，which makes sure we can send and receive post to and from every part of the world；...
这些(机构)包括“万国邮政联盟”，这能保证我们在世界的每一个地方都能收发邮件；……
2．would rather＋从句
I would rather you hadn’t told me about it.
我宁愿你没告诉过我这件事。
3．If only...要是……就好了。
If only there were more people donating money to charities!
要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！
重点词汇
If I had taken an alternative path and studied medicine，I would have known a lot of medical knowledge.
如果我走上了另外一条道路去学医，我会知道很多医学知识。
(1)alternative adj.可供替代的；n.可供选择的事物
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事
There is no alternative...别无选择……
(2)alternatively adj.或者；两者择一地
(1)His idea is an alternative to the original plan.
他的主张是原计划的备选。
(2)If you want to stand out，there is no alternative but hard work.
你如果想脱颖而出，除了努力工作没有别的选择。
[单项填空]
(3)China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 percent. ，the rate may be set between 6 to 7 percent，for the sake of a healthy environment.
A．Differently B．Alternatively
C．Accordingly D．Conversely
答案 B
解析 句意为：中国还是将增长率保持在7%以上为好，为了一个健康的环境，或者这个比率可以设置在6%到7%之间。differently不同地，相异地；alternatively或者，二者择一地，要不然；accordingly因此，依据；conversely相反地，反之。故选B。
经典句式
If only there were more people donating money to charities！要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！
if only为连接性短语，常引导虚拟语气的感叹句或状语从句，表示愿望或未实现的条件。表达的愿望与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成时；表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，用“would/could＋动词原形”。
(1)If only I hadn’t been so careless in the exam!
要是我当时在考试中没有那么粗心就好了！
(2)If only they would/could tell me what they have decided.但愿他们能把决定了的事告诉我。
[易混辨析] if only，only if
※if only但愿……，要是……就好了，常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句。
※only if只要，只有，引导陈述语气的真实条件从句。
[单项填空]
(3)—It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday.
—If only I to my hometown!
A．didn’t return
B．hadn’t returned
C．shouldn’t return
D．wouldn’t return
答案 B
解析 根据语境可知，这是与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词应用过去完成时，故选B项。
Ⅰ.词形变换
1．The UN is an important organization(organize) that helps many people around the world.
2．As we all know，China and India are both developing(develop) countries.
3．The project is to promote cultural(culture) development and protect the heritages.
4．For most of us，it is a challenging(challenge) task to finish it in two days.
5．Employees make regular donations(donate) to charity.
Ⅱ.完成句子
6．我要是有一个像你这样的姐姐该多好！
If only I had a sister like you!
7．如果我们不能及时完成这个计划怎么办？
What if we could not fulfill the plan in time?
8．有人建议我们举行一次演讲比赛。
It is suggested that we (should) hold a speech contest.
9．他别无选择只有等待。
He had no alternative but to wait.
10．我宁愿你现在对我讲真话。
I would rather you told me the truth now.
Ⅲ.单项填空
11．Our teachers are always serving the students wholeheartedly， their personal gain or loss.
A．regardless of B．in favor of
C．thanks to D．with regard to
答案 A
解析 句意为：我们的老师总是全身心地为学生服务，不管他们个人的得与失。regardless of 不管；in favor of 支持；thanks to 多亏了；with regard to关于。由句意可知选A项。
12．—I wonder if you are satisfied with my proposal.
—But I prefer to see an one before making a decision.
A．alternative B．another
C．other D．others
答案 A
解析 根据句子意思可知回答者希望能有可供选择的提议再做决定，可与one搭配的只有alternative。another前不需要冠词。
13．—Any information about your son?
—No.If only I those tough words to him.
A．didn’t say
B．hadn’t said
C．shouldn’t have said
D．couldn’t have said
答案 B
解析 答句句意为：没有。要是我没有对他说那些严厉的话就好了。if only要是……
就好了。句意表达的是和过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时。
14．One may never know the of knowledge without being educated.
A．power B．force
C．energy D．strength
答案 A
解析 the power of knowledge知识的力量。force主要指“外力”；energy精力，能量；strength(人的)力量，(物的)强度。
15．I’m determined to get a seat for the concert it means standing in a queue all night.
A．as though B．even if
C．in case D．so that
答案 B
解析 as though仿佛，好像；even if即使，虽然；in case万一，如果；so that因此，为了。句意为：我决心得到一个音乐会的座位，即使这意味着整夜排队。
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He is too busy now；otherwise he would help(help) you with your English.
2．—But for your timely warning，we would have got(get) into great trouble.
—You know we’re friends.
3．I failed in the maths exam.How I wish I hadn’t wasted(not，waste) so much time playing!
4．If only I had known(know) his telephone number yesterday!
5．He insisted that we (should) punish(punish) the boy.
6．It is ordered that the doctors (should) be sent(send) to the area at once.
7．The doctor’s suggestion is that I (should) lose(lose) weight.
8．I’d rather you stayed(stay) here today.
9．I would have come(come) to the party last night，but I had an unexpected visitor then.
10．It is necessary that the old (should) be examined(examine) once a year.
一、错综时间条件句
在这种条件句中，虚拟条件句即条件从句和主句所指时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词时态。
If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。
If they had started in the early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.
如果他们一大早就出发，再过半小时就该到了。
二、含蓄条件句
不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语(without...，but for...)，连词(but)，副词(otherwise)或上下文等表示某种假设的情况。
Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.
如果没有电，生活就和现在的非常不一样了。
I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
那天我病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。
三、虚拟语气在as if/though，if only后的从句中的应用
1．as if/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
The young man with long hair walks as if he were a small girl.
留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。
2．if only表示“要是……就好了”，其后虚拟语气的用法见前面“经典句式”中讲的。
If only I had come to the party yesterday.
如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。
四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1．表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词insist，demand，require，request，propose，suggest，command，order等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
注意：suggest意为“暗示，表明”；insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。
The look on his face suggested he was upset.
他脸上的表情表明他很沮丧。
He insisted that he was right.
他坚持说他是对的。
2．在wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反；用“could/would＋动词原形”表示与将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
I wish I were 30 years younger.
我真希望自己能年轻三十岁。
I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
我真希望有一天我能飞到月球上。
3．在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
I’d rather we had a rest now.
我希望我们现在休息一下。
五、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
1．“It＋is＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。
用于本句型的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising，strange，shocking，natural，essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等动词有关的形容词，如desirable(←desire)，urgent(←urge)，advisable(←advise)，preferable(←prefer)等。
It is necessary that he (should) listen to the radio frequently.他很有必要常听收音机。
It is impossible that they (should) feel uncomfortable to live with us.
他们跟我们住在一起不舒服，这不可能。
2．“It＋is＋过去分词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。
用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It has been suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议推迟会议。
It is required that you (should) wear proper suits to take part in the party.
参加这个晚会要着装适当，这是规定。
六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在表示说话人的愿望(desire)，建议(suggestion，advice)，要求(requirement，demand)，命令(order，command)等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，即从句谓语动词用“(should＋)do”。
Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.
我们的建议是你应该按时到那儿。
What do you think of his suggestion that we (should) put on a play?
他建议我们演一出剧，你觉得怎样？
1．—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津，15)
A．hadn’t been B．wouldn’t have been
C．weren’t D．wouldn’t be
答案 B
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。
2．Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.(2015·陕西，23)
A．dance B．will dance
C．had danced D．danced
答案 D
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词用过去时，选D项。
3．I wish I at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015·天津，13)
A．will be B．would be
C．have been D．had been
答案 D
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip...可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。
4．Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015·重庆，7)
A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written
C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written
答案 D
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/might＋have done，故D项正确。
5．It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now.(2015·安徽，32)
A．had B．had had
C．would have D．would have had
答案 C
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or
引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用“would＋动词原形”，故选C。
6．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they to our help.(2014·浙江，16)
A．would have come B．could come
C．have come D．had come
答案 A
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：我们进行调研的那几个月他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于if they hadn’t been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况，因此这里谓语动词用would have done，故A项正确。
7．We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014·陕西，23)
A．would stay B．has stayed
C．stayed D．stay
答案 C
解析 考查虚拟语气。would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“had＋过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。
8．It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it？(2014·重庆，13)
A．had done B．have done
C．did D．am doing
答案 A
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：是John打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏的似的？题中broke表示“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。
9．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam at the age of six months old.(2013·浙江，8)
A．was B．be
C．were D．is
答案 B
解析 recommend建议，其后常接that 引导的宾语从句，而宾语从句中要用sb. should do或者sth. should be done的形式，should常可省略。故本题应选B项。
10．I to my cousin’s birthday party last night，but I was not available.(2013·安徽，28)
A．went B．had gone
C．would go D．would have gone
答案 D
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意为：昨天晚上我本来要去我表弟的生日晚会，但是我没空。would do表示对将来或现在的假设；would have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。but后面是实际情况，而前面则是虚拟语气，故答案为D。
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．If I had taken your advice，I wouldn’t be(be) in such trouble.
2．Without your financial support，they wouldn’t have overcome(overcome) the setbacks.
3．If only I had taken(take) my mother’s advice last night!
4．The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students (should) be given(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.
5．He insisted that they (should) show(show) him their passports.
6．The last chance has been lost.How he wishes he could/would have(have) one more!
Ⅱ.句型转换
7．If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.
Had you followed my advice just now，you would be better now.
8．If you hadn’t helped us，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
But for your help，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time.
9．I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the meeting.
I was ill yesterday.If I hadn’t been ill，I would have taken part in the meeting.
10．It is important for us to learn English well.
It is important that we should learn English well.
11．The police demanded us to leave the building at once.
The police demanded that we should leave the building at once.
Ⅲ.单项填空
12．—Why didn’t you call me then?
—Oh，my cellphone was power off.I you otherwise.
A．would call B．had called
C．have called D．would have called
答案 D
解析 句意为：——为什么当时你不给我打电话？——哦，我的手机没电了。否则的话我会给你打的。此处相当于if条件状语从句中与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，主句用would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词，指如果我的手机当时有电的话我会给你打的。故选D项。
13．But for the survival instinct that nearly all creatures have，more species from the earth.(2018·无锡高二检测)
A．could disappear
B．might have disappeared
C．should disappear
D．will have disappeared
答案 B
解析 句意为：如果不是几乎所有物种都具备的生存本能，更多的物种可能已经从地球上消失了。根据句意可知，此句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，故选B项。
14．It’s too bad that my computer has got a new virus.If only I that programme！(2018·南通如东高二检测)
A．didn’t run B．haven’t run
C．hadn’t run D．wouldn’t run
答案 C
解析 句意为：真糟糕我的电脑中了新的病毒。要是我没有运行那个程序就好了！此处表示与过去的事实相反，所以用过去完成时态，故选C项。
15．Their requirement that he one year’s experience is reasonable.(2018·徐州高二检测)
A．had B．has
C．have D．would have
答案 C
解析 句意为：他们要求他有一年的工作经验是有理由的。requirement后边用that引导同位语从句，从句中谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略，故选C。
16．If I my umbrella with me when I came out this morning，I wet now.
A．had taken；should not be
B．have taken；am not
C．took；should not be
D．had taken；can’t be
答案 A
解析 题干为错综时间条件句，条件从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语形式为had done；主句表示与现在事实相反的假设，故主句谓语形式为“should/could/would/might＋动词原形”，故A项正确。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I hope to lead a quiet and clean life in a place from the busy daily life of the city after I retire from teaching.
A．narrow B．shallow
C．accessible D．remote
答案 D
解析 句意为：从教师岗位上退休后，我希望在远离城市忙碌生活的地方过一种清静的生活。remote偏远的，偏僻的，符合句意。narrow狭窄的；shallow浅的；accessible可接近的。
2．Advertisers and service providers take at the mobile phone users in Xiamen University Town.
A．aim B．goal
C．object D．purpose
答案 A
解析 take aim at 把目标对准……。
3．—What’s your feeling now?
—I am terribly sorry.If only I here yesterday!
A．came B．would have come
C．have come D．had come
答案 D
解析 if only意为“要是……就好了”，其后的从句用虚拟语气，由时间状语yesterday来看，这是与过去事实相反的愿望，所以从句中用过去完成时。故选D。
4．Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he something instead of just talking.
A．will do B．has done
C．do D．did
答案 D
解析 句意为：Jack是一个很喜欢说大话的人。到了他做点事情，而不是只讲大话的时候了。It’s high time that后面的句子要用一般过去时或should do (should不可省略)。
5．What’s your opinion of Mr Li’s request that we spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning?
A．must B．would
C．should D．could
答案 C
解析 request请求，后面的名词性从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即(should＋)动词原形。故选C。
6．My parents are talking about their school days as if they back at school.
A．are B．were
C．have been D．had been
答案 B
解析 句意为：我父母在谈论他们的学校生涯，好像他们回到了学校。as if后可用虚拟语气，根据语境可知此处与现在事实相反，应用动词的过去式，故选B项。
7．There was a smile on his face which suggested that he happy to have given his life for his country.
A．was B．should be
C．would be D．were
答案 A
解析 该题中suggest意为“表明，暗示”，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
8．Don’t come this morning.I would rather you the day after tomorrow.
A．come B．came
C．are to come D．will come
答案 B
解析 would rather后跟从句时，从句用虚拟语气，此处表示将来的愿望，故从句用一般过去时。
9．But for the help of my English teacher，I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
答案 B
解析 由but for引起的介词短语在句中作状语时，句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反，故用would have done形式，根据句意可知，选B。
10．Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat，the earth at night ，too cold for us to live.
A．would be coldly freezing
B．would be freezing cold
C．would be frozen cold
D．will freeze coldly
答案 B
解析 句意为：如果没有大气层保温，夜晚地球就会非常寒冷，冷得我们无法生存。此句是含without的含蓄虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，谓语用would＋动词原形。freezing冰冻的，严寒的；frozen冷冻的。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2017·泰兴中学高二检测)
TEACH DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN IN QUITO IN ECUADOR(厄瓜多尔)
Teach in nice and beautiful Ecuador! The government school we work with has about 200 pupils aged from 5 to 14 years old.The children come from many different economic backgrounds and family situations.Some of the children are supported by the upperclass employers of their parents; others cannot attend school every day as they sell something in the streets for parts of the week.
This school really needs volunteers and you’ll be greatly appreciated.You’ll work with disadvantaged children who will benefit greatly from your help! You will be able to teach English and many other subjects—IT，sports，music，art，drama，anything you have a good knowledge of! Please let us know if you have a special interest and we will do our best to tailormake(定制) your project!
SUMMARY FACTFILE
Price: From ￡775, excluding flights
Duration: From 2 weeks to 6 months subject to visa requirements
Start Dates: All year round—you choose your start and finish dates
Requirements: At least aged 17，no qualifications necessary，but you’ll have to be enthusiastic.You’ll need to know a little Spanish to do this project，but if you have no knowledge of Spanish at all，you can combine your project with 1week intensive(强化的) Spanish course in Quito before starting your project.
WHAT YOU’LL GAIN FROM DOING THIS PROJECT：
·An exciting，nevertobeforgotten adventure in the fascinating culture of Ecuador
·The great satisfaction of helping disadvantaged children and adults and knowing that you made a difference to them
·New skills，more confidence，a greater understanding of a different culture，invaluable personal and professional development
·An entry on your CV that makes you stand head and shoulders above others in the job market
·And best of all...an unforgettable experience!
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文，目的是召集在厄瓜多尔的首都基多支教的志愿者。作者介绍了对支教者的要求和支教的好处等。
11．Which of the following correctly describes the pupils in Quito?
A．They are all weak at learning.
B．They are all disabled children.
C．They are all from rich families.
D．They are all from poor families.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Some of the children are supported by the upperclass employers of their parents; others cannot attend school every day as they sell something in the streets for parts of the week.”可知，一些孩子是被其父母的雇主抚养的，还有一些不能每天去学校，因为他们要去街上卖东西，所以他们都是来自很穷的家庭。
12．A member to be admitted into the project should .
A．know English and Spanish well
B．have college certificates
C．be over 17 with enthusiasm
D．afford a holiday of one year
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Requirements部分第一句“At least aged 17，no qualifications necessary，but you’ll have to be enthusiastic.”可知，应聘对象的年龄须在17岁以上且要热情。
13．This passage is written with the purpose of .
A．providing information on the job market
B．telling the readers where to camp
C．calling in some voluntary teachers
D．introducing how to join a tailormade profession
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句“This school really needs volunteers and you’ll be greatly appreciated.”可知，本文的写作目的是召集支教志愿者。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2017·启东中学高二检测)
It’s no surprise that sports can greatly benefit a child physically，psychologically，and socially.A 2008 Women’s Sports Foundation Research Report concluded that children’
s athletic participation is also associated with increased levels of family satisfaction，great achievement in study，and an overall better quality of life for children.And a study published in last month’s American Journal of Preventive Medicine showed that kids who are active at age 5 wind up with less body fat at ages 8 and 11.
But one hotly debated discussion focuses on the kinds of sports kids should play，with parents mistakenly thinking，“Lizzie is so quiet，we should let her join in basketball and soccer to try to get her to open up.” But increasingly，experts are suggesting the healthier instinct (直觉) might be，“Lizzie is so quiet.Maybe we should see if she likes playing with a big team like softball or if she likes ballet or swimming，where she can work more on her own terms.”
“Participation in any sport is going to provide kids with life skills—the ability to focus and to concentrate，the ability to handle pressure in tough situations，the ability to stay calm when things aren’t going just right，” explains Orlandobased youth sports psychology expert Patrick Cohn.Those lessons will carry over into future，nonsports attempts.
Team sports certainly offer benefits not as easily obtained via individual activities，as players learn how to communicate and work with others，and there’s the potential to develop leadership abilities.Team sports also help kids develop their social identity.Our sense of worth is developed through what we achieve and a sense of belonging.
Individual sports offer unique advantages，too，like developing a child’s sense of independence.“Here，you don’t depend upon teammates，” says Cohn.“You take full responsibility，whether you do well or perform poorly.” Many of Cohn’s young clients complain about pressure from teammates or coaches to make zero mistakes or carry more of the team than they may want to；these kids may enjoy a solo sport like tennis or gymnastics.
Individual activities keep kids away from comparing themselves to the best players on the team，a habit that does little to help confidence levels.Instead，it encourages them to compare their skills to their own past performances.With individual sports like swimming or track，it’s easier for the child to participate on his own，at his leisure(闲暇)，without having to round up a bunch of likeminded peers.
Above all，while some children enjoy the excitement of competition，others are more likely to benefit from the freedom of individual sports，and finding the right balance can be necessary for children’s enjoyment.What parents think is encouragement，children often consider as pressure.So try to understand what they want from sports.
Team Sports and Individual Sports
Sports benefit children
·Sports can greatly benefit children physically，psychologically，and socially.
·Sports are associated with increased levels of family satisfaction,14.academic achievement and better quality of life for children.
15.Different ideas
·Parents usually want their children to take part in the team sports which don’t 16.fit/match their children’s character.
·Experts think that any sport will 17.enable/help children to focus，handle pressure，stay calm when things are going 18.wrong.
Team sports
·Children can learn how to communicate and work with others.
·Children will have the potential to develop leadership abilities.
· Children will develop their social 19.identity.
Individual sports
·Individual sports may help develop children’s sense of independence and 20.responsibility.
·Children tend to compare their skills to their own past performances and are likely to 21.avoid comparing themselves with the best players.
· Individual sports also seem to be more 22.available/accessible/beneficial to children.
Conclusions
·Finding the right balance is a 23.necessity/must for children’s enjoyment.
·Parents should try to understand what their children really want from sports.
Period Three Task
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有
2．mountainous adj.多山的
mountain n．山
3．means n．手段，方法
4．primitive adj.原始的
5．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得
6．heating n．供暖；供暖系统，暖气设备
heat v．加热
7．well n．井，水井
8．container n．容器；集装箱
contain v．容纳
9．troublesome adj.麻烦的；讨厌的，棘手的
trouble n．& v．麻烦
10．wage n．(通常指按周领的)工资
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．further and further越来越远
2．bring up养育，抚养；提出
3．afford to do...担负得起做……
4．break down 出故障；抛锚
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．现在分词短语作后置定语
One of the major problems facing the children living in this remote mountainous area is poverty.
住在这片偏远的山区的孩子们所面临的主要问题之一是贫困。
2．as引导原因状语从句
However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.
然而，如果水泵坏了，维修可能会很麻烦，因为工程师不得不从最近的城镇过来修理它。
3．不定式作后置定语
There is not enough money to pay the wages of more than one teacher in a village.
一个村子里没有足够的钱支付多名老师的工资。
重点词汇
1．possession n．(pl.)个人财产；拥有，具有
(1)be in possession of拥有……(主语为人)
be in the possession of (sb. )＝be in one’s possession(某物)被(某人)所拥有
come into one’s possession为某人所拥有
take possession of占有；拥有
(2)possess vt.拥有，占有
be possessed of具有；拥有
(1)He lost all his possessions in the fire.
他在火灾中失去了他的所有财产。
(2)They are in possession of a big orchard.
他们拥有一个大果园。
[单项填空]
(3)—How did you the old valuable house?
—It used to be my uncle.He left it to me in his will.
A．take possession of；in possession of
B．take the possession of；in the possession of
C．take possession of；in the possession of
D．take the possession of；in possession of
答案 C
解析 take possession of拥有，占有，为固定短语；第二空前的主语为物(it)，故应用in the possession of “被……所拥有”。
2．Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.
医疗是有限的，因为村子里没有医生和护士——没有人有办法付给他们钱。
means n．(单复数同形)手段，方法
by all means尽一切办法，务必；(表示答应)当然可以
by means of用……办法；借助……
by no means绝不，一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(1)—Do you mind if I have a look?
—By all means.
——我看一眼行吗？
——当然可以。
(2)We can express our feelings by means of words.
我们可以用语言表达我们的情感。
[易混辨析] means，method，manner，way
这几个词都含有“方法，方式”的意思。
means
单复数形式相同，多指抽象的或概括性的方法。当该词前加a，this，that，every等时，表单数意义；当前面加such，these，those，all，some等时，表复数意义。
method
是可数名词，其后接“of＋动名词”，不接不定式；特指系统的方法、方式。
manner
通常用单数形式，其后可以接“of＋动名词”。主要表示个人特殊的或怪异的方式，而不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式方法。
way
可数名词，使用范围很广，较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。其后可以接to do...，也可以接“of＋动名词”。
“用这种方式”可用以下短语表达：by this means，in this way，with this method，in this manner。
[选词填空] means，method，manner，way
(3)He always has his own way to do things.
(4)They will accomplish their new project by this means.
(5)They use modern methods of teaching.
(6)Why are you talking in such a strange manner?
[单项填空]
(7)By no means true that all English people know their own language well.
A．is that B．that is
C．is it D．it is
答案 C
解析 句意为：所有的英国人都通晓他们自己的语言，这绝不是真的。by no means绝不，表否定意义，位于句首时，句子用倒装结构；形式主语应用it，故选C。
3．However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.
然而，如果水泵坏了，维修可能会很麻烦，因为工程师不得不从最近的城镇过来修理它。
break down出故障，抛锚；(谈判等)失败；(健康状况)垮掉；分解；划成部分(以便分析)
break in破门而入；打断
break into破门而入
break out (战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发
break away from脱离……；打破陈规
break up关系破裂；破碎
(1)Plastic bags are difficult to break down.
塑料袋很难被分解。
(2)His house was broken into last night.
昨晚有人潜入了他家。
(3)After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被损坏。
[单项填空]
(4)The two countries are going to meet to some barriers to trade between them.
A．make up B．use up
C．turn down D．break down
答案 D
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：这两个国家打算会面来打破双方之间的一些贸易障碍。break down打破，使垮掉，符合句意。make up编造，弥补，组成；use up用尽，用光；turn down拒绝，调低(音量或热度)。
经典句式
However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.
然而，如果水泵坏了，维修可能会很麻烦，因为工程师不得不从最近的城镇过来修理它。
as在句中引导原因状语从句。as用作连词，还可引导时间状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句等。
注意：在引导让步状语从句时，as从句要用倒装结构；though引导的从句可用倒装也可不用倒装；although引导的从句不倒装。
(1)As you were out，I left a message for you.
因为你不在家，我给你留了纸条。
(2)As she grew older，she gained in confidence.
随着年龄的增长，她的自信心增强了。
(3)They did as I had asked.
他们是照着我要求的做的。
[单项填空]
(4)The girl may need some help she is new in this company.
A．before B．as
C．but D．while
答案 B
解析 句意为：这个女孩是公司里新来的，所以可能需要帮助。as
因为，引导原因状语从句。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The big fire destroyed nearly 250 acres of primitive(原始的) forests.
2．By this means，he learns English more effectively.
3．Switzerland is a mountainous(多山的) country，in which lie many international organizations.
4．The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.
5．Her wage is 300 dollars a week.
6．The economy has become a troublesome(棘手的) issue for the company.
Ⅱ.选词填空
7．He was brought up by his grandparents in the countryside.
8．They became homeless because of the unexpected natural disaster last year.
9．I can’t concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.
10．Alice overslept this morning.As a result，she was late for work.
11．Unfortunately，my car broke down on the way to the party.
Ⅲ.完成句子
12．The man sitting at the back(坐在后面的) is Mr Smith.
13．She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep(因为她睡着了)．
14．The two girls are of the same age(年龄一样大)．
15．We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng(向雷锋学习)．
16．You may borrow the book on condition that(条件是) you do not lend it to anyone else.
Ⅳ.单项填空
17．Statistics show that in the first quarter of the year the divorce rate is 14.6 percent.This means about 5,166 families in China every day.
A．break down B．break away
C．break out D．break up
答案 D
解析 根据上句推断应该是指“家庭的破裂、解体”。break up破裂，破碎，符合句意。break down出故障，身体垮了； break away摆脱，逃离； break out(战争，灾难的)爆发。
18．Have you heard of it？Firefighters rushed into a burning house，three of them unfortunately in and their lives.(2017·盐城东台高二检测)
A．caught；losing B．catching；lost
C．caught；lost D．catching；losing
答案 A
解析 句意为：你听说了吗？消防战士冲进燃烧的房子，其中的三个人不幸困住了，失去了生命。这里是独立主格结构。three of them 与catch是被动关系，故用过去分词；three of them与lose是主动关系，故用现在分词。
19．—Can I come and have a look at your new house?
—Yes， ！(2017·盐城田家炳中学高二检测)
A．with pleasure B．I like it
C．I quite agree D．by all means
答案 D
解析 句意为：——我能来看看你的新房子吗？——可以， ！既然答应了对方的请求，就应表示许可或欢迎之意。with pleasure别客气，不用谢；I like it我喜欢它；I quite agree我非常同意；by all means当然可以，好的。所以D项符合语境。
20．Twenty years ago，his father was very rich and was a farm.
A．in the possession of
B．in possession of
C．in the charge of
D．possessed
答案 B
解析 in the possession of，in the charge of主语通常是物，意思是“被……所拥有，由……负责”；in possession of 主语是人，意思是“拥有”；possess的逻辑主语是人，但空之前有was，如果用possess语法不正确。
21．From his looks，we can decide that he’d come across problems.
A．puzzling；troubled
B．puzzling；troubling
C．puzzled；troublesome
D．puzzled；troubled
答案 C
解析 句意为：从他那吃惊的表情我们断定他遇到了麻烦事。根据句意知选C项。
本单元讲建议信。建议信是针对某事向收信人提出建议和忠告的一种文体。建议信有可能是写给个人——就遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法，也可能是写给某个组织或机构——
就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建议信要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要和缓。
其基本结构为：
首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。
主体段：提出具体建议。同时用事实来证明建议的正确性和必要性。
尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，表达希望建议得以采纳，问题得以解决的愿望。
1．I’m sorry to know that you have some trouble/difficulty/problems in...after reading your letter.
2．I’m writing to persuade you to...
3．First of all，I think it would be better if...
4．Here I’d like to give my advice on.../I would like to suggest that...
5．If I were you，I would...
6．The reason why...is that...
7．Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
8．I am looking forward to your good news.
某国际购物中心拟建立“无烟超市”，从“本商场不出售香烟”入手，号召广大顾客在本商场购物期间不吸烟。但是来自美国的Smith经理又考虑到个人权利和自由问题，怕影响商场的经营。因此他想先征求大家的意见。假设你是李华，请你给该商场经理写一封150词左右的书信，表达自己的观点，并简单陈述理由。
写作步骤
Step One 审题谋篇
1．时态：本文以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，个别地方也可能用到现在完成时或现在进行时等。
2．人称：以第一、第二人称为主，少数句子中会用到第三人称。
3．目的：表达个人观点并陈述理由。
Step Two 联想词汇
1．国际购物中心an international shopping center
2．无烟超市Nonsmoking Supermarket
3．在我看来in my opinion/view
4．不但……而且……not only...but also...
5．对……有好处 do good to...
6．放弃give up
7．作为回报in return
8．另外in addition
9．总而言之all in all
10．正相反on the contrary
Step Three 句式升级
1．它能帮助吸烟者少吸烟，对别的顾客的健康也有好处。
It can help the smokers to smoke less and it can also do good to other customers’ health.
Not only can it help the smokers to smoke less，but it can also do good to other customers’ health.(not only...but also...)
2. 他们会很高兴听从你的建议，在这里不再考虑自己的权利和自由了。
They will be happy to follow your suggestions and they won’t consider their rights and freedom again there.
They will be happy to follow your suggestions，not considering their rights and freedom again there.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)
3．另外，在购物中心吸烟可能导致火灾，对于你的财产和顾客都是非常危险的。
In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire and it is very dangerous for both your possessions and the customers.
In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire，which is very dangerous for both your possessions and the customers.(非限制性定语从句)
Step Four 连句成篇
Dear Mr Smith，
I’m very glad to hear that your international shopping center will build a “Nonsmoking Supermarket”．In my opinion，it is a good idea to do so，for not only can it help the smokers to smoke less，but it can also do good to other customers’ health while they are doing some shopping there.Since you have given up some benefits by not selling cigarettes，the smokers are most likely to support you in return.They will be happy to follow your suggestions，not considering their rights and freedom again there.In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire，which is very dangerous for both your possessions and the customers.
All in all，the “Nonsmoking Supermarket” will not affect your business.On the contrary，it will help you to attract more customers who want to keep healthy.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Born into a family with three brothers，David was to value the sense of sharing.
A．brought up B．turned down
C．looked after D．held back
答案 A
解析 句意为：出生在一个有三个哥哥的家庭里，戴维被教导要重视分享意识。bring up养育，抚养，教育，教导；turn down拒绝，(把声音等)调低；look after照料，照看；hold back阻挡，妨碍，控制(感情)，隐瞒不讲。根据句意可知A项正确。
2．—Since you like this kind of cars so much，why don’t you buy one?
—I can’t that expensive car.
A．spare B．share
C．spend D．afford
答案 D
解析 spare抽出，匀出；share分享，共用；spend花费；afford付得起(钱)，抽得出(时间)。
3．At the meeting，they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.(2017·徐州第一中学高二检测)
A．approaches B．ways
C．means D．methods
答案 A
解析 句意为：会议上，他们讨论了三种不同的学习数学的方法。这几个词都有“方式，方法”的意思，但只有approach作名词“方式”时后面接介词to，即：approach to sth. /doing sth. ，故选A。
4．Because he had too much pressure at work，my uncle’s health finally .
A．broke up B．broke down
C．broke away D．broke out
答案 B
解析 break up打碎；break down垮掉；break away与……决裂；break out爆发。句意为：因为我叔叔的工作压力太大，他的身体最终垮掉了。故选B。
5．—Do you need any help，Lucy?
—Yes.The job is I could do myself.
A．less than B．more than
C．no more than D．not more than
答案 B
解析 less than少于；more than多于，超过；no more than仅仅，不超过；not more than至多，不多于。答句句意为：需要。这项工作超出了我力所能及的范围。more than后接带有情态动词的从句时，指“(某事)超出了……的范围”，符合题意。
6．He lost his backpack，which a lot of things， an expensive camera.
A．contained；contained B．included；included
C．contained；including D．included；containing
答案 C
解析 contain包含，表示包含之物的全部或部分；include包括，指整体中包括个体或部分，故选C。
7．—Does the young tall man standing there the company?
—No.The company is his father.
A．have possession of；in the possession of
B．in possession of；in the possession of
C．take possession of；in possession of
D．have possession of；in possession of
答案 A
解析 have/take possession of...拥有……；in possession of拥有，占有，介词短语，以人作主语；in the possession of...为……所有，介词短语，以物作主语，故选A项。
8．—Coach，can I continue with the meeting?
—Sorry，you can’t you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.
A．until B．before
C．as D．unless
答案 C
解析 句意为：——教练，我能继续比赛吗？——对不起，你不能，因为你的膝盖伤还没痊愈。根据题意可知，四个选项中只有as能引导原因状语从句。故选C。
9．Ray failed his College English Test Band 6 again， the harder，he the test now.(2017·盐城东台高二检测)
A．If he worked；would pass
B．Did he work；would have passed
C．Should he work；would have passed
D．Had he worked；would pass
答案 D
解析 本题考查虚拟语气。句意为：Ray又一次在英语六级考试中失败了，要是他更努力一点，他现在就会通过考试的。从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反，故选D项。
10．—Hey，Linda.Happy New Year！ ？
—OK，I guess.My grandma kept cooking and cooking，so I just kept eating.
A．How was your break
B．How is your grandma
C．What did you do in your holiday
D．Where did you go for your holiday
答案 A
解析 句意为：——嘿，琳达。新年快乐！节日休假过得怎么样？——我认为不错。我奶奶一直在做饭，所以我就一直吃。How was your break？你的假期怎么样？How is your grandma？你奶奶好吗？What did you do in your holiday？你假期干什么了？Where did you go for your holiday？你去哪儿度假了？根据Happy New Year！和答语OK，I guess.可知，是问节日假期过得怎么样，故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2017·广东阳江阳东区高二检测)
Last weekend，my kids along with a few other kids from the neighborhood volunteered to help me wash my car.My 10yearold daughter came up with the idea of 11 other people’s cars as well.It was pretty 12 outside and I had no plans to 13 to be in the bright sun.She 14 wanted to give lemonade(柠檬汽水)to passersby for free.I had seen little kids 15 and sell fresh lemonade for a small cost but not free.Although I felt 16 ，I decided to help her. 17 she asked me，“What if we 18 this a smile car wash？” I couldn’t hold back my tears and 19 her and the other kids to go outside the house and come up with 20 ideas.While I kept myself busy in drying the car，they walked up to me with a(n) 21 with beautiful images of smiles.They had “Free Car Wash” written on it and the 22 of their exercise was “smile”．It was pretty neat to see a team of kids ranging 5－11 years with the 23 to do something for others.
All that seemed 24 and came right from their heart.Nothing seemed to 25 to them: their playtime，the heat outside—they just wanted to 26 others and do something nice in the community!
I helped them make some fresh lemonade and brought out some additional 27 to help clean cars.Passersby were 28 and one even shouted back to them saying，“God Bless You，my kids...” One of them even tried giving them 5 dollars，which they refused.A pretty heartwarming 29 ！I feel blessed by being 30 by such wonderful and loving souls.
语篇解读 文章讲的是我10岁的女儿带着一帮5至11岁的孩子在路边免费给路人洗车和提供柠檬汽水从而赢得路人的称赞。
11．A.decorating B．repairing
C．washing D．drying
答案 C
解析 根据上一句的后半部分以及as well可知，作者的女儿想出了清洗别人车辆的主意。
12．A.dirty B．hot
C．different D．quiet
答案 B
解析 根据本句后面的“in the bright sun”可知，外面非常炎热。
13．A.practice B．avoid
C．continue D．suggest
答案 C
解析 由于天气炎热，作者不打算继续在阳光下劳动。
14．A.hardly B．therefore
C．already D．further
答案 D
解析 上文提到作者的女儿想给别人洗车，此处又提到她想免费给路人提供柠檬汽水。
15．A.serve B．enjoy
C．buy D．choose
答案 A
解析 根据本句后半部分内容可知，作者见到过一些孩子靠卖柠檬汽水赚取少量费用。
16．A.difficult B．popular
C．confused D．worried
答案 C
解析 可是自己的女儿却打算免费地帮助别人，所以作者没有想到自己的女儿会有这样的想法，感到困惑不解。
17．A.Luckily B．Simply
C．Then D．Finally
答案 C
解析 根据上下文内容可知，此处用then表示“接着”。
18．A.order B．leave
C．make D．show
答案 C
解析 她想让这一切给别人带去微笑。
19．A.encouraged B．expected
C．invited D．challenged
答案 A
解析 由前半句内容可知作者很感动，所以鼓励女儿和其他孩子们那样做。
20．A.familiar B．ready
C．changed D．creative
答案 D
解析 根据句中“come up with”可知，作者想让孩子们在屋外想出有创造性的主意。
21．A.board B．picture
C．idea D．car
答案 A
解析 根据上文提到“他们是想给别人清洗车辆并免费提供柠檬汽水”以及下一句中“They had ‘Free Car Wash’ written on it”可知答案。
22．A.purpose B．trouble
C．secret D．theme
答案 D
解析 他们行动的主题是“微笑”。
23．A.need B．duty
C．imagination D．skill
答案 B
解析 这群孩子把帮助别人看作是他们的责任。
24．A.important B．disappointing
C．hopeful D．natural
答案 D
解析 后半句提到这是发自他们内心的想法，由此可知，一切看起来应该是十分自然的。
25．A.matter B．object
C．belong D．refer
答案 A
解析 由于他们是真心实意地想帮助别人，即使是牺牲了玩耍时间，而且外面非常炎热，对他们来说也没有关系。
26．A.relax B．try
C．help D．smile
答案 C
解析 上文提到他们的愿望是给别人带去快乐，因此他们只是想帮帮别人，为社区做贡献。
27．A.friends B．rags
C．children D．fruit
答案 B
解析 根据本句后面的“to help clean cars”可知，作者又拿出一些碎布用来擦车。
28．A.interested B．amazed
C．bored D．frightened
答案 B
解析 过路人简直不敢相信会有如此善良的孩子，所以惊奇不已。
29．A.scene B．gift
C．story D．explanation
答案 A
解析 作者目睹了所发生的一切，认为这种场面感人肺腑。
30．A.supported B．understood
C．refused D．surrounded
答案 D
解析 作者身边有这些善良的孩子们，让作者感到幸福。
Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是约翰，你的朋友玛丽因为缺乏运动而生病。请给她写一封建议信，劝说她康复以后多参加体育活动，每天锻炼一个小时，以增强身体素质。
注意：词数150左右。
参考范文
Dear Mary，
I am sorry to hear that you have been ill for days and hope you have got better now.You have studied so hard that you have had no time for exercise.This is harmful to your health.You have been in poor health these years.I feel it would be more beneficial to your health if you could take more exercise in future.
Do not think that time spent on exercise is wasted.Exercise can improve your physical constitution and refresh your mind.Only when you have a strong body can you keep on studying without feeling fatigue.
I am not advising you to devote all your time to exercise.What I want to say is that exercise is as useful and important as your study.I hope you can take at least one hour’s exercise every day after you have recovered.I would be more than happy to see you have a stronger body.
Sincerely yours，
John
Period Four Project
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．commitment n．承诺，保证；奉献，投入；不得不做的事
2．colleague n．同事
3．assistant n．助理，助手；adj.助理的，副的
assist v．帮助；援助
4．vacant adj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的
5．muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的
mud n．泥土
6．shelter n．住所；藏身之处
7．crowd n．人群；vi.& vt.挤满，使拥挤，塞满
crowded adj.拥挤的
8．staff n．全体员工
9．barrier n．障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
10．interpreter n．口译译员，口译工作者
interpret v．口译；解释
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．in chaos处于混乱状态
2．flee to 逃向
3．get hold of 得到；抓住
4．remind somebody of 让某人想起……，提醒某人……
5．be limited to 局限于，仅限于
6．think back to 回想
7．make a difference有作用(关系、影响)
Ⅲ.重点句式
1．不定式作结果状语
Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.
来到这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
2．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Instead of sand blowing everywhere，there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.
这里没有随处飞扬的沙尘，但到处都是泥浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1．The author arrived at the island to find everything was .
A．in order B．in chaos
C．in danger D．in good condition
答案 B
2．While in Sudan，the author and the other members of the medical team had a campaign in .
A．cities B．villages
C．schools D．hospitals
答案 B
3．How do they communicate with the local people when helping them?
A．By speaking the local people’s language.
B．By singing or dancing.
C．By speaking English or French or using acting skills.
D．Just by body language.
答案 C
Ⅱ.课文阅读填空
My 1.job
A nurse working for Doctors without Borders，an international organization providing free medical services around the world.
Working places
Kenya & Sudan
An island
2.Problems the local people face
Famine is the biggest problem.There was lots of fighting and 3.blowing sand.
·The hospital，which 4.fails to be used at the moment，is badly damaged and in a mess.
·It is difficult to go around with mud and water everywhere.
·People who need to take medicines regularly have no 5.access to them.
·Cuts and wounds take a long time to get better and bacteria spread easily due to the water.
·There is a 6.lack of shelter，food and clean water.
Our jobs
Setting up centres to ensure people got food；checking the health of babies to ensure they were 7.gaining weight；giving vaccinations to stop children dying from diseases.
To set up a temporary clinic to take care of injuries；to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading；to listen to and 8.comfort the local people.
Dangers we face
·There was a lot of fighting，with bullets flying everywhere.
·We are likely to be 9.attacked by the local people for food.
Feelings about my job
·I feel lucky to be able to help others and do something 10.worthwhile.
·I like my job and feel happy and proud to help people on an individual level.
Ⅲ.课文阅读简答
1．Why did Doctors without Borders’ nurse go to the island?
Because of the flood.
2．Write down the major problems happening in the flooded areas.
Lack of medication，shelter，and food.
3．How does the nurse communicate with those who can’t speak English or French?
Through body language.
4．In what ways does Doctors without Borders’ nurse help people?
By being a nurse and being a person listening to and comforting others.
重点词汇
1．Changing the world—my commitment
改变世界——我的义务
(1)commitment n．承诺，保证；承担义务；献身
make a commitment to do sth. 答应做某事
(2)commit v．犯(错误、罪行)；承诺，保证
commit a crime犯罪
commit suicide自杀
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 答应(做)某事
(1)One hundred percent commitment to your studies will leave precious marks on your youth.
百分百的致力于你的学习会在你的少年时期留下珍贵的印记。
(2)If you commit a crime，you can never escape being punished.
如果你犯了罪，你永远不会逃脱受惩罚。
(3)Sorry，I’ve already committed myself to working for Smith.
对不起，我已答应为史密斯工作了。
[单项填空]
(4)When we were at school，we made a to work together in the future，but he broke his promise later.
A．commitment B．contribution
C．presentation D．consequence
答案 A
解析 句意为：当我们在学校时，我们承诺将来一起工作。但后来他却没有遵守诺言。commitment承诺；contribution贡献；presentation报告；consequence 结果。
2．Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.
到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。
in chaos处于混乱状态
bring chaos to...使……一片狼藉
cause chaos导致混乱
(1)Both the techniques bring chaos to the existing system.这两种技术都会导致现有系统的混
乱。
(2)The new road construction has caused total chaos in the city.
新道路的建设使得整个城市一片混乱。
[单项填空]
(3)What a shame！The playground was after the sports meeting.(2017·盐城射阳中学高二检测)
A．in ruins B．in place
C．in chaos D．in charge
答案 C
解析 句意为：真丢人！运动会后，操场一片狼藉。in ruins成为废墟；in place在适当的位置；in chaos处于混乱状态；in charge负责，主管。故选C项。
3．Yesterday my colleagues on the medical team and I (two doctors，one nurse—me—and two assistants)found a vacant health centre on the north side of the town.
昨天医疗队里我的同事和我(两名是医生，我是护士，还有两名助手)在这个乡镇的北部发现一个无人用的医疗中心。
vacant adj.空着的，无人用的；职位空缺的；茫然的
a vacant seat空座
a vacant expression茫然的神情
(1)The post of chairman has been vacant for some time.
主席之位已经空缺一段时间了。
(2)He stared into space with a vacant expression.
他茫然地凝视着天空。
[单项填空]
(3)The landlady had a few rooms to rent for the students.
A．empty B．blank
C．vacant D．hollow
答案 C
解析 empty里面未放东西的；blank空白的；vacant未被占用的；hollow中空的。根据句意可知C项正确。
4．One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.
有关健康的难题之一是：那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的灾难后无法得到药品。
get/catch/take hold of 抓住，握住
keep hold of 握紧
have a hold over...对……有影响
(1)She tried to keep hold of the child’s hand.
她尽力握紧那个孩子的手。
[单项填空]
(2)As a grassroots singer，she reads everything she can concerning music，and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A．catch sight of B．get hold of
C．take charge of D．make mention of
答案 B
解析 句意为：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能够找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，并且抓住一切机会提高自己。get hold of找到，得到，抓住，符合句意。catch sight of看见；take charge of负责；make mention of提到。
5．Meanwhile，in the rest of the city，shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.
与此同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所、食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。
shelter n.住所，藏身之处；庇护，避难之处；v.庇护，躲避
take/seek shelter from躲避……
under the shelter of在……的庇护下,give shelter to庇护
shelter...from...保护……免于……
(1)I took/sought shelter under a bus shelter from the rain last night.
昨晚我在公交候车亭躲雨。
(2)Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd was gathered for a brunch.
在帐篷的庇护下，一群人聚在一起吃早午餐。
[单项填空]
(3)Some parents are just too protective.They want to their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.
A．spot B．dismiss
C．shelter D．distinguish
答案 C
解析 dismiss sb. from sth. 解雇某人，开除某人；shelter sb. from sth. 保护某人免受……；distinguish...from...把……与……区别开来；spot看见，发现，不与from连用。句意为：有
的父母保护性太强了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受任何形式的危险的伤害，不管这种危险是真实存在的还是想象的。由句意知选C项。
6．It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员受到了攻击。
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that...提醒某人……
(1)The picture reminded me of my school days.
这张照片使我想起了我的学生时代。
(2)She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.她提醒我还没有浇花。
[单项填空]
(3)The forgetful manager is often to attend some meetings by his secretary.
A．demanded B．reminded
C．required D．hoped
答案 B
解析 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事，此处用其被动形式。
7．When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining Doctors without Borders，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.回想起我加入“无国界医生组织”以来在世界各地的所有经历，我觉得自己非常幸运，能够帮助别人，做一些有价值的事情。
think back to回想
think of考虑；想出；想象
think highly/well of高度评价
think little/badly of认为不好
think up想出，编造出
(1)Can you think of a good way to make friends?
你能想出一个交友的好办法吗？
(2)Most of us think highly/well of him.
我们大多数人对他高度评价。
(3)She was trying to think up an excuse.
她在努力编出一个借口。
[单项填空]
(4)Seeing this，he his childhood yesterday.
A．thinks back B．thinks back to
C．thought back to D．thought up
答案 C
解析 think back to回想起。根据yesterday可知答案为C。
8．I know I can’t change the whole world，but I’m proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to people’s lives.我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能在各处帮忙，改变人们的生活。
make a difference (to sb./sth.)(对……)有作用(关系、影响)
make no/little/much/some difference (to sb./sth.)(对……)没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响
make all the difference (to sb./sth.)(对……)关系重大，大不相同
tell the difference between A and B说出A和B的不同
(1)One false step will make a great difference.
(谚)失之毫厘，谬以千里。
(2)It makes no difference to me whether he comes here or not.
他来不来这儿对我没有影响。
[单项填空]
(3)The boy is old enough to the difference right and wrong.
A．speak；from B．tell；between
C．say；of D．judge；from
答案 B
解析 句意为：这个男孩已经长大了，能够辨别是非了。tell the difference between...and...说出……和……的不同。
经典句式
Instead of sand blowing everywhere，there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.
这里没有随处飞扬的沙尘，但到处都是泥浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。
(1)making it difficult to travel为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语＋to do”的形式，即make的复合结构；it是形式宾语，后边的不定式短语是真正的宾语。
(2)英语中有些动词，如：find，feel，think，make等后面可跟复合结构，在这种复合结构中，真正的宾语可以是不定式或that从句等，而it作形式宾语。
(1)He made it a rule to check his homework carefully before handing it in.
他每次总是把家庭作业仔细检查一遍才上交。
(2)I think it important to learn English well.
我觉得学好英语是很重要的。
(3)Do you think it necessary that they should send more people over there?
你认为他们有必要再派一些人去那儿吗？
[单项填空]
(4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A．that B．this
C．it D．her
答案 C
解析 考查代词。根据句意和句子结构可知从句“她想为自己创造新生活”是make的真正宾语。故空格处应填入形式宾语it。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He gave the stranger shelter(住所) as long as he could.
2．To me，the first thing is to overcome the language barrier，or it will be difficult to live here.
3．The town is in chaos after the battle.
4．He was offered the position of headmaster when it fell vacant.
5．Our company has a commitment(保证) to quality and customer service.
6．The damp(潮湿的) air makes my old bones hurt.
7．A large crowd(人群) was waiting at the bus stop.
8．Her assistant(助手) was accused of theft and fraud by the police.
Ⅱ.选词填空
9．When I think back to my days in the remote village，I feel warm.
10．The photos often remind him of the golden years of his life.
11．It makes a difference to me what you will say about my performance.
12．Where can I get hold of some stamps?
13．Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.
Ⅲ.完成句子
14．他认为帮助别人是他的职责。
He thinks it his duty to help others.
15．他匆忙地赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。
He hurried to the airport，only to be told that the film star had left.
16．不要错过这个可以实现你的梦想的机会。
Don’t miss the chance to realize your dream.
17．提醒我在出去之前给我妈妈打电话。
Remind me to phone my mother before I go out.
18．正如预料的那样，她再次缺席。
She has been absent again，as is expected.
Ⅳ.单项填空
19．There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2015·山东，31)
A．as B．that
C．when D．where
答案 A
解析 本句是as引导的非限制性定语从句，代指前面整个句子，在从句中作主语。as is often the case事实往往如此。
20．—The house price is decreasing，but I still feel like renting one.
—OK！That house is still and you can try to call up.
A．convenient B．vacant
C．free D．handy
答案 B
解析 答句句意为：好的！那座房子仍然空着，你可以打电话试一试。vacant空的，未被占用的；convenient方便的，便利的；free自由的；handy手边的。
21．Your desk is crowded too many unnecessary things.You have to remove some of them.
A．at B．in
C．on D．with
答案 D
解析 句意为：你的桌子上放满了太多不必要的东西，你得移走一些。be crowded with挤满了……，固定短语。
22．Donald Trump，the newly elected US president，made a to the nation that he would strive to lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.(2017·徐州高二检测)
A．contribution B．commitment
C．devotion D．donation
答案 B
解析 句意为：特朗普，新选的美国总统，对国民做出承诺，就职后他一定尽力减税并提高医疗水平。make a commitment to 对……做出承诺，故选B项。
23． not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.
A．Being reminded B．To remind
C．Having reminded D．Reminded
答案 D
解析 句意为：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。remind和其逻辑主语some drivers是动宾关系，也就是说，司机是被提醒的。故选D项。
Ⅴ.微写作
写作素材(关于贫困问题)
1．现在，许多人依旧生活贫困。
2．他们缺衣少食。
3．幸运的是，政府正在想尽一切办法帮助他们，公众也向他们捐款。
4．另外，许多年轻人做志愿工作，到偏远地区教孩子们读书。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Nowadays many people still live in poverty and they lack food and clothes.Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them.In addition，many young people do some voluntary work to teach children in the remote areas.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．It is difficult to imagine his the decision without any consideration.
A．accept B．accepting
C．to accept D．accepted
答案 B
解析 句意为：很难想象他不经考虑就接受这个决定。imagine后接动词时，要用动词的ing形式。imagine sb. ’s doing sth. 想象某人做某事。
2．—Why don’t you try to do exercise to lose weight?
—I have tried everything but it has made little .(2017·盐城射阳中学高二检测)
A．use B．result
C．conclusion D．difference
答案 D
解析 make little difference意为“几乎不起作用”，符合语境。
3．Now that the banks are back on their feet，we expect extraordinary from them to
help rebuild the economy.(2017·南通中学高二检测)
A．commitment B．appointment
C．instrument D．requirement
答案 A
解析 commitment承诺；appointment预约；instrument仪器；requirement要求。句意为：既然银行在逐渐复原当中，我们期待得到来自他们特别的承诺——帮助重建经济。故选A。
4．Some people do some work without getting any money in return.These people are called volunteers.
A．valuable B．voluntary
C．vacant D．visible
答案 B
解析 句意为：有些人做一些无偿的工作，却不要任何回报。这些人被称为志愿者。valuable有价值的；voluntary自愿的，志愿的；vacant空虚的；visible明显的。根据句意可知选B。
5．Though the suspect refused to admit that he had stolen the precious diamond at first，he and admitted everything when he was shown the videotape.
A．broke off B．broke away
C．broke down D．broke into
答案 C
解析 句意为：尽管犯罪嫌疑人一开始拒绝承认偷了这颗贵重的钻石，但当他看到监控录像时他精神崩溃并承认了一切。break down(健康、精神)垮掉，符合句意。break off中止，中断；break away强行逃脱；break into闯入。
6．—I was reading The Romance of the Three Kingdoms yesterday，but I couldn’t understand it.
— .It is classical literature，so take your time to enjoy it.
A．Don’t fly off the handle
B．Don’t be over the moon
C．More haste，less speed
D．You got me there
答案 C
解析 Don’t fly off the handle别冲动，别生气；Don’t be over the moon不要太高兴；More haste，less speed欲速则不达；You got me there你把我难住了。由语境“我一直在读《三国演义》，但是却没读懂”，及空后的回答“这是古典文学，所以你要慢慢欣赏”可知，此处选C最合适。
7．I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means with my progress.
A．the teacher is not satisfied
B．is the teacher not satisfied
C．the teacher is satisfied
D．is the teacher satisfied
答案 D
解析 by no means意为“绝不”，放在句首，句子应该使用部分倒装。因为by no means表示否定含义，后面不能再接not，故答案为D。
8．The children went happily to the park，only that most of the scenic spots were being repaired and couldn’t be visited.
A．to find B．found
C．finding D．to be found
答案 A
解析 句意为：孩子们高高兴兴地去了公园，结果却发现大部分的景点正在被维修而不能参观。不定式短语only to find作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果。
9．Usually there is a speed of 30km/h in towns or villages.
A．level B．standard
C．limit D．degree
答案 C
解析 句意为：通常在城镇或乡村的时速限制为每小时30公里。a speed limit时速限制，符合题意。
10．The pictures us of the days we spent in Beijing.
A．remember；that B．warn；when
C．remind；when D．remind；that
答案 D
解析 句意为：这些照片使我们记起了我们一起在北京度过的日子。第一个空考查固定短语：remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；第二个空考查定语从句引导词，先行词是days，从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that，故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2017·启东中学高二检测)
More than four decades ago British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab.Since that groundbreaking moment，more than four million babies have been born through IVF and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine.
The prize for Dr.Edwards，who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008，
includes a ￡900,000 check.The Nobel Assembly described IVF as a “milestone in modern medicine”．
With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe，the Manchesterborn physiologist developed IVF—leading to the birth of the world’s first test tube baby.Dr.Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility treatment and given hope to millions of couples.
It was a scientific breakthrough that transformed the lives of millions of couples.They said，“His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility，a disease which makes human unable to have a baby.This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.”
Louise Brown，the world’s first test tube baby，made international headlines when she was born in Oldham，Gtr Manchester，in 1978 to parents Lesley and John who had been fruitlessly trying for a baby since 1969.
IVF—in vitro fertilization—is the process whereby egg cells are fertilized outside the body before being implanted in the womb.After a cycle of IVF，the probability of a couple with infertility problems having a baby is one in five—the same as healthy couples who conceive naturally.
Professor Edwards，who has five daughters and 11 grandchildren，began his research at Cambridge University in 1963，after receiving his PhD in 1955.He once said，“The most important thing in life is having a child.Nothing is more special than a child.” With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe，Prof.Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridge shire，which now treats more than 900 women a year.Each year，more than 30,000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11,000 babies are born as a result of the treatment.
But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”．
Martin Johnson，professor of reproductive sciences at the University of Cambridge，said the award was “long overdue”．He said，“We couldn’t understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted—this is the cherry on the cake for him.”
Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”．
语篇解读 本文讲述了诺贝尔奖获得者英国科学家Robert Edwards，他的主要贡献是试管婴儿。人们对他的评价褒贬不一。
11．What is Robert Edwards’ contribution to science?
A．Enabling millions of couples to live a better life.
B．Helping couples with infertility to have tube babies.
C．Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing.
D．Challenging a disease which stops human having a baby.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，他对世界的贡献在于使得不孕夫妇通过试管婴儿拥有了自己的孩子。故选B。
12. Why did Professor Edwards begin his research on tube baby?
A．Because a special child did make a difference to an ordinary family.
B．Because the birthrate around the world was unexpectedly low then.
C．Because he thought it of great significance to have a child in life.
D．Because his fellow scientist wanted to give hope to the unlucky couples.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第七段第一、二句可知，他认为孩子在家庭生活中是非常重要的，于是开始研究试管婴儿，帮助不孕夫妇。故选C。
13. It can be inferred from Paragraph 8 and Paragraph 9 that .
A．Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough
B．different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards’ finding
C．some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded
D．the prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。第八段中，有些科学家对此提出了批评；第九段中，也有科学家高度赞扬了他，由此可知，人们对他的评价褒贬不一。故选B。
14. What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Life Stories of Robert Edwards
B．Preparations for Having a Baby
C．Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards
D．Treatment of Infertility in a Lab
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。本文讲述了诺贝尔奖获得者英国科学家Robert Edwards，他的主要贡献是试管婴儿。人们对他的评价褒贬不一。故C项作标题最恰当。
Ⅲ.任务型阅读
(2018·南京师范大学、连云港华杰实验学校高二检测)
In tech，many people agree speed and agility(敏捷) are how you win when it comes to product.But what they fail to grasp is that speed matters to the rest of the business too.What are the two building blocks of speed?
MAKING DECISIONS
The process of making and remaking decisions wastes a large amount of time at companies.The key point: when a decision is made is much more important than what decision is made.Deciding on when a decision will be made from the start is a powerful change that will speed everything up.
Note that speed doesn’t require one leader to make all the calls topdown.The art of good decisionmaking requires that you gather input and viewpoints from your team，and then push toward a final decision in a way that makes it clear that all voices were heard.
Estimating comfort on your team is a helpful measure of whether you’re going fast enough.You know you’re going fast enough if there’s a lowlevel discomfort，people feeling tired out.But if too fast，you’ll see it on their faces，and that’s important to spot too.
CONDUCTING DECISIONS
As General George Patton said，“A good plan violently conducted now is better than a perfect plan next week.”
1．Challenge the due date.
Some plans and action items come out of meetings without being assigned due dates.It’s not that everything needs to be done now，but for items on your important path，it’s always useful to challenge the due date.
2．Recognize and remove dependencies.
A big part of this is making sure people aren’t waiting on one another to take next steps.The untrained mind fails to do continuous activities—i.e.I’ll do this after you do that after X，Y，Z happens.Just as it is as equally important as assigning a deadline，you need to pick out any dependencies around an action item.
3．Use competition the right way.
Talking about your competition is a good way to add urgency.But you have to be careful.As a leader，your role is to determine whether your team is going fast because they’re panicked，or if they don’t seem to be doubtful enough.Based on the answer，competition is a helpful tool.
Speed is a defining characteristic—if not the defining characteristic—of the leader in actually every industry you look at.All else being equal，the fastest company in any market will win.
Topic：Speed is of 15.importance/significance to product developments and the rest of the business.
Making decisions
To avoid 16.wasting time making and remaking decisions and speed up，decide on when a decision will be made in the very 17.beginning.
Gather input and viewpoints from your team and have the final 18.say/voice in decisionmaking.
Estimate comfort on your team from their facial expressions to measure 19.whether you’re going fast or not.
20.Conducting decisions
As for some plans and action items without due dates,21.assign/set a deadline when necessary.
22.Equally/Similarly important，remove dependencies and encourage people to work side by side instead of waiting on one another.
Use 23.competition(s) properly and add some urgency to your team.
24.Conclusion/Summary：All else being equal，the fastest company in any market will win.
A组(前缀)
port n．→export n．出口产品；出口；vt.& vi.出口
B组(后缀)
describe v．→description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明
politics n．→political adj.政治的；政府的
add v．→addition n．增加；添加
starve v．→starvation n．挨饿；饿死；饥饿
possess v．→possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有
mountain n．→mountainous adj.多山的
heat v．& n．→heating n．供暖；供暖系统
trouble n．→troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的
commit vt.→commitment n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献
mud n．→muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的
interpret v．→interpreter n．口译工作者，口译译员
C组(转化)
lack n．& v．缺乏
equal adj.平等的；同等的；n.同等的人；相等物；vt.与……相同或相等
alternative adj.可供替代的；n.可供选择的事物
well n．井，水井；adj.(身体)好的；健康的；adv.好；顺利地
shelter v．遮蔽；保护；庇护；n.住所，藏身之处
crowd v．挤满，塞满，使拥挤；n.人群
A组(同义词)
sufferer n．↔victim n.
obtain v．↔acquire v.
method n．↔means n.
salary n．↔wage n.
mess n．↔chaos n.
workmate n．↔colleague n.
empty adj.↔vacant adj.
B组(形近词)
require v．需要；要求↔acquire v．购得；获得
angel n．天使↔angle n．角度
1．背诵经典 The interpreter does some voluntary work at a local school.
规范默写
2．背诵经典 One of my former colleagues set up a company and it expanded into a large enterprise in a short time.
规范默写
3．背诵经典 The supply of food and shelters is urgent in the remote mountainous area because the victims in the storm are suffering from starvation.
规范默写
4．背诵经典 When the post finally fell vacant，he offered it to his assistant.
规范默写
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