2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案设计（28页word解析版） 28页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案设计 ‎　　　　　‎ ‎【课前基础知识回顾】‎ 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．patent n．　　　　　　　 专利证书；专利权 ‎2．courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 ‎3．walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木 ‎4．powder n. 粉末；火药 ‎5．perfume n. 香水；香味　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎6．version n．　　　　 　　 版本；译本 ‎7．extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 ‎8．triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体 ‎9．criterion n．(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度 ‎10．string n. 线；绳子；一串 ‎11．glue n. 胶；胶水 vt. 粘贴；粘合　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎12．greengrocer n．　　　　 蔬菜水果商 ‎(pl.) 蔬菜水果店 ‎13．refrigerator n. 冰箱 ‎14．jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 ‎15．microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 ‎16．multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的 ‎ n. 倍数　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎17．dynamic adj.　　　　 充满活力的；精力充沛的；‎ ‎ 动态的；发展变化的 ‎18．personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 ‎19．helicopter n. 直升飞机 ‎20．cube n. 立方体；立方 ‎21．cubic adj. 立方的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎1．distinguish vi.&vt.　 　 显示……的差别；‎ ‎ 使……有所不同；辨别 ‎2．merciful_ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的 ‎3．product n. 产品 ‎4．abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的 ‎5．abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎6．convenient adj.　　 　　 便利的；方便的；就近的 ‎7．caution n. 小心；谨慎 ‎8．expectation n. 预料；期待；期望 ‎9．passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 ‎10．merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎11．merrily adv.　　　 高兴地；愉快地 ‎12．seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎13．recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 ‎14．claim n．& vt. 要求；声称；主张 ‎15．file n. 文件；档案；文件夹 vt. 提交；将……归档　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎16．competence n．　 　 能力；胜任；本领 ‎17．valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 ‎18．ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的 ‎19．freezing adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 ‎20．identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第九屏听写]‎ ‎21．dial vt.　　　　　　 拨(电话)‎ ‎22．rainfall_ n. 降雨 ‎23．innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的 ‎24．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎25．forehead n. 额头 ‎26．occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十屏听写]‎ ‎27．tap vt.&vi.　　　　 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头 ‎28．current n. (水或气)流；电流 adj. 现在的；当前的 ‎29．stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ‎30．invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的 ‎31．associate vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十一屏听写]‎ ‎32．practical_ adj.　　 　 实际的；实践的；实用的 ‎33．directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 ‎34．dive_into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎35．set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做)‎ ‎36．call_up 给……打电话 ‎37．now_and_then 偶尔；有时 ‎38．set_about 开始；着手　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第十二屏听写]‎ ‎39．hang_on_　　　　　　 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎40．out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎41．get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；‎ ‎ (设法)做完；通过 ‎42．ring_back 回复电话 ‎43．ring_off_ 挂断电话　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识 记 单 词 写 对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)‎ ‎1.patent n．　　专利证书；专利权 ‎2.courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井 ‎3.perfume n. 香水；香味 ‎4.cube n. 立方体；立方 ‎5.cubic adj. 立方的 ‎6.string n. 线；绳子；一串 ‎7.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店 ‎8.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 ‎9.microphone n. 麦克风；话筒 ‎10.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的 ‎11.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员 ‎12.multiple adj.　　　多种的；多样的；多类型的 n. 倍数 ‎13.extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)‎ ‎1.forehead n. 额头 ‎2.valid adj. 有效的；确凿的 ‎3.ripe adj. 成熟的；熟的 ‎4.passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的 ‎5.invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的 ‎6.directory n. 电话簿；商行名录 ‎7.rainfall n. 降雨 核 心 单 词 练 通 ‎1.I seized (抓住) the opportunity to practise my spoken English.‎ ‎2.You need special software to view the information in the_file(s) (文件)．‎ ‎3.Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.‎ ‎4.The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside.‎ ‎5.We believe that only a stable (稳定的) and fully confident ‎ middle class will guarantee the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong.‎ ‎6.The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (当前的) affairs.‎ ‎7.I dialed (拨打) 120 and waited there until she was taken to hospital.‎ ‎8.Twentyfive percent of the students claimed (声称) that it is the family genes that are to blame.‎ ‎9.The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.‎ ‎10.You could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高兴地) out in the street.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别→distinguished adj.著名的；卓越的；杰出的 ‎2.merciful adj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的→mercy n．宽恕；仁慈 ‎3.product n．产品→produce v．生产→producer n．生产者；制片人 ‎4.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently adv.便利地 ‎5.caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.Children are innocent,_as a future teacher I have a childlike_innocence and I will really love them. (innocent)‎ ‎2.He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)‎ ‎3.You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is ‎ ‎.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地 ‎6.expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为 ‎7.recognition n．认出；认可；承认→recognize vt.认出；识别；承认 ‎8.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的 ‎9.identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明→identity n．身份；同一性→identical adj.同一的；完全相同的→identify v．确定；鉴别 ‎10.innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的→innocence n．天真；清白 ‎11.occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地→occasional adj.偶然的→occasion n．时机；机会；场合 ‎12.associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．联系；联盟；协会 ‎13.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practice n．实践；练习 v．练习；训练 ‎14.competence n．能力；胜任；本领 conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient)‎ ‎4.In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any association between them. (associate)‎ ‎5.He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn’t like.(mercy) ‎ ‎6.The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out. (expect)‎ ‎7.It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze)‎ ‎8.This is my occasional_visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion)‎ ‎→competent adj.能胜任的；称职的；有能力的 ‎9.Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.后缀ive形容词集锦 ‎①active　主动的 ‎②passive 被动的 ‎③positive 积极的 ‎④negative 消极的 ‎⑤subjective 主观的 ‎⑥objective 客观的 ‎2.表示“抓住”的相关动词一览 ‎①seize　抓住；捉住 ‎②catch 抓住；接住 ‎③grasp 抓住；掌握 ‎④clutch 抓住；紧握 ‎⑤capture 抓住；俘获 ‎⑥grapple 抓住；格斗 ‎3.含fore前缀的单词面面观 ‎①forehead n．额头 ‎②forearm n. 前臂 ‎③forecast vt. 预报 ‎④foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎⑤foreword n. 前言 ‎⑥foretell v. 预言；预示 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 ‎1.call_up　给……‎ ‎　 Xiao Ming always dreams of 第一组 打电话；使想起 ‎2.now_and_then 偶尔；有时 ‎3.dive_into 一心投入；迅速把手伸入 ‎4.ring_off 挂断电话 ‎5.hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎ inventing a new mobile phone that doesn’t do harm to people’s eyes. He ①dives_into his dreaming inventions after school every day. ②Now_and_then he ③calls_up his science teacher to consult some questions. His teacher never ④rings_off until Xiao Ming gets a satisfying answer.‎ 第二组 ‎1.set_about　开始；着手 ‎2.set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)‎ ‎3.out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎4.get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；‎ ‎(设法)做完；通过；度过 ‎5.ring_back 回复电话 Last year, Xiao Ming ①set_about designing his new mobile phone after he figured out all the puzzling problems. He did ②get_through a lot of pains during his work. To his pain, the phone he is using now is often ③out_of_order,_especially when he ④rings others back. How he hopes to invent his new phone earlier！‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“v.＋into”短语荟萃 ‎①dive into　　一心投入 ‎2.“偶尔；有时”词汇全接触 ‎①now and then　偶尔；有时 ‎3.“动词＋back”短语一览 ‎①take back　拿回；撤销 ‎②burst into 突然闯入 ‎③run into 撞上 ‎④look into 调查 ‎⑤knock into 撞上 ‎⑥break into 破门而入 ‎②now and again 有时；时而 ‎③from time to time 有时；偶尔 ‎④at times 偶尔；有时 ‎⑤once in a while 偶尔；有时 ‎⑥on occasion 偶尔；有时 ‎②bring back 带回；使恢复 ‎③look back 回顾 ‎④date back 追溯到 ‎⑤keep back 隐瞒；忍住 ‎⑥hold back 控制住 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. ‎ 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。‎ ‎“连词＋过去分词”省略结构。‎ 一旦曝光，胶卷就会被损坏而不能用了。‎ Once_exposed_to_light,_the film will be damaged and get useless.‎ ‎2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. ‎ ‎(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。‎ so ...that ...引导结果状语从句。‎ 他的发明如此实用以至于很快就获得了专利。‎ His invention was so_practical ‎_that he soon got a patent.‎ ‎3.Follow it up, explore all 好好学习，天天向上。‎ ‎ around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. ‎ 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。‎ 祈使句＋and＋陈述句。‎ Study_hard_and_you_will_make_progress_ every day.‎ ‎【课堂核心考点突破】‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 To be a true inventor Can you distinguish discovery and invention? A discovery is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind ________❶ invention is something one finds that did not exist before.As we know, inventors often associate their new ideas ________❷ their new inventions.Come on, and you can also invent your new things just like Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison❸.‎ ‎1.①处可填入的词为while，表示前后对比，意为“而”。‎ ‎2．②处可填入的词为with;_它与associate 构成的短语可以用connect ... with ...; link ...to ...等来替换。‎ ‎3．③处的句式结构为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。‎ ‎1．distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎ ‎(1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for ... 因……而出名 be distinguished as ... 作为……而出名 ‎[题点全练]　单句语法填空 ‎①It’s important to distinguish reality from dreams.‎ ‎②Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.‎ ‎③As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as_a great volleyball coach in the world.‎ ‎④On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a wellknown and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions.‎ ‎⑤We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished for his scientific achievements.‎ ‎2．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴，伙伴 ‎ ‎(1)associate ...with ...　 使……与……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系 be associated with 与……有关 ‎(2)association n. 联系；联盟；协会 in association with 与……联合/有关联 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.‎ ‎②There are many serious health problems which are associated (associate) with smoking.‎ 补全句子 ‎③We are working in_association_with a local company to raise money for the homeless.‎ 我们正与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。‎ ‎3．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式 Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。 ‎ ‎(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句 ‎(2)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句 ‎(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句 ‎①Follow_your_doctor’s_advice,_and you will get better soon.‎ 接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。‎ ‎②Don’t leave your bike here, or_you_will_be_fined.‎ 不要把你的自行车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。‎ ‎③A_few_minutes_earlier,_and I could have seen the famous scientist.‎ 要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 To be a true inventor If you can’t bear❶ the inconvenience that something brings to you, you can get yourself through the difficulties and invent something more convenient. More importantly, don’t forget to call the patent office up before you apply for the patent. A patent is an exclusive right granted by the government and can protect the inventor’s interests. In this sense, you are a true inventor.‎ ‎1.①处单词bear的意思是“忍受”，它的同义表达还有：stand;_tolerate;_put_up_with等。‎ ‎2．What should you do first if you invent something？(　D　)‎ A．Bear the inconvenience brought by the old things.‎ B．Get yourself through the difficulties.‎ C．Invent something more convenient.‎ D．Apply to the patent office for the patent.‎ ‎4．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实 ‎ ‎[练牢基点]　写出下列句中bear的含义 ‎①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担 ‎②He can’t bear being laughed at in public.忍受 ‎③She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育 ‎④Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实 ‎[系统考点]‎ ‎(1)bear doing/to do sth.　　　　　　忍受做某事 bear sb./sb.’s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事 bear/keep in mind that ... 记住……‎ ‎[练通重点]　单句语法填空 ‎⑤I can’t bear young people casting_(cast) away their youth.‎ ‎⑥Please bear in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.‎ ‎5．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽 ‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中get through的含义 ‎①My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning. 设法做完 ‎②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 打通电话 ‎③Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through. 通过 ‎④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ get (sth.) across (to sb.)　 (使某事)被(某人)理解 get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展 get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over 熬过；克服(困难)‎ ‎⑤According to Lee, it was Ben’s carelessness that a ccounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrong doing.‎ 根据Lee所说的，正是Ben的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，Ben侥幸逃脱了罪责。‎ ‎6．call up给……打电话；使想起 ‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎❶call off　　　　　　　　　 取消；停止进行 ‎❷call for 要求；呼吁；需要 ‎❸call at 拜访(某地)‎ ‎❹call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 ‎[应用领悟]‎ ‎①The photo calls up the story of my childhood. ‎ 这张照片使我想起童年时代。‎ ‎②Don’t let anything call off your attention from your studies. ‎ 不要让别的事转移你学习的注意力。‎ ‎③Success in school calls for much hard work.‎ 在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。‎ ‎【课后综合知识运用】‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) between right and wrong.‎ ‎2．Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.‎ ‎3．We all have an expectation_(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.‎ ‎4．If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful_(mercy) towards others.‎ ‎5．We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient_(convenience) for you.‎ ‎6．The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.‎ ‎7．The exhibition was organized by the school in association (associate) with local artists.‎ ‎8．The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket.‎ ‎9．The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen (freeze) river every Sunday afternoon in winter.‎ ‎10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up ‎1．I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. ‎ ‎2．When I asked if I was speaking to the manager he simply rang_off.‎ ‎3．A lot of people dived_into the lake in search of the lost diamond ring.‎ ‎4．As soon as she got into the classroom, she set_about_preparing for the lessons.‎ ‎5．We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through ‎ your exam.‎ ‎6．I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out.‎ ‎7．The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.‎ ‎8．As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood.‎ Ⅲ.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子 ‎1．课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。(祈使句＋or＋陈述句)‎ Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_can’t_catch what he is saying.‎ ‎2．白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人永远地记住了。(so ...that ...)‎ Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers’_lives_that_he_was_remembered_by Chinese forever.‎ ‎3. 除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连词＋分词)‎ Unless_changed,_this law will make life difficult for farmers.‎ ‎4．这个世界上对他来说似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seem ...)‎ There_seems_to_be_nothing_that_seems_impossible_for_him_in_the_world.‎ ‎5．只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的一些问题。(only位于句首的倒装句)‎ Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_be_able_to_solve/can_we_solve some existing problems in the world.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换 ‎1．We all know that Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.‎ ‎→We all know that Hangzhou is_distinguished_for the West Lake.‎ ‎2．But when he set out to do it, he came to a sudden awareness that nothing is so easy.‎ ‎→But when he set_about_doing_it,_he came to a sudden awareness that nothing is so easy.‎ ‎3．Please learn by heart: Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.‎ ‎→Please bear_in_mind:_Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.‎ ‎4．The sound of music reminded him of his happy memories of his childhood.‎ ‎→The sound of music called_up his happy memories of his childhood.‎ ‎[高考拆组训练]‎ 练(一)　语言运用组块专练——练准度 ‎(限时：25分钟)‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 Resealable (可密封的) plastic bags — sometimes called by a brand name, such as Ziploc® — are those little clear plastic bags you use to keep your sandwiches and chips fresh. They usually have some sort of sealing mechanism, like a plastic zipper, which allows you to seal the bag to keep __1__ out.‎ Keeping air away from __2__ allows them to ‎ stay fresh longer. Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time if allowed to come into __4__ with them. Sealed plastic bags keep these organisms __5__ getting to your food.‎ Resealable plastic bags can be used for more than just __6__ sandwiches, chips and snacks to school for lunch. They’re also used to keep leftovers __7__ in the refrigerator. Many people also use them to __8__ food in the freezer for use in the future.‎ The __9__ of the resealable plastic bag started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc. Flexigrip __10__ a plastic zipper from patents which was bought from __11__ Borge Madsen. These zippers were __12__ used as parts of binders and briefcases.‎ Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed. Eventually, in 1968, Dow Chemical Company __14__ to market its Ziploc® brand of resealable plastic bags to grocery stores. They turned out to be very __15__.‎ Today, these types of bags are __16__ in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags. You can also buy bags with expandable bottoms that __17__ on their own. Some bags even allow you to __18__ food in the microwave!‎ However, now many people try to use __19__ plastic because of its effect on the environment. So manufacturers of resealable plastic bags have taken __20__ to become more environmentally friendly.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了可密封塑料袋的用途及发展史。同时指出，为了减少污染，这种塑料袋的生产厂家也采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。‎ ‎1．A.air　　　　　　　　　 　B．water C．dust D．fog 解析：选A　由第二段开头的“Keeping air away”可知，‎ 此处指把空气阻挡在外面。‎ ‎2．A.plants B．containers C．bags D．foods 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Bacteria and other organisms in the air will __3__ food items over time”可知，此处指让空气和食物隔离，以便食物保鲜的时间长些，故选foods。‎ ‎3．A.bring in B．take out C．break down D．deal with 解析：选C　空气中细菌和其他微生物会分解食物导致食物变质。break down意为“分解”。‎ ‎4．A.relation B．contact C．connection D．contract 解析：选B　如果细菌和其他微生物与食物接触，食物将会很快变质。contact意为“接触”；relation意为“关系”；connection意为“连接”；contract意为“合同”。‎ ‎5．A.from B．against C．through D．beyond 解析：选A　keep ... from ...为固定搭配，意为“阻止……”。‎ ‎6．A.following B．presenting C．supplying D．transporting 解析：选D　下文中的“to school for lunch”说明，此处指携带食物到学校。‎ ‎7．A.wet B．fresh C．thin D．hard 解析：选B　根据句中的“in the refrigerator”‎ 及生活常识可知，它们也被用来保持剩余的食物新鲜。‎ ‎8．A.store B．cook C．share D．produce 解析：选A　本段主要介绍可密封塑料袋能用来保存食物，因此这里指储存食物。‎ ‎9．A.result B．humour C．history D．success 解析：选C　根据下文中的“started out in 1951 at a company named Flexigrip, Inc”可知，此处提到这种可密封塑料袋的历史。‎ ‎10．A.discovered B．developed C．spread D．approved 解析：选B　此处表示买了专利以后，研发了塑料拉链。‎ ‎11．A.writer B．teacher C．doctor D．inventor 解析：选D　句中patents说明，博尔格·马森是一位发明家。‎ ‎12．A.eventually B．frequently C．originally D．naturally 解析：选C　根据下文中的“Over time, __13__， plastic zipper bags were developed.”可知，此处谈的是塑料拉链袋的最初情况，故选originally。eventually意为“终于”。‎ ‎13．A.however B．besides C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：选A　最初，塑料拉链袋的用途很少，后来它得到了发展。此处表示转折。‎ ‎14．A.agreed B．began C．promised D．preferred 解析：选B　最后，陶氏化学公司开始将塑料拉链袋投入市场。‎ ‎15．A.necessary B．famous C．funny D．popular 解析：选D　文章介绍了这种塑料袋的发展。它也很受欢迎。‎ ‎16．A.precious B．expensive C．available D．fashionable 解析：选C　根据“in many different sizes and styles, from snack and sandwich bags to craft and freezer bags”可知，这些袋子有很多不同的尺寸和样式，在很多地方可以使用。‎ ‎17．A.move B．stand C．float D．remain 解析：选B　根据句中的“bags with expandable bottoms”可知，袋子底部可伸展，因此它能竖起来。‎ ‎18．A.heat B．taste C．find D．purchase 解析：选A　根据“in the microwave”可知，把食物放入微波炉中，为的是给食物加热。‎ ‎19．A.more B．smaller C．larger D．less 解析：选D　根据“because of its effect on the environment”可知，人们现在尽量少使用塑料袋。‎ ‎20．A.chances B．steps C．photos D．orders 解析：选B　他们已经采取措施以使他们的产品更加环保。take ‎ steps意为“采取措施”。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 Scientists have discovered that __1__ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, __4__ (comfort) temperatures, our body’s need for brown fat has decreased. They found that, “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__ (expose) to cold temperature have __6__ significant amount of brown fat when __7__ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.”‎ The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. __8__ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity (肥胖症). People who are obese have __9__ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said, “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added, “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”‎ ‎1．staying　本句是“主句＋宾语从句”结构，从句中could ‎ help是谓语部分，故stay是非谓语动词，作主语应用动名词形式表示状态。‎ ‎2．which　空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，用关系代词which指代前句话的内容。‎ ‎3．in　result in“导致，造成”。故填in。‎ ‎4．comfortable　此处是和constant并列作temperatures的定语，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎5．are exposed　expose是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被动形式。be exposed to “暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填are exposed。‎ ‎6．a　a significant amount of“大量的”。故填a。‎ ‎7．compared　此处是“连词＋分词”结构，compare和句子主语outdoor workers之间是被动关系，用过去分词，填compared。‎ ‎8．One　从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故填One。‎ ‎9．lower　修饰名词levels，用形容词，根据句中than可知此处用比较级，故填lower。‎ ‎10．possibly　修饰动词lose用副词形式，故填possibly。‎ 练(二)　第四部分写作增分专练——练规范 ‎(限时：40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.应用文写作 假如你校这个周末举行60 年校庆，校团委发出通知要招聘一批志愿者，要求如下：‎ ‎1．具有为校庆服务的热情，能为各方来宾做好服务工作；‎ ‎2．对学校历史比较了解，有较好的沟通能力，能作学校文化的传播者；‎ ‎3．汉语及英语标准，身体健康，周末每天工作8小时。‎ 假设你是李华，具备以上条件，请用英语写一封申请信。‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．信的格式已给出，不计入总词数。‎ ‎ 参考词汇：60年校庆　the 60th anniversary of our school Dear Sir or Madam，‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 参考范文：‎ Dear Sir or Madam，‎ With the coming of the 60th anniversary of our school, I’d like to be a volunteer.‎ I’ll try my best to serve our distinguished guests with enthusiasm. I have a good understanding of our school. I am sure I’ll not only offer good service to the guests, but I’ll also act as an excellent communicator of our school’s history and culture. What’s more, I can speak standard Chinese and English. I have no trouble working 8 hours a day this coming weekend. Last but not least, I will value the chance and do all I can if I am accepted.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua Ⅱ.概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ Every summer, hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure. Most of the opportunities are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. The pay is usually poor, but most people work abroad for the thrill of travel. You can pick grapes in France, work on a family campsite, and entertain kids on American summer camps, and of course, there are always jobs in hotels and restaurants.‎ But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work. “Unless you speak the language of the country well, there will be very few openings，” says Anthea Ellis, an adviser on vacation work for students. “If you work as a nanny with a family in Italy, then of course you’ll have to speak Italian. When you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris, the owner will expect you to speak French.”‎ Not everyone enjoys the experience. Sarah was an assistant responsible for a summer camp group of forty American children in Europe. One child lost his passport; another became seriously ill and was flown home; four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day; the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the noise they made. “I did visit a lot of new places，” she says, “but it wasn’t worth it. The pay was awful and it really was a 24houraday job. The kids never slept！”‎ ‎“The trouble is that students expect to have an easy time of it，” Anthea Ellis points out. “After all, they see it as a holiday. In practice, though, you have to work hard. At the same time, all vacation work is casual work. You’ll have a job when the hotel, the restaurant, or the campsite is busy and you have few employment rights. As soon as ‎ the holiday season finishes, they’ll get rid of you. If you don’t work hard, or if your employer doesn’t like you, you’ll get fired.”‎ 参考范文：‎ Many students seek vacation work abroad every summer for the excitement of travel and working in other countries. (要点1) However, language is sometimes a barrier when you seek jobs overseas. (要点2) Meanwhile, some students don’t think it worthwhile, like Sarah, who was very disappointed at her experience because of tiring heavy work and low pay. (要点3) Worse still, vacation work is informal and temporary, meaning that you can be easily out of work. (要点4)‎ ‎　‎