备战2021 中考英语 导练案 考点38 短文填空之自由填空 （学生版） 10页

考点 38 短文填空之自由填空 把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求 考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定 的阅读理解能力。 自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是 一篇短文挖空 8—10 个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强， 有时可能出现多种答案。 二、满分技巧 1. 解题步骤： （1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来； （2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式； （3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。 无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。 （1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。 （2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法； （3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词 and, but, or 等； （4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when 等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析 到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。 A 下文是是关于以良好习惯开始青少年生活的小贴士（tips)，请根据上下文，把短文填充完整，每空一词。 Tips for teenagers Step 1: Be active in class Giving a speech in class might be___71___, but it helps to make you feel more confident(自信）. It's OK___72___ you give the wrong answer. All smart students do and your classmates won't really care. Step 2: Getting enough rest People can't ___73___ well when they are tired. Make sure you get enough sleep and take study breaks. Step 3: Develop healthy habits Starting your young life ___74___good habits helps you have a healthy future. Do some exercise and eat healthy___75___. B Last Saturday, I went out to see a film after supper. On my ____36____ to the cinema, I met an Englishman. He looked puzzled (茫然的). So I walked up to him and said ____37____ to him. His first____38____ was Kevin. I asked if I could help him. He told me he got ____39____. He couldn’t find his way to the hotel. So I gave up____40____ the film and took him to his hotel. While going there, I told him the great changes that had taken place ____41____ my hometown in the past few years. Kevin told me ____42____ interesting about his country. Though I didn’t see____43____ film, I felt very happy. I had not only helped Kevin get out of trouble, ____44____ also practiced my spoken English. I also realized that if I had not worked ____45____ at English, I would not have been able to help Kevin. C Mozart is one of the greatest composers who ever lived. He was born in 1756. When Mozart was three years old. He learned to play ___54___ harpsichord, which is a kind of piano. Mozart began to compose his own music at the age of five, and his father took him all over Europe to perform for kings and queens when he was still a child. Mozart could write down a piece of music ___55___ if he had only heard it once. One day he went to hear a group of people singing in a big church in Rome. The song was very special. It was ___56___ only once a year and only in the church. No one else was allowed to have the music. Mozart listened to the song. Although it was very difficult and long, Mozart went back home and wrote down the ___57___ piece from memory. The head of the church heard about this, ___58___ of being angry with Mozart, he gave him a prize. When Mozart grew up, people were not as interested in him ___59___ before. He worked as a ___60___ and a pianist, he taught people how to play the harpsichord, but he did not make much money. In 1791, he died at the age of thirty-five. He was so poor that there was not enough money for him to have a proper grave. No one knows ___61___ he is buried. D As we all face the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒), protecting yourself is the same as protecting others. Here is some safety ___54___ for you from the World Health Organization (WHO) to help prevent the coronavinus. Stay away from crowds and wear masks The virus can spread from person to person. If you have to go to crowded places, remember to wear a mask. Keep at least one meter of distance between ___55___ and others, especially those who are coughing or sneezing. Why? The coronavirus can be spread through mucus droplets (粘液飞沫) and travel one to two meters in the air before falling to the ground. The droplets can be spread ___56___ by sneezing or coughing than by speaking. If you are too close, you can take in the virus. Wearing a mask can prevent droplets from reaching your face or mouth. Open the window to ventilate (通风) the room Keep proper indoor ventilation while you're at home. Open windows to let in fresh air during the day. It's best to do this three times a day for 15 minutes to half an hour each time. Why? According to the research, indoor air is often more polluted than outdoor air. The simple act of opening a window even in cold weather can reduce the pollution. Therefore, keep the window open, ___57___ you may catch the virus when it builds up to a certain amount. Keep up good habits Still, it's necessary for you to keep healthy habits such as eating a balanced and exercising often, as well as getting ___58___ sleep. Why? Doing these things can ___59___your immune system (免疫系统), making it less likely for you to catch the virus. Good habits are directly related to fewer illnesses and better health. Wash hands properly Remember to wash your hands before eating, after going to the bathroom, coming home, coming into contact with rubbish and touching animals. Avoid ___60___ your eyes, nose and mouth before washing your hands. Why? Your hands might touch surfaces that can be polluted by the virus. This is especially important when you open doors which have been used by quite a few people. Washing your hands often ___61___ soap and water for at least 20 seconds can stop the virus from entering your body. 54. ________ 55. ________ 56. ________ 57. ________ 58. ________ 59. ________ 60. ________ 61. ________ A（2020 •吉林省） (b) 根据短文内容，补全下面的语段，每空一词。 New Greeting Ways The novel coronavirus has made a big difference ___61___ our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the ___62___ people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Let's ___63___ at them. In France and Italy, people learn to use their ___64___ to greet people instead of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake ___65___ rather than shake hands. An official from the WHO gives us three suggestions: waving hands, Thai "wai" and bumping elbows. What do you think of these new greetings? B（2020 •吉林省） 某校计划举行一次文艺表演活动，负责人 Sandy 向全校同学发出邀请。请根据下面的海报，帮助 Jack 和 Alice 补全其回复的内容，每空一词。 Students Wanted for School Show Time: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. Friday, August 28th Place: In the school music hall Email: Sandy0717@qq. com Come and show us! Dear Sandy, I am happy to get the information about the school show on ___71___, August 28th. I want to ___72___ in it. I'm good at singing and I can play the guitar, ___73___. Could I get a chance please? Looking forward to your reply! Jack Dear Sandy, I'd like to take part in the school show in the music ___74___. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to ___75___ myself. Can I be a member? Please reply to me soon. Alice C（2020 •河南省） One day, I was reading my favorite magazine. My little girl 46． playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 47． keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces together and make 48． complete map again. But within several minutes, she was standing49． front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it so quickly and easily. She smiled and said." Oh, Dad,50． is a man's face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face completely." Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open. Word Bank trick 把戏 D（2020 •湖南省岳阳市） E）阅读填空 根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。 Road-side business has become a hot topic recently. Premier （总理）Li Keqiang once said that road-side business can reflect common people’s life lively. Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___41___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together. In the morning, they had to ___42___ up at 3 o’clock. First, they went to the farm near the city to buy different ___43___ of vegetables. To reduce （减少） the cost, they learn to bargain （讲价） with the farmers. Then they went back to the city as soon as ___44___ to take up a street stall（摊位）.At about 6：30 a.m. after putting vegetables in order and nicer ones on top, they began to_____45_____ vegetables. They peddled （吆喝）loudly and actively to attract customers. When the vegetables were not sold out, they gave them ____46____ to homeless people. Two days ____47____ , they earned （挣得） about 300 yuan. After this unusual experience, they shared their feelings with each _____48_____ . “We were tired, ____49____ we gained a lot. Compared with hanging out, such social practice makes us learn _____50_____ difficult it is to make money.” said Wang Wen, who came up with this idea. E（2020 •广东省） 五、短文填空 请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、 意义相符的单词。 Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is only ten years old, ____36____ she has big ideas of helping other kids. Jane took part in a winter camp ____37____ the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to ____38____ and toys to play with. After she returned home, she kept thinking about ____39____ to do to help those kids. One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise ____40____ to help their friends. Then she came up with an ____41____. With the help of her mother, Jane ____42____ up her first lemonade stand (摊档). In a week, it made $52. Although it was only a ____43____ money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saws smiles on ____44____ faces. After that, her mother helped her start a program called Jane’s Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised ____45____ than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids. F（2020 •重庆市 A 卷） 根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。 We all want to live the life we dream of. However, at times, some negative (消极的) ideas may stop us. Hope the following suggestions can help to ignore those___54___ and go ahead. Do What We Can Control One thing we can control is doing what we can—eating healthily, exercising, reading and getting enough sleep. Doing the right things can help___55___ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the___56___direction. However, we should also accept that there are many things we can't control. Take Calculated (预料到的) Risks Success doesn't come___57___risks. We all have to take risks in life, but try to make sure those risks are calculated. For example, you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up and ___58___ your own business. The thought is a start. But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan. This is such a big risk that it will probably make you___59___want to take a risk again. So just start with a small risk. Don't Be Afraid of Failure Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. However, he___60___many times. Did you know Edison created an electric pen? A ghost machine? Probably not. Well, that's because they were complete failures. But those failures put him one step___61___to success. Think of failures as milestones (里程碑) towards success. G（2020 •重庆市 B 卷） 根据下面短文内容, 在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词, 使短文完整、通顺。 It's normal for the human mind to wander(走神). So many things may fill your mind and pull your thoughts in different directions. This isn't always ___54___. Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation. However, wandering thoughts can also stop you ___55___ getting things done, keep you up at night, or hurt your health. Don't worry. Try the following practice. Doing Exercise and Activities Slow down and let your mind focus(专注) on your breathing. By controlling your breathing, you bring your ___56___ to work together with your body. Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it. Go for a walk, do some exercise, take a shower or even lie down and think about___57___. These activities help a lot. Focusing on Tasks You're Doing Do one task at a time, it won't slow you down. Instead, it keeps your mind focused and you’ll be able to get more done ___58___. While doing tasks, don't look around from time to time. If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan. ___59___ the time is up, refocus on your next task. Controlling Worrying Thoughts Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head. When there's a big task, it's understandable to put it off. But by ___60___ it bravely and trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts. If it doesn't work after you've tried everything, ___61___that there are always things you can't change. A（2020 •广东省珠海市第四中学中考一模） Bats like living in dark and wet places. There are all ___36___of viruses(病毒). Bats always live in groups, _____37_____the viruses can have larger "playgrounds" to grow and become more powerful. Bats are like humans in some way. Our similar genes (基因) make it easier for ___38___to become sick with the same viruses. When bats fly, their body temperature can reach as ____39____as 40 °C. Such temperature can kill weak viruses, but ______40______ones will be alive and continue to grow. Bats have special protection systems _____41_____allow them to live with viruses without getting sick. Since they can fly, bats can spread viruses farther and more easily than other animals. Although wild animals carry many diseases, it doesn't mean that we should consider them _____42_____human's enemies. Each kind of animal plays ___43___role in the ecosystem(生态系统) and all of them are important. The _____44_____we should learn from virus outbreaks(爆发) is to respect and ___45___animals and to live in peace with them, instead of hunting, killing, or eating them. Only in this way can we create a better world for our next generation. B（2020 •吉林省中考英语综合模拟英语试题（一）） 2020 年初新型冠状病毒肆虐，恐慌之中人们选择待在家中以防感染。中小学停课。学生们通过网络学 习。起初，家长们对此持反对的态度。后来，他们相信这种方式是有益于孩子们的学习的。学校和老师们 是否应该开放思想接受网络教育呢？阅读并完成下面短文，每空一词。 The novel coronavirus made the spring of 2020 very different. As the virus can easily______71______from one to another, the students in primary and junior high schools didn’t have to go to school. At the same time, online education has become popular among them. Students could learn on the Internet______72______of sitting in the classroom. At first, some parents were_____73_____online courses that would bring children myopia(近视)and some other influences, but after a few days of carefully watching, they believed online education would be ______74______for their children’s study. But many schools only regard online education______75______a second choice. In fact, schools and teachers should keep a more open mind to accept online education. C（2020 •广州省珠海市香洲区中考二模） How did Chinese people choose the 12 animals of the zodiac (生肖)? There are many stories____36____the Chinese zodiac. In one of the most____37____ stories, the Jade Emperor (玉皇大帝）wanted to pick 12 animals to keep his palace safe. He ordered all the animals to have a ____38____to run to the palace. The first 12 animals to_____39_____ at the palace were the winners. They then became part of our calendar. ____40____ , the real history behind the Chinese zodiac is much harder to find. Some say the zodiac came from animals_____41_____ were important in people’s lives at the time. Some of the animals were ones that people_____42_____at home, such as the chicken and the pig. Others were animals they loved such as the tiger and the monkey. Others say that ancient Chinese people chose the 12 animals according to animals’ habits. This is because people not___43___used the zodiac to stand for different years, but also used them to tell time. ____44____ animal stands for one shichen, or two hours. It is said that during each shichen, its corresponding ( 相 应 的 ) animal would be active. For example, the mouse stands for the period of time from 11 pm to 1 am_____45_____this is the time when mice would go out to look for food. Do you think our ancient Chinese are full of wisdom(智慧)? D（2020 •广东省清远市英德市中考二模） As people had to stay at their homes during the COVID-19 epidemic(新冠流行病), life was not easy, but they were ____36____ their best to make staying at home not as boring as it sounds. In one popular video, which got____37____ than 320 million views on Weibo, a man was seen shouting at night and he asked____38____ there was anyone out there. “People living around here, open your____39____,” he said. “Let’s start a shouting game. I am going crazy.” Later, another man replied: “All right. I also want____40____ talk to someone. Let’s open our windows and our hearts to talk.” There were also popular videos on the Internet showing people’s daily activities-getting____41____ at noon, taking____42____ walk in their living rooms, in their kitchens, bedrooms and then____43____ back to their living rooms. Some people tried to play badminton in their living rooms or ping-pong on their dinner____44____. Others posted their daily exercise results on Wechat, showing them walking less than one hundred ____45____ in a day.