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where
疑问副词,意为”哪里”,就地点进行提问,放在句首。
-Where are the books? They are on the desk.
I live in Beijing. → Where do you live?
pal
作名词,意为”好朋友,伙伴”,相当于friend,多用于口语中,有时用于构成合成词,表示在某方面关系密切的朋友.
Jim is our old pal. 吉姆是我的老朋友.
I want to have a pen pal. 我想有一个笔友.
from
介词, 构成词组 be from,意为”从…来,是….人,来自于…”,相当于come from,皆表示某人来自某一地方,后接地名,be from 与comefrom 构成的句子其否定句和疑问句形式不同
I am from America 我来自美国.
= I come from America.
He isn’t from China. 她不是中国人.
= He doesn’t come from China.
Is she from Australia? 她是澳大利亚人吗?
=Does she come from Australia?
(1) 表示时间,意为"自…,从…"
I stay here from my childhood. 我从孩提时代就住在这儿
(2) 表示场所,意为"从…"
Don't jump from the tree. 不要从树上跳下来
He fell from his bike. 他从自行车上摔下来
(3) 表示数量,顺序,意为"从…"
My daughter can count from one to one undred.
我女儿能从1数到100.
(4) 表示距离,意为"从…离开"
My school is 2 kilometers from my home.
我学校离我家2公里远
(5)表示出处,由来,意为"从…,自…,出自…. "
I got a letter from a friend in Sichuan.
我收到了来自四川朋友的一封信
(6)表材料,意为"由…(做成)"
Paper is made from wood. 纸是木头做的.
(7) from 可构成很多习惯用语:
from house to house 挨家挨户
from hand to hand 一手转一手
from head to foot 从头到脚
from morning to tonight 从早到晚
from beginning to end 自始至终
from now on 从现在起
from then on 从那时起
Canada
意为"加拿大",其首都为Ottawa(渥太华)
My friend is from Canada.
(1)形容词为Canadian.加拿大的,加拿大人的.
She is a Canadian girl. 她是个加拿大女孩.
(2) Canadian 作名词,意为"加拿大人",其复数形式为 Canadians.
We are Canadians. 我们是加拿大人.
the United States
意为"美国",可略写为 the US, 另一种写法为 自the United Sates of America, 略作 the USA, 或是 America.
My pen pal is from the United States. 我的笔友来自美国
= My pen pal is from the US.
=My pen pal is from the USA.
=My pen pal is from America.
the United States为专用名词,首字母必须大写.
the United Kingdom = the UK 英国
country
作名词,意为"国家,祖国",为可数名词,其复数为countries.与the 连用,表示"国民",也可表示"乡下,郊外,农村".
China is a large country. 中国是个大国.
The country like him very much. 全国人民都喜欢他.
-Where do you live? 你住在哪里?
-I live in the country. 我住在农村.
We students should serve our country.
我们学生应该为我们的祖国服务
a developing country 发展中国家
a developed country 发达国家
live
作不及物动词,意为"居住",不能直接跟地点名词,其后应跟表示地点的状语,当接表示地点的名词时,需加相应的介词.当接表示地点的副词时,其后则不加任何介词.
I live in Beijing and my mother lives in Shanghai.
我住在北京,我妈妈住在上海.
-Where do you live? 你住在哪里?
-I live here. 我住在这里.
live in … 住在…,后接表示"国家","城市"等大地方的名词.
live at… 住在….后接小地方.
live on… 以…为食
live to be… 活到…
live & stay
live 指长期居住, stay 为短期停留.
language
作名词,意为"语言".构成词组
the spoken language 口语
the written language 书面语
foreign language 外语
body language 肢体语言
Australia
国家名称,意为"澳大利亚",其形容词为Australian. 意为"澳大利亚(人)的",也可作名词,意为"澳大利亚人".
I'm from Australia. 我来自澳大利亚.
This is an Australian boy. 这是一个澳大利亚男孩.
world
作名词,意为"世界",构成词组.
all over the world = around the world 全世界
the world of today 今日世界
the World Bank 世界银行
in the world 在世界上
The world becomes smaller and smaller because of the Internet. 因为互联网,世界变得越来越小.
French
(1) 作名词,意为"法语",不可数名词,
构成词组 speak French.
-Can you speak French? 你会说法语吗?
-Yes, a little. 是的, 会一点.
(2) 作名词时,还可表示"法国人",常与the搭配, 是法国人的总称.
The French are said to have a sense of beauty.
据说法国人有欣赏美的感受力.
(3) 作形容词,意为"法国的,法国人的,法语的"
She is French. 她是法国人.
表示"一个法国人"要用a Frenchman/Frenchwoman.
He is a Frenchman. 他是一个法国人.
have/there be
(1) have 表示"某人拥有某物",或"某物归某人所有",其第三人称单数形式为has.
(2)there be 表示"某处有某人或某物",是一个倒装句,be后面的名词作主语,当主语是单数或不可数名词时用is,是复数时用are,这称为就近原则.
There is a book on the desk.在桌子上有一本书.
There are two pens in the pencil-box.
在铅笔盒里有两支钢笔
There is some milk in the glass. 在玻璃杯里有一些牛奶.
I have some apples and oranges. 我有一些苹果和橘子.
Tom has a bother. 汤姆有一个哥哥.
favorite
作名词,意为"最喜欢的人(物),特别喜欢的人(物)",
作形容词,意为"喜爱的,特别中意的",前面常用物主代词等限定词来修饰.
My favorite food is hamburgers.
我最喜欢的食物是汉堡包.
Math is my favorite subject. 数学是我最喜爱的科目.
Eggs are my favorite. 我最喜欢鸡蛋.
What's your/his/her favorite…? 意为"你最喜欢的…是什么?",表示"最喜欢"还可用like… best 来表示.
What's your favorite subject? 你最喜欢什么科目?
= What subject is your favorite?
= What subject do you like best?
My father's favorite fuit is oranges.
我父亲最喜欢的水果是桔子
= Oranges are my father's favorite.
= My father likes oranges best.
English
名词,意为"英语,英国人",当表示"英语"时,为不可数名词,常与speak连用,表示"英国人"时作可数名词,其单复数一样;作形容词,意为"英国(人)的,英语的",可作表语和定语.
I speak English very well. 我英语说得很好.
-What language can you speak? 你会说什么语言?
-I can speak English. 我会说英语.
My pen pal is English. 我的笔友是英国人.
My teacher can speak English. (就画线部分提问)
want
作动词,意为"想,想要",相当于would like,其后可接名词作宾语,可接不定式作宾语,也可接sb to do sth.
I want a new bike. 我想要一辆新自行车.
He wants to go to Beijing. 他想去北京.
My mother wants me to be a doctor.
我妈妈想让我成为一名医生.
(1)feel like 意为"想,想要",相当于want,但其后接名词或动名词作宾语,不可接动词不定式.
I feel like playing football. 我想踢足球
He feels like a new book. 他想要一本新书.
(2)think 意为"想,认为,思考",与want不同,后常接代词或从句作宾语.
I think he is a good student. 我认为他是一个好学生.
He thinks it difficult to learn English.
他认为学习英语很难.
interesting
作形容词,意为"有趣的,令人感兴趣的",在句中可作表语和定语.
The film is very interesting. 这部电影很有趣.
I have an interesting book. 我有一本有趣的书.
(1)interested意为"感兴趣的",常构成词组,be interested in,u意为"对…感兴趣",其主语多为人.而interesting的主语多为物.
I am interested in the film. 我对这部电影感兴趣.
The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣.
(2)有类似区别的还有exciting/excited, surprising/surprised
a little/little/a few/few
(1) a little 意为"一点儿",后接不可数名词,表示肯定.
(2) little 意为"几乎没有",后接不可数名词,表示否定.
(3) a few意为"一些",后接可数名词复数,表示肯定.
(4) few意为"几乎没有",后接可数名词复数,表示否定.
There's little coffee in the bottle. 瓶里几乎没有咖啡了.
She only eats a little ice cream every day.
她每天只吃一点点冰淇淋.
I have few friends. I'm new here.
我几乎没有朋友,我是新来的.
There are a few books in the bag.
在书包里有一些书.
like
(1) 作动词,意为"喜欢,爱好",无进行时态.
①like sb/sth 意为"喜欢某人或某物".
I like my mother. 我爱我妈妈.
My father likes eggs. 我父亲喜欢吃鸡蛋.
②like to do sth 意为"喜欢做某事",强调一次性的具体行为.
I like to swim this afternoon. 今天下午我想去游泳.
③like doing sth 意为"喜欢做某事",表示经常的,反复,习惯性的动作.
We all like playing football. 我们都喜欢踢足球.
④like sb to do sth 意为"喜欢某人做某事"
My father likes me to keep clean. 我父亲喜欢我保持干净(2)作介词,意为"像…",与be构成谓语.
The man is like my teacher. 那人像我的老师.
like love & enjoy
like是一般用语,语气弱,指对某人某事产生好感,意为"喜欢"
love意为"爱, 热爱",程度上比like深,多用于表示爱祖国,父母等.一般情况下可与like互换.
enjoy强调享受某种乐趣,指因某事某物而感到愉悦,后接名词,代词或动名词.
He likes English very much.他非常喜欢英语
I love my country. 我热爱我的国家
Come here and enjoy the big dinner. 过来享受丰盛晚餐
with
作介词,在不同的短语中有不同的意思.
(1) 表示"具有,带有"
He is a boy with long hair. 他是个留长发的男孩.
(2) 表示"使用某种工具或材料"
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔来写字.
(3) 表示"和…一起"
I often go to the movies with my friends.
我经常和朋友们一起去看电影.
(4) 表示"伴随着"
With these words, he left the room.
说着这些话,他离开了教室.
☆with 引导的介词短语所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式与被修饰的名词一致,类似的介词还有 but, like, together with等.
Our teacher with us goes to the park every week.
我们和我们的老师每周都去公园.
in school/in the school
两词都有"在学校"之意,但侧重点不同.
in school 强调"在学校学习"
in the school 强调"在学校里",不一定在学习,强调地方.
☆有类似区别用法的还有:
in hospital 住院 at table 就餐
in the hospital 在医院里 at the table 在桌子旁边
post
作名词,意为""邮件,邮递". 不可数名词.
I received a lot of post today. 今天我收到许多邮件.
(1) post office 邮局
(2) post 作动词,意为"邮递"
Did you post the letter? 你寄信了吗?
hotel
作名词,意为"酒店,旅馆",表示酒店等级多用class 或star
a first-class hotel 一流酒店
a five-star hotel 五星级酒店
bank
(1)作名词,意为"银行".
There is a bank near here. 在这附近有一家银行.
(2) 作名词,意为"河岸,堤岸"
There are many banana trees on both banks of the river.
在河的两岸有许多香蕉树.
street/way/avenue
(1) street意为"街,街道",多指市区内供车辆行人走的道路.
I like playing in the street. 我喜欢在街上玩.
(2) way意为"道路",具有广泛的意义,还可表示抽象意义的"路,路途,方法"等.
Let me tell you the way to my home.
让我来告诉你到我家的路.
(3) avenue多指两侧有树的道路,或用来指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道.
There is a library on Fifth Avenue.
pay
作动词,意为"付钱,支付",构成以下词组:
(1) pay sb 付钱给某人
You should pay him. 你应该付钱给他.
(2) pay money for sth 为某物付钱
He paid 2 yuan for the book. 买这本书他花了2元钱.
(3) pay sb money for sth 为某物付给某人钱
I paid him ten dollars for the coat.
买那件上衣我付给了他10美元
(4) pay money to sb for sth为某物付给某人钱
He pays 40 yuan to the teacher for English lessons every week. 他每周为英语课付给老师40元钱.
take /spend/ cost/ pay
(1) take 用于表示花时间金钱等,其主语是物,或用以下句型: It takes sb some time /money to do sth.意为"做某事花了某人多长时间或金钱".
It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.
骑自行车到学校花了我半小时的时间.
(2) spend的主语必须是人,构成句型:
spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth
spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth
My mother spent much time on newspaper.
Don't spend too much money buying toys.
(3) cost表示花费时间和金钱,其主语多为物或事.
The coat cost me ten dollars. 这件上衣花了我10美元.
(4) pay 指花费金钱,主语是人
My father paid two yuan for the book.
我父亲买那本书花了2元钱.
near
(1)作介词,意为"在…附近",与far from反义
My house is near my school. 我家离学校很近.
The book is near the pencil-box. 那本书在铅笔盒附近.
(2)作副词,意为"接近,亲近地,在近处"
My uncle lives quite near. 我叔叔住得很近.
center
center多指物体垢正中心,表示"中心,中央"
middle 指中间部,多指位置,不如center精确.
across/through/over
(1) across 作介词,意为"横过,在对面",表示从一定范围的一边到另一边,表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的.
Let's go across the bridge. 让我们一起过桥吧.
(2) through 表示从空间内通过,穿过,强调动作是在物体里面进行的.
He likes walking through the forest. 他喜欢穿越森林.
(3)over表示在空间范围上通过,越过或垂直在上,不和物体接触.
Look! The plane is flying over the city.
瞧,飞机在城市上空飞.
next to
介词短语,意为"在…旁边,邻近的"
I sit next to Jim. 我坐在吉姆旁边.
There is a library next to me. 在邮局旁边有一家图书馆.
(1)next 也可作介词,意为"紧靠…的旁边"
My friend Tom sits next to me.
我的朋友汤姆坐在我旁边.
(2)next 可作形容词,意为"下一个的,紧挨着的".也可作副词,意为下一步,其次".
Tom is singing in the next room.
汤姆在隔壁房间里唱歌.
I don't know what to do next. 我不知道下一步干什么.
(3)next可与week, month, year等词连到用,表示从现在算起的时间.
next year 明年
next month 下个月
next week 下周
(4)next 前加the,再与week, month, year等词连用,表示从过去时间点算起的时间.
the next week 第二周
the next year 第二年
the next month 第二个月
in front of
表示"在…的前面".即处在某人或某物外面的前边,of后常加名词或代词,表示地点.
There is a car in front of the bus.
在公共汽车的前面有一辆小汽车.
Who is in front of you? 谁在你前面?
(1)in front of 与before的区别用法:
a 二者在表示"在某位置前"时,可以通用.
Mary sits before/in front of me.
玛丽坐在我的前面.
There is a boy in front of/before the blackboard.
在黑板的前面有一个男孩.
b 当表示"在建筑物的前面"时,用in front of.
The library is in front of the post office.
图书馆在邮局的前面.
There is a hospital in front of my school.
我学校前面有一家医院.
c 当表示"在某段时间之前"时,用before, 不用in front of.
Don't forget to finish your homework before six o'clock.
别忘了在六点之前完成你的作业.
(2)in front of与in the front of的区别用法
in front of 强调一个物体在另一个物体外部的前面.
in the front 强调一个物体在另一个物体内部的前面.
There is a desk in the front of the classroom.
在教室前面有一张桌子.
There is a tree and a car in front of the house.
在房子前面有一棵树和一辆小汽车.
between…and…
介词短语,表示"在…和…之间",只限于两者之间,三者之间用介词among.
I sit betwwn Tom and Jim. 我坐在汤姆和吉姆之间.
There is a desk between the door and the window.
在门和窗户之间有一张桌子.
excuse me
意为"对不起,请原谅,打扰一下".用于日常生活中人们向对方提出请求,询问的情况,打扰别人等场合,多用于以下几种情况:
①向陌生人问路
Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
请问,你能告诉我邮局在哪吗?
②向别人询问情况时
Excuse me, Is this your book?
请问,这是你的书吗?
③客气地请求(允许)时
Excuse me. Can I ask you some questions?
对不起,我可以问你一些问题吗?
④突然有不雅的行为时.
Oh, Excuse me. 哦,对不起.
excuse me 和sorry的区别用法.
a excuse me 用于向对方提出请求,表达不同意见,询问探路或打扰道歉等情况,表示"劳驾,对不起,请问"
Excuse me. Where's the post office?
请问,邮局在哪里?
b sorry表示由于某种失误或不能为对方效劳而抱歉.意为"对不起,抱歉".
I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起我不能帮助你.
-Can you help me learn English?你能帮我学习英语吗?
-Sorry, I can't. I'm not good at it.
对不起,我不能. 我学得不好.
neighborhood
作名词,意为"附近,邻近,街坊,四邻".构成词组
in the heighborhood 意为"在附近"
in the neighborhood of 意为"在…附近"
We live in a quiet neighborhood.
我们住在很安静的地区
There is a supermarket in the neighborhood.
在附近有一家超市.
We live in the neighborhood of the park.
我们住在公园附近.
just
(1)用在祈使句句首,起强调作用,表示"就,尽管…好了"
Just stay here and have a rest.
Just walk along the street.
(2)作副词,意为"恰好,正好"
He is just in the next room. 他正好在隔壁房间里.
(3)作副词,表示"仅仅,只是"
I'm just a teacher. I can't help you.
straight
(1)作副词,意为"笔直"
Go straight along this street.沿着这条街一直向前走.
(2)作形容词,意为"直的"
The line is straight. 这条绳子很直.
It's a straight line. 这是条直线.
turn left
意为"向左拐",相当于turn to the left. turn right是其反义词组.其中right和left是副词.turn中动词,意为"翻转"
Turn right and go along the street.
向右拐沿着这条街走.
right/left还可作名词,意为"右边/左边".构成词组:
on the right/left 在右边/左边
on the right of 在…的右边/左边
There is a zoo on the right of the library.
在图书馆的左边有一个动物园.
down
(1)作介词,意为"沿着,沿"
It's down Bridge Street on the left.
沿着大桥街走,在左边.
(2)作副词,其反义词是up,表示方向.从城区往农村用down,从农村到城区用up,从市中心往城区用down,从城区往市中心用up.
Go up this road, and you'll see the city.
沿着这条路走,你会看到那个城市.
Thank you very much 非常感谢.
意为"非常感谢你".
表示感谢的用语有:
Thank you
Thank you very much
Thanks
Thanks a lot
Many thanks.
回答感谢的用语有:
That's all right
That's OK
Don't mention it
Not at all
You are welcome
house/family/home
(1)hous意为"房屋,住宅",指家人所居住的建筑.
(2)family意为"家庭,家庭成员".与居住的房子没有关系.
(3)home意为"家",指出生或居住的地方,可表示"家乡,故乡".具有一定的感情色彩.
I want to have a big house. 我想拥有一套大房子.
Look! Jim's family are watching TV.
看!吉姆一家人正在看电视.
Would you like to come to my home for supper?
你愿意来我家吃晚饭吗?
beginning
名词,意为"起初,开始,开端".可构成词组
at the beginning 起初
at the beginning of 在…开始时
fron the beginning 从一开始
from beginning to end 从头到尾
begin是其动词形式,意为"开始",同义词为start.
begin doing/to do sth 意为"开始做某事".
My father began to work two years ago.
我父亲两年之前开始工作的.
have fun
(1)动词词组,意为"玩得开心,过的愉快".相当于have a good time, enjoy oneself.
We had fun in the park last week.
上周我们在公园里玩得很高兴
= We enjoyed ourselves in the park last week.
= We had a good time in the park last week.
(2)have fun
have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很开心.
enjoy oneself
He had fun (in) playing footall. 他踢足球踢是很开心.
(3)have fun with…意为"在…中获得乐趣".
We have fun with English. 我们在英语中获得乐趣.
visit
(1)作及物动词,意为"访问,拜访,探望".后接表示人的名词或代词.
I want to visit my friend, Tom. 我想去看我的朋友汤姆.
He visited his grandparents yesterday.
他昨天看望了他的爷爷.
(2)还可表示"游览,参观",后接表示地点的名词.
I visit the Great Wall every year.
我每年者都去游览长城.
They are visiting Beijing. 他们正在参观北京.
(3)作名词,意为"访问,探望,参观".
This is my first visit to China. 这是我第一次来中国旅游.
We are on a visit to Beijing. 我们正在参观北京.
(4)visitor意为"参观者,旅游者,游客".
There are many visitors in this city.
在这个城市有很多游客.
busy
作形容词,意为"忙的,繁忙的".其反义词为free(自由的,有空的).可构成词组
be busy with sth = be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事.
I'm busy with my homework.我忙于做家庭作业.
= I'm busy in doing my homework.
arrive
不及物动词,意为"到达".可与介词at(后接小地方),in(后接大地方)连用.
They arrived in Beijing yesterday.他们昨天到达了北京.
When did you arrive at the station?
你什么时候到的车站?
(1)arrive为不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,需边介词at或in.reach也表示"到达",是及物动词,后面可以直接加地点名词作宾语. get to也表示"到达",多用于口语,其后要加地点名词.
arrived at
I reached the village last night.
got to
(2)当与here/ there/ home连用时,三词构成词组
arrive here/there/home
reach here/there/home 到达这里/那里/家
get to here/there/home
way
作名词,意为"路线,路途".构成词组
on the way to … 在通往…的路上
on one's way to… 在某人往…的路上
on one's way home 在某人回家的路上
pass
(1)用动词,意为"传递,传送",可构成句型
pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 意为"将某物传递给某人"
Can you pass me a cup of tea?
你能递给我一杯茶吗?
Jim, pass me the book. 吉姆,把那本书递给我.
(2)表示"经过,穿过",为不及物动词,可与副词或介词along/by/through等连用,也可用作及物动词.
We passed through the forest just now.我们刚穿过森林.
A car passed by.一辆小汽车刚开过去.
(3)表示"通过,(考试)及格".用作及物动词.
I can pass the exam. Don't worry.
我能考试及格,不要担心.
why
(1)疑问副词,意为"为什么",用来引导表原因的句子,表示"为什么…".回答时应用because.
-Why do you like English? 你为什么喜欢英语?
-Because it's interesting. 因为它有趣.
(2)why可构成句型Why don't you+原形动词?=Why not +原形动词? 意为"为什么不干某事?" 不用来表示原因,而是提出一种建议.此时不能用because回答.
Why don't you go to school on foot?
= Why not go to school on foot?
like
作动词,意为"喜欢,愿意,想要".
(1) like + 名词,"喜欢某人/某物"
I like apples. 我喜欢苹果.
She likes music a lot. 她很喜欢音乐.
(2) like doing sth 喜欢做某事,表示一种习惯性的动作.
I like playing football. 我喜欢踢足球.
My father likes swimming. 我父亲喜欢游泳.
(3) like to do sth 想做某事,表示一次性的动作.
I like to go to the movie today. 今天我想去看电影.
He doesn't like to swim this afternoon. doing sth.
她今天下不想去游泳.
I don't like playing basketball. But now I like to play it because I am very boring.
(4) would like to do sth 想做某事
I would like to help you. 我想帮助你.
Would you like to have a rest? 你想休息一会儿吗?
(5) would like to do sth 想让某人做某事
My mother would like me to drink milk every day.
我妈妈想让我每天都喝牛奶.
They would like us to stay here.
他们想让我们呆在这里.
like还可作介词,意为"像"
He is like his father. 他像他父亲.
My brother looks like my father. 我哥长得像我父亲.
first
(1) 序数词,意为"第一"
The forst lesson is very difficult. 第一课很难.
I'm the first to go to school. 我是第一个去上学的.
(2) 作形容词,意为"最初的,首先的",用来作定语.
The first thing is to finish our homework.
首先的事情是完成我们的作业.
(3) 作副词,意为"首先,最初",修饰动词或句子.
Let the girls come in first.
because
(1)从属连词,意为"因为",表示直接原因,用来回答why引导的疑问句.
-Why was he late for school?他上学为什么迟到了?
-Because he got up late.因为他起床晚了.
-Why did the girl go to school on foot today?
那个女孩今天为什么步行去上学?
-Because her bike was broken.因为他的自行车坏了.
(2)汉语里"因为…所以…",在英语中却不能把because 和so连用在一起,在句中只能用其中一个.
I can't help you because I'm too busy today.
He was ill, so he didn't go to school yesterday.
(3) because可构成词组because of,意为"因为,由于",后面接名词,名词词组或代词等.
I had to stop the work because of the rain.
The girl fell off her bike because of her brother.
because / since / as / for
四个词均表示原因,都是连词,其中because,since as为从属连词,引导原因状语从句,for为并列连词,一般不引导状语从句.四个词的语气由强至弱依次为because → since → as → for
(1)because意为"因为",表直接原因,回答why引导的原因状语,引导从句多用于主句之后.
(2)since意为"既然,由于",侧重主句,从句表示已知的理由.
(3)as 意为"由于,鉴于"主句说明结果,从句说明原因.
(4)for意为"因为,由于",表示附加或推断的理由.多用逗号隔开,一般不放在句首.
My father went to work on foot because his bike was broken. 我父亲步行上班因为他的自行车坏了.
As it is raining now,let's go home.
既然天在下雨我们现在回家吧
Since he is new here,he looks strange.
由于他是新来的他看上去很陌生
see
作动词意为"看见",强调看的结果. 还可表示"想一想,明白"之意
Can you see the book on the desk?
This is my book It isn't your book. Do you understand?
oh,I see.
look/see /watch
(1)look为不及物动词,后面接宾语时需加介词at,强调看的动作. look at = have a look at
Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板.
(2)see强调看的结果,多与情态动词can连用.
Can you see the map on the wall?
你能看见墙上的地图了吗?
(3)watch意为"观看,",表示注重某种动作.
Our classmates are watching the football match on the playground. 我们的同学们正在操场上观看足球比赛.
kind of
意为"有几分,有点儿",相当于副词,其后多接形容词,口语中常用.
The boy is kind of nervous.那个男孩有点紧张.
He is kind of angry. 他有点生气.
(1)kind作名词,意为"种类,类型,类别".可构成以下词组:
a kine of 一种
what kind of 何种
this kind of 这种
that kind of 那种
many kinds of 许多种类的
many different kinds of 各种各样的
all kinds of 各种各样的
(2)kind可作形容词,意为"和蔼的,亲切的"
We should be kind to others. 我们应该待人友善.
My teacher is kind to us. 我的老师对我们很好.
(3)句型 It's kind of you to do sth. 某人做某事真是太好了.
It's very knd of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了.
It's very kind of him to stay here.你留下来真是太好了.
south
(1)作名词,意为"南,南方,南部". 构成词组:
in the south of在…的南部
in the south 在南方
(2)作形容词,意为"南方的"
South China 华南
South America 南美洲
the South Pole 南极
方位词还有:
east(东方) west(西方) north(北方) south(南方)
southeast(东南方) southwest(西南方)
northeast(东北方) northwest(西北方)
相对应地,各主位词的形容词是在词尾加-ern.
north→northern south→southern
east→eastern west→western
ugly
(1)作形容词,意为"丑陋的,难看的".在句中作表语和定语,其反义词是beautiful.
She has an ugly face. 她有一张丑陋的脸.
The lion is ugly. 那头狮子很丑
(2)还表示"险恶的,脾气坏的,难缠的"
My father has an ugly temper. 我父亲脾气不好.
He is an ugly person. 他是一个难缠的家伙.
friendly
作形容词,意为"友好的".由名词friend加后缀-ly而成.
构成以下词组.
be friendly to sb. 对某人友好(指对别人的态度好,热情)
be friendly with sb. 和某人关系好(指两者的关系)
My teacher is friendly to us.
We are friendly with each other.
small
作形容词,意为"小的",侧重度量,面积,数量等,其反义词是large. 在句中作表语或定语.
I live in a small house. 我住在小房子里.
The cat is very small.
little也可表示"小",指具体的人,物,常带有赞赏,爱怜等感情色彩,其反义词为big或great.
The little boy is very cute.
I have a little brother.
clever/cute
clever多用来表示人或动物的脑子灵活,理解事物很快.
cute多用来形容动物,多指某种东西因小巧玲珑而可爱.
He is a clever student.
My sis ter is very cute.
The pandas are very cute.
animal
作名词,意为"动物".
-What animals do you like?
-Dogs.
tiger koala giraffe lion
panda dolphin elephant penguin
duck fish cat bird
other
(1)作形容词,意为"其他的,另外的",用来修饰名词,当修饰可数名词单数形式时,必须与no,any,some等词连用.
Can you see any other animal?
Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
(2)作代词,常用形式有:
the other 或others指代特指的另一个或其他的.
I have two pens. One is long, the oter is short.
We should help others.
too/either/also
(1) too作副词,意为"也",一般位于句尾,其前常用逗号,如果用于句中,则too的前后通常都加逗号.too也可表示"太,过分",用来修饰形容词或副词.
I like English. He likes English, too.
(2)also多用于实义动词之前,系动词,助动词,情态动词之后,一般用于句子.如果在否定词中,also要位于否定词之前,而不能位于否定词之后.
My father is a worker. My mother is also a worker.
He can do the work. I also can do the work.
(3)too不用于否定句中,一般只用于肯定句和疑问句,在否定句中用either.一般用于句末,其前用逗号隔开.
I'm not a doctor. He is not a doctor, either.
They can't play football. We can't play football, either.
too还可表示"太,过分".构成词组: too…to…意为"太…而不能…".此时可用"not … enough to…"或"so… that…"代替.
My brother is too young to go to school.
My brother isn't old enough to go to school.
My brother is so young that he can't go to school.
play
作动词,意为"玩,玩耍". 构成词组: play with意为"和…玩". play后接球类名词时,不加任何冠词.后接乐器名词时耍加定冠词the
play football play table tennis
play basketball play ping-pong
play volleyball play baseball
paly the piano play the violin
play the trumpet play the drums
I can play football very well but I can't play the piano
shy
作形容词,意为"害羞的,羞怯的".在句中作表语和定语.
He is new here. He is very shy.
The girl is kind of shy.
When I answer questions, I always feel shy.
please
表示"请",多用于祈使句中,表示客气与礼貌,后接动词原形.
Pleasecome in.
Come in,please.
Please go to school tomorrow.
Go to school tomorrow, please.
祈使句是表示命令,请求的句子.省略了主语you, 以动词原形开头.其否定形式是在动词原形前面加Don't.以please开头的祈使句,其否定形式为 Please don't + 动词原形.
Please stand up.
Please don't stand up.
Sit down.
Don't sit down.
sleep
作动词,意为"睡,睡觉".也可作名词,意为"睡觉,睡眠".构成以下词组:
go to sleep
get to sleep
Please be quiet! Your father is sleeping.
Let's have a sleep now.
asleep是形容词,意为"熟睡的".多用在系动词后作表语.
sleepy 是形容词,意为"有睡意的,困倦的".
My father is asleep now.
I'm sleepy when I listen to him.
go to bed和sleep
(1)go to bed 指"上床睡觉",强调从脱衣服到上床这一动作,表示准备睡觉,不含睡着之意.
(2)sleep指睡着的整个过程,用于现在进行时态中表示"正在睡觉".
I sleep for nine hours every day.
Don't make noise. Your father is sleeping.
during/for
(1)during意为"在…期间,在…时候".多指一段时间中的某一时候或某几个时候.强调某事什么时候发生,不一定很精确.其同义词为in
(2)for强调多长时间,可能较准确.用来指事件持续时间.
It rained during the day.
He worked during the night.
My father slept for 10 hours yesterday.
-How long did you stay there?
-For two hours.
leaf
作名词,意为"树叶".其复数形式为leaves.在英语中,以f,fe结尾的名词变复数的时候,通常将f,fe变为v再加es
In autumn, leaves turn yellow and fall down from the tree.
名词复数形式变化规则:
(1)一般在名词词尾加-s
banana→bananas apple→apples
day→days boy→boys
(2)以-o,-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es
tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes
glass→glasses potato→potatoes
watch→watches church→churches
(3)有些以-o结尾的,是外来词,则加-s
photo→photos
(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,把y改为I,加es
story→stories family→families
(5)特殊变化
man→men child→children
tooth→teeth woman→women
foot→feet mouse→mice
(6)特殊变化
Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
sheep→sheep deer→deer
actor
名词,意为"(男)演员","女演员"为actress
actor是由动词act+or后缀构成的.
(1)在英语构词中, 动词+后缀or变为名词,表示动作的执行者.
monitor班长 actor演员
visitor参观者 director导演
inventor发明家 editor编辑
(2)在英语构词中,还有动词+后缀er变成名词,也表示动作的执行者.
teacher singer
writer reader
reporter cleaner
painter worker
welcome
(1)作动词,意为"欢迎".welcome to…欢迎到某个地方来.
Welcome to our school.
(2)作形容词,意为"受欢迎的"
He is a welcome teacher. 他是一个受欢迎的老师.
(3)作名词,意为"欢迎"
give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
enjoy
作动词,意为"享受…的乐趣,欣赏,喜欢".有以下词组
①enjoy oneself意为"玩得高兴".
相当于have fun或have a good time.
She enjoyed herself in the park.
她在公园里玩得很高兴.
②enjoy sth意为"喜欢某物".
My father enjoys his work.我父亲喜欢他的工作.
③enjoy doing sth意为"喜欢做某事"
I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐.
quiet
作形容词,意为"宁静的,平静的"
keep quiet 保持安静
a quiet street 宁静的街道
quietly是副词,意为"安静地"
He went out of the room quietly.
他静静地离开了房间.
take a walk
动词词组,意为"散步,步行",相当于have a walk/go for a walk.
Let's take a walk in the park. 让我们一起在公园里散步.
与take有关的词组:
take a look 看一看 take photos 照相
take a rest 休息 take off 脱下
take a taxi 乘出租车 take part in 参加
through
介词,意为"穿过,经过",表示从中间通过,穿过,强调动作是从里面进行的.常与pass,walk,go等动词连用.
He often walks through the forest. 他经常穿越森林.
> across表示从一定范围的一边到另一边.表示动作是从物体表面进行的.
The dog walked across the bridge.那条狗走过了那座桥.
> over多指在空间范围上通过,越过或垂直上方,不接触表面.
The plane is flying over the village.
飞机飞过那个村庄.
want
作动词,意为"想要,要".相当于would like.
(1)want to do sth 意为"想做某事".
I want to play football in the park.
Do you want to stay here?
(2)want sb to do sth意为想"让某人做某事".
I want my classmates to help me.
report
名词,意为"记者,通讯员",其动词为report,意为"报道"
My father is a reporter.
I want to be a reporter.
He reports Morning News.
policeman作名词,意为"男警察",其复数为policemen.女警察为policewoman,其复数为policemen.police为名词,指警察,是集合名词.
My brother is a policeman.
I want to be a policeman.
They are all policemen.
The three men are all police.
waiter
(1)名词,意为"男服务员",由动词wait+er构成.
(2)"女服务员"为waitress,由动词wait+ress构成.
(3)wait是动词,意为"等待",构成词组
wait for sb 意为"等待某人".
can't wait to do sth 意为"迫不急待做某事".
I'm a waiter. I'm very busy..
Do you want to be a waiter in the future?
Who are you waiting for?
He can't wait to open the box.
bank clerk
(1)名词短语,bank意为"银行,银行办公处",clerk名词,意为"职员,管理员".此短语是由"名词+名词"构成.
telephone number
family name
information desk
boy friend
girl friend
man doctor
woman doctor
(2)在英语中所学过的职业有很多.
teacher nurse actor waiter
doctor student reporter bank clerk
shop assistant singer dancer
Anna's mother
此用法为名词所有格.在英语中,英语名词可加"'s"来表示所有关系,称之为该名词的所有格.
(1)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格在词尾加"'s".若以"s", "es"结尾的名词复数加"'".
Mary's bike
my father's room
Women's Day
the students' books
my friends' beds
(2)表示时间,距离,集体,城市,国家,自然现象,世界,天体和固定名词等名词的所有格.
today's newspaper
a week's time
the city's park
twenty minutes' walk
(3)并列名词各自的所有格,在每个名词后加"'s".表示诸多名词"共有",则在最后一个名词后加"'s".
Jim and Tom's room
Lucy's and Lily's shoes
Xiao Ming and Xiao Gang's mother
(4)名词所有格所修饰的名词,如上文提到过,再次出现时,该名词可以省略.
My uncle is at Mr Black's (home).
I went to a butcher's (shop) and bought some meat.
work
(1)作动词,意为"工作",后接宾语需加介词.
I work in a hospital.
He works in a company.
My sister works in the TV station as a reporter.
I like to work with my friends.
(2)作名词,不可数名词,意为"工作",与job同义,但有区别:
job是可数名词,指具体的某项工作,多雇佣的,招聘的,有报酬的工作,而work是不可数名词,主要指体力和脑力劳动,表示一种抽象的概念.
It's a good job.
I'm busy today. I have a lot of work to do.
What's his job?
give
作动词,意为"给".构成词组
give sb sth = give sth to sb 意为"给某人某物"
Please give me a bottle of milk to me.
→ Please give a bottle of milk to me.
I gave many books to him
→I gave him many books.
当give sb sth句型中sth为代词时,只能用后一种结构:
give sth to sb,简记口诀:名词放两边,代词放中间.
(误) Please give me it.
(正) Please give it to me.
get
作动词,意为"得到,收到,经历". get sth from sb.意为"从某人那里得到某物".
He got a letter from his wife.
I want to get a present from my parents.
get可构成以下词组:
get up起床 get off下车
get to到达 get on上车
get back回来 get sth back取回某物
get away离开 get sth out of把…从…取出来
get into进入 get ready for为…准备好
get in收获 get out of从…里出来
wear
(1)表示"穿着,戴着".
I often wear a dress.
Mr Li likes wear a blue shoes.
(2)表示"留有,蓄有(发式,胡须等)".
The girl wears long hair.
(3)(面貌,表情)显出,带有.
My father wears a sad look.
(4)使变旧,用坏.
He wears his socks into holes.
wear 和put on
两者均可表示"穿,戴",在句中作谓语.但wear强调穿的状态,put on强调穿的动作.
I like wearing blue shoes.
He is wearing a white T-shirt.
It's cold outside. You'd better put on your coat.
sometimes/sometime/some times/some time
sometimes 不时,有时
sometime 在某个不确定的时间,在某个时间
some times 几次
some time 一段时间,一些时间
(1)sometimes意为"不时,有时",多用于一般现在时态中,常用于句首或实义动词之前.
Sometimes I go to school on foot.
He sometimes visits his uncle.
(2)sometime意为"在某个不确定的时间","在某个时间","某时",多用于将来时中,也可用于过去时态.
My father will go to Shanghai sometime.
(3)some times意为"几次".
I met my friend some times last week.
(4)some time
I read English for some time every day.
我每天都读一段时间的英语.
sometimes是频率副词,在英语中表示时间频率的副词还有:
always总是 usually通常,常常
often经常 never从不
hardly ever几乎不
hospital
作名词,意为"医院".
Excuse me. Is there a hospital near here?
There is a hospital across from the land.
in hospital & in the hospital
(1)in hospital意为"住院"
My father is ill in hospital.
(2)in the hospital指在医院工作或探望病人,意为在医院里
I work in the hospital.
I'll go to see my teacher in the hospital.
dangerous
作形容词,意为"危险的".在句中作表语或定语.
The tiger is a dangerous animal.
It is dangerous to feed animals.
danger 是dangerous的名词,意为"危险".亦为不可数名词.
构成词组: in danger意为"处于危险中".
out of danger意为"脱离危险,摆脱困境".
The little boy is in danger.
My teacher helps me out of danger.
late
(1)作形容词,意为"晚的,迟到的".其反义词为early.
构成词组 be late for sth=be late to do sth 做某事迟到了
Don't be late for class again.
He was late to go to work.
(2)作副词,意为"晚地",与early相对.
He always goes to school late.
Who got up late today?
busy
作形容词,意为"忙碌的".
(1)be busy with sth 意为"忙于做某事".
I'm busy with my homework now.
My teacher is busy with his work.
(2)be busy (in) doing sth. 意为"忙于做某事".
Lucy is busy making the bed.
My mother is busy (in)doing housework.
exciting/excited
(1)exciting 是excite的现在分词.相当于形容词.意为"令人兴奋的,令人激动的".一般用来修饰事或物作主语的句子.可作定语和表语.
This is an exciting film.
The film is very interesting.
(2)excited 是excite的过去分词,相当于形容词,意为"令人兴奋的,令人激动的".一般用来修饰人作主语的句子.可构成词组be excited at…意为"对…感到兴奋".
I'm excited at the news.
newspaper
作名词,意为"报纸",为可数名词.
I like to read newspapers every day.
My aunt sells newspapers at the bus stop.
(1)news为名词,意为"新闻,消息",通常为不可数名词,谓语动词为单数.
I'm excited at the news.
The news is very important.
(2)paper为名词,可作不可数名词,意为"纸,纸张".也可作可数名词,意为"试卷,卷子".
Can you give me a piece of paper?
hard
(1)作形容词,意为"困难的","坚硬的".
I find it hard to answer the question.
It is a hard question.
The chair is too hard. I don't like it.
(2)作副词,意为"辛苦地,努力的地".
Everyone of us should work hard.
My father works hard every day.
as
(1)作介词,意为"作为,当作".
He works in the TV station as a reporter.
As a student, I should study hard.
(2)作连词,意为"当…时","因为,由于",像…那样".
We always sing as we go home.
We all believe him as he is an honest boy.
My father is as ols as my mother.
for
(1)介词,表示"当作,作为".
I ate eggs and bread for lunch.
What do you have for breakfast?
(2)表示理由或原因,意为"因为,由于".
I didn't go to school today, for it was cold.
Thank you for talking to us.
(3)表示去向,目的,意为"向,往,取,买"等.
What did you come here for?
We go out for a walk every evening.
(4)表示动作的对象或接受者,意为"给…","对…而言".
My mother bought a book for me.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
(5)表示时间,距离,意为"达,计".
I stayed in Beijing for 2 months.
talk
作动词,意为"谈话",构成词组
talk with/to sb与某人谈话.
talk about sth谈论某事
Who is your teacher talking with?
We are talking about English food.
need
作实义动词,意为"需要,必要"之意.
(1)need sth 需要某物.
I need a bag.
Do you need help?
We need a lot of food.
(2)need to do sth
We need to go to school every day.
He needs to stay at home by himself.
(3)need doing sth
My clothes need washing.
His bike needs repairing.
(4)need 还可作名词,意为"需要,需求,必要".
There's no need to stay here.
(5)need还可作情态动词,多用于疑问句和否定句中,此时后面加动词原形,need引导的一般疑问句,其答语肯定用must,否定用needn't.
I needn't go to school today.
other
作形容词,意为"其他的,别的".作定语修饰名词.
What other animals do you like?
Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
(1)other与else的区别用法
else作副词,常用在疑问词who,what,where,when,what…等或者nobody,someone,somebody,nothing,anything等不定代词之后作定语.
What else can you do now?
Who else is she playing with?
I need something else.
other是形容词,后面要跟名词.
What other things can you see in the picture?
(2)another, the other, others, the others的区别用法
another 意为"另一个,再一个".指三者或多个不定数目中的另一个,后接单数可数名词,前面不定冠词修饰.三个以上的东西先说one,再说another.最后说the third.
This bag is too small. Can you show me another one?
He has three children. One is Tom, another is Lucy, the third is Lily.
the other 指"两者中的另一个,其余的另外的".the other后面可接可数名词单数或复数形式.指"其余的人或物,剩余的人或物".
I have two pens. One is long, the other is short.
There are ten books on the desk. Five books are Tom's. the other ones are mine.
others为代词，泛指"其他的人或物，剩余的部分","与other+名词复数"同义,构成句型some… others…,意为"一些…另一些…"
We should help others.
There are many people in the park.Some are playing football. Others are playing basketball.
the others指"其余的人或物,剩余的部分",相当于"the other +名词复数".
There are twenty students in our class. 15 are girls, the others are boys.
I have five friends. Two are from America, the others are from Canada.
children
作名词,为child的复数,意为"孩子".在口语中可用kid.
I love children, so I want to be a teacher.
Help yourselves, children.
watch/look/see/read
(1)watch 作及物动词,意为"观看,注视",指看电视,看电影,比赛等.强调长时间观看某一活动的场面.
I often watch TV at home.
(2)look强调看的动作,不注重结果.为不及物动词,接宾语时用介词at
Look at the blackboard, please.
(3)see强调看的结果为及物动词,后面可以直接加宾语.
I can't see any birds in the tree.
(4)read作及物动词,意为"看,读",其宾语为"书,报纸,杂志"等.
My father likes reading newspaper.
clean
(1)作动词,意为"打扫,清除".
We clean our classroom every day.
It's important for us to clean our bedroom.
(2)作形容词,意为"干净的,清洁的".
My room is very clean.
We should keep clean.
(3)cleaner意为"清洁工人".
There is a cleaner working on the road.
(4)do some cleaning意为"打扫卫生".
It's time for us to do some cleaning.
do homework
do homework=do one's homework做(某人)家庭作业.
one's为形容词性物主代词.homework为不可数名词.
I do my homework at school.
Tom doesn't do his homework at home.
homework是由名词与名词构成,类似的词还有:
basketball bedroom newspaper classroom
policeman backpack housework businessman
schoolbag football watermelon
good/fine/well
(1)good表示品质,道德,质量等"好".在句中作定语,表语,补语等.
(2)well作形容词时,只表示身体好,无病的,在句中只作表语.
(3)fine可用来表示天气,身体状况好.
-How are you? -Fine, thank you.
My father is a good doctor.
I'm not well today so I can't go to school.
show
(1)作动词,意为"给…看,出示".后面接双宾语,即
show sb sth=show sth to sb 意为"给某人看某物".
Can you show me a bigger one?
He showed his photos to me.
(2)作名词,意为"表演,演出".
The TV show is very interesting.
I like seeing the talk show.
(3)构成词组 on show 展览,陈列
show sb around 带领某人参观某地
sure
(1)副词,意为"的确,当然"
-Can you help me? -Sure./Of course.
(2)作形容词,意为"确信的,有把握的".构成词组:
be sure to do sth "务必,一定做某事".常用于祈使句中. be sure of/about sth相信,对…有把握,后接名词,代词或动名词.表示对某事的主观看法.
be sure that+从句 意为"某人对…有把握".
Be sure to finish your homework before six o'clock.
Are you sure of the answer?
I'm sure that he will come here.
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