2015高考英语一轮限时特训34 Astronomy the science of the stars人教版 5页

[基础知识·夯实] Ⅰ.单词拼写 根据汉语注释及首字母提示写出下列单词的正确形式。 1. With the changes in the world's c______， dinosaurs died, but many smaller animals lived on. 2. I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. I'm left p______. 3. He often says that he doesn't believe in any ________(宗教) and only believe in himself. 4. In old times people had a________ (理论) that the world was flat. 5. A familyfriendly________ (气氛) in this hotel makes travelers comfortable. 答案：1. climate 2. puzzled 3. religion 4. theory 5. atmosphere Ⅱ. 选词填空 break out；give birth to；prevent...from；cheer up；watch out 1. We should________ the situation in that country ________becoming worse. 2. The other day my pet cat________ a new little cat. 3. A conflict________ between the two countries. 4. His friends________as soon as they knew he had recovered from illness. 5. ________for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions. 答案：1. prevent; from 2. gave birth to 3. broke out 4. cheered up 5. Watch out Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1. Let the boys play in the wood；it is not ______(harm) to them. 答案：harmful 解析：be harmful to 为一固定搭配，意为“对……有害”。 2．If we hadn't worked so hard, such a good situation wouldn't have________(存在) in our factory. 答案：existed 解析：句意：如果我们不努力工作的话，我们厂是不会有这么好的形势的，exist“存在”之意。 3.The woman's illness ________(困惑) all the doctors in this hospital; they couldn't find the cause. 答案：puzzled 解析：句意：那位妇女的病难倒了医院的所有医生，他们找不出病因。puzzle“(使)迷惑，(使)为难”。 4.－Darling, I didn't get promoted. －______ ______(振作起来)! There will be loads of other opportunities. 答案：Cheer up 解析：答语句意：振作起来！还会有很多其他的机会的。cheer up“振作起来”，符合情景。 5．People hope that measures will be taken to ________(prevent) house prices ________(rise)． 答案：prevent; rising 解析：考查动词搭配。句意：人们希望采取措施阻止房价上升。take measures to do“采取措施做某事”， 故用 prevent 原形，又 prevent...(from)．..“阻止……”，rise 为 from 的宾语，故用 rising。 6．Whenever I get in trouble, my father always encourages me, “Don't worry, my girl. I'm sure everything will get better ________ ________(迟早)．” 答案：in time 解析：考查介词短语。句意：每当我遇到困境，我的父亲总是鼓励我说，“别担心，我相信一切迟早 都会好转。”in time“及时；迟早”。 7．Tests have proved that caffeine affects the body by increasing the heart rate and rhythm, which ________ ________(反过来) affects the circulatory system. 答案：in turn 解析：考查介词短语。句意：实验表明咖啡因通过增加心跳节律来影响人的身体，转而影响循环系统。 in turn“相应的；转而”，符合句意。 8．－________ ________(既然) you like the computer so much, why not buy it? —Well, I can't afford it. 答案：Now that 解析：题干中问句句意：既然你这么喜欢这台计算机，为什么不买下来呢？now that 表示“既然；由 于”，符合句意。 9．They have produced ________ ________ ________grain as(两倍) they did last year. 答案：twice as much 解析：句意：他们已经生产的粮食是去年的两倍。此处考查倍数表达法：倍数＋ as many/much...＋as...， grain 为不可数名词，故用 much。 10．－Could you turn the TV down a little bit? －________ ________(sorry). Is it disturbing you? 答案：I'm sorry 解析：考查交际用语。打扰了别人，影响了他人，应该是道歉。故填“I'm sorry”。 [实战能力·提升] Ⅳ.阅读理解 A [2013·辽宁高考] China is a land of bicycles. At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country. Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle. Millions of them, all black. Cars were rare. Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've found the opposite is true. There are millions of cars. However, people still use their bicycles to get around. For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today. Bicycles also come in different colors－silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want. It's fun watching people biking. They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks (人行道). Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide. Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle. Great weather accompanied my great buy. I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home. My first ride home was orderly (守秩序的). To be safe, I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times. I didn't want to get hit. So I took the ride carefully. Crossing the streets was the biggest problem. It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States. The streets here were wide, so crossing took time, skill and a little bit of luck. I finally made it home. The feeling on the bicycle was amazing. The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful. I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people. Biking made me feel alive. 1．According to the author, why are bicycles still popular in China today? A. Because they are traditional and safe. B. Because they are convenient and inexpensive. C. Because they are colorful and available. D. Because they are fast and environment friendly. 2．The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended ________. A. to ride it for fun B. to use it for transport C. to experience local culture D. to improve his riding skills 3．How did the author feel about his street crossing? A. It was boring. B. It was difficult. C. It was lively. D. It was wonderful. 4．Which of the following best describes the author's biking experience? A. The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills. B. The author was annoyed by the air while riding. C. The author was praised by the other bikers. D. The author took great pleasure in biking. [文章大意] 作者从美国来到中国，认识到中国是一个自行车王国，为了体验中国的文化，他买了一 辆自行车并且开始了他难忘的体验之旅。 1．B。考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.”可知， 自行车在中国仍然很受欢迎的原因是自行车方便而且不贵。 2．C。考查细节理解。根据第三段的第一句“Eager to be part of this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle.”可知 C 项正确。 3．B。考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的第一句“Crossing the streets was the biggest problem.”可知，作 者认为过马路很困难。 4．D。考查推理判断。文章最后一段中的“amazing, wonderful, on top of the world”和“feel alive”等说明 骑自行车给作者带来了很多快乐。 B [2014·乌鲁木齐高三年级诊断性测试] “Don't you have any toys you want to share？” I asked my son Johnson during our community's toy drive. “What about all those things in your closet you haven't used in years？” “I don't have anything，” he said. “We're so poor.” We're only “poor” because we refuse to buy him the cellphone he wants. At work the next day, one of my students handed me a Christmas gift－a box of chocolates. The woman had been out of work for months! “Thank you, Joanna，” I said. I hadn't expected a gift － I work at an adult education center, where we deal with people every day who struggle economically. The economic downturn is not new to those who are laid off, without work, and need an education to get ahead or for a sense of pride. When I was hired, my boss told me she tried to keep snacks around the center, because “You will hear growling bellies here. They give their food to the children before they themselves eat.” And yet these people, so grateful for a second chance of getting an education, unable to sometimes even afford the gas money to come in, manage to do something for us nearly every week. Some bring in food; others do chores around the center. They give what they are able to give. When I brought the candies home to share with my family, I told them just how precious each chocolate was if you thought of how much the unemployed woman's family makes a year. Perhaps the way I could help my son understand best was for me to do first. Immediately, I went to my bookshelf and chose several of my favorite novels to share with the center. When I had them boxed, I turned to find my son taking a basket of toys he had played with when younger. “I don't want these old things，” he said. Now the students had not only impacted me, but my family as well. Here I had thought I was the teacher, but Joanna and the rest of the students at the center are the ones teaching me. Because you're never so poor that you have nothing to give. 5. Johnson was unwilling to share his toys at first because ________. A. he found his toys too old to share B. he liked those toys very much C. he couldn't afford to buy more toys D. he didn't get a cellphone as a gift 6．The students at the adult education center ________. A. might be in bad economic condition B. are proud of their jobs and income C. are laid off for their poor education D. are grateful for getting a chance to work 7. What helped Johnson have a better understanding about sharing? A. The example of the author's sharing chocolates. B. The laidoff woman's sharing chocolates with the author. C. The teaching of the author at the center. D. The words of the author's boss. 8. What can we learn from the story? A. The poorest person is most generous. B. Some teachers aren't fit for their jobs. C. You are never too poor to give. D. Sharing is a good way to learn. [文章大意] 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过亲身经历教育儿子，要学会和他人分享。 5．D。 考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容可知，作者的儿子拒绝分享自己的玩具，是因为父母没有 给他买他想要的手机。 6．A。考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句中的“we deal with people every day who struggle economically” 可知，A 项正确。 7．B。考查推理判断。作者讲了一位下岗女工给作者送礼物的事情，然后作者自己拿出了一部分书， 准备和学生们一起分享，这些分享的行为使得作者的儿子受到感染，也拿出了自己的玩具来，所以选 B。 8．C。考查推理判断。根据文章第三段中的“The woman had been out of work for months！”和文章的 最后一句话“Because you're never so poor that you have nothing to give.”可知，即使再贫穷，我们也有可以给 予他人的东西，故选 C。 Ⅴ.短文改错 I'm neither interested in sports or good at it.But I can swim before I was a baby. My mother once tells me that she let me swim in the water with a lifebuoy(救生圈) when I was 20 days old. And then I should swim gradually.When I have grown up, I like swimming very much that I swim all the year round. Swimming in summer makes me feel comfortably to lower my temperature while winter swimming makes me to feel excited. Whenever I feel upset, I will go swimming and then I will be full with energy and feel relaxed. Besides, you can make more friends in swimming. Oh, I could wait to swim now. 答案： I'm neither interested in sports or nor good at it.But I can swim before since I was a baby. My mother once tells told me that she let me swim in the water with a lifebuoy(救生圈) when I was 20 days old. And then I should could swim gradually.When I have grown up, I like swimming very so much that I swim all the year round. Swimming in summer makes me feel comfortably comfortable to lower my temperature while winter swimming makes me to feel excited. Whenever I feel upset, I will go swimming and then I will be full with of energy and feel relaxed. Besides, you I can make more friends in swimming. Oh, I could ∧ not wait to swim now.