2020版高考英语 Unit 21 Human Biology夯练（含解析）北师大版选修7 6页

Human Biology 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ As a child，I was generally happy，singing and dancing to my favorite songs，smiling and laughing with my friends and family.But as far back as second grade，I noticed a“darkness”about me.I didn't enjoy participating in many things.‎ In middle school，things in my life began to get even worse.I began withdrawing from everything I once enjoyed.I was always tired.Everything was horrible.Finally，midway through eighth grade，I was told I had a chemical imbalance，diagnosed(诊断)with clinical depression，and had to take medicine.It took months for me to feel the effects of the medicine.‎ When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself, rather than relying on medicine.Aristotle said，“To live happily is an inward power of the soul，”and I believe that this quote describes what I had to do to achieve happiness.Happiness is a journey.Everyone seems to need different things to be happy.‎ ‎“The essentials(要素)to happiness are something to love，something to do，and something to hope for，”a quote from William Blake sums up what I believe people need to realize to be truly happy in life.People need love.I feel they need their family and their friends more than anything else in the world.People need work to do，something to make them feel they are making a difference in the world.People need to know that more good is to come in the future，so they continue to live for“now” instead of constantly worrying about the bad that could come.Love and hope are happiness.‎ ‎1．What do we know about the author in Paragraph 2?‎ A．He hated going to sleep because he couldn't sleep well.‎ B．He spent months recovering from the clinical depression.‎ C．He was diagnosed with clinical depression in Grade Seven.‎ D．He suffered a great deal from clinical depression.‎ ‎2．Who helped the author to be happy again?‎ A．The author's friends.　　B．Aristotle.‎ C．The author himself. D．William.‎ ‎3．Which of the following about being truly happy is unnecessary in the author's opinion?‎ A．Love. B．Ambition.‎ 6‎ C．Hope. D．Work.‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．The Essentials to Happiness B．Ways to Overcome Shortcomings C．Everyone Needs to Be Happy D．Happiness Is Love ‎【解题导语】作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历总结出了幸福生活的要素。‎ ‎1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I began withdrawing from everything I once enjoyed.I was always tired.Everything was horrible.Finally，midway through eighth grade，I was told I had a chemical imbalance，diagnosed with clinical depression, and had to take medicine.可知，在中学时，作者受到临床抑郁症的折磨。故选D项。‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself, rather than relying on medicine.可知，作者并不是依赖药物而是靠自己克服病症，重新快乐起来。故选C项。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句可知，作者认为幸福的要素包括爱、希望和工作。故选B项。‎ ‎4．A　主旨大意题。通读文章，作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历，总结出幸福生活的要素，文章最后一段具体阐述了要素的内容，由此可知A项契合文章主旨。‎ 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎(2017·山西太原五中检测)Learning any language takes practice—lots of practice！Often，it’s difficult to know 61.____________ you should practice it.Should you watch a video? Perhaps, 62.____________ would be a good idea to do a few 63.____________ (quiz)．Of course, you should try to speak English with your friends.All of these are great ideas, but it’s also important to build a routine.A routine will help you make 64.____________ (study) English a habit.That’s the best way to improve your English!‎ It’s important to 65.____________ (expose) to many different areas every day.66.____________， you shouldn’t try to study too many 67.____________ (differ) subjects.These suggestions take a 30minute listening and reading as the basis for daily practice.You are trying to learn many new things, so don’t try to learn too much in any one area too 68.____________ (quick) !‎ Take 5 minutes to write down all the new words you find in your listening and 6‎ ‎ reading exercises.Keep a notebook, and write in the 69.____________ (translate) in your native language.Don’t forget to learn grammar for 10 minutes.Try to quickly summarize what you listened to and what you read and speak out loud.‎ That’s it ! Approximately 45 minutes a day, every day or at least four times a week! If you continue to do this, you will be 70.____________ (surprise) at how quickly your English improves!‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高英语学习效果的几种练习方法。‎ ‎61．how　解析：考查从句连接词。下文介绍了学习语言时练习的方法，所以这里应填how，引导宾语从句。句意：很难知道应该如何去练习。‎ ‎62．it　解析：考查代词。此处应填it，作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。‎ ‎63．quizzes　解析：考查名词单复数。a few修饰名词复数，quiz的复数形式为quizzes。‎ ‎64．studying　解析：考查非谓语动词。make后面跟名词或动名词作宾语。本句是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，studying English是宾语，a habit是宾语补足语。‎ ‎65．be exposed　解析：考查非谓语动词。expose“接触；暴露”，为及物动词。expose sb./sth.to sth.“把某人/某物暴露于……；让某人/某物接触……”，为固定搭配，当sb./sth.作主语时，要用其被动形式be exposed to sth.。本句It作形式主语，expose后面没有宾语，所以用被动形式，故填be exposed。‎ ‎66．However　解析：考查副词。此处前后两句为转折关系，空后有逗号隔开，故填However“然而”。‎ ‎67．different　解析：考查词性转换。形容词different修饰名词subjects，作定语。‎ ‎68．quickly　解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词quickly修饰句中的谓语动词。‎ ‎69．translation　解析：考查词性转换。定冠词the后面要跟名词。故填translation。‎ ‎70．surprised　解析：考查词性转换。sb.be surprised at...“某人对……感到惊奇”，用形容词surprised作表语。‎ 三、短文改错。‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 6‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ ‎(2017·四川绵阳高中第二次诊断)When I was in high school, most of my friends had bicycle.I hoped I could also have it.One day I saw a secondhand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan.I asked my father the money.And he said he could only give me half of the money.I should find the other half by myself.So I went to sell newspapers after the school.My father was please when I showed him the money a month after.He gives me the other fifty.You can imagine how happily I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle.‎ 答案：‎ When I was in high school, most of my friends had .I hoped I could also have .One day I saw a secondhand bicycle, was only one hundred yuan.I asked my father the money. he said he could only give me half of the money.I should find the other half by myself.So I went to sell newspapers after school.My father was when I showed him the money a month .He me the other fifty.You can imagine how I was when I rode to school on my own bicycle.‎ 四、七选五。‎ 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. 　1　 ‎ The plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. 　2　After a while, it collects in the sea. And the plastic never goes away. The plastic is not biodegradable(微生物降解的)—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants(污染物). 　3　That means harmful material may get into our food supply. ‎ ‎　4　Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single- use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic ‎ 6‎ recycling programs also work—where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end them after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials. ‎ The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. 　5　 And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, the industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. ‎ But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem. ‎ A. Then, fish may eat the plastic. ‎ B. But people can make a big difference. ‎ C. Plastics should be gathered together and reused. ‎ D. It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. ‎ E. It asks for them to better measure and control plastic use. ‎ F. The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters. ‎ G. The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文叙述了塑料是如何进入海洋并危害海洋生物和人类的, 呼吁人们和公司采取措施来保护我们的环境。‎ ‎1. 【解析】选G。考查意义对等。上文提到在联合国的一次会议上提出了关于塑料污染海洋的报道, 所以此句说明了报道的内容, 故选G。‎ ‎2. 【解析】选F。考查词汇复现。根据上文的“makes its way into rivers and other waterways”及下文的“it collects in the sea”可知, 这句话讲的是塑料最终是要到达大海的, 故选F。‎ ‎3. 【解析】选A。考查意义对等。根据下文的“That means harmful material may get into our food supply. ”可知, 我们的食物来源鱼类有可能吃到塑料, 故选A。‎ ‎4. 【解析】选B。考查逻辑关系。根据下文可知, 人类可以引起污染也可以采取措施制止污染, 所以此句应是转折, 故选B。‎ ‎5.‎ 6‎ ‎ 【解析】选E。考查代词指代。根据前一句讲述“报道呼吁公司要改进塑料的使用方法。”故E项“它要求他们更好地衡量和控制塑料的使用。”承接上一句, E项中的It代指前一句提到的The report。‎ 五、书面表达。‎ ‎(2017·黄冈中学5月模拟)假如你是李华，你叔叔因为生意上的伙伴来中国参观，需要一个临时英语翻译，想让你帮忙。因此周四的口语课你就不能上了，只好给你的外教Mr.Smith写个便条请假，向他解释原因并请求准假。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Mr.Smith，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua One possible version: ‎ Dear_Mr.Smith，‎ I’d like to know if I could ask for leave from your oral English class this Thursday morning.‎ You always tell us that we should seize as many chances as possible to practice our oral English.Here comes a chance for me.My uncle is doing a business with a man who comes from England.Someone who is good at English is badly needed to help him.You know，my oral English is excellent, making me the suitable person to satisfy his need.In addition, I am always longing to communicate with other native speakers in English.What’s more, my uncle phoned to ask me to do him a favor.If you can approve of my leave, I will be grateful for your kindness.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 6‎