高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit5Firstaid题型组合课时练新人教版必修5 6页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 5 First aid Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2017·吉林省部分学校高三仿真检测)Say you're in the supermarket parking lot， holding your baby，bags of goods，and trying to open your car.A stranger walks up and says，“Here，let me hold your baby.” Should you let him? According to a new New York University study，knowing whether or not to trust someone is so important that we can tell whether a face is trustworthy before we even consciously know it's there.The researchers knew from previous studies that people are fairly similar when it comes to how they judge a face's trustworthiness.They wanted to find out whether that would be true if people only saw a face for a quick moment—an amount of time so short that it would prevent making a conscious judgment. To carry out their study，the researchers monitored the amygdala (扁桃腺结构) of 37 volunteers while showing them 300 faces for 33 milliseconds each.Those faces had already been tested with a different set of 10 subjects，who saw them for much longer.In those earlier tests，people agreed about whether to trust each face.In this new study，fascinatingly，different parts of the amygdala lit up when a subject saw an untrustworthy face and a trustworthy one—and it lit up more when the face in question was suspicious (可疑的)． “Faces that appear likely to cause harm are suddenly tracked by the amygdala， so it could then quickly change other brain processes and make fast responses to people—approach or avoid，”says Jon Freeman，the study's senior author.“Our talents for making instant judgments could either come from birth or be learned from the social environment.” So should you trust the guy in the parking lot？Your brain already knows. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人们是否能在很短的时间内通过面容来判断别人是 否可信呢？来看看与此相关的研究吧。 1．What is Paragraph 1 used to? A．To summarize the whole passage. B．To make the passage more interesting. C．To introduce the topic of the passage. D．To warn people to guard against strangers. C [推理判断题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“According to a new New York University study，knowing whether or not to trust someone is so important that we 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 can tell whether a face is trustworthy before we even consciously know it's there” 可知，第一段的内容就是用来引出本文的话题的。] 2．The amygdala lit up more clearly when people ． A．came across a neutral face mask B．saw an untrustworthy face C．met a reliable person D．saw a familiar face B [细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中的“different parts of the amygdala lit up when a subject saw an untrustworthy face and a trustworthy one—and it lit up more when the face in question was suspicious (可疑的)”可知，当人们看到一个 可疑的面孔时，人们的扁桃腺结构会表现得更为活跃，因此答案为 B 项。] 3．What can we infer from Freeman's words? A．Brain processes cannot be changed. B．The amygdala tracks only faces of bad men. C．The amygdala decides the accuracy of judgments. D．The ability of making fast judgments can be acquired. D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Our talents for making instant judgments could either come from birth or be learned from the social environment.”可知人们迅速 作出判断的能力可以是天生的，也可以后天在社会环境中习得，因此答案为 D 项。] 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Is facial trustworthiness reliable? B．You can judge a person even without being aware of it C．Your brain decides whether to trust people in milliseconds D．Can the amygdala reveal how people make automatic judgments? C [标题判断题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究：人类在毫秒之内就能通过 面容来判断出一个人是否值得信任。文章最后一句“Your brain already knows”也提供了 明确的答题依据。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 (2017·江西重点中学协作体高三联考)For many people，history classes are seen as no more than requirements for getting degrees in chemistry，biology，business， marketing，etc.1. Below are a few reasons why it's crucial that today's people continue to learn about the past. Understanding where people come from plays a key role in understanding who they are. 2. For this reason，it's extremely important to learn history in order 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 to understand why people are the way that they are. Through history classes，you can experience a shift in the way you think.3. It's important to developing minds to be able to consider problems from different angles.Finally，this shift can improve your ability to analyze and understand situations，to make educated decisions and to learn how to weigh the consequences related to each choice before you. 4． The idea that history repeats itself is rooted in truth.From wars to fashion to political trends，historians are often able to make predictions about the future based upon the past.By having a deep understanding of what happened in the past，today's people can better prepare for brighter futures by making the right decisions—instead of repeating old mistakes. Many people may not believe that a degree in history can lead to a wellpaying job.In fact，students who graduate with degrees in history can become lawyers， business owners，think tank (智囊团) members，educators，leaders in historical organizations，writers and so on.5. A．Whichever you take，it can provide a comfortable life. B．Learning about history can change how you think. C．That means you look at things from a new point of view. D．Learning from the past prevents future mistakes. E．The key to enjoying the study of history is to find classes that interest you. F．But the truth is that studying history is a wonderful way to prepare for a successful future. G．History has shaped cultures，attitudes and social structures；it has shaped the world and its citizens. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要解释了自己认为历史课很重要的原因。 1．F [上文提到，有很多人认为，历史课只是获得其他专业的学位的要求而已，而 F 项意为“但是事实上，学习历史是为一个成功的未来做好准备的极佳途径”，与上文形成转 折关系，引出了作者自己的观点，并与下文作者提出的历史很重要的几点原因相呼应，符合 语境。故选 F。] 2．G [下文提到，正因为如此，为了理解人类的行为方式，学习历史是极其重要的， 而 G 项意为“历史塑造了文化、态度和社会结构，它还塑造了整个世界和这个世界上的居 民”，和下文形成因果关系，并与下文中的“understand why people are the way that they are”相呼应，符合语境。故选 G。] 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 3．C [上文提到，通过学习历史，你可以改变你的思考方式，而 C 项意为“那意味着 你能从新的视角看待事情”，承接上文话题，符合语境。故选 C。] 4．D [本段主要讲述的是：通过学习历史，了解过去，人们可以避免在将来犯同样的 错误，从而做出正确的决定。D 项意为“学习过去能阻止在未来犯错”，体现了本段的中心， 符合语境。故选 D。] 5．A [上文提到，实际上，历史专业的毕业生可以从事各种薪水不错的工作，如律师、 老板、智囊团成员和教育者等，而 A 项意为“不管你从事哪个行业，它都能给你提供一个舒 适的生活”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。故选 A。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2017·石家庄高中毕业班模拟)Dogs are 1. very popular pet.Most of them just live with their families.But some dogs have very special jobs 2. __ (do)．A group of dogs 3. (know) as “Therapy Dogs”．These dogs are family pets with special training，4. allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people 5. need.The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet.Loud noises and unfamiliar places don't frighten them.They enjoy spending time with people. Some therapy dogs go into places，such as hospitals and nursing homes.When the dogs visit the patients，the patients are cheered up.They have fun 6. (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits.The dogs help to brighten their day.Therapy dogs can improve people's health as well.Studies show that when people pet animals， their blood 7. (press) and heart rates go down.They are calmer and 8. (they) mood improves. Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries.They serve as warm and caring 9. (friend) to children，but they also do 10. (much)．In one town in California，therapy dogs have become children's reading buddies.The dogs make a great audience.The children look forward to reading to the dogs，and the dogs love the attention. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗——治疗犬。它们能给病 人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子的朋友。 1．a [考查冠词。依据本句中的“very popular pet”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表 示泛指。] 2．to do [考查固定用法。本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth. to do 表示“要 做某事”。] 3．are known [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句话缺少谓语动 词，“a group of＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs 与 know 是动宾关系，此 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。] 4．which [考查定语从句。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。] 5．in [考查介词。由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。 in need 表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。] 6．petting [考查非谓语动词。have fun (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有乐趣”。] 7．pressure [考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure 表示 “血压”。] 8．their [考查代词。修饰名词 mood 要用形容词性物主代词，故用 their。] 9．friends [考查名词的数。根据句子的主语 They 可知，此处用名词复数。] 10．more [考查比较级。句中的 but 暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友，它们会做 得更多。] Ⅳ.短文改错 (2017·石家庄高中毕业班模拟) Dear Li Lei， I've received your letter and I deep understand how you feel now.However，don't feel disappointing or even doubt yourself as you are not the only one who find it difficult to write well.I suppose the following suggestion might be of very helpful to you. To begin with，it's important remember some sentence structures，which can enriched your vocabulary and expressions.Additionally，reading English articles and recite the good ones. Finally，keep in mind what there are many things that can't be learnt immediately， but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.Just as the saying goes， “Practice makes perfect.” 【答案】 Dear Li Lei， I've received your letter and I deep deeply understand how you feel now.However， don't feel disappointing disappointed or even doubt yourself as you are not the only one who find finds it difficult to write well.I suppose the following suggestion suggestions might be ﹨of very helpful to you. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 To begin with，it's important∧to remember some sentence structures，which can enriched enrich your vocabulary and expressions.Additionally，reading read English articles and recite the good ones. Finally ， keep in mind what that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately， but so/and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.Just as the saying goes，“Practice makes perfect.”