高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit4Earthquakes教师用书新人教版必修1 11页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发 n. 突然破裂；爆发 2．event n. 事件；大事 3．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭 vt. 毁灭；使破产 4．trap vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱；困境 5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 6．nation n. 民族；国家；国民 7．dirt n. 污垢；泥土 →dirty adj. 脏的，肮脏的 8．suffer vt.&vi. 遭受；忍受 →suffering n. 苦难；痛苦 →sufferer n. 患者；受害者 9．extreme adj. 极度的 →extremely adv. 非常；极其；极端地 10．injure vt. 损害；伤害 →injury n. 伤害；损害 →injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的 11．rescue n．&vt. 援救；营救 →rescuer n. 救援者 12．frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 →frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的 →frightening adj. 令人恐惧的 13．congratulate v. 祝贺 →congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 14．judge n. 裁判员；法官 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 vt. 断定；判断；判决 →judgment n. 判断；裁判；判决书 15．express vt. 表示；表达 n. 快车；快递 →expression n. 表达；表情；措辞 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 16．earthquake n． 地震 17．canal n. 运河；水道 18．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹 19．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地 20．headline n. 报刊的大字标题 21．electricity n. 电；电流；电学 22．shock vt.&vi. (使)震惊；震动 n. 休克；打击；震惊 23．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸 24．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 25．reporter n. 记者 高频短语——会默写 1．right away 立刻；马上 2．think little/nothing of 以为……没什么了不起 3．at an end 结束；终结 4．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 5．dig out 掘出；发现 6．a(great) number of 许多；大量的 7．be proud of 以……而自豪 8．judging from 从……判断 9．be trapped in 陷入 10．be buried in 埋头于 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to 1.正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。 Just as the old saying goes：it is 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 eat.(too...to 意为“太……而不 能……”，表示否定意义。) never too old to learn. 2.It seemed as if the world was at an end！(It seemed as if ……似乎/好 像……) 2.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。 It seemed as if everything in my childhood had just happened. 3.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.(everywhere 引导让步状语从句) 3.无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。 Everywhere he went，he received a warm welcome. 4.All hope was not lost.(“all...not...”为部分否定。) 4.并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制 度，因此作为一名老师，我应严格要求 他们。 All students don't obey the school rules，so as a teacher，I should be strict with them. 精讲 5 个考纲单词 burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发 [教材原句] In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。 (1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入 (2) burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来 burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支 (3)a burst of 一阵…… ①Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away. 昨晚有人闯入房间但没有带走任何东西。 ②There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 [链接写作] 一句多译 听到这，全班同学大笑起来，我同桌的脸变红了。(2013 年湖北高考·写作) ①Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate's face turned 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 red. ②Hearing this，the whole class burst out laughing and my deskmate's face turned red. ruin n. [U]毁灭；毁坏；崩溃；[常用复数]废墟；遗迹 vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟 [经典例句] It was this mistake that ruined his chances of getting the job.(牛 津词典) 正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。 (1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏 bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产 (2)ruin sth./sb. 毁坏某物/某人 ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途 ①The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，while made us awake all night. 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，让我们彻底未眠。 ② His drunk driving not only ruined himself(he) but also killed several passersby. 酒驾不仅毁掉了他自己还导致几名路人死亡。 bury vt.掩埋；埋葬；使专心，使沉浸；隐藏 [教材原句] The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。 (1)bury one's head/face in hands 双手抱头/掩面 (2)be buried in＝bury oneself in 专心于 be buried in thought 沉思 ①He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat. 他站在人行道上，双手插在黑色外套的口袋里。 ②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying(bury)herself in the book in her hands. 女孩坐在公园的长凳上，专心读着手里的那本书。 injure vt.损害；伤害 [经典例句] Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.(2016 年全国乙卷·完形填空) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 拉里告诉她他已经扑灭了大火，并且她不应该动，以防伤到脖颈。 (1)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 伤员 (2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人 ①Believe it or not，what you said just now injured her pride. 信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了她的自尊。 ②When we reached the scene of the accident，we were told that the injured (injure) had been sent to the nearest hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被 送往最近的医院。 [链接写作] 完成句子 But now，because my left foot was injured in the football game，I cannot go with you as planned.(2014 年北京高考·书面表达) 但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能像计划的那样和你一起去。 judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官；评判员 [教材原句] Your speech was heard by a group of five judges，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.一组五个裁判听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年 最好的演讲。 (1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断 judge sb. to be 判断某人为…… as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为 (2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断 ①As the saying goes，“We should never judge a person by his looks.” 常言道，“我们不能以貌取人。” ②According to what he said，we can judge him to be (be) a clever boy.根据他 所说的话，我们可以判断他是一个聪明的男孩。 ③Judging(judge) from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club yet. 根据车子的数量来判断，他认为俱乐部里没有多少人了。 【导学号：30892020】 [名师点津] judging from/by 表示“从……来看，根据……来判断”，用在句首时为 一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。 诠释 2 个核心短语 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 at an end 结束；终结 [经典例句] My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow. 假期结束了，明天我必须回去上班。 (1)at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候 为止(常与完成时态连用) in the end 最后；终于 (2) put/bring...to an end put an end to... 使……结束 (3)end up with 以……结束 end up doing sth. 最终在做某事 (4)ending n. 结局，结尾 endless adj. 无止境的；连续的 ①He tried various jobs and in the end became an accountant. 他尝试过各种各样的工作，最后成为一名会计。 ②Go straight and you'll find the hospital at the end of the road. 一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。 ③ At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)． 最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。 a (great) number of 许多；大量的 [经典例句] I gave away a great number of books to the children there. 我向那儿的孩子捐赠了许多书。 （1） a great/large /small number of a great/good many quite a few ＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语 （2） a great deal of a great/large amount of ＋不可数名词 （3） a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of masses of plenty of ＋ 可数名词复数 或不可数名词 ①Now a great number of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job.But the number of posts available for them is often not enough. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位数量却经常不足。 ②There are (be)a great many talented people waiting to be discovered. 众多有才华的人有待于被发现。 突破 2 个高考句型 (教材 P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！ as if(＝as though)“似乎，好像”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 as if/though 所引导的从句中的语气及时态： as if/ though 陈述语气（真实或极有可能发生的情况） 虚拟语气（不 真实或不可能 发生的情况） 虚拟现在：did 虚拟过去：had done 虚拟将来：would/might/ could＋do ①It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here.(陈述语气)看起来(海水) 好像不干净，不能游泳。 ②When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were broken(break)．(虚 拟语气) 当把铅笔的一部分放进水里时，它看上去好像断了。 ③It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it.(2014 年重庆高考·单项填空)(虚拟语气)是约翰打破的窗户，为什么你说的好像是我打 破的似的？ (教材 P26)All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。 该句是表示部分否定的句型，all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的…… 都……”。 (1)英语中的 all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，completely，always， whole，entirely 等词与 not 连用，无论 not 位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都” 的意思。 (2)英语中的 no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more， no longer，no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。 ①It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not all of them are fit for them. ＝It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because all of them aren't fit for them. 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都能胜任这些工作。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 【导学号：30892021】 ②Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.＝Not both of the two math problems are very difficult. 这两道数学题并非都很难。 ③He told me all pieces of the news，but none of them was very exciting. 他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一件激动人心的。 [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————— 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The women (injure) in the accident should be given first aid. 2．On hearing the news that her son had won the game，she burst into (laugh)． 3．Lily had to take a taxi because the box was heavy to carry all the way home. 4．The mother，along with her two children， (rescue) from the sinking boat by a passing ship. 5．We offered our (congratulate) to you on your passing the 2016 College Entrance Examination. 【导学号：30892022】 6．As a matter of fact，it was an (extreme) difficult and dangerous task. 【 答 案 】 1.injured 2.laughter 3.too 4.was rescued 5.congratulations 6.extremely Ⅱ.单句改错 1．It is said that with more forests destroying huge quantities of good earth are being washed away. 2．When the children heard the frightened story，they were scared to death. 3．But the one million people of the city，they thought little of these events， went to bed as usual that night. 4．Judged from her last letter，they are having a wonderful time. 5．The accident caused some damage for my car，but it's nothing serious. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 【 答案 】 1.destroying→destroyed 2.frightened→frightening 3.they→who 4.Judged→Judging 5.for→to 重难考点多维练 1．bury 是“掩埋”还是“专心于” (1)单句语法填空 ① (bury) in heavy schoolwork，many high school students are told to lock themselves in their studies. ②With so many people (bury) under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest. 【导学号：30892023】 ③Ever since he moved there，he (bury) himself in his research work. (2)一句多译 由于专心学习，琳达对于怎样与男孩交往没有什么经验。 ④Because she ，Linda had little experience in handling boys. ⑤ ，Linda had little experience in handling boys.(现在分词短语作状语) ⑥ ，Linda had little experience in handling boys.(过去分词短语作状语) 【 答 案 】 ①Buried ②buried ③has buried ④was buried in her study ⑤Burying herself in her study ⑥Buried in her study 2．as if 用法知多少 (1)单句语法填空 ①School started，but I felt as if I (be) in a foreign country now. ②Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it (rain)．Let's hurry up. ③He opened his mouth as if (say) something. ④They talked as if they (be) friends for years. 【导学号：30892024】 ⑤She walked here and there on the playground as if (look) for something. (2)完成句子 ⑥一对年轻的夫妇坐在船里，一边吃东西一边大声地谈笑，好像他们是世上唯一的人。 A young couple in a boat were eating ， talking and laughing loudly ． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 【答案】 ①were ②is going to rain ③to say ④had been ⑤looking ⑥as if they were the only people in the world Ⅰ.课文短文改错 根据 P30 课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。 错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 Dear student， Congratulations！We are pleased to telling you that you have win the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by the group of five judges，all of who agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be very proud you！Our office would like to have you speaking in the new park，which will honor those that were died in the terrible disaster.What you know，this is the day when the quake happened thirty years before.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that specially day. 【答案】 1.第 2 句的 telling→tell 2.第 2 句的 win→won 3.第 3 句的 the→a 4. 第 3 句的 who→whom 5.第 4 句的 proud 后加 of 6.第 5 句的 speaking→speak 7.第 5 句 的 were 去 掉 8. 第 6 句 的 What→As 9. 第 6 句 的 before→ago 10. 第 7 句 的 specially→special Ⅱ.高考话题微写作 根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文。 1．2015 年 4 月 25 日，尼泊尔发生了强烈地震，全世界震惊。(strike；be shocked at) 2．地震现场令人恐惧。整个城市一片废墟；大量楼房倒塌；道路被石块和砖掩埋；数 千人被困在废墟下。总之，几乎一切都被毁了。(lie in ruins；a great number of；be trapped； destroy) 3．幸运的是，地震后全世界人民立刻行动起来帮助当地人渡过难关。(right away； disaster) 4．我真心希望尼泊尔尽快恢复正常。(sincerely) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 【参考范文】 On April 25，2015，a powerful earthquake struck Nepal.The whole world was shocked at the news.What frightening scenes！The whole city lay in ruins.A great number of buildings fell.Roads were buried by stones and bricks.Thousands of people were trapped under the ruins！In a word，nearly everything was destroyed.But fortunately， after the earthquake，the whole world took action right away to help the locals out of the disaster.I sincerely hope Nepal will return to normal as soon as possible. 【导学号：30892025】