【英语】2018届人教版必修二一轮复习：Unit4Wildlifeprotection单元学案（8页） 13页

Unit 4 Wildlife protection单元学案 核心单词 ‎1. decrease v. 减少；（使）变小；变少 n. 减少；降低；减少的数量，其后常接介词in/of 联想拓展 decrease (sth.) to/by ... 减少到/了……‎ increase vi.&vt. 增加；增长；增强 ‎ n.增加；增加的数量 increase to/by ...增加到/了……‎ on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加 易混辨析 reduce/decrease reduce 强调在“数量、大小，程度或强度”方面下降或减少。‎ decrease 侧重强调“稳定地，逐渐地，不断地”减少。‎ They are making every effort to decrease the production cost. 他们正在尽力降低生产成本。‎ The membership decreased to 150.‎ 会员数减少到了150人。‎ The number of students in the class has decreased by 20.‎ 班级里的人数减少了20人。‎ There has been a decrease in our imports. ‎ 我们的进口数量减少了。‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ ‎①这些措施将有助于降低生产成本。‎ ‎ will help the cost of production.‎ ‎②人口出生率正在下降。‎ The birthrate is . ‎ 答案：①These measures; decrease ‎②on the decrease ‎2. suggest vt. 建议；提出（意见、计划、理论等）；暗示；表明 常用结构：‎ suggest+doing 建议做……‎ suggest sb./sb.’s doing sth.‎ 建议某人做某事（不说suggest sb. to do sth.）‎ suggest sth. to sb. ‎ 向某人提议…… （不能说suggest sb. sth.）‎ suggest (to sb.)+that从句(向某人)建议。（所接从句用虚拟语气：sb.+should+动词原形，should可以省略）‎ It is suggested that ... 建议是……‎ suggest sth. 暗示；表明……‎ suggest+that从句 暗示；表明……（从句用陈述语气）‎ suggest sth. to sb. 使某人想起……‎ I suggest doing it in another way. ‎ 我建议换一种方式做这件事。 ‎ They suggested another shop to us.‎ 他们向我们建议了另一家商店。 ‎ She suggested that we（should）have lunch at the new restaurant.‎ 她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。 ‎ Her expression suggested that she had told a lie.‎ 她的表情表明她撒了谎。‎ 温馨提示 ‎ suggestion, advice, proposal作“建议”讲时，相关的名词性从句要用虚拟语气。‎ My suggestion is that we (should) go to the cinema together.我建议我们一块儿去看电影。(表语从句)‎ It’s suggested that you (should) stay here for another week.建议你在这儿再待一个星期。(主语从句)‎ He gave me an suggestion that I should go to Shanghai for a holiday.他建议我去上海旅游。(同位语从句) ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested everyone of us. ‎ A. that we go B. which we should go ‎ C. that we would go D. we should go ‎ 解析：选A。不管是suggest的何种形式，在句子中有“建议”之意时，后接的从句必须用虚拟语气。 ‎ ‎3. affect vt. 影响；侵袭；相当于；使感动；激起（悲伤、愤怒、爱等情绪）‎ 易混辨析 affect/effect/influence ‎ affect vt.表示“影响，（病）侵袭”，多指不好的影响。当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智或感情上的影响，即“使……感动”。‎ ‎ effect 表示“影响”时，是名词，指由于某种原因直接产生的结果，常用短语为：have an effect on对……有影响；in effect正在实行；实际上；side effect副作用；take ‎ effect开始实行；开始生效；without effect没有效果；come into effect生效；实施；bring/carry sth. into effect使……生效；be of no effect 无效果。‎ influence多指对人的思想、观念、心理情绪等内在的东西产生潜移默化的影响，或对人的决定、行为等造成某种程度的影响。‎ The disease is beginning to affect her brain.‎ 疾病逐渐侵袭她的大脑。 ‎ We are deeply affected by his devotion to work.‎ 他对工作的奉献令我们深受感动。 ‎ The book had a great influence on his life. ‎ 这本书对他的人生影响很大。 ‎ He is, in effect, my rival. 实际上，他是我的竞争对手。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 Sichuan province by the earthquake，causing difficulties to the postfestival road transport. ‎ A. were affected B. was affected C. had effected D. has affected ‎ 解析：选B。affect 为动词，意思是“影响；感动”；effect为名词，意思是“影响；效果”。根据句意选择B。 ‎ ‎4. appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；意识到；体会；理解 ‎ appreciate后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句等作宾语，但不能接不定式。表示“感激，感谢”时，其后的宾语只能为“物”，不能为“人”。其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，若语义上需要接这类从句，需借助it，即：appreciate it if/when ...。 ‎ 易混辨析 appreciate/thank appreciate 意为“感激，感谢”时的结构为：‎ ‎ appreciate (doing) sth.‎ ‎ appreciate it if/when ...‎ thank表示“感谢”时的结构为：thank sb. for sth.。‎ I appreciate your ability very much.‎ 我很欣赏你的能力。‎ We shall appreciate hearing from you again.‎ 能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。‎ I appreciate that you have come here so early.‎ 感谢你来得这么早。‎ I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将不胜感激。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.‎ A. to have had time　 B. having time C. to have time　 D. to having time ‎ 解析：选B。考查appreciate的搭配。此处appreciate意为“欣赏”，其后不能接动词不定式作宾语，而只能用名词或动名词形式。 ‎ ‎5. mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；宽容；恩惠；幸运；怜悯 常用结构：‎ at the mercy of sb./sth. 任由某人(某事物)摆布或控制 have mercy on/upon 对……有怜悯心 show mercy to sb. 宽恕/怜悯某人 without mercy 毫不留情地；残忍地 They showed mercy to their enemies. ‎ 他们对敌人很仁慈。‎ It’s a mercy she wasn’t hurt in the accident. ‎ 她在事故中未受伤, 真幸运。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①那只船在暴风雨中失去了控制。‎ ‎②可怜可怜我们吧！‎ 答案：①The ship was at the mercy of the storm. ‎ ‎②Have mercy on us!‎ ‎6. hunt vi.&vt.打猎，猎取；搜索 Wolves hunt in packs.‎ 狼是成群猎食的。‎ Police are hunting an escaped criminal.‎ 警方正在追捕逃犯。‎ 常用结构：‎ hunt for 试图找到(某人/物)‎ hunt after 探求；追求 答案：①I’m hunting for a lost book.‎ ‎②Many people hunt after fame all their lives but never find it. ‎ ‎7. include vt. 包括；包含 include侧重指范围，其主语和宾语属于同类，是整体与部分的关系。后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。‎ The trip includes a visit to Beijing.‎ 旅行包括到北京参观。‎ 联想拓展 contain vt. 表示“包含，含有；能容纳”，侧重指内容或成分，其主语和宾语不属于同类。‎ This fruit contains a lot of vitamins.‎ 这个水果含有丰富的维他命。‎ hold vt. 表示“容纳；盛有……”；表示“里面装有……”时可与contain互换。‎ This room can hold 50 people.这间屋子能容纳50人。‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)用include的适当形式填空 ‎①Our group has ten students, Tom .‎ ‎②We will learn 7 subjects this term, PE.‎ ‎(2)单项填空 ‎ Even if they didn’t the cost of food in the tour, it’s still a cheap vacation to the U.S.‎ A. Hold B. contain C. share D. Include 解析：(1)①included ②including ‎(2) 选D。根据句意可知用“包括”。而contain多用来强调所包含的内容本来就是物体固有的一部分。‎ 重点短语 ‎8. die out ‎ 灭绝；逐渐消失；灭亡 联想拓展 die for渴望；很想 ‎ die to do 渴望；很想 die away（尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失;停止 die down （兴奋、激动等情绪）渐弱；渐息；平息 die off （家族，种族等）相继死亡；（草木）枯死 die from/of 因……而死；通常由疾病、饥寒、情感原因造成的死亡用die of,除此之外的原因用die from。‎ Many species will soon die out if we don’t take action.‎ 如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝。‎ Many old customs have died out.‎ 许多旧的风俗已不复存在。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 ‎①This kind of plants are . Some day they ‎ will forever. ‎ A. dying off；die out B. dying away；die off C. dying down；die out D. dying out；die away ‎②Unfortunately, the soldier died a wound in the chest. ‎ A. from B. out ‎ C. off D. down ‎(2)用die的相关短语填空 ‎ ‎①The noise of the car in the distance.‎ ‎②The old traditions are .‎ ‎③The man a wound.‎ ‎④I’m something to eat. ‎ 解析:(1)①选A。前面句子用了进行时，表示正在灭亡，故用die off。后面表示有一天会永远消失，故用die out。‎ ‎②选A。根据句意此处soldier死的原因应该是胸部受伤。‎ ‎(2)①died away ②dying out ③died from ‎④dying for ‎ ‎9. protect ...from ... ‎ 保护……免受……，后接较小的事情或危害，如：frost, harm, catching cold。‎ 联想拓展 protect ...against ...后接较大的事情，如：战争、灾害、重税、威胁等。‎ keep sb. from doing sth. prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sb. doing sth.使某人一直做某事 defend ...from/against保卫……以抵御…… ‎ 易混辨析 ‎ defend/protect/guard/preserve ‎ defend 保卫；防护；防守（含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思）；protect 常含有提供安全的方式来驱开不适、伤害或进攻的意思；guard 含有看守的意思；preserve 指采取措施维护、保护、保存。‎ You must learn to protect yourself from the danger.‎ 你必须学会保护自己，免遭危险。‎ She had to defend herself against the guard dog. ‎ 她不得不防备看门狗咬她。‎ A policeman was guarding the entrance to the embassy.‎ 一位警察正守卫在大使馆出口处。‎ It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order.警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 Use the umbrella to yourself from the rain. ‎ A. prevent B. protect ‎ C. defend D. protection ‎ 解析：选B。prevent sb. from doing sth.防止某人干某事，意思类似于stop/keep sb. from doing sth.；protect sb. from sth.保护某人免遭伤害；defend保卫；防护；防守（含有采取措施抵制进攻的意思）。‎ ‎10. pay attention to ‎ 注意 联想拓展 bring sth. to one’s attention 使某事引起某人注意 call/draw one’s attention to sth. 使某人注意某事 draw/catch/attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意 fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on sth. ‎ 集中注意力于某事物 You should pay attention to your spelling.‎ 你要注意自己的拼写。‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎ ‎①他的提议没有引起任何注意。‎ No attention his advice. ‎ ‎②他提醒我注意一些新的证据。‎ He some new evidence. ‎ 答案：①was paid to ‎②called/drew my attention to ‎11. come into being ‎ 形成；产生（不可用于被动语态或进行时）‎ 联想拓展 come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在 come into effect/force/operation开始生效；开始实施 come into use 开始被使用 come into power上台执政 come into fashion 开始流行 come into office 就职 come into action 开始行动 We do not know when this world came into being. ‎ 我们不知道世界是何时形成的。 ‎ 高手过招 单项填空 Before the computer , people could never imagine it could bring about such great changes to human life. ‎ A. came into being B. was discovered C. was come into being D. was formed ‎ 解析：选A。句意为：在电脑出现之前，人们绝不会想到它会给人类的生活带来如此巨大的变化。电脑不能说是“被发现”或“被形成”的，排除B、D两项。come into ‎ being不能用于被动语态和进行时，排除C项，故选A。 ‎ 重点句型 ‎12. Why are they in danger of disappearing?‎ 它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中？‎ 常用结构：‎ in danger (of) 在危险中 be in danger of 有……的危险 be out of danger 脱离危险 The girl’s life was obviously in immediate danger.‎ 很明显,这女孩的生命危在旦夕。‎ The sick man is in danger of death. 这位病人有死亡的危险。‎ The wounded policeman is now out of danger.‎ 受伤的警察已脱离危险。‎ 联想拓展 be a danger to sb./sth. 危险的人/因素 be dangerous for 对……有危险 endanger vt. 危害，危及 endangered adj. 有危险的；濒临灭绝的 ‎ 高手过招 完成句子 ‎①他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。‎ He is losing his job if he goes on like this.‎ ‎②警察说这个男人对于公众来说是个危险分子。‎ The police said the man was the public.‎ 答案： ①in danger of ②a danger to ‎13. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans come into being.‎ 千百万年前，恐龙就在地球上生活，比人类的出现要早得多。‎ long before ...在……之前很长一段时间 I knew the news that they were invited to the party, long before you told me.‎ 早在你告诉我之前很久我就知道他们被邀请来参加晚会的消息了。‎ 答案：They had known each other long before I knew them. ‎