【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit2Unit3Computers学案(3) 13页

必修2 Unit 3 Computers导学案（教师版）‎ ‎ ‎ 学习目标 ‎（一）掌握本单元的重点单词和短语。‎ ‎（二）了解计算机和机器人的历史和基本知识。‎ ‎（三）语法：现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎（四）学会做决定和推理的基本语言。‎ 学习策略 通过自主探究，小组合作，巩固词汇，增强阅读能力，了解计算机、机器人等现代科技。‎ 预习案 一.写出下列词汇：‎ ‎1.算盘abacus 2.简化simplify　3.合逻辑的logical 4.人造的artificial ‎5.私人的personal 6.应用application 7.计算calculate 　　8.探索explore ‎ ‎9.技术technology 10.智力intelligence 11.总的tolal　12.电子的electronic ‎ 二.找出以下短语：‎ ‎1)和…有共同点have sth in common 2)把…和…比较compare…with…‎ ‎3)根据according to 4)计算出，解决work out (figure out)‎ ‎5)把…按顺序排列put …in an order 6)听起来简单sound simple ‎ ‎7)作为…的开始 begin as 8)在那时at that time ‎9)解决问题solve problems 10)随着时间的推移as time goes by ‎11)结果as a result 12)与…连接connected by ‎13) 和…分享share sth with sb 14) 和，而且 as well as ‎15)提供给某人某物provide sb with sth 16) 充满 be filled with ‎17) 一种高质量的生活a life of high quality ‎ ‎18)一个忠诚的朋友a devoted friend ‎19）从……起from…on 20）在……的帮助下with the help of ‎ ‎21）处理，对付deal with 22) 看守，监视watch over ‎ 三.翻译句子 ‎1. I begin as a calculating machine in France in 1642.‎ ‎1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算器。‎ ‎2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ 我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, ‎ I never forget anything I have been told.‎ 随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！‎ ‎4. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.‎ 我的储存量变得如此巨大，连我自己都不能相信！‎ ‎5.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.‎ 我能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。‎ ‎6. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ 不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。‎ 探究案 学习目标：掌握本单元重点单词、短语和句型。‎ 一、重点单词 ‎1. calculate （v.） 计算，核算，推测，估计 ‎1) It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life 要计算出他对她的影响那是不可能的。‎ ‎2) 我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。‎ We haven’t calculated how much we will spend on the holiday.‎ 常用词组：calculate on= depend on 指望 calculator (n.)计算器 calculation (n.)计算 calculating (adj.)斤斤计较个人得失的，自私的 ‎2. personally （adv.） 就个人而论 ‎1) 就我个人来说，我是反对他的建议的。 ‎ Personally, I was against his suggestion.‎ ‎2)她不喜欢这个计划，但我本人觉得还可以接受。‎ Although she doesn’t like the plan, personally, I think it acceptable.‎ ‎3. totally（adv.）= completely 完全地，全部地，整个地 ‎1) 那个镇子在地震中完全被毁了。‎ The town was totally destroyed in the earthquake.‎ ‎2) 他们来自完全不同的文化。‎ They are from the totally different cultures.‎ total（adj.）全部的 in total 总计 The repairs came to over 500 yuan in total. 修理费总共500元。‎ ‎4. signal （n.）信号，暗号（v.）发信号，打暗号 ‎1)红灯常被用作危险的信号。‎ Red light is used as the warning signal.‎ ‎2)小偷用信号警告同伴警察来了。‎ The thief signaled to his fellows that the police were coming.‎ ‎5. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ anyhow=anyway 无论如何, 反正，即使如此 ‎1）反正，这辆二手车是值得买的。‎ Anyhow, this old car is worth buying.‎ ‎2）It’s possible that I’m not fit to be a teacher just as you say, but _____,I’ll have a try.‎ A. somehow B. anyway C. therefore D. otherwise 二、重点短语 ‎1. in common 共同的(地), 共有的(地) 常与have连用 have nothing in common 无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处 have something in common 有一些共同之处 have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 ‎1) You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common.‎ 你知道，玛丽，你和我有一个共同之处。‎ ‎2) 我突然感觉到我们有很多共同点。‎ I suddenly feel that we have a lot in common.‎ ‎2. as a result 结果；终于；因此 ‎1)结果，他只得放弃。‎ As a result, he had to give up.‎ ‎2) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______, he could neither eat nor sleep.‎ A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise ‎3. compare with ‎ 翻译：‎ ‎1) Compare this one with that one.‎ 把这个和那个作比较。‎ ‎2) We often compare children to the nation’s flowers. ‎ ‎ 我们常常把孩子比作祖国的花朵。‎ ‎【归纳用法】‎ compare A with B 把A与B比较 compare A to B 把A比作B 注意：当compare的过去分词短语作状语时，与with或to搭配都表示“与…相比”‎ e.g ：Compared with (to) many of your classmates（与其他许多同学相比较）, you are very lucky.‎ ‎4. make up 编造，补足，化妆，组成 理解：指出各句中划线部分的意思。‎ ‎(1)Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medical team.组成 ‎(2)The student made up an excuse for his being late.编造一个借口 ‎(3)The girl makes herself up in the morning. 化妆 ‎(4) He soon made up for the lessons he had missed.补足 注意：作“组成”时,常用被动结构be made up of (由……组成)‎ Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medial team. ‎ ‎=The medial team was made up of five doctors and ten nurses.‎ ‎5. deal with 处理，对付，涉及 ‎1)我不知道如何来对付这些淘气的男孩。‎ I don’t know how to deal with these naughty boys.‎ ‎2)你应该认真地处理这个问题。‎ You should deal with the problem attentively.‎ 注意：deal with与do with在表示“处理”这一意思时，‎ deal with与how连用，而do with与what连用。‎ ‎3) Last summer he taught us _____poisonous(有毒的) gas.‎ A. how did we deal with B. what did we deal with C. how we dealt with D. what we dealt with ‎6. watch over看守，监视，保护，留神，照管，照料 ‎1)我度假时你能帮我照料我的狗吗？‎ Could you watch over my dog while I am on holiday?‎ ‎2)请你去游泳吧，我来照管这些衣服。‎ Go swimming please, and I’ll watch over the clothes.‎ 联想: watch out (for) = look out (for) 警惕、密切注意 ‎7. In 1963 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.‎ 注意： 主动形式make sb. do sth.‎ 被动形式sb. be made to do sth.‎ ‎1) My parents have always made me feel good about myself.‎ ‎(feel/to feel)‎ ‎2)The black workers were made to do the heavy work in those days. (do/to do)‎ ‎8.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.‎ share sth. with sb. 和某人分享、分担某事 ‎1) It’s always better to _____your worries and problems.‎ A. enjoy B. share C. like D. appreciate ‎2）如果你能让我搭车(give me a lift)，我将和你分担费用。‎ I’ll share the fees with you if you can give me a lift.‎ ‎9．in a way 在某种程度上；从某一角度看(相当于in one/some way)。‎ In a way, our programmer is like our coach.‎ 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。(P23)‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎(1) in a way在某种程度上 ‎ ‎(2) in the way挡住去路；碍事、妨碍 ‎(3) on one's way to在去……的路上 ‎ ‎(4) on the way在途中 ‎(5) in the way顺便说(问) ‎ ‎(6) by way of通过、经由。‎ ‎(7) in this way通过这种办法 ‎ ‎(8) in no way决不 ‎(9) any way无论如何,不管怎样 ‎ [练一练]用way的相关短语填空。‎ ‎⑴ Perhaps he should have said nothing，but any way it was his duty.‎ ‎⑵ I’m sorry but your leg is in the way.‎ ‎⑶ I got caught in the heavy rain on my way home home.‎ 三、重点句型 ‎1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ ‎“ It took/was +一段时间+ before从句” 意为 “过……后才……”‎ ‎1）过了五小时我们才到达村庄。‎ It was 5 hours before we reached the village.‎ ‎2）The research will take Joan and Jack about five months, it will be a long time ______we meet them again.‎ ‎ A. after B. before C. since D. when ‎ ‎2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant,‎ I never forget anything I have been told.‎ And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.‎ 句型：so… that…“如此……以致于……”引导结果状语从句 ‎(1) so + adj/adv+that从句 ‎(2) so + adj+ a/an+单数名词+that从句 ‎(3) so + many/much/few/little+名词+that从句 拓展：such… that…“如此……以致于……”也可以引导结果状语从句 ‎(1)such +a/an+ adj+单数可数名词+that从句 ‎(2) such + adj+复数可数名词+that从句 ‎(3) such +不复数名词+that从句 ‎[考例1] The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. ‎ A. really B. such C. too D. so ‎[考例2] I haven’t seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like. ‎ A. such B. very C. so D. too ‎[考例3] She is______ a lovely girl that we all like her.‎ A. such B. very C. so D. too ‎[考例4] She was in ______ a hurry that she forgot the ticket.‎ A. such B. very C. so D. too 注意：与 too…to… 句型的相互转换 He is too old to carry the box.‎ ‎=He is so old that he can’t carry the box.‎ ‎=He is such an old man that he can’t carry the box.‎ 四．语法：现在完成时的被动语态 ‎（一）概念【观察与思考】‎ ‎1.Our classroom has been cleaned，so you needn't clean it now.‎ ‎2.The letters have not been typed by now.‎ ‎3.Have the clothes been washed?‎ ‎（二）现在完成时被动语态的构成 ‎ 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式和否定式的构成 have(has) been done ‎（三）现在完成时的被动语态的用法 ‎1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）‎ ‎2．在过去发生的一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。‎ 这台机器已经使用了三年了。‎ The machine has been used for 3 years.‎ 这部车修了多长时间了？‎ How long has the car been repaired?‎ ‎（四）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题 ‎1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have(has)和been，两者缺一 不可。‎ He has repaired the computer. Have they painted the door?‎ ‎→The computer has been repaired by him. →Have the door been painted?‎ ‎2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。‎ ‎(1)一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；(2)而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：‎ The house was built last year.这房子是去年建造的。‎ The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。‎ ‎3．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join 等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。‎ How long has this dictionary been borrowed？(×)‎ ‎ (换动词keep) How long has this dictionary been kept?‎ ‎4. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly等副词通常置于have/has和been的中间。如：‎ Such a man has been hardly believed. (×)‎ 正: Such a man has hardly been believed.‎ ‎5．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：‎ The police have looked into the problem. →The problem has been looked into by the police.‎ 检测案 一．Choose the best answer according to the sentences.‎ ‎1. My brother works at the power station that __ in my hometown.‎ A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up ‎2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off.‎ ‎ A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told ‎3. ---- How long ____ at this job?---- Since 1990.‎ A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed ‎4. When to go for the holiday ____ yet.‎ ‎ A. is not decided B. was not decided ‎ C. is not being decided D. has not been decided ‎5. Betty___ injured since last Saturday.‎ ‎ A. has been B. was C. is 　D. has ‎6. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___. ‎ ‎ A. have been taken place; are being set up ‎ B. have taken place; have been set up ‎ C. are taken place; had been set up ‎ D. took place; will set up ‎ ‎7. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese.‎ ‎ A. had translated B. has translated ‎ C. was translated D. has been translated ‎ ‎8. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks?‎ ‎ A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown ‎ C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted 二．There is a mistake in each sentence, can you find it out and correct it?‎ ‎1. A personal computer has∕﹨ bought. ‎ ‎ been ‎2. Sailing races will be hold on the lake tomorrow.‎ ‎ held ‎3. Children will not be allow to make a noise in the museum.‎ ‎ allowed ‎4. Many problems has been found with our new computer.‎ ‎ have ‎5. The computer has∕﹨ used every day since we bought it. ‎ ‎ been ‎6. A lot of e-mails had been written in the past 5 years. ‎ ‎ have 三. 书面表达.‎ 根据以下内容，用英语写一篇短文.题目：Life in the future ‎1. 人们可能到火星(Mars)和其它星球(planet)上度假。‎ ‎2. 科学家可能会生活在海底进行研究。‎ ‎3. 每家都有可视电话(videophones)。‎ ‎4. 孩子们可在家通过电视和广播(radio)接受教育。‎ ‎5. 机器人(robot)为你做家务。‎ 要求：词数，100字左右。可适当增加细节是行文连贯。‎ Life in the future Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be like? ‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎ 必修2 Unit 3 Computers导学案（学生版）‎ 学习目标 ‎（一）掌握本单元的重点单词和短语。‎ ‎（二）了解计算机和机器人的历史和基本知识。‎ ‎（三）语法：现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎（四）学会做决定和推理的基本语言。‎ 学习策略 通过自主探究，小组合作，巩固词汇，增强阅读能力，了解计算机、机器人等现代科技。‎ 预习案 一.写出下列词汇：‎ ‎1.算盘　　　　 2.简化　　　　 3.合逻辑的　　 　 4.人造的　　 　　‎ ‎5.私人的　　　 6.应用　　　　　 7.计算　　 　 8.探索　 总数 ‎9.技术　　 　 10.智力 　　　　　11.总的　　　　　12.电子的　　　　 ‎ 二.找出以下短语：‎ ‎1)和…有共同点 2)把…和…比较 ‎ ‎3)根据 4)计算出，解决 ‎ ‎5)把…按顺序排列 6)听起来简单 ‎ ‎7)作为……的开始 8)在那时 ‎ ‎9)解决问题 10)随着时间的推移 ‎ ‎11)结果 12)与…连接 ‎ ‎13) 和…分享 14) 和，而且 ‎ ‎15)提供给某人某物 16) 充满 ‎ ‎17) 一种高质量的生活 18)一个忠诚的朋友 ‎ ‎19）从……起 20）在……的帮助下 ‎ ‎21）处理，对付 22) 看守，监视 ‎ 三.翻译句子 ‎1. I begin as a calculating machine in France in 1642.‎ ‎2. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ ‎3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.‎ ‎4. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.‎ ‎5.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.‎ ‎6. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ 探究案 学习目标：掌握本单元重点单词、短语和句型。‎ 一． 重点单词 ‎1. calculate （v.） 计算，核算，推测，估计 ‎1) It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎2) 我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ 常用词组：calculate on= depend on 指望 calculator (n.)计算器 calculation (n.)计算 calculating (adj.)斤斤计较个人得失的，自私的 ‎2. personally （adv.） 就个人而论 ‎1) 就我个人来说，我是反对他的建议的。 ‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎2)她不喜欢这个计划，但我本人觉得还可以接受。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎3. totally（adv.）= completely 完全地，全部地，整个地 ‎1) 那个镇子在地震中完全被毁了。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎2) 他们来自完全不同的文化。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ total（adj.）全部的 in total 总计 The repairs came to over 500 yuan in total. 修理费总共500元。‎ ‎4. signal （n.）信号，暗号（v.）发信号，打暗号 ‎1)红灯常被用作危险的信号。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎2)小偷用信号警告同伴警察来了。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎5. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.‎ anyhow=anyway 无论如何, 反正，即使如此 ‎1）反正，这辆二手车是值得买的。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎2）It’s possible that I’m not fit to be a teacher just as you say, but _____,I’ll have a try.‎ A. somehow B. anyway C. therefore D. otherwise 二． 重点短语 ‎1. in common 共同的(地), 共有的(地) 常与have连用 have nothing in common 无共同之处 have little in common 几乎无共同之处 have something in common 有一些共同之处 have a lot in common 有许多共同之处 ‎1) You know, Mary, you and I have one thing in common.‎ ‎ _______________________________________________‎ ‎2) 我突然感觉到我们有很多共同点。‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ ‎2. as a result 结果；终于；因此 ‎1)结果，他只得放弃。‎ ‎_________________________________‎ ‎2) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ______, he could neither eat nor sleep.‎ A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise ‎3. compare with ‎ 翻译：‎ ‎1) Compare this one with that one.‎ ‎2) We often compare children to the nation’s flowers. ‎ ‎【归纳用法】‎ compare A ______ B 把A与B比较 compare A ______ B 把A比作B 注意：当compare的过去分词短语作状语时，与with或to搭配都表示“与…相比”‎ e.g ：___________________________（与其他许多同学相比较）, you are very lucky.‎ ‎4. make up 编造，补足，化妆，组成 理解：指出各句中划线部分的意思。‎ ‎(1)Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medical team. _____‎ ‎(2)The student made up an excuse for his being late. ________‎ ‎(3)The girl makes herself up in the morning. __________‎ ‎(4) He soon made up for the lessons he had missed. _________‎ 注意：作“组成”时,常用被动结构be made up of (由……组成)‎ Five doctors and ten nurses made up the medial team. ‎ ‎=The medial team ______________ five doctors and ten nurses.‎ ‎5. deal with 处理，对付，涉及 ‎1)我不知道如何来对付这些淘气的男孩。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________‎ ‎2)你应该认真地处理这个问题。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 注意：deal with与do with在表示“处理”这一意思时，‎ deal with与how连用，而do with与what连用。‎ ‎3) Last summer he taught us _____poisonous(有毒的) gas.‎ A. how did we deal with B. what did we deal with C. how we dealt with D. what we dealt with ‎6. watch over看守，监视，保护，留神，照管，照料 ‎1)我度假时你能帮我照料我的狗吗？‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2)请你去游泳吧，我来照管这些衣服。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________‎ 联想: watch out (for) = look out (for) 警惕、密切注意 ‎7. In 1963 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.‎ 注意： 主动形式make sb. do sth.‎ 被动形式sb. be made to do sth.‎ ‎1) My parents have always made me_____good about myself.‎ ‎(feel/to feel)‎ ‎2)The black workers were made_________the heavy work in those days. (do/to do)‎ ‎8.I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.‎ share sth. with sb. 和某人分享、分担某事 ‎1) It’s always better to _____your worries and problems.‎ A. enjoy B. share C. like D. appreciate ‎2）如果你能让我搭车(give me a lift)，我将和你分担费用。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎9．in a way 在某种程度上；从某一角度看(相当于in one/some way)。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________ ‎ 从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。(P23)‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎(1)______________ 在某种程度上 ‎ ‎(2)________the way挡住去路；碍事、妨碍 ‎(3)________ one's way to在去……的路上 ‎ ‎(4)________the way在途中 ‎(5)________the way顺便说(问) ‎ ‎(6)________way of通过、经由。‎ ‎(7)________this way通过这种办法 ‎ ‎(8)________no way决不 ‎(9) way无论如何,不管怎样 ‎ [练一练]用way的相关短语填空。‎ ‎⑴ Perhaps he should have said nothing，but ________ it was his duty.‎ ‎⑵ I’m sorry but your leg is _____________.‎ ‎⑶ I got caught in the heavy rain _____________ home.‎ 三． 重点句型 ‎1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as analytical machine by Charles Babbage.‎ ‎“ It took/was +一段时间+ before从句” 意为 “过……后才……”‎ ‎1）过了五小时我们才到达村庄。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________‎ ‎2）The research will take Joan and Jack about five months, it will be a long time ______we meet them again.‎ ‎ A. after B. before C. since D. when ‎ ‎2. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.‎ And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it.‎ 句型：so… that…“如此……以致于……”引导结果状语从句 ‎(1) so + adj/adv+that从句 ‎(2) so + adj+ a/an+单数名词+that从句 ‎(3) so + many/much/few/little+名词+that从句 拓展：such… that…“如此……以致于……”也可以引导结果状语从句 ‎(1)such +a/an+ adj+单数可数名词+that从句 ‎(2) such + adj+复数可数名词+that从句 ‎(3) such +不复数名词+that从句 ‎[考例1] The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room. ‎ A. really B. such C. too D. so ‎[考例2] I haven’t seen Ann for ______ long that I’ve forgotten what she looks like. ‎ A. such B. very C. so D. too ‎[考例3] She is______ a lovely girl that we all like her.‎ A. such B. very C. so D. too ‎[考例4] She was in ______ a hurry that she forgot the ticket.‎ A. such B. very C. so D. too 注意：与 too…to… 句型的相互转换 He is too old to carry the box.‎ ‎=He is ______old _______ he can’t carry the box.‎ ‎=He is_______an old man ________ he can’t carry the box.‎ 四．语法：现在完成时的被动语态 ‎（一）概念【观察与思考】‎ ‎1.Our classroom has been cleaned，so you needn't clean it now.‎ ‎2.The letters have not been typed by now.‎ ‎3.Have the clothes been washed?‎ ‎（二）现在完成时被动语态的构成 ‎ 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式和否定式的构成 ‎________________________________________‎ ‎（三）现在完成时的被动语态的用法 ‎1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）‎ ‎2．在过去发生的一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。‎ 这台机器已经使用了三年了。‎ The machine ___________________________ for 3 years.‎ 这部车修了多长时间了？‎ How long___________ the car ___________________?‎ ‎（四）使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题 ‎1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 _______和_______，两者缺一 不可。‎ He has repaired the computer. Have they painted the door?‎ ‎→___________________________ →_____________________________‎ ‎2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。‎ ‎(1)一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；(2)而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：‎ ‎_______________________________________________这房子是去年建造的。‎ ‎_________________________________________________这房子已经建好了。‎ ‎3．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。‎ How long has this dictionary been borrowed？(×)‎ ‎(换动词keep)____________________________________________‎ ‎4. 副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly等副词通常置于have/has和been的中间。如：‎ Such a man has been hardly believed. (×)‎ 正:_____________________________‎ ‎5．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如：‎ The police have looked into the problem.→______________________________‎ 检测案 一．Choose the best answer according to the sentences.‎ ‎1. My brother works at the power station that __ in my hometown.‎ A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up ‎2. ---_____ the sports meet will be put off.‎ ‎ A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told ‎3. ---- How long ____ at this job?---- Since 1990.‎ A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed ‎4. When to go for the holiday ____ yet.‎ ‎ A. is not decided B. was not decided ‎ C. is not being decided D. has not been decided ‎5. Betty___ injured since last Saturday.‎ ‎ A. has been B. was C. is 　D. has ‎6. Great changes___ in my hometown and a lot of factories ___. ‎ ‎ A. have been taken place; are being set up ‎ B. have taken place; have been set up ‎ C. are taken place; had been set up ‎ D. took place; will set up ‎ ‎7. It’s said that this book___ into Chinese.‎ ‎ A. had translated B. has translated ‎ C. was translated D. has been translated ‎ ‎8. Have you ever___ to the exhibition which ___for three weeks?‎ ‎ A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown ‎ C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted 二．There is a mistake in each sentence, can you find it out and correct it?‎ ‎1. A personal computer has bought. ‎ ‎2. Sailing races will be hold on the lake tomorrow.‎ ‎3. Children will not be allow to make a noise in the museum.‎ ‎4. Many problems has been found with our new computer.‎ ‎5. The computer has used every day since we bought it. ‎ ‎6. A lot of e-mails had been written in the past 5 years. ‎ 三. 书面表达.‎ 根据以下内容，用英语写一篇短文.题目：Life in the future ‎1. 人们可能到火星(Mars)和其它星球(planet)上度假。‎ ‎2. 科学家可能会生活在海底进行研究。‎ ‎3. 每家都有可视电话(videophones)。‎ ‎4. 孩子们可在家通过电视和广播(radio)接受教育。‎ ‎5. 机器人(robot)为你做家务。‎ 要求：词数，100字左右。可适当增加细节是行文连贯。‎ Life in the future Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be like? ‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎