2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit2Theuniversallanguage单元学案设计（25页） 31页

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修八Unit2The universal language单元学案设计 话题词汇 ‎1.amusement n.娱乐 ‎2.applaud v.鼓掌欢迎 ‎3.appreciate v.欣赏 ‎4.award n.奖品；奖金 ‎5.concert n.音乐会 ‎6.hit n.(演出等)成功；打击 ‎7.performance n.演出；表演 ‎8.compose a song创作歌曲 ‎9.make a hit流行 ‎10.cooperate with与……合作 话题佳作 假如你是李华，你最喜欢的歌手Justin Bieber(贾斯汀·比伯)下个月将到你们市演出。近日你准备和几个朋友成立Justin Bieber的歌迷俱乐部。请你给你的加拿大笔友Freddy发一封email，表明你们喜欢Justin Bieber的理由，并希望Freddy就如何办好歌迷俱乐部提供一些建议。‎ 佳作欣赏 Dear Freddy，‎ I’m glad to tell you that Justin Bieber，my favorite singer，will come ‎ to our city to perform next month.‎ I’m so pleased at the news that I decide to form a Justin Bieber fan club with some of my friends recently.All of us like him and enjoy his songs very much.He is very charming and fantastic! His songs make us feel the true love.We can sing most of his songs and would like to know more about him.But we don’t know what we should do，and where we can pick up some useful information about him and his performing plans.Could you give us some advice?‎ Look forward to your reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 名师点睛 本文要点齐全，逻辑清晰。第一段交代写作内容：Justin Bieber下个月将来演出；第二段作者提出了计划以及对Justin Bieber及其歌曲的看法并提出了要求；第三段提出期望。 行文中作者正确熟练地运用了be pleased at，pick up，look forward to等一些高级词汇及so...that...引导的结果状语从句、宾语从句和祈使句等句式，增强了文章的可读性。‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1.universal adj.共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的 ‎2.stubborn adj.固执的，顽固的 ‎3.dare vt.&vi.&aux.敢于，胆敢 ‎4.disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的 disturb vt.打扰，扰乱 disturbed adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的 ‎5.unwilling adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的 ‎6.demand vt.强烈要求；需要；n.要求；需求 demanding adj.要求高的，苛求的 ‎7.evident adj.清楚的，显然的 evidently adv.明显地，显然地 ‎ evidence n.证据，根据 ‎8.scold vt.训斥，责骂 ‎9.merciful adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的 mercifully adv.仁慈地；宽恕地；宽容地 mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；宽容 ‎10.collection n.作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走 collect vt.收集，收藏 ‎11.tendency n.倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向 tend vi.往往，趋向；vt.照看 ‎12.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的 ‎ gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地 ‎13.decline n.衰落，衰败；减少；vi.&vt.衰落，下降；婉言谢绝 ‎14.seek vt.&vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求 ‎15.prejudice n.偏见，成见；vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎16.cast vt.&vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向……投以(视线、笑容)‎ ‎17.awesome adj.极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的 ‎18.condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责 ‎19.seize vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占 ‎20.dawn n.黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽 ‎21.deadline n.最后期限，截止日期 ‎22.unite vt.&vi.联合，团结；统一 ‎23.grand adj. 宏大的，壮丽的，堂皇的，隆重的 ‎24.broken adj.破损的，受伤的；中止了的；不连续的 ‎25.unemployment n.失业 ‎26.symphony n.交响乐，交响曲 ‎27.bachelor n.单身汉，未婚男子；学士 ‎28.folk adj.民间的，民俗的；n.人们；亲属(尤指父母)‎ ‎29.chart n.图表；海图；vt.记录；制订；绘制(地图)‎ ‎30.root n.起源，起因；根，根茎 ‎31.slavery n.奴隶身份；奴隶制 slave n.奴隶 ‎32.format n.形式；格式；版式 ‎33.trend n.趋势，动向 ‎34.discrimination n.歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力 discriminate vi.& vt.歧视；区分 ‎35.scream vi.尖叫，高声喊；呼啸；n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1.There wasn’t enough evidence(evident) to prove him guilty.‎ ‎2.Even though he was guilty，the merciful(mercy) judge did not send him to prison.‎ ‎3.They finally freed themselves from slavery(slave).‎ ‎4.I gradually(gradual) learned what we all need is to think more like customers.(2015·广东)‎ ‎5.Music has been called the universal(universe) language.‎ ‎6.His collection(collect) of paintings is the most impressive.‎ ‎7.The increasing unemployment(employ) caused social unrest(社会动荡).‎ ‎8.Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding(demand) customers.(2015·北京)‎ ‎1.be set in以……为背景 ‎2.be condemned to something被处以某种刑罚 ‎3.ask for somebody’s hand in marriage(向女方)求婚 ‎4.fall in love相爱，坠入爱河 ‎5. at first sight初次见面；乍一看 ‎6.take on呈现 ‎7. be transformed into被变成/改变成 ‎8.leave out省略；遗漏 ‎9. participate in参加；参与 ‎10. split up分手；分裂；破裂；离婚 ‎11. take a brief look at简要回顾 ‎12.spring up突然兴起，迅速出现 ‎13.combine...with...与……相结合/融合 ‎14.go crazy变得疯狂 ‎15. break up破裂，解散；破碎 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ Once upon a time，there was a young man named Dick，who 1.fell in love with(爱上) the princess of the castle 2.at first sight(初次见面).He 3.asked for her hand in marriage(向她求婚) and promised whatever 4.sprung up(出现) in the future，he would love her.The King had to give in to love.Years later，unluckily the princess got a serious illness.Dick became a general and he wanted to marry a beautiful maiden in secret.However，the princess got the secret and was very sad.Soon they 5.broke up(分手).The King got very angry，so Dick 6.was condemned to death(被处以死刑).His body ‎ was 7.split up(分裂) by five horses.‎ ‎1.find＋宾语＋宾补 The emperor finds the death disturbing.‎ 皇帝为死人的事而感到不安。‎ 仿写　我觉得这本书十分乏味。‎ I find the book very boring.‎ ‎2.to后省略动词 However，although he would like to，he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.‎ 但是，虽然他很想收回这一承诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。‎ 仿写　我不想去那里，但不得不去。‎ I didn’t want to go there，but I had to.‎ ‎3.before引导的状语从句 Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.‎ 不幸的是，普契尼还没完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高·阿法奴来完成。‎ 仿写　不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。‎ Before I could say a word，she had rushed out of the room.‎ ‎ promise v.承诺；有……的希望 n.允诺；诺言；希望；征兆 ‎(1)I’m writing to express my regret at being unable to go to the bookstore with you next weekend，which I have promised.‎ 我写信表达下周末我不能和一起去书店的遗憾。我答应了和你一起去的。(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎(2)If you make a promise，you should carry it out.‎ 如果你许下了诺言，你就应该遵守。‎ ‎(3)I might have to break my promise.‎ 我可能不得不违背我的诺言。‎ ‎(1)promise sb.sth.＝promise sth.to sb.答应给某人某物 promise (sb.) to do sth.答应(某人)做某事 promise (to be)＋n./adj.有希望……；可能……‎ carry out/keep a promise/live up to one’s promise遵守/履行诺言 make a promise许下诺言 break one’s promise食言，违背诺言 ‎(2)promising adj.有前途的，有发展前景的 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The new movie promises to be(be) one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.‎ ‎(2)Nowadays mobile Internet devices are pushing up demands for online education，which makes people see it as one of the most promising(promise) new markets.‎ ‎(3)I promise to return(return) your bicycle on good condition.‎ ‎(4)He promised the money to his son.‎ ‎ demand vi.& vt.强烈要求，需要 n.要求，需求 ‎(1)He demands that he should be told everything.‎ 他要求将一切都告诉他。(牛津词典)‎ ‎(2)They demanded to know what I had been doing.‎ 他们要求知道我一直在干什么。‎ ‎(3)Science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.‎ 在中国理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。‎ ‎(1)demand (of sb.) to do...要求(某人)做……‎ demand that...(should) do...要求……‎ as demanded正如所要求的 on demand一经要求 in demand需求大 ‎(2)demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；吃力的 demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”；作名词引导表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中也用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)As demanded in our company，these goods should sign the order in Shenzhen and be paid in RMB.‎ ‎(2)My demand is that the information referred to in my report (should) be emailed(email) to Mr.Brown without delay.‎ ‎(3)He found he could no longer cope with this demanding(demand) job.‎ ‎(4)Passengers must show their tickets on demand.‎ ‎ decline n.衰落；衰败；减少；下降 v.衰落；减少；下降；婉言谢绝 ‎(1)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.‎ 我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。‎ ‎(2)Last year saw a decline in the effective demand for steel.‎ 去年，钢铁的实际需求下降了。‎ a decline in在……方面下降 in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路 decline to do...拒绝做……‎ ‎(1)decline后可接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词。‎ ‎(2)decline表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接to accept，以免语义重复。‎ ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)There has been a steady decline in public services over recent years.‎ ‎(2)Thankfully，this is a disease that is now on the decline.‎ ‎(3)He declined to answer(answer) my questions.‎ ‎[单句改错]‎ ‎(4)The population is 或the decline.‎ ‎ seek vt.& vi.试图，设法；征询，寻求；探索，探寻 ‎(1)We are always seeking to improve productivity.‎ 我们一直在设法提高生产率。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)Mr.Li went to Taipei to seek his fortune by himself when he was eighteen years old.‎ 李先生十八岁时，只身前往台北寻出路。‎ seek (after/for) sb./sth.寻找某人/某物 seek out找出；挑出 seek to do sth.设法(试图)做某事 seek one’s fortune寻找发财机会；谋求出路 seek one’s advice/help/assistance征求某人的建议/寻求帮助 seek (for) a solution to the problem 寻求解决问题的方案 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)They are urgently seeking for/after the post where they are well paid.‎ ‎(2)The couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens.‎ ‎(3)Corbett resolved to seek out the truth.‎ ‎(4)Having sought(seek) for a solution to the problem for several days，they finally found one.‎ ‎(5)Local schools are seeking to reduce(reduce) the dropout rate.‎ 写作能力提升——[高考小作文]‎ ‎(6)作为一个聪明的学生，你应该努力寻求方法来提高那些在学习上使用的技能，主要是阅读和写作。如果你学会了更好地阅读和写作，那么会有极大的好处来回报你学习的各个方面。‎ As a smart student，you should seek to improve those skills that you use in study，chiefly reading and writing.If you learn to read better and write better，there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.‎ ‎ cast v. 选派角色；投射；向……投以(视线、笑容)；投掷；抛 ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)Casting a glance at(朝……看了一眼) me，he went on reading the letter.‎ ‎(2)He was much cast down(非常沮丧) at the moment.‎ ‎(3)He was cast as the role of the prince(被选派为王子的角色).‎ ‎(4)She cast a welcoming smile(投以欢迎的微笑) in his direction.‎ ‎(5)Having been cast in one movie(已出演过一部电影)，the actress proved herself to be talented in acting.‎ 名师点拨 cast down意为“使……沮丧”，后面必须带宾语，若没有宾语，则用被动语态。‎ ‎ decorate vt.装饰；修饰；布置 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He does jobs for me like painting and decorating(decorate).‎ ‎(2)Christmas is drawing near and the classrooms are decorated with balloons and flowers.‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(3)她在圣诞树上放了一些装饰品。‎ She put some decorations on the Christmas tree.‎ ‎(4)关于如何装饰房间，迈克尔犹豫不决。‎ Michael was indecisive about how to decorate the room.‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)be decorated with为……所装饰 ‎(2)decoration作“装饰”解时，是不可数名词；作“装饰品，装饰物”解时，是可数名词。‎ ‎ condemn v.谴责；指责；宣判；迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)They were condemned to a life of hardship.‎ ‎(2)We condemned him for his bad behavior.‎ ‎(3)Those who can not learn from the past are condemned(condemn) to repeat it.‎ 名师点拨 condemn sb.for...因……而指责某人 be condemned to...判处……‎ be condemned to do...注定要做……‎ ‎ at first sight初次见面；乍一看 ‎[短语填空]‎ ‎(1)He lost his sight in a traffic accident.‎ ‎(2)At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter till the train was out of sight.‎ ‎(3)At first sight，it seems a silly question.‎ ‎(4)I caught sight of my former teacher just now，but he turned at a corner and I lost sight of him.‎ 名师点拨 lose sight of意为“(因视线模糊或距离远等)看不见”；lose one’s sight意为“失明”，两者意义不同。‎ ‎ put up竖起，建造，搭建；举起；留宿；提高；张贴；提出(意见等) ‎[写出下列句子中put up的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)She put up a notice about the school trip to Italy.张贴 ‎(2)Several of the banks have decided to put up their interest rates.提高 ‎(3)I was wet before I could put my umbrella up.举起 ‎(4)Would you be able to put me up for the night when I come to London？留宿 ‎(5)Clare first put up the idea of holding a concert to raise money for the school.提出 ‎(6)They are putting up several new buildings in that block.建造，搭建 ‎ However，although he would like to，he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.‎ 但是，虽然他很想收回这一承诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。‎ ‎(1)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my apologies.‎ ‎——去向你妈妈道歉，戴夫。‎ ‎——我想去，但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。(2015·江苏)‎ ‎(2)—Is your father a reporter?‎ ‎—No，but he used to be.‎ ‎——你父亲是记者吗？‎ ‎——不是，但他过去是。‎ 为了避免重复， to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)—Will you go home tomorrow evening?‎ ‎—No，I’m going to a lecture，or at least I’ m planning to(正计划去).‎ ‎(2)—You came late last night.You ought to have finished your homework.‎ ‎—I know I ought to have(本应该完成).‎ ‎(3)—What’s the matter with Della?‎ ‎—Well，her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to(希望去).‎ ‎ Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.‎ 不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高·阿法奴来完成。‎ ‎(1)Before the training was introduced,66% of setfree birds died of electrocution.‎ 在引入这个训练之前，66%的放飞的鸟死于触电。(2016·北京)‎ ‎(2)It was a long time before I got to sleep.‎ 过了好长时间我才睡着。‎ ‎(3)It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.‎ 没过多久他就把这件事告诉了我。‎ ‎(1)句中before引导了一个时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。除此之外，还可以表示“……(之后)才……；不久就……；不等……就……；以免”。‎ ‎(2)句型归纳：‎ ‎①It won’t be...before...用不了多长时间就会……(before从句用一般现在时)‎ ‎②It will be...before...得过多久才……(before从句用一般现在时)‎ ‎③It wasn’t...before...没过多长时间就……(before从句用一般过去时)‎ ‎④It was...before...过了多长时间才……(before从句用一般过去时)‎ 基础知识训练——[写出下列句子中before的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)Before he came here，he was in England.在……之前 ‎(2)It will be some time before we know the full results.得过多久才……‎ ‎(3)Before we had walked five miles，Anne complained of sore feet.不到……就 ‎(4)Put that away before it gets broken.以免 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(5)Before long he realized what he did was wrong.(用It wasn’t...before...改写)‎ It was not long before he realized what he did was wrong.‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 The worldfamous opera，Turandot，is the story of a stubborn and cruel Chinese princess,1.named(name) Turandot.In order to avoid 2.marriage(marry)，she says that any potential husband must answer all three riddles correctly 3.or die.A handsome prince，named Calaf，says that he will solve the riddles and marry her.Meanwhile，Liu，a young slave of Calaf’s father，expresses her love for Calaf.Then the story takes 4.on a classic love triangle 5.between Calaf，Turandot and Liu.Calaf goes to Turandot without introducing 6.himself(he).Although Calaf answers Turandot’s questions 7.correctly(correct)，she is greatly upset by this.8.Seeing(see) this，Calaf says that 9.if she can guess his name by sunrise，she will not have to marry him.In order to learn his name，Turandot seizes Liu，asking for the name.10.Unfortunately(fortunate)，Liu kills herself.But at the end of the story，the prince and Turandot unite in marriage，and the whole city celebrates their happiness.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 During the late part of the 19th century，black musicians used folk ‎ song to create a kind of music called the blues.But the blues lacked variety and was very sad and slow that it was not suitable to dance to.However，there sprung up a faster kind of music called jazz.Louis Armstrong，one of the fathers of the jazz，made it more popular in his time.‎ From the early 1930s to the early 1950s，traditional jazz went into a gradually decline，and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues，that was thought of as a form of AfricanAmerican music.It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz to the older blues sound.During early 1950s，one particular style became popular—rock and roll.One of the first rock and roll musicians were Big Joe Turner.He was a black American singer started out performing jazz in the 1920s.‎ 答案 During the late part of the 19th century，black musicians used folk to create a kind of music called the blues.But the blues lacked variety and was sad and slow that it was not suitable to dance to.，there sprung up a faster kind of music called jazz.Louis Armstrong，one of the fathers of the jazz，made it more popular in his time.‎ From the early 1930s to the early 1950s，traditional jazz went into a decline，and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues， was thought of as a form of AfricanAmerican music.It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz the older blues sound.During early 1950s，one particular style became popular—rock and ‎ roll.One of the first rock and roll musicians Big Joe Turner.He was a black American singer out performing jazz in the 1920s.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于态度改变)‎ ‎1.汤姆对妇女的歧视受到很多人的责备和谴责。‎ ‎2.后来，他逐渐认识到自己的错误。‎ ‎3.开始寻求别人的原谅。‎ ‎4.他强烈要求人和人之间应互相尊重。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Tom’s discrimination against women was scolded and condemned by many people.Later，he gradually realized his mistake and began to seek for others’ forgiveness.He strongly demanded that everyone should respect each other.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．They actively seek to be(be) part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.(2016·江苏)‎ ‎2．Well before the arrival of freezers，there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎3．Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned(condemn)without considering other influences.(2015·广东)‎ ‎4．A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.(2016·北京)‎ ‎5．We found him waiting(wait) to receive us.‎ ‎6．It is no fun working(work) inside when the weather is so nice.‎ ‎7．He had pressed the button before we stopped him.‎ ‎8．He serves as a clerk in a bank.‎ ‎9．As he grows you also age，and your ambitions become more unachievable.(2016·天津)‎ ‎10．I recognized him at first sight.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 A ‎ (2017·湖南师范大学附中摸底考试)‎ Music is magic! Music speaks louder than words and it is a “language” that the whole world can understand.A piece of music can produce a response in the heart and mind.Like feeling an electrical current or receiving a personal radio signal，music has a spiritual effect on a person.Different kinds of music influence people in different ways.‎ I have listened to music all my life.When I was twelve years old，the Beatles came to America and my whole world opened up.Maybe young people today cannot understand the influence of the Beatles when they exploded across America.Their influence changed the way we dressed，looked，acted and spoke...even our culture.The Beatles arrived in America from the UK just under three months after the assassination(暗杀) of President John ‎ Kennedy，which had put America into a great depression.And the freshness and lively spirit of the Beatles was exactly what the country needed to refresh itself.‎ Music links the heart of the hearer with that of the composer.This means that it mixes the spirit of the composer with your spirit when you listen to it.And the music can take your spirit out of your body and transport you into another world.Music has a great way of touching people.Music can make you laugh，cry or shout.It’s also a great source of inspiration.‎ Try this one day and notice what happens: make yourself a cup of tea，sit on your sofa and play one of your favorite songs.Close your eyes，and soon you’ll find yourself creating vivid mental images—matching the music that you are listening to.‎ ‎11．Music has magical power because it .‎ A．is a kind of language ‎ B．can be played much louder than words C．receives a personal radio signal D．can influence a person’s spirit 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句中的“music has a spiritual effect on a person”可知，选D。‎ ‎12．One can learn from the second paragraph that the Beatles .‎ A．were the biggest band in American history B．are not accepted by modern American people C．appeared at a special time in American politics D．represented the roots of American culture 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知the Beatles出现在美国政治一个特殊的时期——美国总统肯尼迪被杀。故选C。‎ ‎13．One will do all of the following while listening to music EXCEPT .‎ A．feeling very refreshed B．having emotional changes C．painting some vivid pictures D．feeling inspired by the composer 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句及第三段最后两句可排除A、B、D三项。故选C。‎ ‎14．It can be inferred from the passage that the author .‎ A．has been influenced by the Beatles B．enjoys drinking tea in his spare time C．admires President John Kennedy very much D．likes to match his own feeling with that of the composer ‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知作者深受the Beatles的影响。故选A。‎ B ‎(2017·甘肃通渭马营中学月考)‎ The mysterious human ancestor called Homo naledi(纳莱迪人) was primed for success in a prehistoric triathlon，new research shows—if the challenges were walking upright，climbing trees，and handily wielding tools.‎ Based on fossils retrieved from South Africa’s Rising Star cave，two teams reconstructed the locomotor habits(运动习惯) of Homo naledi，reported Tuesday in Nature Communications.With funding from National Geographic，one took a close look at 107 foot bones，the other at 26 bones from a nearly complete right hand.‎ In most respects，the H．naledi foot looks surprisingly like a modern human’s.Its ankle joint，parallel big toe and wide heel bone belong to a striding biped(两足动物)，a creature fully adapted to efficiently walking upright on two legs.But its lower arch and curved toe bones are more apelike.‎ The hand，with its curved fingers，indicates that H．naledi were strong climbers—and yet the long，strong thumb and shockabsorbing wrist could also have been capable of manipulating tools(though no tools have been found yet)．‎ It’s a mix of features scientists hadn’t seen clearly yet in the genus Homo，to which modern humans belong，particularly when it comes to H．naledi’s pronounced arboreal proclivities.‎ ‎“H.naledi had a unique form of locomotion for a member of the genus Homo，” says study author William HarcourtSmith of CUNY’s Lehman College.‎ 语篇解读　‎ 本文属于说明文。文章介绍通过研究化石，研究人员发现纳莱迪人的脚和手已经进化得和人类很相似了。‎ ‎15．How do people learn about Homo naledi?‎ A．By studying on fossils. B．By meditation.‎ C．By locomotor habits. D．By data base.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Based on fossils retrieved from South Africa’s Rising Star cave，two teams reconstructed the locomotor habits(运动习惯) of Homo naledi，...”可知，人们是通过化石了解纳莱迪人的。故选A。‎ ‎16．Which of the following statements is RIGHT according to the passage?‎ A．Scientists have enough evidence to make sure that Homo naledi could make tools.‎ B．Homo naledi had a unique form of locomotion so they don’t belong to genus Homo.‎ C．Some features of Homo naledi can show that they are thoroughly modern human.‎ D．There exist some differences between Homo naledi and modern human.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s a mix of features scientists hadn’t seen clearly yet in the genus Homo，to which modern humans belong，particularly when it comes to H．naledi’s pronounced arboreal proclivities.”可知，纳莱迪人同现代人还是有区别的，故选D。‎ ‎17．What is the role of National Geographic?‎ A．The sponsor. B．The scholar.‎ C．The scientist. D．The detector.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“With funding from National Geographic”可以看出它充当赞助者的角色。故选A。‎ ‎18．Which picture can TRULY show the foot of Homo naledi?‎ A. B. ‎ C. D. ‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Its ankle joint，parallel big toe and wide heel bone belong to a striding biped(两足动物)，a creature fully adapted to efficiently walking upright on two legs.But its lower arch and curved toe bones are more apelike.”可知，C的图片更符合原文的描述：平行大脚趾，宽根骨。故选C。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·江西师范大学附属中学月考)‎ A castle is a type of fortified(加固的)structure 19 (build)in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages.This is different from a palace 20 is not fortified，though there are a large number of 21 (similarity)among these types of construction.Since then usage of the term 22 (apply)to diverse structures.‎ The European castles 23 (origin)in the 9th and 10th centuries，resulting in its land divided among nobles，who built castles to control the area 24 (surround)them.The castles were also 25 (defense)structures.Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies，the structures also served 26 centers of administration and symbols of power.Urban castles were 27 (usual)used to control the local people and important travel routes， 28 rural castles were often built near farmland.‎ ‎19．答案　built 解析　此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，故填built。‎ ‎20．答案　which/that 解析　此处a palace作先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故填which/that。‎ ‎21．答案　similarities 解析　a large number of后面跟可数名词复数，故填similarities。‎ ‎22．答案　has been applied 解析　根据Since then可知用现在完成时态，再根据句意可知用现在完成时态的被动语态，故填has been applied。‎ ‎23．答案　originated 解析　根据后面的in the 9th and 10th ‎ centuries可知用一般过去时，故填originated。‎ ‎24．答案　surrounding 解析　句意为：环绕它们的地区。此处是现在分词作后置定语，故填surrounding。‎ ‎25．答案　defensive 解析　形容词修饰名词，故填defensive。‎ ‎26．答案　as 解析　固定词组：serve as充当，担任，故填as。‎ ‎27．答案　usually 解析　副词修饰动词，故填usually。‎ ‎28．答案　and/while 解析　此处介绍的是城市城堡和农村城堡，既可表示递进关系也可表示比较关系，故填and/while。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·河北石家庄二中联考)‎ It is five years now since I graduate from High School. Last Saturday, the class that I was on held a gettogether, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a properly time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, talk about the people and things they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad for further education. Besides, they called back or sent greeting card from different places.‎ 答案　‎ It is five years now since I from High School.Last Saturday，the class that I was held a gettogether，which took us a long time prepare.It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a time for all of us.We all enjoyed this precious day greatly， about the people and things were familiar with.It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone abroad for further education.，they called back or sent greeting from different places.‎ ‎29．答案　graduate→graduated 解析　考查动词时态。句意为：自从我高中毕业，现在已经5年了。It is ＋时间段＋since引导的时间状语从句结构中，从句要使用一般过去时。故graduate应改为graduated。‎ ‎30．答案　on→in 解析　考查介词搭配。句意为：上周六，我所在的班级组织了一次聚会。在哪个班级使用 in。故on改为in。‎ ‎31．答案　time后加to 解析　考查不定式。take sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事。故time后加to。‎ ‎32．答案　去掉the 解析　考查固定词组。get in touch with sb.与某人取得联系，故定冠词the多余。‎ ‎33．答案　properly→proper 解析　考查形容词。此处修饰名词time，形容词修饰名词，故properly应改为proper。‎ ‎34．答案　talk→talking 解析　考查非谓语动词。句意为：我们都很喜欢这宝贵的一天，谈论着我们熟悉的人和事。talk与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故应使用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎35．答案　they→we 解析　考查代词。根据上下文及句意可知，此处应指“我们熟悉的人和事”。故they改为we。‎ ‎36．答案　which→that 解析　考查连词。句意为：遗憾的是，我们中的一些人因为出国深造而没能出席我们的聚会。由句意及句子结构分析可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句句子成分齐全，故应使用只起连接作用的连词that，which在引导从句时要充当一定的句子成分。故which应改为that。‎ ‎37．答案　Besides→However 解析　考查连词。根据前后句意可知，前后为转折关系，且连词与主句有逗号隔开，故应使用转折连词however。‎ ‎38．答案　card→cards 解析　考查名词。句意为：然而，他们从不同的地方打来电话或发来贺卡。card为可数名词，故此处应使用复数形式cards。‎