【英语】2018届人教版选修六一轮复习：Unit4Globalwarming单元学案设计（22页） 28页

‎2018届人教版选修6一轮复习：Unit4Global warming 单元学案设计 一 单元话题阅读 Global Warming: Whose Problem is it Anyway?‎ It no longer seems to make a difference who started the global warming problem, and by “problem,” I am referring to the likely enhancement of the naturally occurring greenhouse effect as a result of human activities. Those activities primarily center on the release of carbon dioxide through the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Other heat-trapping greenhouse gases include methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). ‎ In their march to industrialization, rich countries have basically saturated the atmosphere with these heat-trapping gases. Each year, the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (arguably the most important of the greenhouse gases) increases by more than a part per million by volume. Doesn’t that sound infinitesimal? It does to me. But, infinitesimal concentrations become significant when accumulating in the atmosphere year after year, as carbon dioxide has since the onset of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700s. ‎ As we settle into the 21st century, new major greenhouse-gas-producing nations are appearing on the scene, such as India and China. They want to develop their economies, and they have a right, as well as a responsibility, to their citizens to do so. But they are also going to be emitting a larger share of heat-trapping gases, overtaking the industrialized countries that have been the dominant producers of greenhouse gases in the past. Now what? ‎ A couple of decades ago, I chose to divide the observers of global warming into three groups: hawks, doves and owls. In the mid-1980s, there were some hawks (those who are convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that human activities not only can, but also are, altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere in ways that influence global climate); some doves (those who believe that Earth’s atmosphere is so robust that it can absorb any insult that humans might do to it. Besides, if it gets really ‎ serious, either technology will save us, or we Americans can move north into Canada); and mostly owls (those who lean either toward the hawks’ or the doves’ view, but are still not sure what the truth is). ‎ Twenty-five years later, the hawks have increased in number, while the doves are about the same with maybe a few more vocal personalities. And the owls’ numbers have reduced due to new scientific information — appearing in the media alongside scary photos of disintegrating ice sheets in the Antarctic and depletion of sea ice in the Arctic, stories about a seeming increase in various “superstorms,” and advertisements from Shell and BP telling us that they too are worried about global warming. ‎ Since 1985, however, another category has emerged: the ostrich. The ostriches include those who refuse to think about global warming as a problem, who refuse to consider any new scientific research, and who think that someone somewhere will solve this problem before it becomes a crisis. ‎ Global warming is not a hoax. It actually happens naturally. Industrialization processes in rich countries and now in developing ones are abetting the naturally occurring greenhouse effect. ‎ Some say we are spinning out of control, pointing to the Arctic as a “canary in the global warming mine.” The Inuit are worried. They are on the proverbial firing line, according to scientists who remind us that a 1 degree warming in the mid-latitudes will be associated with a 3 to 4 degree warming in the higher latitudes. What we are hearing from the scientists is that we are at or near tipping points — irreversible thresholds of change — for certain species, countries and civilizations. ‎ But although we talk a lot about doing something about global warming, we do not have a whole lot of meaningful action. “Let them eat carbon dioxide” seems to be the current response of various governments, despite words of concern. Is anyone trying to cut back on carbon dioxide emissions? ‎ Cutting back on carbon dioxide production is much easier to say than to do. The task of cutting back worldwide is made much more difficult because of the virtual lack of participation of the United States as a leader on the global warming issue in ‎ the international community. It is hard to keep bailing out the water at one end of a sinking boat, while someone at the other end insists on drilling holes in the hull. ‎ The business community, at-risk cities and island nations are increasingly calling for action to combat human-induced global warming. What is needed? Only an active government policy around which a coalition can rally will thoroughly address the complex issue. ‎ Alas, the issue demands government leadership from the “bully pulpit” that calls for and wholeheartedly supports an all-out “war on global warming.” In my view, it is the only way to address the global warming problem with some sense of optimism. ‎ Societies need to find new and more efficient ways to fuel their growing economies. The wars on crime, prostitution, alcohol, drugs and even terror are not really winnable wars. They are not winnable in the sense that views on these issues represent underlying differences of opinion. However, the physics of the atmosphere suggests that we (civilizations) are on a collision course with Mother Nature, and if atmospheric science is correct, there is little time for delay. ‎ The war on global warming should begin now. With government support (moral and financial) and a search for new ways to keep our industries progressing without adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, there is a real chance for the global community to pull together. ‎ Technology alone, especially if it is expected to be applied only at the proverbial 11th hour, can’t save us from many of the projected and foreseeable negative impacts of global warming. For an example of thinking ahead, take the Netherlands. ‎ The Dutch have successfully fought off the floods of the North Sea for centuries, with few breaches in recent times (1953 comes to mind). The Netherlands have even contracted with the U.S. federal government for a few hundred million dollars, to assist in developing levees that can withstand certain intensities of tropical storms around New Orleans. ‎ Despite their levee-making skills, however, the Dutch know their limits. The Netherlands is now working to develop a “Hydropole,” a city that can live on the ‎ rising waters. They know they need to do something to protect the 70 percent of the country that is below sea level, when a warmer atmosphere leads to rising seas. ‎ Other countries need to follow by accepting the potential changes that lie ahead, and working now to plan for those changes and to curb actions that would otherwise fuel more change. Only with an aggressive war on global warming, supported by the entire international community of nations and with participation of the United States, can we learn to live within the guidelines of nature, respecting her thresholds of change by choosing not to cross them.‎ The greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape back into space and Earth’s average temperature would be about 60ºF colder. Because of how they warm our world, these gases are referred to as greenhouse gases.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from escaping. This causes the greenhouse to heat up, much like the inside of a car parked in sunlight, and keeps the plants warm enough to live in the winter.‎ ‎ The Earth’s atmosphere is all around us. It is the air that we breathe. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere behave much like the glass panes in a greenhouse. Sunlight enters the Earth's atmosphere, passing through the blanket of greenhouse gases. As ‎ it reaches the Earth's surface, land, water, and biosphere absorb the sunlight’s energy. Once absorbed, this energy is sent back into the atmosphere. Some of the energy passes back into space, but much of it remains trapped in the atmosphere by the greenhouse gases, causing our world to heat up.‎ ‎ ‎ The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.‎ 二 单元基础词汇回顾 ‎1. It is a rapid increase compared to most natural changes. ‎ ‎1．vt. 比较；对照。如： Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right. 把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。 My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s. 我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。 ‎ ‎2．vt. 喻为；比拟。如： Man’s life is often compared do a candle.‎ 人生常被比为蜡烛。 ‎ Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.‎ 莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。 ‎ compare…with…表示“把……与……相比（同类相比）” compare…to… 表示“把……比做……（异类相比，比喻）” compared to /with 与……相比, 只能作状语 ‎2.How has this come about and does it matter?‎ come about : 发生，造成 相当于happen When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about. I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. Do you know how the air accident came about? ‎ ‎3. There is no doubt that….‎ 一、作不可数名词,作"疑惑;怀疑”‎ ‎①肯定句中doubt多接whether (一般不用if代替) 同位语从句。如: ‎ There's some doubt whether he'll keep his promise. 他会不会信守诺言还难说。 ‎ She had her doubts whether the new book would sell well. 她怀疑新书是否会畅销。‎ ‎②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如: ‎ There is no doubt that they will ask you for help. 毫无疑问,他们会请你帮忙的。 ‎ I have no doubt that you will succeed. 我毫不怀疑你会成功的。 ‎ 二、作及物动词常用于下列句型中,作"怀疑;不能肯定;不大相信"解,一般不用进行时态。‎ ‎①用于否定句或疑问句,后接that引导的宾语从句。如: ‎ I don't doubt that he is telling the truth. ‎ 我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。 ‎ Do you doubt that he will win the match? ‎ 你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗? ‎ ‎②用于肯定句,一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句.如: ‎ I doubt whether we will make a profit out of it. 我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。 ‎ We doubt if she will be persuaded. ‎ 我们不知道她会不会被说服。 ‎ ‎4. He found that the amount of carbon dioxide keep on increasing during that time.‎ ‎①amount n. 数量 习惯用语：‎ an amount of 相当数量的; 一些 修饰不可数名词 amounts of 相当数量的; 一些 修饰不可数名词 large amounts of money 大量的金钱 ‎②keep on 继续 +doing sth.‎ 他们虽然很累了，还是继续工作。‎ They keep on working although they are tired.‎ ‎5. result in result in 结果; 致使; 导致 主语：起因 in 的宾语：结果 Acting before thinking always results in failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。‎ The accident resulted in the death of two people.这场意外事故造成两人死亡。‎ result from 起于, 由于, 由…引起，‎ 主语： 结果 from 的宾语：起因 His sickness resulted __in____eating too much. (in / from)‎ ‎6．concern ‎ 一、concern作动词 ‎① v.使担心；使关心；使烦恼 ‎ ‎ The boy's poor performance at school concerned his parents. ‎ 这个男孩在学校很差的表现，使他父母很担心。 ‎ ‎ 注意：其过去分词concerned通常作形容词用，意为“担心的；烦恼的；忧虑的”。‎ The concerned parents were all concerned for the children's safety. ‎ 忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧。 ‎ ‎②涉及；与……有关或相关 Attend to what concerns you. 注意与你有关的事物。‎ 注意：其过去分词concerned常用来作表语，意为“和……有关；牵涉”；而作定语，则意为“有关的”。 ‎ It is reported that the pop singer is concerned with selling drug.‎ 据报道，那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。 ‎ He asked all concerned to take an active part in helping the girl. ‎ 他要求所有相关的人积极帮助那个女孩。 ‎ 二、concern作名词 ‎ 有关……的事（可数） ‎ ‎ That's my concern, so I'll do as I like about it. 那是我的事，因此，我想怎么做就怎么做。 ‎ 关怀；关心（不可数） ‎ Some people don't show much concern for our environment. 有些人不太关心我们的环境。‎ 担心；担忧 ‎ She showed great concern about you.‎ 她很为你担心。‎ ‎7. range range v.排列, 使成行；偏袒，站在…的方面。‎ ‎ n. ：范围(尤指从…到…各种种类,可供选择的范围等，可加不定冠词) ；排列 beyond the range of… 超越……的范围 out of one’s range 某人达不到的 这家商店商品品种多。‎ The shop keeps a wide range of goods.‎ v.排列, 使成行；偏袒，站在……的方面。‎ 主要搭配为：+名词/代词；+介词+名词/代词；‎ 常可用于: 1. 被动结构 ‎ 2. range oneself；‎ ‎ 3. range from… to … / between…and … 从……到……不等。‎ 老师令其学生沿着小径排队。‎ The teacher _________________along the path.‎ 温度在15度到35度之间。‎ The temperature__________________________.‎ 我们应当列身于法律与秩序的一边。‎ We should __________________ on the side of law and order.‎ Keys：ranged his students；ranges from 15 to 35 degrees；range ourselves ‎8. build up 逐步建立，增加，增进 build up one’s fortune build up one’s strength build up the business This built up my hope after the interview.‎ Sediment (沉淀物)builds up on the ocean floor.‎ Keys：累积财富；；养精蓄锐；develop 扩大, 发展； 增加, 支持, 树立；collect 累积, 收集 ‎ ‎9.Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one being carbon dioxide.‎ the most important one being carbon dioxide 是一个独立主格结构，由名词+分词构成，在句中做补充说明或伴随的状况。‎ ‎________________(时间允许的话)，I will show you around the city.‎ ‎_________________(今天是星期天)，I don’t have to go to work.‎ ‎___________________________(没有人要说的话)，the meeting was closed.‎ Keys：Time permitting；Today being Sunday；Nobody having any more to say ‎10．Without the ‘green house effect’，the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.‎ 这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for，but that，otherwise，or，but等。 ‎ Without your help ( = If we had not had your help)，we could not have succeeded．‎ 要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。‎ ‎11. make a difference ‎ make a difference(1)有很大差别, 有很大不同(2)有很大的关系/影响 make some/ no difference to对...有些/没有关系 That makes no difference to me.‎ 那对我没有影响。‎ Exercise can make a great difference to your health.‎ 锻炼对你的健康产生很大的影响。‎ ‎12. put up with ‎ put up with 忍受;忍耐;受苦 That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with. 作为家庭主妇,那女人得忍受很多烦恼。‎ 知识拓展 put aside 节省(钱、时间);储蓄;把……放在一边 ‎ put away 收拾起来;储存(钱);喝掉 ‎ put back 放回原处;拖延 put down 写下;记下;控制 ‎ put forward 提出(意见、建议);推荐 ‎ put off 延期;推迟 put on 假装;增加;上演(戏剧) ‎ put out 熄灭;使忧虑;扑灭;出版 put up 举起;张开(伞);张贴;为……提供食宿 ‎ ‎13. so long as / as long as as long as 只要，如果 As long as there is life there is hope. ‎ 留得生命在,不怕没希望. ‎ You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock. ‎ 你可以出去,只要你答应在11点以前回来. ‎ I'll accept any job as / so long as I don't have to get up early. ‎ 只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受. ‎ 在用as / so long as连接的从句中,当其谓语为be,而主语和主句的主语相同时,则从句的主语和be可以省略。如: ‎ I'm sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care. 我深信只要在他的保护下,我们就会平安无事. ‎ 二 单元语法回顾：强调句结构 常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。 ‎ 一、It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。‎ It is from the sun that we get light and heat. It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.‎ Karl bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday．卡尔在玛瓦生日那天给她买了一辆自行车。  It was Karl that／who bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday．（强调主语）  It was Marva for whom Karl bought a bicycle on her birthday．（强调间接宾语）  It was a bicycle that Karl bought Marva on her birthday．（强调直接宾语）‎ 注意区别强调句中的that／who分句与定语从句：  It was the student that／who asked the silly question．是一个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。（分裂句）  He was the student who asked the silly question．他就是问了这么一个愚蠢问题的学生。（划线部分是定语从句） ‎ 二、not ... until ... 的强调形式: It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... “直到…才…”， 主要用于强调时间状语的强调句型。 ‎ We did not begin studying French until we entered university．我们进了大学才开始学法语。 要强调until we entered university，就成了：  It was not until we entered university that we began studying French． ‎ ‎______ the 18th century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind．  A. During B. In C. It was until D. It was not until ‎ D对。直到十八世纪，人们才意识到：心理活动与整个大脑有关。‎ ‎ 三、强调句的疑问句句型 ‎1.强调句的一般疑问句句型:‎ Is / Was +it +所强调的部分+that / who/ whom +其它?‎ ‎2.强调句的特殊疑问句句型:‎ 特殊疑问词 + is/was it  that / who/ whom+其它 ?‎ Why is it that you hate winter？你究竟为什么不喜欢冬天？  ‎ How was it that you missed such a wonderful lecture？你怎么会错过这么精彩的报告？  When was it that they went abroad？他们什么时候出国的？ ‎ 四、判断强调句的方法 判断是否是强调句是，可把 It is / was …that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。‎ It was in the street that I met her father. ‎ ‎→In the street I met her father. ‎ It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.‎ ‎→Because she was ill, they didn’t ask her to do the job.‎ Exercises 一、根据划线部分把下列句子变成强调句。‎ ‎1. Peter lent us the money.‎ ‎2. They want money.‎ ‎3. All this happened on Monday.‎ ‎4. I didn’t hear form her until last summer.‎ ‎5.Why does everyone think I am narrow-minded？ ‎ Keys：‎ ‎1. It was Peter who lent us the money.‎ ‎2. It is money that they want.‎ ‎3. It was on Monday that all this happened.‎ ‎4. It was not until last summer that I heard from her.‎ ‎5.Why is it that everyone thinks I am narrow-minded？‎ 二、Multiple choices ‎1. It was in this village ___ I was brought up.‎ ‎ A. where B. that C. on which D. which ‎2. Is it the factory______ this type of cars are produced?‎ A. which B. where C. that D. /‎ ‎3. It was _____ the old worker came that we _____ the experiment.‎ A. until; didn’t begin B. not until; began C. until began D. not until; didn’t begin ‎ ‎4. It was in the lab ___was taken charge of by Mr. Harris ____they did the experiment.‎ A. which，that B. that，which ‎ C. that， whom D. which，where ‎5. It was ___he did ___frightened me.‎ A. what，that B. that，that ‎ C. what，what D. that，what ‎6. _____ on Monday night that all this happened?‎ A. Is it B.? It is ‎ C. Was it D. It was Keys：BBBAAC 三 单元写作 Choose a topic from the list that you feel strongly about. Make notes on your topic using headings similar to the table in the reading task. Use the passage as a model.‎ Writing tips:‎ Step 1: Write out the thesis statement. (point of view)‎ Step 2: Write out the topic sentence of the first body paragraph.‎ Step 3: Give the supporting points and details about the first subtopic.‎ Step 4: Write out the topic sentence of the second body paragraph.‎ Step 5: Give the supporting points and details about the second subtopic. (more body paragraphs ...)‎ A sample version:‎ The Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels There is no doubt that fossil fuels bring a lot of good to us. But do you know that many of the environmental problems our country faces today result from our fossil fuel dependence.‎ The environment faces air pollution, global warming, acid rain, and several other very serious problems because of our use of fossil fuels. Over the last 150 years, burning of fossil fuels has resulted in more than 25 percent increase in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. ‎ Carbon dioxide is one of the main factors in global warming which is negatively affecting everyone. ‎ Fossil fuels also affect water pollution, land pollution, and thermal pollution (heat pollution). Coal mining is one of the causes of pollution in the environment. After the mining is completed, the land will remain barren. Materials other than coal are also brought to the surface in the coal mining process and these are left as solid wastes.‎ The production, transportation, and use of fossil fuels are to blame for the effects of pollution on the environment. Then what should we do? We should spare no effort to improve our environment. Please save energy and use fewer fossil fuels in our daily lives.‎ 单元综合知识运用 第二部分：语言知知和运用 第一节：完形填空　（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共22.5分）‎ You don’t mean any harm. You’re just trying to have a good time. But do you know how your overseas vacation 21 people in other countries? What’s your dream vacation? New chances are opening up all the time to 22 the world. So we visit travel agents, compare prices and pay our money. We know 23 our vacation costs us. 24 unfortunately, tourism often harms the local people ‎ ‎25 it helps them. For example, in Zanzibar, a British company got 57 sq km of land from the government for tourist sites（旅游胜地）. They include 14 luxury hotels, three golf courses , swimming pools and an airport. The local people fear 26 their farmland and fishing rights. And most of the profits（利润） do not help the local people. 27 , profits go for the tour operators in wealthier countries. When the Massey people in Tanzania were driven from their lands, some moved to city slum (贫民区), 28 now make a little money by selling small gifts. Removed from their hunting lands, the Indians have no choice 29 their culture. Problems like these were observed more than 20 years ago. Now people are working together to correct them. Tourists, too, are 30 the pressure. The beginnings are small, 31 , but the results are obvious. The good news is that everyone, 32 can play a part to help the local people in the place we visit. Tour operators and companies can help by making sure that local people work in good 33 and earn reasonable wages. They can make it a point to use only locally 34 hotels, restaurants and guide services. They can share profits fairly to help the local economy. And they can involve the local people 35 planning and managing tourism.‎ ‎21. A. effect B. affect C. cause D. involve ‎22. A. exploit B. invent C. find D. explore ‎23. A. what B. how C. which D. how many ‎24. A. However B. But C. Yet D. Otherwise ‎25. A. more than B. other than C. less than D. rather than ‎26. A. losing B. missing C. disappearing D. dismissing ‎27. A. Instead B. Instead of C. In place of D. Opposite ‎28. A. the other B. others C. the others D. some other ‎29. A. but “sell” B. except “sell” C. but to “sell” D. but “selling”‎ ‎30. A. holding on B. putting on C. lying on D. setting up ‎31. A. but B. although C. though D. as ‎32. A. included us B. us including C. includes us D. us included ‎33. A. state B. condition C. states D. conditions ‎34. A. owned B. possessing C. belonged to D. owning ‎35. A. on B. at C. in D. for 第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填在答题卡上标号为36--45的相应位置。‎ My village is in the southwest of England, 36 is a very beautiful area in the country. In the north of this area there are hills. In the south there are several villages on the coast, 37 (surround) half of the hills. In the east there are woods and in the west there are more hills. There are several islands 38 the south coast, 39 fishermen go to catch fish. My village is 40 (locate) on the River Test and has a 41 of 750 people. It lies 15 kilometers to the east of Hope, the nearest town. A new road runs into the village and separates it 42 two parts. It is famous for its cheese. My house is part of an old farm. Before, my father used to keep animals in it, but now the building has been 43 (change) into a house. There is an 44 (attract) garden in front of my house. I grow many kinds of flowers and vegetables in it. In the summer days my family often stay there in the open air and cook our meals. Can you imagine (45) (live) in such a wonderful place?‎ 第三部分：阅读（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节：阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）‎ A There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (复杂性) of spelling.‎ If spelling becomes the only focal (焦点的) point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.‎ I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors ‎ and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动机) to seek improvement.‎ ‎46. Teachers are different in their opinions about _________.‎ A .the difficulties in teaching spelling B. the role of spelling in general language development C. the complexities of the basic writing skills D. the necessity of teaching spelling ‎47. The underlined expression “play safe” probably means ________. ‎ ‎ A. to write carefully B. to do as teachers say ‎ C. to use dictionaries frequently D. to avoid using words one is not sure of ‎ ‎48. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ____________.‎ ‎ A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely ‎ B. students will have more confidence in writing ‎ ‎ C. students will have less trouble in correcting mistakes ‎ D. students will learn to be independent of teachers ‎49. The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is __________.‎ ‎ A. unfair B. reasonable C. foolish D. careless ‎50. The major point discussed in the passage is ___________.‎ ‎ A. the importance of developing writing skills ‎ ‎ B. the complexities of spelling ‎ C. the correct way of marking compositions ‎ ‎ D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition ‎ B WHO FOUNDED READER’S DIGEST AND WHEN?‎ As De Witt Wallace lay in bed recovering from injuries that he unfortunately came by in World War I, he found there was a wealth of interesting information to read. Realizing few people would have the time to get through all this information, he knew exactly what to do. In 1920, this young American submitted a sample magazine containing shortened articles to publishers across America. All turned him down.‎ Undeterred, De Witt and his new bride Lila Bell Acheson published the first issue of Reader’s Digest in February 1922.Working from home, the Wallaces printed 5,000 copies, which were sold by mail to 1,500 people and priced at 25 cents. From these humble beginnings grew the world’s most widely read magazine.‎ WHAT HAPPENED NEXT?‎ The magazine became popular and, by 1935, sales topped one million. In 1938, the first international edition was published in the United Kingdom. During World War II, editions were published for the first time in Latin America and Sweden. After the war Reader’s Digest moved into Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Africa and Switzerland. In 1950, Reader’s Digest published its shortened Books (now known as Select Editions in Australia). In 1959,music, the first non-print product line, was introduced. In 1962, Reader’s Digest revolutionized direct mail by introducing easy-to-enter Sweepstakes and a year later the first Reader’s Digest general book was published. In 1986, video was added to the Reader’s Digest product line up.‎ AND WHAT ABOUT NOW?‎ In 1973, the Wallaces gave up active management of Reader’s Digest. De Witt died in 1981 aged 91; Lila in 1984 aged 94. With no heirs to the Wallace empire to take control, Reader’s Digest became a public company in the early 1990s and is now headed by a Chief Executive Office and Chairman of the Board.‎ ‎51. What is the purpose of De Witt Wallace creating the earliest magazine?‎ ‎ A. To offer people information. B. To become wealthy.‎ ‎ C. To make known the harm of wars. D. To turn down uninteresting stories.‎ ‎52. When did De Will make his first trial of the magazine?‎ ‎ A. Before World War I . B. In 1920. C. In 1922. D. In 1935.‎ ‎53. What does the underlined word “humble” mean?‎ ‎ A. Noble B. Well-off C. Simple D. Splendid.‎ ‎54. Which of the following is the right order for the history of Reader’s Digest ?‎ ‎ a. The Select Edition came out. ‎ ‎ b. The Wallaces retired from the management of Reader’s Digest.‎ ‎ c. The magazine sold over million copies.‎ ‎ d. The product line was improved by mans of videos.‎ ‎ e. Editions in other languages were published.‎ ‎ A. c, e, a, b, d B. e, a, c, b, d C. c, e, a, d, b D. a, c, e, d, b ‎55. Which of the following is not right according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. Lila lived a longer life than De Witt.‎ ‎ B. Lila and De Witt were born in the same year.‎ ‎ C. Reader’s Digest was first private-owned and later public-owned.‎ ‎ D. Reader’s Digest has always been headed by a Chief Executive Office ad Chairman of the Board.‎ C Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks--- we are not born with them.‎ A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around--- family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the US looks much alike.‎ New Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that can not be explained by genetics (遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhat alike. We learn our looks from those around us.‎ This is perhaps why in a single country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas. In the US, for example, the south is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York States still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people in Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.‎ ‎56. Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance ___________.‎ ‎ A. has little to do with culture B. has much to do much culture ‎ C. is ever changing D. is different from place to place ‎57.According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _________.‎ ‎ A. before birth B. as soon as one’s teeth are newly set ‎ C. some time after new teeth are set D. around 15 years old ‎58. Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the US a person is from by _______.‎ ‎ A. how much he or she smiles B. how he or she raise his or her eyebrows ‎ C. what he or she likes best D. the way he or she talks ‎59. People who live _________ are more friendly.‎ ‎ A. in largely populated areas B. in New York City ‎ C. in the country D. in the North ‎60. This passage might be taken out of a book dealing with _________.‎ ‎ A. physics B. chemistry C. biology D. none of the above 第二节：信息匹配（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）‎ 下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。‎ 首先，请阅读下列的应用文：‎ A. Needed: full time secretary position available. Applicants should have at least 2 years experience and be able to type 60 words a minute. No computer skills required. Apply in person at United Business Ltd.. 17 Browning Street.‎ B. Are you looking for a part time job? We require 3 part time shop assistants to work during the evening. No experience required. Applicants should be between 18 and 26. Call 366-76564 for more information.‎ C. Computer trained secretaries: Do you have experience working with computers? Would you like a full time position working in an exciting new company? If your answer is yes, give us a call at 457-896754.‎ D. Teacher Needed: Tommy’s Kindergarten needs 2 teachers/trainers to help with classes from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. Applicants should have appropriate license. For more information visit Tommy’s Kindergarten in Leicester Square No.56.‎ E. Part Time work available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part time at the weekend. Responsibilities include answering the telephone and giving customers information. For more information contact us by calling 345-674132.‎ F. University positions open: The University of Cumberland is looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction. Applicants should have a degree in one of the following: Political Science, Religion, Economics or History. Please contact the University of Cumberland for more information.‎ 请阅读以下职位申请者的信息，然后匹配申请者和他/她拟要申请的职位：‎ Jack Anderson. Jack graduated from the University of Trent with a degree in Economics two years ago. He would like an academic position.‎ Margaret Lillian. Margaret is 21 years old and would like a part time position to help her pay her university expenses. She can only work in the evenings.‎ Alice fingelhamm. Alice was trained as a secretary and has six years of experience. She is an excellent typist but does not know how to use a computer she is looking for a full time position.‎ Peter Florian. Peter went to business school and studied computer and secretarial skills. He is looking for his first job and would like a full time position.‎ Lynne Nageta. Lynne, aged 65, once worked in a kindergarten. She is now a housewife, helping her daughter with her housework on weekdays. She is looking for a part time job.‎ ‎ ‎ 申请者 职位 ‎61．Jack Anderson A. full time secretary ‎62．Margaret Lillian. B. part time shop assistant ‎63．Alice fingelhamm. C. computer trained secretary ‎64．Peter Florian. D. kindergarten teacher ‎65．Lynne Nageta. E. part time job at the weekend ‎ F. university teaching assistant 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分为40分）‎ 第一节：基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）‎ 请根据以下的情景说明，使用5个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。‎ ‎[情景说明]‎ 你校将举办暑假短期会话班，请根据以下内容写一篇书面通知，介绍有关情况：‎ 1） 办班目的：提高学生听力和口语能力；‎ 2） 时间：7月27日至8月5日；‎ 3） 地点：教学大楼221室；‎ 4） 学习内容：Look Ahead；‎ 5） 报名地点：教师办公室；‎ 6） 补充说明：美籍教师Mr Black夫妇每星期将两次来班与学生会话。‎ ‎[写作要求]‎ ‎1、标题：English Conversation Class；‎ ‎2、必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容；‎ ‎3、将5个句子组织成贯的短文。‎ 第二节：读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）‎ ‎ 请根据以下的任务说明和写作要求，写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎[任务说明]‎ 交通拥挤的现象在中国越来越引起人们的关注。如何解决这个问题是人们期待解决的问题。请认真阅读下面的短文，然后完成以下的任务：‎ 1） 概括短文的内容要点，该部分的词数大约60—80。‎ 2） 就这个问题发表你自己看法；‎ a） 主要原因是什么；‎ b） 你认为应该如何解决这个问题。‎ ‎[写作要求]‎ 你可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。‎ ‎[阅读材料]‎ Transportation has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially in large cities. However, it must be admitted that, along with the benefits of the rapid development of urban traffic, there have come certain problems. One of the biggest problems is traffic jams in some heavily-populated cities. It has become common to see passengers and drivers having to wait in long lines and buses and cars moving at a snail’s pace on the streets during the rush hours.‎ There are several reasons for this problem. First, the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. No sooner has a new road been completed and opened public traffic than it is crowded with all kinds of vehicles. Second, there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. In most cases, a car carries only one or two people, while it occupies almost half the space a bus does. Third, many people, including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists do not obey traffic rules properly, especially at busy hours. And this undoubtedly worsens the already serious situation.‎ 参考答案 ‎21—25 BDABA 26—30 AABCB 31—35 CDDAC ‎36.which 37. surrounding 38.off 39. where 40. located ‎41. population 42.into 43. changed 44. attractive 45. living ‎46—50 BDAAD 51—55 ABCAD 56—60 BCACD ‎61—65 FBACE 基础写作： ‎ English conversation class In order to improve the students’ ability to listen to and speak English, an English conversation class will be held during the summer holidays, from July 27th to August 5th, in Room 221, Classroom Building.‎ Look Ahead will be the textbook for the class and the Blacks from America will come and have talks with the class twice a week. It is a good chance to practice listening and speaking. Everyone is welcome to the class. Those who would like to attend it can go to the teachers’ office and sign your names there.‎ 读写任务：‎ With the development of transportation both in large cities and in rural areas, ‎ traffic jams happen frequently in large cities. Passengers and drivers are often seen waiting in long lines and buses and cars moving as slowly as a snail during the rush hours.‎ Obviously the problem has been caused due to several reasons: the increasing number of vehicles, too many private cars, and not enough public buses. Also a car with only one or two people takes too much space of the road. And many people including drivers, pedestrians and cyclists have no sense of traffic rules.‎ Among all the reasons mentioned above, in my opinion, the main reason is that the number of more and more people owning their private cars is out of control. My neighbors, for example, owns three cars altogether. I have never seen a car with more than two people at a time when they drive.‎ So effective measures must be taken before things get worst. The number of private cars in cities must be limited while the number of public buses should be increased. At the same time, strict traffic rules must be issued to strengthen traffic control. I believe it will not be long before the problem can be well solved with these efforts.‎