2021届新高考英语一轮复习译林版：选修6Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld学案 17页

三言 两语 1.I do hope that my advice will be of some help to you and that you'll have a good time in China. 2．If you have further questions，please feel free to let me know. 3．I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study. 1.如果还有什么其他我可以为你做的 事情，请尽快与我联系。 If_there_is_anything_else_I_can_do_fo r_you，please contact me as soon as possible. 2．(2018·北京高考·书面表达)我真诚 地希望你的梦想成真，到那时我会很 高兴带你参观北京。 I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my pleasure to show you around Beijing when_that_day_ comes. [单词 拼写应用] 核心单词 1．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的 2．expand vt.&vi.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强 3．possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有 4．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 5．alternative adj.可供替代的 n．可供选择的事物 6．means n．手段，方法 7．acquire vt.购得；获得，得到 8．shelter n．住所；藏身之处 9．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 10．barrier n．障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物 [语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I have given the matter much thought，examining all the possible alternatives(alternative)． 2．There are many means(means) of recreation in which people engage in their leisure time. 3．The ring is one of her most treasured possessions(possession)． 4．People obtained(obtain) knowledge and information through reading and studying. 5．A child's vocabulary expands(expand) through reading. 6．I look on it as an opportunity to_acquire(acquire) fresh skills. 7．The crowd had to stand behind barriers(barrier). 拓展单词 1．lack n．&vt.缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的 2．add vt.&vi.添加；相加，求和；增加→addition n．增加；添加→additional adj.附加的；另外的 3．equal adj.平等的；同等的 n．同等的人；相等物 vt.与……相同或相等 →equality n．平等；同等→equally adv.相等地 4．contribute vt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡 献；捐献；投稿→contributor n．贡献者；捐献者；投稿人 5．crowd n．人群 vi.&vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 6．remind vt.提醒，使想起→reminder n．暗示；提醒人的事物 [语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空 1．All men are born equal，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal) 2．The volunteers contributed much time to the project，Dr.Win was a major contributor to the project and he made a great contribution.(contribute) 3．Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.Lack of nutrients makes the soil poor.(lack) 4．His generous donation filled our need for additional funds，and in addition， it encouraged more and more people to give a hand. (addition) 5．You reminded me of my deadline to hand in my paper.Thanks for your reminder. (remind) 阅读单词 1．troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的 2．victim n．受害者 3．mountainous adj.多山的 4．staff n．全体员工 5．political adj.政治的；政府的 6．chaos n．混乱，杂乱，紊乱 7．worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等) 8．assistant n．助理，助手 adj.助理的，副的 9．vacant adj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的 10．wage n．(通常指按周领的)工资 11．colleague n．同事 12．angle n．角度 1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Further up，the weather changes—low clouds envelop the mountainsides，which are covered with thick grass.覆盖 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Chris trips on the “ld”，a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers.重复 [短语 多维应用] 高 频 短 语 1.in_addition 除……以外 (还)，此外 2．break_down 出故障； 抛锚 3．think_back_to 回想 4．contribute...to... 把…… 捐献给…… 5．put_up 建造，搭起； [语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填 空 When I ①think_back_to the voluntary experiences in the remote villages，I can't help feeling sorrowful for the villagers. Their health is ②breaking_down because they work too hard.③In_addition，there is a shortage of running water，food and heating 张贴 equipment.Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also ④contribute money to them. 6.in_chaos 处于混乱状态 7．get_hold_of 得到；抓 住 8．remind__somebody_of 让某人想起……，提醒某 人…… 9．make_a_difference 有作 用(关系、影响) 10．stop_sb.from_doing_st h. 阻止某人做某事 [语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填 空 The picture on the desk ⑤reminds me of the people in poverty. The surroundings they live in are ⑥in_chaos，and they lack food and education. What's more，they can't ⑦get_hold_of enough funds to start their own business. In my opinion，if everyone could help the people in need，it will ⑧make_a_difference to their life. 11.refer_to 谈及，提到； 与……相关，涉及； 查阅，参考 12．draw__someone's_atten tion_to 使(某人)察觉到 13．under_the_umbrella_of 在……的保护下，在…… 的管理下 14．if_only 但愿 15．take_on 雇用；承担； 呈现 [语境运用] 选用左边短语的适当形式填 空 Zhang Ming is a young man who volunteers to teach children in remote villages. He writes an article ⑨referring_to left behind children which ⑩draws the public's attention_to children whose lives are hard.Many kind citizens volunteer to ⑪ take_on the responsibility to help those children.⑫If_only those children had a better life. [句式 结构仿写] 教材原句背诵 句式仿写应用 1.“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”句 式 This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“中国不可能被忽 略。”Hill 说。 “China_is_impossible_to_overlook.”says Hill. 2.would rather that...意为“宁 愿，希望……” I would rather you hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿我现在在北京，这样我就会陪你去 书店了。 I would_rather_I_were_in_Beijing now，in which case I would accompany you to the bookstore. 3.if only 意为“但愿/要是…… 就好了” If only there were more people donating money to charities！ 要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该 多好。 If_only_I_could_go_back and reset my goals. 1．lack n．&vt.缺乏 (1)lack＋n.缺乏…… not lack for sth.某物应有尽有，不缺某物 (2)(a)lack of＋n.缺乏…… for lack of＋n.因缺乏…… (3)lacking adj.短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in(在抽象事物方面)缺乏 lack the skills required for the job 缺乏这项工作所要求的技能 due to lack of support 由于缺乏支持 for lack of evidence 由于缺乏证据 be lacking in common sense 缺乏常识 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space. ②Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion. ③You will not lack for money while I am alive. ④Though Jack was lacking in experience，he made up for it in enthusiasm. [能力提升]——一句多译 她不受欢迎的原因是缺乏幽默。 ①A_lack_of_humour accounts for her unpopularity. ②The reason why she is not popular is that she__lacks_humour. ③Lacking_in_humour，she is not popular. [名师点津] lack 作名词时常与介词 of 连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接 加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可用作不及物动词；形容词 lacking 常与 in 连用。 2．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 (1)be worthy of sth.值得的，配得上的 of being done……值得做 to be done……值得做 (2)worth adj.值……钱；值得……的 be worth 钱数/n.值……/值得…… doing ……值得做 (3)worthwhile adj.值得花时间/金钱/精力的 It's worthwhile doing sth. It's worthwhile to do sth. 值得做某事 be worthy of attention/consideration/mention 值得注意/思考/一提 a worthy champion/winner 当之无愧的冠军/获胜者 be worthy of being experienced to be experienced 值得体验 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①He had shown himself to be worthy of their respect. ②Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture，I think this festival is well worthy to be experienced. [能力提升]——一句多译 这本参考书值得买。 ①The reference book is__worth_buying.(worth) ②The reference book is_worthy__to_be_bought.(worthy) ③It_is_worthwhile__to_buy/buying the reference book. (worthwhile) 3．equal adj.平等的；同等的 n.同等的人；相等物 vt.与……相同或相等 (1)be equal to (doing) sth.(in...)(在……方面)与……相等；能胜任…… equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 without equal 无与伦比 (2)equally adv.相等地，相同地 equality n．平等，同等；均等 be equal to the value of the goods 与这些货物的价值相等 be equal to him in patience 在耐心方面与他相等 equal rights for all citizens 所有公民权利平等 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which is equal to physical health. ②Hong Kong Wetland Park is equally(equal) attractive in spring and autumn， for the weather is pleasant in both seasons. ③We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations，big or small. [能力提升]——一句多译 每个人都知道，在勇气方面无人能与他相比。 ①No_one__matches_him_in_courage，about which everyone knows.(match) ②No_one__equals_him_in_courage，about which everyone knows.(equal v．) ③No_one__is_equal_to_him_in_courage，about which everyone knows.(equal adj.) [名师点津] 表示“胜任……”的短语还有：①be fit for ②be qualified for 4．contribute vt.&vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致 (1)contribute...to/towards...(把……)贡献给……；(向……)捐款；投稿 contribute to 促成，导致；有助于；是……的原因之一 (2)contribution n．贡献；捐款；稿件 make contributions/a contribution to/towards(doing)．..对(做)……做出贡献 contribute $5,000 to the earthquake fund 向地震基金捐款 5 000 美元 contribute a number of articles to the magazine 给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件 contribute to his death 是他死亡的原因之一 make a major contribution to a charity 给慈善事业一笔较大的捐款 make very positive contributions to the project 对这个项目做出了非常积极的 贡献 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①Doing small things well contributes to building(build) up our confidence and helping(help) us meet bigger challenges in the future. ②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to/towards the homeless people. ③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions(contribute) to the class. ④Their invention has contributed to developing (develop) electrical engineering. [能力提升]——词汇升级 (普通表达)There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will lead to the development of this area. ①( 高 级 表 达 )There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will contribute_to the development of this area.(contribute) ②( 高 级 表 达 )There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will make_a_contribution_to the development of this area.(contribution) [名师点津] contribute to 和 make a contribution/contributions to 中的 to 都为 介词，后面要接名词、代词或动名词。 5．alternative adj.可供替代的 n.可供选择的事物 (1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择 (2)alternatively adv.可供选择地 have no alternative but to fire John 只好辞退约翰 have an alternative solution to the problem 有别的方法来解决这个问题 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①If you don't like the school lunch，you will have the alternative of bringing your own. ②There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait(wait)． ③Hotels are generally of a good standard and not too expensive.Alternatively (alternative) you could stay in an apartment. [能力提升]——词汇升级 (普通表达)We can do nothing but take immediate action to stop pollution. (高级表达)We have no_alternative/choice_but__to take immediate action to stop pollution. [名师点津] “别无选择只好做某事”的其他表达方式：do nothing but do sth.，have nothing to do but do sth.，have no choice but to do sth.，can not choose but do sth.，can't do sth.but do sth.。其中 but 之前有实义动词 do 的某种形式(does，did， done)时，but 之后要用省略 to 的动词不定式。 6．means n．手段，方法 (1)a means of(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法、途径 means of production/transport/communication 生产工具/运输工具/通信手段 (2)by means of 用，依靠；通过 by all means 无论如何；当然可以(口语) by no means 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首，句子要倒装) an effective means of communication 一种有效的通讯手段 some means of contacting him 和她取得联系的方法 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①Every means has_been_tried(try) to save the environment. ②There is no doubt that the mobile phone is an important means of communication. [能力提升]——句式升级 (普通表达)The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought. (高级表达)By no means is_the_problem as simple as we first thought. [名师点津] 当 means 表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means 作主语若有 every，each，one 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some，several， many，few 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 7．remind vt.提醒，使想起 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind(sb.)that/how/what...提醒(某人)…… remind me of the room where I was born 使我想起我出生的那个房间 remind me to phone my friend 提醒我给朋友打电话 remind me how I should do it next 提醒我下一步该怎么做 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①I agree with Susan，whose article reminds me of my best gift，a pen，given by my father，who was a worker. ②Passengers are_reminded(remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train. ③The fact is，to note what you have to do is to remind you to_do (do) it at the right time. [能力提升]——一句多译 尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。 ①Although/Though some drivers are_reminded_not_to_drive_ after_drinking， they are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.(让步状语从句) ②Reminded_not_to_drive_after_drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.(过去分词作状语) [名师点津] 其他“v.＋sb.of sth.”结构的短语还有： ①inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事 ②rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物 ③accuse sb.of sth.控告某人某事 ④warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事 ⑤cure sb.of sth.治愈某 人的病 ⑥convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 8．possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有 (1)sb.be in possession of sth.某人拥有某物 sth.be in the possession of sb.某物为某人所拥有 take/have possession of 拥有；占领，夺取 (2)possess vt.(使)占有，(使)拥有；支配(不用于进行时) be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等) be in possession of some information 掌握一些信息 take possession of his soul 占据了他的灵魂 be possessed of powers of concentration 有专注能力 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①Although he doesn't possess much money，he is possessed of good health. ②We can't take/have possession(possess) of the house until all the papers have been signed. [能力提升]——一句多译 这个老人拥有一家大公司。 ①The old man is__in_possession_of__a_large_company.(be in possession of) ②A__large_company_is__in_the_possession_of the old man.(be in the possession of) ③The old man takes/has_possession_of__a_large_company. (take/have possession of) [名师点津] in possession of 表示主动，其主语通常是人，意为“占 有……”；in the possession of 表示被动，其主语通常是物，意为“被……占有”。 9．shelter n．住所；藏身之处 (1)take/seek shelter (from)躲避(……) under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 give shelter to 庇护 (2)shelter/protect/preserve...from...保护……免于…… 3 keep...from doing stop...from doing prevent...from doing 阻止……做…… need food，clothing and shelter 需要食品、衣服和住处 find shelter for the night 找个过夜的地方 to take shelter from the rain/wind 躲避雨/风 a night shelter for the homeless 无家可归者夜间收容所 shelter the house from the wind 给房子挡住了风 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①Trees shelter the house from the wind. ②Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd was gathered for a brunch. [能力提升]——一句多译 他们决心保护学生免受伤害。 ①They are determined to_shelter_their_students_from_being_hurt. (shelter) ②They are determined to_protect_their_students_from_being_hurt. (protect) ③They are determined to_preserve_their_students_from_being_ hurt.(preserve) 10．refer to 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考 (1)refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给…… (2)reference n．谈到，提到；参考，查阅 in/with reference to 关于 refer to the name of victims 提到受害者的姓名 refer to the events of last year 涉及去年发生的事 refer to your notes/a dictionary 查阅笔记/词典 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①This paragraph refers to the events of last year. ②(2015·天津高考·书面表达)The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer)books while the magazines serve as reading materials. [能力提升]——完成句子 ①他们把这个发现称作这一领域最令人兴奋的新的进展。 They referred_to_the_discovery_as the most exciting new development in this field. (refer to...as) ②不要一遇到生词就查字典，只有在这个生词很重要时才可以查。 Don't always refer_to the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary. [名师点津] look up 表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为 word，information 等；而 refer to 表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为 book，dictionary 等。 11．break down 出故障；抛锚 break up 打碎；驱散；(关系)破裂，分手；(会议等)结束；(物理)解体 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入 break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等) break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等) break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break through 克服；取得突破 break away from 脱离；断绝与……的关系 break down racial discrimination 消除种族岐视 break down the project into smaller parts 把项目分成几个小部分 machines break down 机器出故障 will break down 会累垮的 peace talks have broken down 和平谈判破裂失败 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night. ②Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe.War was soon to break out. ③Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them. [能力提升]——完成句子 ①万一又一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？ Should another world war break_out，what would become of human beings? ②科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。 Scientists think they are beginning to break_through in the fight against cancer. 12．(教材 P57)If_only there were more people donating money to charities！ 要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！ if only 意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它 引导的句子要用虚拟语气。if only 句式中虚拟语气的三种情况： (1)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用 if only sb.would/could do... (2)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用 if only sb.did/were... (3)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用 if only sb.had done sth.... [金句推送](北京卷·写作佳句)If only he had kept on trying，he would have got a bigger fish. 要是他再坚持尝试一下的话，他就会钓到一条更大的鱼了。 [基础练习]——单句语法填空 ①If only I had(have) more money，I could buy some new clothes. ②It's too bad that I failed in the math exam.If only I had_worked (work) hard at it! [能力提升]——一句多译 要不是你的帮助，我那天就有麻烦了。 ①Without__your_help，I would have been in trouble that day.(without) ②But_for_your_help，I would have been in trouble that day.(but for) 多维训练——夯实基础 维度 1——用所给词的正确形式填空 1．I have no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police. 2．A diet lacking(lack) nutritional value will not keep a person healthy. 3．Men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education and employment. 4．You must remind him to_take(take) his medicine，in case he forgets. 5．Our teacher always says to us that everyone could make contributions (contribution) to our society. 6．The result of the research is for reference(refer) only. 7．It is really worthwhile to_study/studying(study) the animals. 8．Bob isn't equal to being (be)a manager，for he has little knowledge about management. 9．I failed in the exam.If only I had_taken (take) your advice. 10．Passengers are_reminded(remind)that no smoking is allowed on this train. 维度 2——在空白处填入一个适当的词 1．This is by no means a good way to solve the problem. 2．You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 3．As far as I'm concerned，his reception of us is lacking in warmth. 4．At one point，the peace talks between the two countries seemed to break down with no agreement reached. 5．It's through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out. 6．At every moment I was reminded of the difficulties we have. 7．He has made an important contribution to the company's success. 8．This is by no means a good way to make a living. 9．I don't think I am worthy of such an honourable title. 维度 3——查缺补漏 单句语法填空 1．I made a commitment (commit) to him to pay all of the debts. 2．I like getting up early in the morning.You know the morning air is so good to_breathe(breathe)． 3．Peter Goodrich died in the second plane that hit (hit)the World Trade Centre. 4．Without telling her family，the next morning，she held (hold) a meeting in her private hospital，discussing suitable medical services for the disaster area. 单句改错 5．Something blocked the tap should be removed so that the water can come through quickly.blocked→blocking 6．Though lacks money，his parents managed to send him to university. lacks→lacking 7．The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit.sit 后 加 in 维度 4——话题写作 1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇) ①现今由于环境污染，很多人缺乏食物和教育，处于饥饿的状态。 Nowadays many people lack_healthy_food_and_education and are in the state of starvation on_account_of environment pollution. ②更为糟糕的是有些地方人们连干净的水都喝不到。 What's worse it_is_impossible for people to_drink clean water in some places. ③据报道全球有 13 多亿人生活在难以描述的贫困之中。 It is reported that more than 1.3 billion people around the world live in poverty beyond_description. ④幸运的是，政府正在想尽一切办法帮助他们，公众也向他们捐款。 Luckily，the government is_trying_every_means__to help them and the public also contribute money to them. ⑤一些相关非官方的环保组织，也倡导我们使用绿色能源，这对环境很有益 处。 Some nonofficial environmental organization which_is_referred_to just advocates the use of green power，and it is beneficial to our environment. ⑥要是我们日常生活中能使用其它交通工具如公交车、自行车，我们的环境 也会变好。 If_only we could use some alternative means of transport such as buses and bikes，our living environment would become better. ⑦我们的所做所为一定会对环境产生重大影响。 All the things we have done will make_much_difference to our environment. 2．升级平淡句 (1)利用过去分词作后置定语和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句升级 1 中的 句⑤ Some_nonofficial_environmental_organization_referred_to_just_advocates_the _use_of_green_power，which_is_of_benefit_to_our _environment. (2)利用 what 主语从句升级 1 中的句⑦。 What_we_have_done_will_make_much_difference_to_our_environment. 3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：on the other hand，at the same time，in a word) Nowadays many people lack healthy food and education and are in the state of starvation on account of environment pollution.What's worse，it is impossible for people to drink clean water in some places.It is reported that more than 1.3 billion people around the world live in poverty beyond description. Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them.On the other hand，the non official environmental organization referred to just advocates the use of green power，which is beneficial to our environment.At the same time，if only we could use some alternative means of transport such as buses and bikes，our living environment would become better. In a word，what we have done will make much difference to our environment.