2020届北师大版高考一轮复习必修三学案：Unit7SectionⅠWarm_up&Lesson1 12页

‎　　 ‎ ‎ Killer whales have the secondheaviest brains among marine mammals (after Sperm whales, which have the largest brain of any animal). They can be trained in captivity (囚禁；关押) and are often described as intelligent, although defining and measuring “intelligence” is difficult in a species whose environment and behavioral strategies are very different from those of humans.‎ Killer whales imitate others, and seem to deliberately teach skills to their kin. Off the Crozet Islands, mothers push their calves onto the beach, waiting to pull the youngster back if needed.‎ ‎ People who have interacted closely with killer whales offer numerous anecdotes demonstrating (证明) the whales' curiosity, playfulness, and ability to solve problems. Alaskan killer whales have not only learned how to steal fish from Iong lines, but also have overcome a variety of techniques designed to stop them, such as the use of unrated (未分级的；未征税的) lines as decoys. Once, fishermen placed their boats several miles apart, taking turns retrieving (恢复；取回) small amounts of their catch, in the hope that the whales would not have enough time to move between boats to steal the catch as it was being retrieved. A researcher described what happened next: The killer whale's use of dialects and the passing of other learned behaviours from generation to generation have been described as a form of animal culture.‎ Section_ⅠWarmup__&_Lesson_1_—_Prereading ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ VIKING VOYAGES① TO AMERICA The Vikings② were the first Europeans to reach America③. They achieved④ this long before⑤ Columbus ever set sail⑥.‎ The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors⑦ came from Scandinavia⑧. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD⑨. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live⑩. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red⑪ decided to set sail further⑫ west, there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland⑬.‎ ‎①voyage /'vɔIIdʒ/ n．航海；航空 ‎②Viking /'vaIkIŋ/ n．维京人，北欧海盗 ‎③名词中心词被序数词或the last 等修饰时，其后通常用动词不定式作后置定语。‎ ‎④achieve vt.实现，到达　achievement n．成就，功绩 ‎⑤long before 很久以前　before long 不久以后 ‎⑥set sail启航 ‎⑦ancestor /'ænsεstə/ n．祖先，祖宗 ‎⑧whose引导的定语从句，修饰a group of people。‎ ‎⑨AD n．公元　BC n．公元前 ‎⑩where引导的定语从句，修饰Northern Europe。‎ ‎⑪过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎⑫further /'fɜː ðə/ adv.更远，较远 further 是far 的比较级。‎ ‎⑬现在分词短语作后置定语。‎ 北欧海盗航行到美洲 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。早在哥伦布启航之前，他们就已经到达那里了。‎ 北欧海盗的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。公元8世纪到10世纪期间，他们控制着北欧海面和沿海地区。大约到公元 900年，北欧很多地方都有海盗居住。公元982年，一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航。此时，冰岛生活着多达10 000名北欧海盗。‎ According to⑭ the old stories of Iceland and Norway，Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder，⑮for which he got into trouble⑯. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuaded⑰some people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again，this time with 25 ships，of which only 14 made it to⑱ Greenland⑲. ‎ Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland⑳， a man celled Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric's party. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.‎ ‎⑭according to根据，依照 ‎⑮for which引导非限制性定语从句，for表示原因，which指代先行词a murder。‎ ‎⑯get into trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境 ‎⑰persuade /pə'sweId/ vt.说服，劝服 persuade sb. to do sth. ＝persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服、劝服某人做某事 ‎⑱make it to到达　make it 获得成功，准时到达 ‎⑲of which引导非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎⑳Not long after 此处引导时间状语从句，意为“……后不久”。‎ in search of寻找，寻求 blow off吹离，吹掉　blow away 吹走，驱散 course n．航线，路线，方向 “find oneself＋介词短语”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”。‎ unknown /ˌʌn'nəʊn/ adj.不知道的，未知的 eventually /I'ventʃʊəli/ adv.最终，终于 from where引导定语从句，修饰an unknown land。‎ ‎ [第3～4段译文]根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。埃里克到达格陵兰岛后，发现他登陆的地方可以居住。他返回冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事情，并说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。埃里克再次启航驶往格陵兰岛。这一次有25艘船与他同行，但其中只有14艘最终到达了格陵兰岛。埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人。比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，‎ 从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。‎ ‎ 　　In the year 1002, when Eric the Red's son Leif was planning a trip further west, Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarni's directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of presentday Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as Newfoundland.‎ We know about Eric the Red and Leif's deeds through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of Europeans sailing to the Americas.,follow one's directions 依照某人的指点 be believed to be 被认为是 presentday /ˌpreznt'deI/ adj.当今的，现代的 be known as 作为……而出名 be famous as 作为……而出名 deed /diːd/ n．行为，行动 do a good deed 做一件好事 Europeans sailing ... 是动名词的复合结构。Europeans是sailing的逻辑主语。‎ ‎ [第5～6段译文]1002年，埃里克·雷德的儿子利夫打算继续向西航行，他和比阿尼一同商量他的西行计划。利夫依照比阿尼的指点，航行到据认为是现在的加拿大海岸的地方。然后他继续南行至一个现在叫纽芬兰的岛屿。‎ 我们从挪威和冰岛记载下来并流传几个世纪的故事中得知埃里克·雷德和利夫的事迹。他们是记载中最早航行到达美洲的欧洲人。‎ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．spirit　　　　　　　　　A．不知道的，未知的 ‎2．voyage B．令人惊恐的，骇人的 ‎3．ancestor C．水手，海员 ‎4．eventually D．说服，劝服 ‎5．deed E．道歉 ‎6．journey F．精神 ‎7．lecture G．探险家 ‎8．brake H．祖先，祖宗 ‎9．explorer I．制动器，刹车 ‎10．unknown J．最终，终于 ‎11．frightening K．航海；航空 ‎12．sailor L．行为，行动 ‎13．persuade M．讲授，演讲 ‎14．apologise N．旅行，旅程 ‎1～5　_________　6～10　_________　11～14　________‎ 答案：1～5　FKHJL　6～10　NMIGA　11～14　BCDE Leadin Match the following navigators with their main sailing experiences.‎ A．sailed directly from Europe to India B．led seven expeditions to what the Chinese called “the Western Ocean” (Indian Ocean)‎ C．led to general European awareness of the American continents D．sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488‎ ‎1～4　________‎ 答案：1～4　CBAD Whilereading True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．Columbus reached America earlier than the Vikings.__F__‎ ‎2．The ancestors of the Vikings were from Scandinavia.__T__‎ ‎3．Eric the Red decided to set sail further west in 900 AD.__F__‎ ‎4．Eric the Red left Iceland because he had committed a murder.__T__‎ ‎5．All of Eric's twentyfive ships reached Greenland successfully.__F__‎ ‎6．Leif chose different directions from Biarni's and sailed to Canada.__F__‎ Read the text and choose the best answers.‎ ‎1．It's said that Eric the Red got into trouble________.‎ A．when he left Greenland B．when he reached Greenland C．when he committed a murder D．when he returned to Iceland ‎2．After Eric the Red discovered Greenland，________.‎ A．people started to live on that island B．he thought people couldn't live on it C．some people went back with him to Greenland D．he set sail further west ‎3．Who does “he” in line 23 refer to?‎ A．Eric the Red.　　　　　 B．Biarni.‎ C．Biarni's father. D．Eric's father.‎ ‎4．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Biarni sailed to Newfoundland with Leif.‎ B．Newfoundland lies north to Canada.‎ C．No people lived in Newfoundland when Leif discovered it.‎ D．Biarni's directions were of great use to Leif.‎ ‎5．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ A．How the Vikings discovered America.‎ B．The life of Vikings in Scandinavia.‎ C．Eric the Red's life story.‎ D．Old stories about the Vikings.‎ 答案：1～5　CCBDA Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因为一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。‎ ‎2．Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　_比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲，但是他被风吹离了航线，结果发现自己在一个不知名的地方，从那里他最终到达了格陵兰岛。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A About 97% of the world's water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we can't drink seawater, how can it be important? ‎ Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important seawater is! ‎ Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced. ‎ The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn't matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true, and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop. ‎ Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats. Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans, and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important seawater is! ‎ ‎1．Which of the following is the proper order of the food chain? ‎ A．small animals→algae→microscopic animals→large animals→man ‎ B．algae→microscopic animals→large animals→larger animals→man C．small animals→algae→large animals→microscopic animals→man D．microscopic animals→algae→large animals →larger animals→man 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知答案。‎ ‎2．From the passage, we learn that________. ‎ ‎ A．most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas B．it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain C．excessive fishing has caused the decrease in fish stock D．it won't be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“... fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop”可知大量捕捉鱼类肯定会造成鱼类储量的下降；根据第二段首句可知选项A不正确；根据第三段中的“These food chains are delicately balanced.”可知选项B不正确；根据最后一段中的“This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future.”可知选项D不正确。‎ ‎3．Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect oceans? ‎ A．The use of international agreements. ‎ B．Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.‎ C．The use of new techniques. ‎ D．Raising people's awareness of the need to protect oceans.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知很多国家通过限制捕鱼数量来保护鱼类，但不是禁止捕鱼；其他几种措施在最后一段中都可找到。‎ ‎4．What would be the best title of the passage?‎ A．The importance of seawater B．Life in the oceans C．How to protect food chains D．How to deal with seawater pollution 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据文章的第一段，以及第二段和最后一段的末句可知文章的中心是在说明海水的重要性。‎ B Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe. In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America. The man who eventually found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan.‎ ‎ Magellan sailed from Seville in September 1519 with five ships and about 266 men. Thirteen months later, after spending a severe winter on the coast of Patagonia, he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan's Strait. In November 1520, after many months of dangers from rocks and storms, during which two ships were lost, the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America. ‎ ‎ They then continued, hoping to reach Asia. But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia. Before they arrived at these islands, later known as the Philippines, his men were dying of starvation. While they were staying in the Philippines, Magellan was killed in battle. The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain. They decided to sail round Africa. After many difficulties, one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving. They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition. However, their achievement was great. They were the first men to sail round the world.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从欧洲向西航行到亚洲进而完成环球航行的探险之旅。‎ ‎5．The purpose of Magellan's expedition was________.‎ A．to sail round the world B．to find a sea route to India C．to make a voyage to Asia D．to carry men to Philippines 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，我们可以知道，欧洲人试图向西航行，经大西洋到太平洋，然后到达亚洲，从而找到一条从海上去亚洲的路线。‎ ‎6．The time Magellan's Strait was discovered was________.‎ A．in August 1519 B．in October 1520‎ C．in November 1520 D．not mentioned 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句内容可知，麦哲伦是在1520年10月发现Magellan's Strait“麦哲伦海峡”的。‎ ‎7．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition?‎ A．Lack of navigation equipment.‎ B．Severe winter in Patagonia.‎ C．The death of Magellan.‎ D．Dangers from rocks and storms.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。通读全文我们可以发现，全文没有提及navigation equipment“航海设备”方面的问题。故选A。‎ ‎8．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Magellan's Expedition B．The Discovery of the Philippines C．The Most Dangerous Expedition in Navigation D．The First Expedition to Asia 解析：选D　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是麦哲伦及其船队第一次从海上去亚洲的探险之旅。故D为最佳选项。‎ C For years, the giant squid (大王乌贼) had remained a modern mystery. Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly. It had also managed to avoid all attempts to film it. That changed last July: for the first time ever, scientists were able to catch the giant squid on video in its natural habitat. They were amazed by what they saw. The scientists filmed the squid in the North Pacific Ocean, south of Tokyo, Japan. They followed it down to a depth of 2,952 feet. They shot more than 23 minutes of video before the squid swam off into even darker depths. The video footage will be released to the public later this month on The Discovery Channel.‎ Tsunemi Kubodera, a zoologist at Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science, led the team that filmed the squid. The team went into the ocean in a small submarine with lights invisible to both humans and squid. Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait (诱饵). Then the scientists waited in the pitch black for the giant squid to approach.‎ The color video shows the creature floating vertically, eating the bait squid. The giant squid is 9 to 10 feet long and is missing its two longest tentacles (触须). With those tentacles, it could have measured up to 26 feet long. It has huge black eyes, the size of dinner plates, “It was shining and so beautiful，” Kubodera said.‎ Because the deep ocean is so unfriendly to humans, little is known about the giant squid. Scientists say catching the mysterious creature on video is an important step toward understanding it. For centuries, sailors had reported seeing a huge, oceandwelling beast, thought to be the giant squid. The creature is also believed to be the subject of the Nordic myth of the kraken, a sea creature that supposedly attacked ships in Scandinavian waters over the past thousands of years.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。大王乌贼生活在深海，人们很难有机会看到它，长期以来人们对它知之甚少。最近科学家在深海拍摄到了这种神秘的生物，有望揭开其神秘的面纱。‎ ‎9．Why is it difficult to film the giant squid?‎ A．Because it is illegal to film the giant squid.‎ B．Because it is too expensive to make such a film.‎ C．Because the giant squid lives in the dark deep ocean.‎ D．Because the giant squid is dangerous to humans.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Living in the dark depths of the ocean, the creature is difficult for scientists to observe directly.”可知，因为大王乌贼生活在大洋深处，所以人们很难拍摄到它。‎ ‎10．We can learn from the first paragraph that scientists ________.‎ A．first saw the giant squid in the ocean B．discovered a new sea creature in the ocean C．have the ocean bottom secretly recorded on video D．have first caught the legendary giant squid on video 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，科学家在北太平洋下到深度为2 952英尺的地方第一次拍摄了一段23分钟长的有关大王乌贼的视频。因此D项正确。‎ ‎11．According to the passage, the giant squid's longest tentacles can be ________.‎ A．16 to 17 feet long　　　 B．9 to 10 feet long C．more than 26 feet long D．about 36 feet long 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，这只大王乌贼有9到10英尺长，算上它的触须可达到26英尺长，由此可得出这只大王乌贼最长的触须有16到17英尺长。‎ ‎12．The scientists released a small squid in the ocean to ________.‎ A．increase the number of the giant squid B．trick the giant squid into coming out C．make an educational film about it D．show concern for the giant squid 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Since giant squid eat smaller squid, the scientists released a small squid as bait.”可知，科学家在大洋里放一条小乌贼目的是将大王乌贼引诱出来。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Did you ever look at your parents and wish they were healthier? You're not the only one. We did a survey of kids. __1__ 69% of the kids would like their parents to make changes to be healthier. We also surveyed parents. They'd work extra hard to get healthier, if their kids asked them to.‎ Here are the tips on talking to your parents about their health habits.‎ ‎▲ Create an idea list. Try to remember what got you thinking about this topic. Is there an unhealthy thing you'd like to see them stop doing, or do less often? Get your list together. ‎ ‎▲ Practice how to say it. Changing can be hard. And it's not always easy to heat that ‎ someone you love thinks you need to do it. __2__‎ If your parents wanted you to make a change, how would you like them to ask? A gentle, earing way often works best. ‎ ‎▲ __3__ In our survey, 85% of kids said they's be willing to make healthy changes if it would help the whole family. You might be willing to go for a walk together after dinner, let your parents know you're willing to make an effort.‎ ‎▲ Make a decision. __4__ It can be trouble if your goal is too general or you don't have steps in mind.‎ ‎▲ __5__ Encourage your parents as the family starts making changes. An extra hug or a homemade card of encouragement can give them what they need to keep going down the healthy road. ‎ A．Cheer them on.‎ B．Be willing to help.‎ C．Find the right person to talk with.‎ D．Parents care more about their kids' health.‎ E．It helps to pick a single goal and be detailed.‎ F．46% said they worry about their parents' health.‎ G．So you'll want to bring up this topic in just the right way.‎ 答案：1～5　FGBEA