2019届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld单元学案（38页） 38页

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit4Helping people around the world单元学案 写作句型锤炼 核心句型升级 先熟读背诵——精彩句型烂熟于心 ‎(2015·四川卷)假如你是李夏。你看到美国留学生Sharon在网上发帖，希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平，她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。‎ ‎1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿；2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由；3.给出讲好普通话的两点建议；4.提出你学习英语的具体需求。‎ 注意：1.词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。‎ Hi, Sharon，‎ This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ Li Xia ‎【参考范文】‎ Hi,__Sharon，‎ This__is__Li__Xia.__I__learned__from__your__post__that__you__want__to__improve__your__Mandarin. I am more than glad to give a helping hand. To start with, I have been learning and speaking Mandarin for about 17 years. In addition, I have volunteered to help two exchange students with their Mandarin learning during the past two years. So I'm quite confident that I will be well fit for the tutorship.‎ ‎①As is always the case with language learning, Mandarin learning also asks for lots of practice. To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies. Besides, keeping a Mandarin diary also helps a lot, ②in which you can write down your experiences of learning Mandarin and your every little progress can be recorded.‎ You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return, which is exactly what I am dying for. I badly need to improve my oral English, so it is great for me to find a native speaker to learn from.‎ Looking forward to your reply!‎ Li__Xia 后临摹仿写——妙语佳句信手拈来 ‎►根据句①仿写 ‎1.As__is__well__known__to__us__all,__TV, cell phones and the web are widely used in an information age.‎ 众所周知，电视、手机和网络广泛应用于信息时代。‎ ‎►根据句②仿写 ‎2.I received your letter written on August 15th this morning, in__which__you__had__mentioned__how__to__enrich__vocabulary.‎ 你8月15日的来信我今天早上收到了，在信中，你提到如何扩大词汇量的问题。‎ Ⅰ.重点单词—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ 一、核心单词 ‎1.victim n.　受害者 ‎2.means n. 手段，方法 ‎3.colleague n. 同事 ‎4.acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到 ‎5.political adj. 政治的；政府的 ‎6.expand vi.& vt. 扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强 ‎7.alternative adj. 可供替代的 ‎　 　 　　n. 可供选择的事物 ‎8.remote adj. 偏远的，偏僻的 二、阅读单词 ‎1.obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 ‎2.chaos n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱 ‎3.vacant adj. 空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的 ‎4.staff n. 全体员工 ‎5.charity n. 慈善机构；慈善，赈济；仁爱，宽厚 ‎6.carpet n. 地毯 ‎7.damp adj. 潮湿的 ‎8.shelter n. 住所；藏身之处 三、拓展单词 ‎1.addition n.增加；添加；此外，另外→add vt.& vi.添加；相加，求和；增加→additional adj.附加的；另外的 ‎2.equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等→equality n.平等；同等→equally adv.相等地 ‎3.voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→volunteer n.志愿者v.自愿做，无偿做 ‎4.contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n.贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n.贡献者；捐献者；投稿人 ‎5.export n.出口产品，输出品；出口vt.& vi.出口；输出→import n.进口产品，进口vt.& vi.进口；输入 ‎6.urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→urge vt.催促，力劝 n.强烈欲望→urgency n.紧迫，迫切 ‎7.starvation n.饥饿；饿死→starve__vt.& vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿 ‎8.possession n.个人财产；拥有，具有→possess vt.拥有 ‎9.commitment n.承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→commit v.犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；使……承担义务 ‎10.troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的→trouble n.麻烦，烦恼v.(使)烦恼，(使)麻烦 ‎11.crowd n.人群 vi.& vt.挤满；使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 ‎12.remind vt.提醒，使想起→reminder n.暗示；提醒人的事物 ‎13.lack n.&vt.缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的 ‎ ‎14.description n.形容，说明→describe vt.描述，形容；描绘 ‎15.worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的→worth n.价值；财产adj.值……的→worthwhile adj.重要的，令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的 ‎ ‎[会积累]‎ ‎1.“伸开，扩展”词汇集锦 ‎①expand v.　扩展，扩大 ‎②extend v. 伸出，延伸 ‎③spread v. 伸开，传播 ‎④stretch v. 伸展，拉长 ‎⑤enlarge v. 扩大 ‎2.“同事，伙/同伴”名词一览 ‎①partner 伙伴，搭档 ‎②fellow 同伙，同事 ‎③comrade 同志，伙伴 ‎④companion 同伴，伴侣 ‎⑤colleague 同事，同僚 ‎⑥associate 同事，伙伴 ‎3.攻克“空的”形容词 ‎①vacant 未被占用的 ‎②empty 空的 ‎③hollow 空的 ‎④blank 空白的 ‎4.“－ical”结尾高频形容词荟萃 ‎①medical 医学的 ‎②physical 物理的，身体的 ‎③chemical 化学的 ‎④electrical 与电有关的 ‎⑤political 政治的，政界的 ‎5.“经济生活”相关词 ‎①export n.& v. 出口；输出 ‎②import n.& v. 进口；输入 ‎③finance n.& v. 金融；负担经费 ‎④bid n.& v. 出价；投标 ‎⑤distribute v. 分配；分布 ‎⑥invest v. 投资 ‎6.后缀“－ment”高频名词 ‎①commitment 承诺，奉献 ‎②agreement 同意，协议 ‎③achievement 成就 ‎④appointment 约定 ‎⑤arrangement 安排，布置 ‎⑥equipment 设备 ‎⑦advertisement 广告 ‎⑧announcement 通知；通告 ‎⑨punishment 惩罚 ‎⑩treatment 对待；治疗 ‎[会应用]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1.They are still involved in voluntary (volunteer) work promoting local enterprise.‎ ‎2.Passengers have to pay additional (addition)charges for their extra luggage.‎ ‎3.This article is well worth reading，but it is not worthy of being translated.So I feel that all your effort isn’t worthwhile.(worth)‎ ‎4.Many foreigners find it hard to describe the beauty of West Lake，because its beauty is beyond description.(describe)‎ ‎5.The crowd went directly to the accident scene，and the spot was crowded with people.(crowd)‎ ‎6.With his business going on well，he at first possessed big houses，cars，and later he took possession of stocks of different companies.(possess)‎ ‎7.All men are born equal，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)‎ ‎8.The old man was starved to death.People felt pity for his starvation.(starve)‎ ‎9.The teacher urged that the students (should) be taught how to take urgent action in urgency.(urgent)‎ ‎10.They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees and their contributions will certainly help them live through the winter.(contribute)‎ Ⅱ.核心短语—识记·联想·运用 ‎[会书写]‎ ‎1.refer__to　　谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考 ‎2.in__addition 除……以外(还)，此外 ‎3.draw__one’s__attention__to 使(某人)察觉到 ‎4.under__the__umbrella__of 在……的保护下，在……的管理下 ‎5.if__only 但愿 ‎6.break__down 出故障；抛锚 ‎7.in__chaos 处于混乱状态 ‎8.get__hold__of 得到；抓住 ‎9.remind__sb__of 让某人想起……，提醒某人……‎ ‎10.think back to 回想 ‎11.make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)‎ ‎12.contribute...to... 把……捐献给……‎ ‎13.far from 离……远；远非，远不是 ‎14.put up 建造，搭起；张贴 ‎15.take on 雇用，承担，呈现 ‎16.stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 ‎17.look up 查阅，向上看 ‎18.be made up of 由……构成/组成[会积累]‎ ‎1.“谈到；涉及”一览 ‎①talk about/of　　 　②deal with ③refer to ④when it comes to...‎ ‎2.“除……以外”家族 ‎①apart from ②aside from ③except for ④besides ‎⑤in addition ⑥in addition to ⑦as well as ‎3.attention相关短语系列 ‎①draw one’s attention to 使某人察觉到……‎ ‎②call one’s attention to... 提醒某人注意……‎ ‎③fix one’s attention on... 集中注意力于……‎ ‎④bring...to one’s attention 使某人注意……‎ ‎⑤pay attention to 注意 ‎[会应用]　选用上表左栏短语填空 ‎1.His health broke__down because of the hard work.‎ ‎2.It was the strong wind that left the garden in__chaos.‎ ‎3.The photographs made me think__back__to my schooldays.‎ ‎4.Thanks for your gift—it will always remind me of you.‎ ‎5.I thought then and still think that one person can make__a__difference.‎ ‎6.Far__from being relaxed，we both felt so uncomfortable that we hardly spoke.‎ ‎7.It’s not a good habit to look__up every word in the dictionary when reading.‎ ‎8.A notice was put__up in order to remind students of the changed lecture time.‎ Ⅲ.经典句式—分析·背诵·仿写 句型公式1：“sth＋be＋adj.＋to do”句式，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ ‎[教材原句] This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.‎ ‎ 这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。‎ ‎[句型仿写] I found the lecture was difficult to__understand，but I tried to figure it out.‎ 我发现这个报告很难懂，但我还是尽力理解了。‎ 句型公式2：would rather that...意为“宁愿，更喜欢……”，从句用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[教材原句] I would rather you hadn’t told me about it.‎ 我宁愿你还没有把那件事告诉我。‎ ‎[句型仿写] I’d rather you hadn’t__told__him__the__news that ‎ day.‎ 我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。‎ 句型公式3：if only意为“但愿/要是……就好了”，常引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句。‎ ‎[教材原句] If only there were more people donating money to charities!‎ 但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！‎ ‎[句型仿写] If__only__the__whole__family__could__be__united during the Spring Festival this year!‎ 今年春节全家能团圆就好了！‎ Ⅳ.语段改错—回顾·修正·热诵 根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ I feel very happy to have chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador of the UN.First，I should tell you that the UN was set up on October 1945.It has four main functions：to keep international peace; to develop friendly relationships among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in promote respect for human rights; and to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations.Which you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.With the help of the borrowing armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improving international laws.Second，I want to tell ‎ you I main visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.The television and press will follow and record my visits，that will increase people’s knowledges of the work of the UN.Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as for lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.So with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.‎ 答案 I feel very happy to have chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador of the UN.First，I should tell you that the UN was set up October 1945.It has four main functions: to keep international peace; to develop friendly relationships among nations; to cooperate in solving international problems and in respect for human rights; and to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations. you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.With the help of the armies and other worthy organizations ，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to international laws.Second，I want to tell you I visit countries where the UN has programmes to ‎ help people.The television and press will follow and record my visits， will increase people’s of the work of the UN.Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases.So with the work of the UN the world has been brought closer together.‎ ‎[核 心 词 汇]‎ ‎1.lack n.& vt.& vi.缺乏 ‎(1)lack＋n. 缺乏……‎ lack for 需求；需要(多用于否定句) ‎ ‎(2)for lack/short of 因缺乏……‎ a lack of＋n. 缺乏……‎ ‎(no) lack of... (不)缺乏……‎ ‎(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的(不用于名词前)‎ be lacking in 缺乏(在抽象事物方面)‎ ‎①When there is a__lack__of food，there is hunger.‎ 当食物匮乏时，就会有饥饿。(教材原句)‎ ‎②Lacking__(lack) confidence can lead to a lot of suffering，so you should believe in yourself.‎ 缺乏自信会导致许多痛苦，所以你应该相信自己。‎ ‎③More and more high－rise buildings have been built in big cities for__lack/short__of__space.‎ 由于缺少空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的摩天大楼。‎ ‎[名师指津]　lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用于进行时。‎ ‎2.worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 ‎(1)be worthy ‎(2)be worth ‎(3)　 值得做某事 ‎①As far as I’m concerned，some poems are worthy of__being__shared/to__‎ be__shared(share).‎ 依我看，有些诗值得分享。‎ ‎②The reference book is worth buying，because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎→The reference book is worthy to__be__bought (buy)，because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎→The reference book is worthy of being__bought (buy)，because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎→It is worthwhile buying/to__buy(buy) the reference book，because it is a great help for your study.‎ 这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。‎ ‎3.equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等 ‎(1)be equal to (doing) sth(in...) (在……方面)与……相等；能胜任……‎ equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 without equal　　无与伦比 ‎(2)equally adv. 相等地，相同地 equality n. 平等，同等；均等 ‎①In many respects women see themselves as equal__to their ‎ men.‎ 在很多方面，女性认为自己和丈夫平等。‎ ‎②None of us can equal her，either in beauty or as a dancer.‎ 不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。‎ ‎③Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be equally (equal) respected.‎ 任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是公共汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。‎ ‎④His paintings are without equal in the western world.‎ 他的画在西方世界首屈一指。‎ ‎[名师指津]　表示“胜任……”的短语还有：‎ ‎①be fit for　②be qualified for ‎4.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；导致；投稿 ‎(1)contribute...to... (把……)贡献给……；(向……) 捐款；投稿 contribute to 促成，导致；有助于；是……原因 ‎(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 make contributions/a contribution to (doing)... 对(做)……作出贡献 ‎①They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed(contribute)by the government.(教材原句)‎ 他们每天从每个成员那里筹集到大约1.35元，然后汇集到政府所捐赠的款子上。‎ ‎②The scientist was rewarded by the government for having made such a great contribution(contribute)to the country.‎ 这位科学家因对国家做了这么大的贡献而受到奖励。‎ ‎③A large population and too many private cars contribute to heavy traffic jam in the city.‎ 大量的人口和过多的私家车导致城市严重的交通阻塞。‎ ‎[名师指津]　contribute to和make a contribution/contributions to中的to都为介词，后要接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎④Every citizen should make contributions to protecting (protect) the environment.‎ 每个公民都应当为保护环境做贡献。‎ ‎5.alternative adj.可供替代的，供选择的；其他的n.可供选择的事物；选择对象 ‎(1)alternative energy　替代性能源 have no alternative/choice but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to... ……的替代品 ‎(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地 ‎①Scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative__energy.‎ 科学家正在研究新的方法来使用一些可替代性能源。‎ ‎②Though I don’t like the school lunch，I have no alternative but to__eat(eat).尽管我不喜欢学校准备的午餐，但我别无选择只好将就着吃。‎ ‎6.possession n.个人财产(常用复数)；拥有，具有 ‎(1)sb be in possession of sth　某人拥有某物 sth be in the possession of sb 某物为某人所拥有 take/have possession of 拥有；占领，夺取 ‎(2)possess vt. (使)占有，(使)拥有；支配(不用于进行时)‎ be possessed of 具有(某种品质、能力等)‎ ‎①Although he doesn’t possess much money，he is possessed of good health.‎ 虽然他没有很多钱，但是他拥有健康的身体。‎ ‎②Though dressed poorly，the old man is in possession of a large company.‎ ‎→Though the old man dresses himself poorly，a large company is in__the__possession__of him.‎ ‎→Though dressed poorly，the old man takes/has__possession__of a large company.‎ 尽管穿得很破，但这个老人拥有一家大公司。‎ ‎7.means n.手段，方法 ‎(1)a means of...　……的方法 means of production/transport/communication 生产工具/运输工具/通信手段 ‎(2)by means of 用，依靠；通过 by all means 无论如何；当然可以(口语)‎ by no means 绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要部分倒装)‎ ‎①She could not speak，but made her wishes known by__means__of signs.‎ 她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。‎ ‎②By__no__means is punishment a wise choice to assist them to grow up mentally and physically.‎ 惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心成长的明智选择。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当means表示“方法，方式，手段”时，单复数同形。means作主语若有every，each，one等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎③Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.‎ ‎→All possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.‎ 我们采取了各种各样的措施预防空气污染，但天空还是灰蒙蒙的。‎ ‎8.remind vt.提醒，使想起 remind sb of/about sth　使某人想起某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind sb that－/wh－clause 使某人想起……；提醒某人……‎ ‎①It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.(教材原句)‎ 这使我想起了我在苏丹的那段时光，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。‎ ‎②After getting the work done，we put up a board reminding people to__protect (protect)the trees.‎ 做完所有的工作后，我们竖起了布告牌提醒人们保护这些树。‎ ‎③Passengers are__reminded (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.‎ 旅客们被提醒在本次列车上禁止吸烟。‎ ‎[名师指津]　其他“v.＋sb of sth”结构的短语还有：‎ ‎①inform sb of sth　　通知某人某事 ‎②rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物 ‎③accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 ‎ ‎④warn sb of sth 警告某人某事 ‎⑤cure sb of sth 治愈某人某病 ‎⑥convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 ‎9.refer to 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中refer to的含义 ‎①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.查阅 ‎②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.参考 ‎③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及 ‎(1)refer to...as...　把……称作……‎ refer...to... 把……提交给/归类于……‎ ‎(2)reference n. 提及；参考；查阅 ‎④The scientists refer this flower to the rose family.‎ 科学家将这种花归入蔷薇科。‎ ‎⑤They referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.‎ 他们把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。‎ ‎⑥The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference (refer) books.‎ 课本和字典可以用作参考书。‎ ‎10.break down ‎ 出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉，崩溃；(谈判，计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中break down的含义 ‎①News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.失败 ‎②Let’s break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.分解 ‎③Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.出故障 ‎④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.身体垮掉 break up　 　打碎；驱散；(关系)破裂，分手；(会议等)结束；(物理)解体 break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入 break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)‎ break off 使折断；突然终止；中断(谈话等)‎ break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break away (from...) 逃脱；脱离 ‎⑤The manager broke off speaking to answer the cell phone.‎ 经理中断讲话去接电话。‎ ‎⑥Should another world war break out，what would become of human beings?‎ 万一又一次世界大战爆发， 人类将会发生什么事？‎ ‎⑦In order to get some money，the man broke up that old machine and sell some parts.‎ 为了弄些钱，那个人拆散了那部旧机器，卖掉部分零件。‎ ‎11.make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)‎ make no/little difference to　　对……没有影响/作用 make some/much difference to 对……有些/很大影响/作用 tell the difference between A and B 辨别A和B ‎①It’s through commitment and sweat that I can make__a__difference within myself inside and out.‎ 正是通过奉献和汗水，我才能够对自己的身心和行为产生影响。‎ ‎②Your age shouldn’t make__much__difference__to whether you get the job or not.‎ 你能否得到这份工作应该与你的年龄没有很大关系。‎ ‎③The twins are so alike; it’s difficult to __tell__the__difference.‎ 这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分出谁是谁。‎ ‎[重 点 句 型]‎ ‎1.This__land__was__difficult__to__farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.‎ 这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。‎ this land was difficult to farm是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，其中 this land是farm的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：‎ ‎(1)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, good, pleasant, interesting, exciting等 ‎(2)不定式与其逻辑主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词 ‎①The book Mum bought me for my birthday is easy ‎ to__understand__(understand).‎ 我生日时妈妈为我买的那本书容易理解。‎ ‎②This machine is very easy to__operate__(operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.‎ 这台机器很容易操作。任何人学习几分钟就会使用。‎ ‎③The flat，which is near the sea，is comfortable to__live__in.‎ 这套靠近大海的公寓住起来很舒适。‎ ‎2.If__only there were more people donating money to charities!‎ 但愿有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！‎ 本句中if only...引导的是一种虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“但愿/如果……就好了”，它还可用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。‎ ‎(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用if only sb did/were...‎ ‎(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb had done...‎ ‎(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望用if only sb would/could/might do...‎ ‎①If only I had(have)more money，I could buy some new clothes.‎ 如果我有更多的钱就好了，我可以买些新衣服了。‎ ‎②It’s too bad that I failed in the math exam.If only I__had__worked (work) hard at it!‎ 我数学考试不及格真是太糟糕了，要是我之前努力学习就好了。‎ ‎[名师指津]　only if表示“只有，只要”，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气；若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没用逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装。‎ ‎③In a word，only if you learn English by using it can__you__learn it well.‎ 总之，只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。‎ ‎[当 堂 达 标]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.My grandparents were from a remote (偏僻的) village in India.‎ ‎2.This charity (慈善团体) aims to help people in great need.‎ ‎3.She has to obtain (获得) her parents’ permission before she does anything.‎ ‎4.The workers are demanding to be paid a living wage (工资).‎ ‎5.Serious diseases are spreading among many of the flood victims (受害者).‎ ‎6.I want to know whether the two pieces of wood are of equal (相等的) length.‎ ‎7.I think that it is worthwhile (值得的) asking him to join the club.‎ ‎8.There are some areas of poverty (贫穷)，but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.‎ ‎9.Caught in the act，he had no alternative (可供选择的事物) but to confess.‎ ‎10.Knowledge or techniques have been acquired (获得) through exploration.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.If only I were (be) slimmer，then I would be happier.‎ ‎2.I like getting up early in the morning.You know the morning air is so good to__breathe (breathe).‎ ‎3.A diet lacking (lack) in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.‎ ‎4.Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.‎ ‎5.If you don’t like the school lunch，you have the alternative of bringing your own.‎ ‎6.He is possessed of good health，great self－confidence as well.‎ ‎7.You must remind him to__take (take) his medicine，in case he forgets.‎ ‎8.Our teacher always says to us that everyone could make contributions (contribute)to our society.‎ ‎9.It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing.‎ ‎10.What you have told her may make a difference to her life.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1.Their inventions have contributed to develop electrical engineering.develop→developing ‎2.The sofa bought by my father is very comfortable to sit.sit后加in ‎3.It was obvious that the boy entered the room by mean of a ladder.mean→means ‎4.I have no alternative to wait until his secretary comes.to前加but ‎5.She reminded me of that I had a meeting to attend that evening.去掉of Ⅳ.一句多译 ‎1.因为缺钱，他们买不起大公寓。‎ ‎①For__short__of__money，they__couldn’t__afford__to__buy__a__big__flat.(short)‎ ‎②For__lack__of__money，they__couldn’t__afford__to__buy__a__big__flat.(lack)‎ ‎2.他在会议上提出的计划值得考虑。‎ ‎①His__plan__put__forward__at__the__conference__is__worth__considering. ( worth)‎ ‎②His__plan__put__forward__at__the__conference__is__worthy__of__being__‎ considered. (be worthy of being done)‎ ‎③His__plan__put__forward__at__the__conference__is__worthy__to__be__‎ considered. (be worthy to be done)‎ ‎3.由于太晚了，他们别无选择，只好步行回家。‎ ‎①They__had__no__choice__but__to__walk__home__because__it__was__too__‎ late.(choice)‎ ‎②They__had__no__alternative__but__to__walk__home__because__it__was__too__‎ late.(alternative)‎ ‎4.所有可能的办法都已经尝试过了，但没有一种奏效。‎ ‎①Every__possible__means__has__been__tried，but__none__worked.(every)‎ ‎②All__possible__means__have__been__tried，but__none__worked.(all)‎ ‎[课 下 作 业]‎ A ‎(2018·宝鸡高三模拟)Gregory Talley used to sleep in a park or under a bridge.The 50－year－old has been homeless for more than 10 years.‎ ‎“It is hard.It’s hard to live homeless.You filled every day trying to find out where you are going to get something to eat.If I hadn’t found the wonderful Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter in Virginia，I wouldn’t know where I would be by now.I might be dead，” Talley said.‎ The Kennedy Shelter is one of the facilities New Hope Housing provides for homeless people.‎ Pam Michell has devoted her life to making the lives of this vulnerable (易受伤的) population better as executive director of the non－profit organization.‎ ‎“I went to Africa in 1985.And I saw a huge amount of ‎ poverty，but I saw so much hope.And I decided that I should try to do something that would bring hope to people，” Michell said.‎ When Michell began working with New Hope Housing 25 years ago，its three shelters had about 80 beds.Now，it has 350 beds and serves about 1，500 homeless people every year.She has expanded the program beyond just providing beds for the night.‎ ‎“We do outreach(外展服务); we do prevention; we do permanent housing; we do transitional housing.We have an education program with all sorts of different things to move people to end their homelessness，” she said.“Our Out of Poverty program is not just about money.It’s about you could be spiritually poor，you could be relationship poor...you could be educationally poor.So it is focusing on how you get out of this poverty that has brought you to being homeless.” The program tries to teach the shelter residents self－reliance (自立) and work values，and includes courses on planning and personal responsibility.‎ ‎“I learned I still have opportunities to change it and I can change it，” said shelter resident Lewis Webster.“It is just about going forth in doing necessary work to do it.I mean if you really want better，you would do better and that’s the frame of mind of me now.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了一个帮助流浪者的非营利组织。这个组织为流浪者提供住处，教育他们自立。‎ ‎1.Gregory Talley’s story is told at the beginning of the text to ________.‎ A.tell readers the situation for the poor in the US are getting worse B.introduce a non－profit organization that is trying to help the poor in the US C.disclose the truth that more and more homeless people are dying from hunger D.remind readers that the homeless people in the US have no trouble getting food 答案　B　[目的意图题。文章第一、二段介绍了五十岁的Talley流浪了十多年，如果没有Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter，他可能已经死去；接着下文介绍Kennedy Shelter是非营利性组织New Hope Housing为无家可归者提供的住处之一，并由此引出该组织对穷人的帮助。据此可以判断，B项正确。]‎ ‎2.According to Paragraph 6，Pam Michell started to bring hope to the homeless by ________.‎ A.providing clothes for them B.offering food to them C.building new houses for them D.offering them shelters for the night 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第六段的第一句和第三句中的“providing beds for the night”‎ 可知，Michell的慈善工作是通过为无家可归者提供住处开始的，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3.What is the final purpose of the education program?‎ A.To tell the homeless people the ways to make money.‎ B.To help the homeless people find the causes of their poverty.‎ C.To encourage the homeless to work and rely on themselves.‎ D.To teach the poor how to live a better life in the shelters.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第七段的最后一句可知，教育项目的最终目的是鼓励无家可归者依靠自己的双手生活，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A.Comfort in the Kennedy Shelter B.Ways to Achieve Success C.An Opportunity to Fight Homelessness D.An Organization to End Homelessness 答案　D　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个旨在帮助流浪者并最终让他们自食其力的非营利组织，故D项最能概括文意。]‎ B Bandhavgarh National Park in India is best known for its amazing setting，as well as having the highest concentration of tigers in India.In addition to tigers，there are also bears，deer，wolves，birds，etc.‎ Location：In Madhya Pradesh state，almost 200 kilometers northeast of Jabalpur.The nearest village is Tala，which is the access point of the park.‎ Opening Hours and Safari (游猎) Times Safaris operate twice a day，starting at dawn until late morning，and mid afternoon until sunset.The best time to visit the park is early in the morning or after 4 p.m.to spot the animals.The park is closed from July 1 to September 30 due to the monsoon season (季风季节).‎ Bandhavgarh Zones Bandhavgarh is divided into three main zones: Tala (the park’s best zone，with the most tigers)，Magdhi (the second best zone to see tigers)，and Khitauli (scenic and less visited，although tiger sightings do occur there; particularly good for birding).‎ Entry Fees and Charges for Jeep Safaris Bandhavgarh has become expensive to visit in recent years.Entry fees have increased since October 2014.When going on a safari，separate fees must be paid for park entry and jeep hire.Entry tickets are priced per vehicle (up to six people).For 2015－16，park entry tickets cost as follows：‎ ‎·Tala Zone: 2，400 rupees for Indians，4，800 rupees for foreigners.(Up to six people)‎ ‎·Other Zones: 1，200 rupees for Indians，2，400 rupees for foreigners.(Up to six people)‎ Jeep Hire Expect to pay about 2，200 rupees to hire a jeep，in addition to the entry cost.This can be done at the park entrance.All hotels can arrange jeep hire and tours，but at a higher rate.It’s much less trouble though.Besides，unlike many national parks in India，it’s possible to take private vehicles into Bandhavgarh.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章是印度的班达迦国家公园的旅游指南。‎ ‎5.What is Bandhavgarh National Park most famous for?‎ A.Lots of tigers.　　　 B.Beautiful birds.‎ C.Species of bears. D.A number of wolves.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。由文章开头的“Bandhavgarh National Park in India is best known for its amazing setting，as well as having the highest concentration of tigers in India”可知，该公园因众多的老虎而闻名。]‎ ‎6.When can you visit the park?‎ A.In July. B.In August.‎ C.In September. D.In October.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。由第三段末的“The park is closed from July 1 to September 30...”可知，该公园在七到九月关闭。故D项正确。]‎ ‎7.How much should five Americans pay for entry fees to visit Magdhi Zone?‎ A.1，200 rupees. B.2，400 rupees.‎ C.4，800 rupees. D.6，000 rupees.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。由Entry Fees and Charges for Jeep Safaris部分的“Entry tickets are priced per vehicle(up to six people)”及“Other Zones：1，200 rupees for Indians，2，400 rupees for foreigners.(Up to six people)”可知，作为外国人的五位美国游客可以乘坐一辆车游览Magdhi，需要交纳入场费2 400卢比。]‎ ‎8.Which of the following statements is TRUE about jeep hire in the park?‎ A.Tourists don’t have to hire jeeps.‎ B.Hiring jeeps from hotels costs less money.‎ C.Tourists can only hire a jeep from the park.‎ D.Jeep hire fees are included in the entry cost.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。由文章末的“unlike many national parks in India，it’s possible to take private vehicles into Bandhavgarh”可知，游客不是必须租吉普车，他们可以开自己的车进该公园游猎。]‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·洛阳高三模拟)Years ago，I celebrated my 40th birthday with several friends in a restaurant.Many of us arrived ahead of time and waited __1__ the restaurant.‎ As we stood on the sidewalk，a homeless man __2__ me and asked for __3__.I had merely brought my bank card，so I told him that I didn’t have any cash.He smiled __4__ at me，and moved on.‎ While the homeless man was __5__ near，a friend called out“Happy Birthday，Marc！”Upon __6__ this，the man turned ‎ and asked，“It’s your birthday？”I __7__.He walked back to me.I was completely __8__ for what happened next：the man __9__ his pocket，pulled out a dollar bill，and __10__ it to me saying，“Take this.Happy Birthday！”‎ ‎__11__ I was deeply moved by this act of generosity，__12__ money from a homeless man was not within my comfort zone.The man looked __13__ into my eyes and begged，“Please take this.__14__ is so good to me.I always have a place to sleep and enough food to eat.”I was still __15__ to accept this gift，but I heard a voice within me practically yelling，“TAKE THE MONEY！”I hesitantly reached out，saying“Thank you.”Tears began to __16__ down his face.He seized my hand，and gave me the dollar.Then he walked away with a smile.‎ Obviously，I __17__ far more than $1 from that experience！This was one of my greatest life __18__.No matter how poor we may be，we __19__ have something of __20__ to share with others.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过发生在自己身上的一件事，领悟到无论我们有多穷，我们总会有一些有价值的东西与别人分享。‎ ‎1.A.in B.beyond ‎ C.outside D.opposite 答案　C　[根据下文的“As we stood on the sidewalk，a homeless man”可知，许多人在餐馆外面等着。]‎ ‎2.A.stopped B.approached C.recognized D.greeted 答案　B　[后面的“asked for”说明一个无家可归的人向“我”靠近(approached)。]‎ ‎3.A.food B.shelter C.direction D.money 答案　D　[根据下文的“我告诉他我没带现金”可知，这里应该是要钱。]‎ ‎4.A.quietly B.coldly ‎ C.sadly D.wildly 答案　A　[下文说当他知道今天是“我”生日时，他给“我”钱作为礼物，由此可以排除B、C、D三项，A项表示“他静静地笑了笑”。]‎ ‎5.A.even B.still ‎ C.too D.so 答案　B　[由下文可知，他听到“我”的朋友说生日快乐，这说明他仍然(still)离“我”很近。]‎ ‎6.A.seeing B.feeling C.hearing D.observing 答案　C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎7.A.disagreed B.nodded ‎ C.declined D.doubted 答案　B　[今天是“我”的生日是实际情况，所以“我”点头(nodded)。disagree“不同意”；decline“下降”；doubt“怀疑”。]‎ ‎8.A.unprepared B.eager C.anxious D.grateful 答案　A　[根据后面的描述可知，“我”没有想到他会这么做，他给了“我”一美元。be unprepared for“对……没有准备”。]‎ ‎9.A.reached into B.looked into C.carried out D.turned out 答案　A　[他把手伸进口袋，故用reach into。look into“调查”；carry out“执行”；turn out“结果是”。]‎ ‎10.A.returned B.paid ‎ C.afforded D.offered 答案　D　[offer sth to sb表示“提供某人某物”，符合语境。return“归还”；pay“付钱”；afford“买得起”。]‎ ‎11.A.Once B.Although ‎ C.Since D.If 答案　B　[尽管(Although)“我”被这种慷慨的行为深深感动，但是“我”对接受(accepting)一个无家可归的人的钱感觉不舒服。]‎ ‎12.A.spending B.earning C.accepting D.borrowing 答案　C　[参见上题解析。]‎ ‎13.A.directly B.surprisedly ‎ C.happily D.angrily 答案　A　[此处表示“他直直地注视着我的眼睛并乞求”，故用directly“直接地”。]‎ ‎14.A.Time B.Ambition ‎ C.Belief D.Life 答案　D　[根据后面他说他有睡觉的地方并有足够的食物吃可知，此处应该是生活对他来说挺好。]‎ ‎15.A.delighted B.embarrassed C.hesitant D.willing 答案　C　[此处表示“我还是犹豫要不要接受他的礼物”，故选C。delighted“高兴的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”；willing“愿意的”。]‎ ‎16.A.let B.put ‎ C.pour D.fall 答案　C　[此处表示“眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来”，故用pour down。]‎ ‎17.A.lost B.gained ‎ C.saved D.made 答案　B　[此处表示“这次经历给我带来的收获远远超出一美元”，故选gained。]‎ ‎18.A.lessons B.skills ‎ C.goals D.styles 答案　A　[此处表示“这是我所获得的最好的人生经验之一”，故用lessons，表示“经验”。]‎ ‎19.A.only B.hardly ‎ C.almost D.always 答案　D　[此处表示“无论我们多穷，我们总会有一些有价值(value)的东西与别人分享”，故用always。]‎ ‎20.A.importance B.amusement C.value D.use 答案　C　[参见上题解析。importance“重要性”；amusement“娱乐”；use“使用”。]‎