2019届高考英语复习热点题型专练：（8）七选五（二） 7页

七选五（二）‎ A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. __1__‎ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. __2__ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable—destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants. __3__ That means harmful materials may get into our food supply.‎ ‎__4__ Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer singleuse product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work—where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end them after the first use. We could, when we get rid of plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.‎ The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. __5__ And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. And all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.‎ A．Then, fish may eat the plastic.‎ B．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.‎ C．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.‎ D．The report tells about the harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.‎ E．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.‎ F．But people can make a big difference.‎ G．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一份新的报告指出：被丢弃的塑料汇聚到海洋，不仅严重污染了海洋环境，而且最终会通过鱼等海洋生物进入人体，危害人类健康。同时，该报告也指出了个人以及企业应该如何采取措施来改善这种状况。‎ ‎1．D　根据语境可判断出，D项承接上文“A new report says ...”，进一步阐释该报告的内容，故选D。‎ ‎2．C　根据上下文语境及下句中的“collects in the sea”可知，被丢弃在河里和其他航道的塑料最终会流入沿海地区和大洋水域，故选C。‎ ‎3．A　由设空处前后的句子可知，此处叙述海洋污染和人类食物污染之间的关系，故A项符合语境，故选A。‎ ‎4．F　本段谈的是人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋及海洋环境的污染，故F项“But ‎ people can make a big difference.”符合语境，总领该段并与上文形成转折。‎ ‎5．B　根据设空前一句中的“The report also calls on companies to improve ... plastics.”及空后“And it calls for ...”可知，本段重在阐释该报告对各个公司在合理使用塑料方面的要求。B项中的It指代The report, them指代companies，且全句符合前后语境。故选B。‎ 七选五 Technology and kids: 4 ways to unplug A recent report by Common Sense Media found that over one－third of 0－to 8－year－olds studied had used a smartphone, iPad or a similar tablet. Eleven percent of children used these things on a daily basis despite doctors' warnings against too much screen time.‎ So how do we make sure our little ones will grow up to be well－rounded adults and not over－stimulated zombies (麻木迟钝的人) ? __1__ ‎ Make crafts part of every week. Crafts may seem like fluffy stuff, but cutting paper and drawing build the hand muscles kids will need for writing. __2__ ‎ Limit screen time. Setting family boundaries for TV, computers and smartphones frees up precious time for family bonding. Separating yourself from your iPhone may be difficult, but in order to limit screen time, you should set an example for your child.‎ Grab a story and snuggle (依偎). Reading aloud to your child opens his eyes to people, places, animals and ideas beyond the world of SpongeBob SquarePants. __3__ ‎ ‎__4__ Schedule a day at the park or beach for the family, and leave the gadgets (小装置) at home. Without the distractions of a smartphone, you will be able to give your child the undivided attention he deserves.‎ ‎__5__ Encouraging time away from the virtual world helps to keep your child relaxed, curious and focused on the things that really matter.‎ A．Plan a tech－free family day.‎ B．Invest in open－ended toys.‎ C．Here are some things you can do.‎ D．Participation in the kitchen is beneficial in a number of ways.‎ E．Commit yourself to doing crafts at least 3 times a week with your child.‎ F．It's important to make an effort to show your child life outside of small screens.‎ G．Hearing you read different stories can broaden his vocabulary and develop a lifelong love of books.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要为家长列举了四种方法帮助孩子远离电子产品。‎ ‎1．C 分析文章结构可知，下文列举的是几种方法。故选C。‎ ‎2．E 根据该段中的“Make crafts part of every week.”及“build the hand muscles kids will need”可知选E。‎ ‎3．G 根据上文中的“Reading aloud to your child opens his eyes ...”可知，本段讲述给孩子读故事书的好处。故选G。‎ ‎4．A 根据空后的“Schedule a day at the park ... leave the gadgets (小装置) at home.”可知，本段大意为：规划一个远离电子技术产品的家庭日。故选A。‎ ‎5．F 根据空后的“Encouraging time away from the virtual world”可知，F项中的“life outside of small screens”与其呼应。故选F。‎ 七选五 Should schoolchildren have jobs?‎ ‎    Now at school, the last thing you probably want to do is spend your weekends going to work. There is homework to do and sport to play. ①__________ When I was a teenager I had a Saturday job in a supermarket: stacking(摆放) shelves and working at the checkout.‎ ‎    Today in the UK you are allowed to work from the age of 13, and many children do take up part-time jobs. ②__________ Teenagers agree that it teaches valuable lessons about working with adults and also about managing your money. So, that’s no bad thing!‎ ‎    Some research has shown that not taking on a Saturday or holiday job could be harmful to a person later on. But despite this, recent statistics have shown that the number of schoolchildren in theUKwith a part-time job has fallen by a fifth in the past five years.‎ ‎   ③__________Probably not. Some experts feel that young people feel going out to work will affect their performance at school, and they are under more pressure now to study hard and get good exam results. However, Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, told BBC News “Properly regulated part-time work is a good way of helping young people learn skills that they will need in their working lives.” In reality’ it’s all about getting the right balance between doing part-time work and having enough time to study and rest.‎ ‎    ④__________One 13 year-old girl called Rachel, who has a Saturday job in a shop, told the BBC that “l enjoy my job because I’m earning money and it helps increase my confidence in speaking to people and socializing with people I work with.” That seems like something worth getting up on a Saturday morning. ⑤__________‎ A. Do you do a Part-time job when you are at school?‎ B. So you are not free to do what you are feeling like doing.‎ C. It is a waste of time and does no good to your career prospect.‎ D. It’s a taste of independence and a useful thing to put on your CV (简历).‎ E. Does this mean that British teenagers are now more afraid of hard work?‎ F. But your Parents probably persuade you to find a job and get some life experience.‎ G. Many young people actually want to work because it gives them a sense of freedom.‎ 解析：‎ 本文是对学童是否应该有工作这个问题的一个讨论。‎ ‎1. 考查上文和句意理解。根据下文:当我还是个孩子的时候我在超市有一个星期六的工作:摆放货架和做结帐工作。我就是在父母的说服下去做工作的,可知上文:但你的父母可能会说服你找份工作并获得一些生活经验。故选F。‎ ‎2. 考查上文和句意理解。根据上文:今天,在英国,你被允许从13岁开始工作,许多孩子确实从事兼职工作。可知下文:它(孩子从事兼职工作)被放在你的简历里也是一件有用的事情。因为下文中的it是指上文提到的“孩子从事兼职工作”,使用该关键词的提示就可以找到答案。故选D。‎ ‎3. 考查上文和句意理解。根据本段结构可知,下文的“可能不是”就是对上文“这是否意味着英国青少年现在更害怕艰苦的工作?”的一个回答。即:可能不是害怕艰苦工作,而是学业压力太重了。故选E。‎ ‎4. 考查上文和句意理解。根据下文:我挣钱,有助于提高我与人交谈和社交的信心。可知上文:许多年轻人实际上想工作,因为这给了他们一种自由感。可以用自己的钱做自己想做的事,还能自由交流。故选G。‎ ‎5. 考查上文和句意理解。在文章结尾处用一句疑问句“你在学校做兼职工作吗?”对本段主题“对学童是否应该有工作这个问题的一个讨论”作为结尾,希望获得更多的信息。故选A。‎ 七选五 Ten requirements for teens that won't get them into college but will make them better people ‎•Write a letter. An actual letter that does not begin with “Hey ” and is written, in handwriting, on real paper.‎ ‎•Read a book for pleasure. __1__ Repeat when needed until you find a book you really love.‎ ‎•Hold down an unpleasant job that makes you hate your parents a little bit because they won't let you quit.‎ ‎•Go somewhere for the weekend without your phone. __2__ ‎ ‎•Every time you get a new toy or gadget (小玩意), give an old toy or gadget away to someone who doesn't get new things as often as you do.‎ ‎•Take care of someone or something other than yourself. __3__ And if it's a dog, learn to brush the dog far enough away from the back door so that the hair does not all come back in your house when you are finished.‎ ‎•__4__ Even if this person hasn't given you a holiday or birthday present, find something to thank him for.‎ ‎•Learn to cook a good meal that can feed the entire family, no matter what size family you have.‎ ‎•Do something nice for a neighbor without expecting any credit for it and keep your identity secret.‎ ‎•__5__ If you want to aim for the top, good for you. But try to get there slowly,‎ ‎ without knocking everyone else out of the way. Or missing the beautiful view.‎ A．Don't race to the top.‎ B．A pet does nicely here.‎ C．Guess which job taught me more about life.‎ D．Then you may know what it feels like to be alone.‎ E．If you start one and still hate it on page 50, find another one.‎ F．Write a heartfelt thank－you note to someone over the age of 70.‎ G．Put the newspaper on the front step if it landed in the middle of the driveway.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了十件对青少年成长有益的事情。‎ ‎1．E E项中的“page 50”符合本段关于读书的语境，且“find another one”与设空后的“until you find a book”相呼应，故选E项。‎ ‎2．D 根据本空前的“without your phone”及我们的日常经验可知，不带手机意味着无法与其他人取得联系，只能“独自一人”，这与D项中的“to be alone”相呼应。‎ ‎3．B 根据本空后的“if it's a dog”可知，作者在这里以“宠物”为例，建议青少年照顾其他人或物。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎4．F 根据本段中的“find something to thank him for”可知，作者建议青少年写一封“感谢信”，F项符合前后语境。‎ ‎5．A　A项中的“Don't race to the top”与空后的“the top”，“get there slowly”相呼应。故选A项。‎ 七选五 Some people describe American society as a salad bowl while others think of it as a melting pot.‎ In a bowl of salad, all the ingredients are mixed together. __1__ Together, however, the ingredients make up a unity. All the ingredients of a salad contribute to the finished product. They may be covered with the same dressing (调味酱), but the green vegetables, tomatoes and cooked corn can all be seen for what they are.‎ From this point of view, America is very much like a salad bowl where individual ethnic groups mix together, yet maintain their cultural uniqueness. People may work together during the day at similar jobs and in the same companies, but at night they may return to their ethnic groups where their own individual culture directs their way of life.‎ ‎__2__ Each ethnic group has its own special customs, language, food and traditions to protect and defend. This idea of the salad bowl is referred to as cultural diversity; that is, American society is a collection of various cultures living together in harmony within one country.‎ ‎__3__ Here, society is like one large pot of soup. All cultural aspects are mixed together, sacrificing their original identity and keeping a bit of what they were ‎ to become a new reality. The longer the soup is cooked, the better the taste and the more likely it will be for the mixture to dissolve. In this sense, America can surely be seen as a melting pot where people from all over the world come to live and work together forming one nation. There are dozens of shared symbols. __4__ In such a culture, symbols like the flag and the nation's official song serve to break down the walls which separate ethnic groups.‎ Whether a salad bowl or a melting pot, America can be best described as a mixture of both. __5__ ‎ A．Both are correct depending on one's point of view.‎ B．They never lose their shapes, colors or tastes.‎ C．This is why there is so much diversity within America.‎ D．In other words, America is a nation where there is unity in diversity.‎ E．Thus, one needs to abandon one's culture to be considered “American”．‎ F．They serve to develop the various ethnic groups to create a new American culture.‎ G．The other theory, which is also used to describe American society, is the melting pot.‎ 篇章导读：本文为说明文。文章主要说明了美国社会被称为色拉碗以及大熔炉的原因。‎ ‎1．B　根据上文中的“all the ingredients”和最后一句中的“can all be seen for what they are”可知在色拉碗里，各种色拉的成分混合在一起，但它们还都保持各自的形状、颜色及口味，所以答案是B。‎ ‎2．C　根据本段第三句中的“is referred to as cultural diversity”及下文的解释可知，这就是为什么在美国有如此多样性的原因，每一个族群都有自己的语言及风俗习惯等，所以答案是C。‎ ‎3．G　由本段中的第五句可知下文主要讲述了美国社会被称为大熔炉的原因，所以G项起到统领和引出下文的作用。故选G。‎ ‎4．F　根据上下文可知，来自世界不同地方的人来美国定居，他们创造出一种新的美国文化，且F项中的“a new American culture”与下一句中的“In such a culture”相衔接和照应。故选F。‎ ‎5．D　根据上句中的“a mixture of both”可知，美国是色拉碗还是大熔炉，美国最好可以被称为两者的混合物。也就是说，美国是一个具有多样性统一的国家，所以答案是D。‎ 七选五 You have some great ideas. But they don't come out because of what your friends say or because you think that only a few people can be creative geniuses (天才). And, you, of course, think that you couldn't be one of them. __1__ ‎ Anyone who is a creative genius will tell you that creativity is very much like a muscle that needs to be developed. __2__ On the other hand, keep working at it, and this skill will soon be ready for action whenever you need it. So how do you ‎ develop your own personal style of creative thinking?‎ You should realize that your brain has a greater capacity (容量) and a higher speed than the world's biggest and fastest computer.__3__ Read, watch and listen to everything around you—good and bad. The more you know, the more you'll want to know, and the more your brain will be exercised. ‎ Try something new every day. __4__You need to step out of your comfort zone (舒适地带) more and more each day.‎ Follow these suggestions, and begin thinking beyond your “limits” from today. __5__Who knows, your idea might be the next great idea to change the world.‎ A．But actually, this is not true at all.‎ B．Your constructive ideas should be accepted by others.‎ C．So it's important to get as much information as you can every day.‎ D．You'll soon have a life full of interesting and exciting adventures.‎ E．A good social environment can influence your creative thinking positively.‎ F．Let your experiences show you more about the world and people around you.‎ G．If you don't learn how to develop creative thinking, this skill, just like a muscle, will become poor and useless.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者就如何培养创造性思维给出了有效的建议。‎ ‎1．A 空格前面提到人们因为朋友说的话或者他们自己觉得只有少数人才能成为具有创造力的天才而使自己的想法没有为大家所知。下文主要阐述了一些可以提高创造性思维的方法，因此，空处应该选一个承上启下的句子，故A项“但是实际上，这种想法一点儿都不对”符合语境。‎ ‎2．G 设空处前一句将创造力比喻成需要被锻炼的肌肉，G项中的“like a muscle”与前文相呼应和承接，另结合句意，可确定G项符合语境。‎ ‎3．C　设空后内容表述你知道的越多，你想知道的就会越多，你的大脑就越会得到锻炼。故C项“因此，每天得到尽可能多的信息是很重要的”符合语境。‎ ‎4．F 设空处前一句提到每天要尝试新事物，而F项“让你的经历向你展示有关你周围的世界和人的更多(信息)”正是这样做的结果。‎ ‎5．D 由空前的“begin thinking beyond your ‘limits’ from today”和后文的“your idea might be the next great idea to change the world”可知，D项“你将很快拥有一个充满有趣的和令人兴奋的冒险经历的生活”符合语境。‎