2021版高考英语一轮复习语法训练：名词性从句导学案新人教版 5页

名词性从句 考点一　引导名词性从句的连接词 ‎1.连接代词who,whose,whom,what,which及wh-ever等 它们有词义,在从句中作成分。what∕whatever指物,作主语、宾语、 定语、表语;who∕whoever指人,在从句中作主语、宾语;whom∕whomever指人,在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语;which∕whichever指人或物,在从句中作定语、主语、宾语。带-ever的连接词意义上有“任何……”之意。‎ What I want to know is the price of the bike.‎ 我想知道的就是自行车的价格。‎ You can buy whatever you need in the shop.‎ 在这家商店你能买到任何你需要的东西。‎ whoever,whatever,wherever...等引导的从句不仅是句子的语气加强了,而且此类词引导的句子表示让步和泛指的概念,而who,what,where...等引导的句子表示具体的概念。如:‎ What he said is right.‎ 他所说的是对的。(特指他这次所说的事情)‎ Whatever he said is right.‎ 无论他说什么都是对的。‎ 此处,whatever= anything what,表示泛指和让步,意为“无论他说什么”。‎ Who will do it is not decided.‎ 谁去做这件事还没有确定。(指一次具体的动作)‎ Whoever does it will be punished.‎ 无论谁做了这件事,都要受到惩罚。‎ ‎(此处特别强调“无论是谁”)‎ wh-ever这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用no matter+who∕what∕which...代替。‎ ‎2.连接副词when,where,why,how等 它们有词义,在句中作状语。when表时间,why表原因,where表地点,how表方式、程度。‎ This is why I came here.‎ 这是我来这儿的原因。‎ - 5 -‎ I have no idea where he went.‎ 我不知道他去了哪里。‎ I don’t know when I will see her again.‎ 我不知道何时才能再见到她。‎ He showed us his way how he worked out that problem.‎ 他向我们展示了他计算那道题的方法。‎ ‎3.从属连词that,whether,if ‎(1)that无词义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。引导宾语从句时可省略,引导其他名词性从句时不能省略。‎ I heard (that) he won the first prize.‎ 我听说他得了一等奖。‎ My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.‎ 我的建议是讨论一下这件事。‎ She expressed the hope that she would come to China one day.‎ 她表达了有一天要来中国的愿望。‎ ‎(2)whether和if表示“是否”,但在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分。除在宾语从句中常可互换外,主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句一般由whether连接。‎ Whether they would support us was a problem.‎ 他们是否会支持我们还是个问题。‎ ‎4.as if∕as though 引导的表语从句 as if∕as though 引导的表语从句常跟在be 动词,seem,look,taste,sound,feel,appear 等动词之后。从句可以用陈述语气,也可以用虚拟语气。‎ The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.‎ 浓雾笼罩着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑毯子覆盖到它的上面。‎ It seems as if it is going to rain.‎ 看上去好像要下雨了。‎ 此处使用陈述语气而非虚拟语气。‎ ‎5.because,why 引导的表语从句 because,why 也可引导表语从句,但because 引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason 或cause - 5 -‎ ‎ (该结构常用that 引导)。‎ 常用于以下句型:‎ China is developing fast.That’s why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.‎ 中国在飞速发展,这就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。‎ The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.‎ 他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。‎ 考点二　that,what引导的名词性从句的区别 引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语、定语或宾语。‎ It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)‎ 我从没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。‎ The reason for her absence is that she has to take care of her sick mother.(表语从句)‎ 她缺席的原因是她得照顾她生病的母亲。‎ What was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句;what在从句中作主语)‎ 她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。‎ As a young man,he doesn’t know what it takes to start a shop here.(宾语从句;what在从句中作宾语)‎ 作为一名年轻人,他不知道在这儿开商店需要什么。‎ China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句;what在从句中作表语)中国不再是过去的样子了。‎ 考点三　宾语从句的否定转移 主句主语是第一人称,谓语为think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等时,宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句谓语动词用肯定式。‎ I don’t think he will come by train.‎ - 5 -‎ 我认为他不会坐火车来。‎ I don’t suppose that we can win the game.‎ 我认为我们赢不了这场比赛。‎ ‎1.There is evidence 　　　　 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国Ⅰ) ‎ ‎2.What students do at college seems to matter much more than 　　　　 they go.(2019北京) ‎ ‎3.It is possible 　　　　 caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans,too.(2018年11月浙江) ‎ ‎4.Every year,　　　　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京) ‎ ‎5.She asked me 　　　　 I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017天津) ‎ 答案及剖析:‎ ‎1.that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处说明evidence的内容,且从句中不缺成分,故答案为that。‎ ‎2.where　考查宾语从句。在介词than后用where引导宾语从句,where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要。”‎ ‎3.that　考查主语从句。语意表示“咖啡因可能导致婴儿的出生缺陷”,此处It是形式主语,真正的逻辑主语是that引导的从句。‎ ‎4.whoever　本题考查主语从句。本句句意:每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少主语成分,并且有“无论”之意,因此应用whoever引导,表示“无论哪个人,无论谁”。‎ ‎5.whether　本题考查宾语从句。句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆,我承认我还没有归还。根据题干可知,设空处引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,应填whether。‎ - 5 -‎ - 5 -‎