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高考英语一轮复习板块2需要“变形”的名词数词形容词和副词第2讲形容词副词和比较级教学案牛津译林版 2

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第2讲 形容词、副词和比较级 ‎ [全国卷考情分析]‎ 题型 典题试做 命题解读 语 法 填 空 ‎1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher (high) than they actually are.‎ ‎2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly_(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.‎ ‎3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Her years of hard work have finally(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.‎ ‎4.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely (huge)popular with tourists.‎ ‎1.考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法;‎ ‎2.考查词类转换。‎ 考点一 形容词和副词的基本用法 单句语法填空 ‎1.(2019·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ________(quiet),cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ quieter [考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than可知,此处用比较级。]‎ ‎2.(2019·唐山第一次调研)Al's adult son, Ernie, however,is one of the ________(kind) men I have ever known.‎ kindest [考查形容词的最高级。句意:然而Al已成年的儿子Ernie是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据I have ever known可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。]‎ ‎3.(2019·广东七校联合体第二次联考)My dad was 90 years old.He could hardly see 7‎ ‎ very well and walks with a stick.I was scanning the restaurant,waiting to sit at the first table that was ________(convenient) than others.‎ more convenient [考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的than可知,空处用形容词的比较级。]‎ ‎4.(2019·淮北模拟)The more you think about it, the ________ (hard) you will fall asleep.‎ harder [此题考查“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构。]‎ ‎1.形容词的基本用法 ‎(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。‎ Although it doesn't taste of anything special,it's still worth a try.‎ 尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方,但是还是值得一试。‎ Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.‎ 天气状况太差,他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。‎ ‎(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。‎ Lighthearted and optimistic,she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.‎ 她无忧无虑、积极乐观,是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。‎ ‎[易错提醒] 以ly结尾的形容词,常见的有:friendly,lovely,lively,lonely,elderly,deadly 等。‎ ‎2.副词的基本用法 ‎(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。‎ They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.‎ 他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。‎ ‎(2)常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile“在此期间”;therefore/thus/consequently“因此,所以”;moreover/furthermore“而且,此外”;besides“另外,还有”;however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”;otherwise“否则”。‎ The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead,he bought a used one.‎ 那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。‎ The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,I'd grown fond of our little rented house.‎ 7‎ 这个房子太贵、太大了,而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。‎ ‎[易错提醒] 易用错的几类副词 ‎(1)意义有别的同根副词。如:free(免费地)/freely(自由地),hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不),late(晚,迟)/lately(最近),most(很,最)/mostly(主要地),fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地),near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。‎ ‎(2)有些副词有两种形式:以ly结尾时表示抽象意义;与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如:close接近/closely密切地;wide宽地/widely广泛地;high高地/highly高度地;deep深地/deeply 深深地。‎ 考点二 形容词和副词的比较等级 单句语法填空 ‎1.(2019·广州调研)Salesmen and waiters are two of the ________ (much) common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.‎ most [考查形容词的最高级。该处指“最常见的”,故用最高级。]‎ ‎2.(2019·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the ________ (fast) you will move toward your goal.‎ faster [句意:你赢得别人的支持越多,就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,意为“越……越……”。因此,设空处应用比较级。故填faster。]‎ ‎3.(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)Whatever happens in China, the third ________ (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world's population, will certainly shape the immediate and distant futures of us all.‎ largest [考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知,此处表示最高级的含义,故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。]‎ ‎1.比较级和最高级的构成 ‎(1)规则变化 变化规则 例词 单音节的词一般在后 面加er和est tall→taller→tallest quick→quicker→quickest 以“辅音字母+e”结尾 的词,在后面加r和st late→later→latest pale→paler→palest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的 early→earlier→earliest 7‎ 词,将y改为i,再加er和est heavy→heavier→heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重 读闭音节词,则双写这个 辅音字母,再加er和est thin→thinner→thinnest hot→hotter→hottest 其他双音节和多音节的词 都在前面加more和most careful→more careful ‎→most careful ‎[易错提醒] 有少数几个双音节以及ow,er,le结尾的词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词:narrow,common,clever,simple,quiet,stupid等。‎ ‎(2)不规则变化 good/well→better→best;bad/ill→worse→worst;many/much→more→most;far→farther/further→farthest/furthest;old→older/elder→oldest/eldest;little→less→least ‎2.比较等级的用法 ‎(1)同级比较 ‎①as+adj./adv.(原形)+as...“和……一样”;not as/so+adj./adv.(原形)+as...“和……不一样”‎ Since people are fond of humor,it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.因为人们喜欢幽默,所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。‎ ‎②当as...as结构中有名词时,可用以下结构:‎ as+形容词原级+a(n)+n.+as...‎ as+many+可数名词复数+as...‎ as+much+不可数名词+as...‎ I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累,我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。‎ ‎(2)比较级 ‎“形容词/副词比较级+than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less+形容词/副词原级+than”结构,表示“一方不及另一方……”。‎ I know my sister better than anyone else.Once she has made up her mind,nothing can change it.‎ 我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定决心,没有什么能够改变。‎ 7‎ ‎[易错提醒] 修饰比较等级的副词:much,even,still,far,yet,a little,a lot,a bit,rather,any等。more,very等副词不可修饰比较级,这也是语法填空中常出现的错误之一。‎ ‎(3)最高级 ‎①表示三者或三者以上的比较,常见的结构:“the+最高级+表示比较范围的短语或从句”,表示“……是……中最……的”。‎ Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got.‎ 安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。‎ ‎②最高级的其他表达法 a.否定词+比较级 b.比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比较级+than+all the other+复数名词 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 比较级+than anything/anyone else Your story is perfect;I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了,我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。‎ The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。‎ ‎[易错提醒] 有些词本身就有最高级含义,不能再用最高级形式,常见的有:favorite,wonderful,exhausted等;有些词本身有比较级含义,但不与than连用,如be senior to等。‎ ‎(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型 ‎①“the+adj./adv.er,the+adj./adv.er” “越……,越……”‎ ‎②“adj./adv.er+and+adj./adv.er”“越来越……”‎ ‎③“the+adj.er+of the two+名词”“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”‎ ‎④no more than“仅仅”,not more than“至多;不超过”‎ ‎⑤more...than...“与其说……不如说……”‎ ‎⑥no+比较级+than “和……一样不……”‎ ‎⑦not+比较级+than “不比……更……”。‎ ‎⑧倍数句型 a.A is+倍数+比较级+than+B b.A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B c.A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+B The more positive an article,the more likely it was to be shared.‎ 7‎ 一篇文章越积极乐观,就越有可能被大众分享。‎ The electronic waste is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.总的来说,电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。‎ More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.‎ 越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。‎ 考点三 形容词和副词的词性转换 单句语法填空 ‎1.(2019·河南郑州一中测试)________(sad), people can no longer visit the cave.‎ Sadly [考查副词。句意:很遗憾,人们不能再参观那个洞穴了。空格处位于句首作状语修饰后面整个句子,故用副词形式;根据提示词可推知用sadly,且位于句首,其首字母要大写。]‎ ‎2.(2019·山西孝义实验中学二模)As the last name became ________(wide) accepted, the first letter was capitalized.‎ widely [考查副词辨析。句意:随着姓氏被广泛接受,其首字母被大写。设空处作状语,修饰accepted,故填副词widely。wide也可作副词,但表示“充分张开”,因此此处不能填wide。]‎ ‎3.(2019·重庆第一次调研)The lava stone areas are ________(color) because the lava is rich in many kinds of minerals.‎ colorful [考查形容词。该空作表语,说明主语的性质、状态,故用形容词。colorful表示“色彩丰富的”。]‎ 形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语,应用形容词形式;如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子,则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构,判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分,并牢记形容词变副词的规则(可参见第三讲构词法),是解答此类题目的关键。‎ ‎【技法点拨】‎ 在语法填空中:‎ ‎1.准确理解句意,分析句子结构,判断空格处要填的词在句中作什么成分。如果用来修饰名词或位于系动词后作表语,应为形容词;如果用来修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子,则为副词。‎ ‎2‎ 7‎ ‎.观察空格后是否有表示比较的提示词than,表示比较范围的in/of短语、定语从句、或含有比较级的固定句式,如“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构等,以此判断是否需要填形容词或副词的比较等级。另外,解题时还需注意上下文提供的一些暗示信息。‎ 7‎