高考英语二轮复习专题06阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题测含解析 12页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题 6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题 班级 姓名 学号 分数 （测试时间：45 分钟） 1. 【安徽省皖南八校 2018 届高三第二次联考英语试题】A Sanlinx Inc. first introduced its original market defining SayaJoy Soy Milk Maker over 14 years ego to the North America market. Now we are introducing the SoyaPower G4, the fourth generation of advanced soy milk makers replacing the top rated SayaPower Plu. The SoyaPower has been a best seller for nearly two years before it was replaced by the G4, with more favorable ratings than any other soy milk maker during its lifetime. The SoyaPower G4 retains all the SoyaPower Plus features and functions. It makes soy milk, almond milk from other nuts seeds, or grains or a combination of them It makes both fully cooked and raw milks. It even makes creamy soups and porridge and hot chocolate drink. The Main Improvements ●The G4 adds stainless steel to the lower part of the machine head, and thus makes the total grinding and cooking chamber all stainless steel. This is very important for people who are concerned of plastic leaching into food. ●The G4 changed to bottom heating like a typical electric water kettle. Since soy milk or soups are easily burnt onto bottom heating plate, many other bottom heating makers suffer from this problem. The G4 solved this problem by using advanced technologies and design. ●The perfect technology ensures excellent grinding and milk yields. It also makes the use and cleaning even easier. ●Eight push button functions, for making milks from soaked beans, dry beans, and other seeds and grains or combination of them. It also makes soups and porridge. It even has a function to make hot chocolate! 3. What does the underlined word "retains" in paragraph 3 mean? A. keeps B. replaces C. obtains D. prohibits 【答案】3.A 【解析】文章介绍了一种新型畅销的豆奶机 SoyaPower G4 的功能和各方面的改进和提高。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 3. A 猜测词义题。此处指 SoyaPower G4 保留了 SoyaPower Plus 所有的特点和功能， "retains"保留，与 keeps 同义，故选 A. 2. 【湖北八校 2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】D Even for a certified teacher with a degree and teaching certificate from Florida, a certain embarrassment exists. The two words “English teacher” don’t clearly show who I am. Let me explain: When I go back to the US, I meet all my old friends. Some are stressed, exhausted and generally unhappy. They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills. Even the ones making good money don’t even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves. If I were in the US and I was working as a teacher, accountant, lawyer or so on, then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents, but I would be limited in being able to explore them. In China the system is fluid for everyone: Chinese and expats（侨民）. I know many friends, both Chinese and expats, who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didn’t require going back to university four more years. All it required was motivation and a calculated risk. One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career choices and actually find one that I truly love. Let’s face it people change over the years: Your likes, your abilities and even the things that make you happy are constantly changing. Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities also change with you? When people ask me if I love my job, my answer is ‘YES.’ In China I have had many jobs: actor, model, salesman and teacher at various stages during my seven years here. And no one told me “You can’t do that.” There was no self-limiting. In China, if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corner. 14. What does the underlined word “fluid” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Strict. B. Fixed. C. Changeable. D. Exciting. 【答案】14. C 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 3. 【山东省曲阜市 2018 届高三上学期期中】D It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There ’ s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: The global warming over the last half - century has been caused mainly by human activity.” You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket. Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build - up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere - not the warming we would expect from other possible causes. Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?” The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths-one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty. 14. The underline word ‘‘identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________. A. exactly the same B. totally different C. extremely important D. partly independent 【答案】14. A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 地球，一个是没有人类活动的地球，对两个实验进行参照性的比较，显然这是不可能的，所以 ‘‘identical”的意思是完全一样的，故选 A。 4. 【湖北省荆州市 2018 届高三上学期第一次质量检查】C On August 25, an American family’s vacation went terribly wrong. A man, his wife and their three children stopped at a shooting range (靶场) in the southwestern state of Arizona, where people pay to fire guns at targets. Charles Vacca worked for the business, called Bullets and Burgers. He helped the family’s nine-year-old girl shoot a submachine gun called an Uzi. But the girl lost control of the weapon. At least one bullet hit Mr. Vacca in the head. He fell to the ground. Later, he died of his injuries. No one has been charged with a crime. In fact, the families of both Mr. Vacca and the girl have said they feel very bad for each other. But the event has made Americans talk once again about guns and children. In the United States, federal law bars anyone younger than 18 from owning a handgun. But, many state laws give young people the right to shoot all kinds of guns under certain conditions. Some Americans say children (like adults) need to learn to shoot a weapon so they can protect themselves. Others say shooting guns is just part of the way they grow up. But “safety” is a word many people use when it comes to children and guns. Last year, the Pew Research Center reported that over one-third of American homes have a gun. So, the argument goes, children could easily see a gun at home, or in the home of a friend or neighbor, and decide to fire it. Indeed, the Nationwide Children’s Hospital says about 1,500 children die every year from a gun accident. Many more are injured. Laura Cutilletta is a lawyer for the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. She said most U. S. states have firm restrictions on keeping children away from guns in the home. But state laws about children hunting or shooting for fun, such as at a shooting range, are much looser. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 In general, most states permit children to hunt or use a gun when an adult is with them. But, Laura Cutilletta notes that even a responsible adult cannot protect a child who is too young to shoot a gun safely. And, she says no one needs to shoot the most powerful guns just for fun. 9. Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2? A. permit B. suspect C. accuse D. forbid 【答案】9. D 【解析】本文讲述了美国女童在亚利桑那州西南部的靶场误杀教练，未成年人使用枪支引起争议。 9. 词义猜测题。根据第一段 In the United States, federal law bars anyone younger than 18 from owning a handgun. But, many state laws give young people the right to shoot all kinds of guns under certain conditions..得知在美国联邦法禁止 18 岁以下孩子拥有手枪，但是很多州立法给予孩子们射击的权利。根 据转折得知前面是禁止的意思。A. permit 允许； B. suspect 怀疑；C. accuse 指责； D. forbid 禁止。故选 D。 5. 【浙江省七彩联盟 2018 届高三上学期期中】A Transplant (移植) recipient John Bell knows exactly where to find his first heart-the damaged one he lived with for 72 years. It’s floating in a container of formaldehyde (福尔马林) at a large storage facility at Baylor University Medical Center, along with hundreds of other human hearts. When he returns to the hospital for a checkup with his cardiologist (心脏病专家), Bell expects to stop by to pay his old heart a visit. Why? Because at Baylor, he can do something almost no one else in the world has ever done. He can hold his heart in his hands. “It was fairly emotional, that first encounter,” says Bell. “I can’t actually explain why.” Bell is one of more than 70 heart-transplant patients who have participated in Baylor’s Heart-to-Heart program. It was launched in 2014 by William C. Roberts, MD. Baylor is unique in allowing transplant patients to “meet” their old hearts. “Probably 99.5 percent of hospitals throw the hearts away after they send out a report,” Dr. Roberts says. “We keep them all.” They are used for further research. The Heart-to-Heart program happened almost by accident. With all those organs stored on the hospital’s shelves, Dr. Roberts would sometimes take a curious patient to visit his or her old ticker. But the doctor discovered that the visits could provide a kind of teachable moment. “Many 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 of the patients are overweight, and I show them the fat on the heart,” says Dr. Roberts. “Some people have so much fat on their hearts that they float in a container of water.” There’s a larger lesson too. “I try to stress to these people that they are very lucky. They are one of the few that get a heart,” he says. There are an estimated six million Americans living with heart failure, but only 2,000 to 3,000 receive hearts each year in the United States. 2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “ticker”？ A. Friend. B. Enemy. C. Heart. D. Part. 【答案】2. C 6. 【安徽省皖西南名校 2018 年高三阶段性检测联考】C Homework: more or less In answer to the trend, one after another anti-homework movements are coming. This time critics (批评者) aren’t just complaining that there’s too much of it but they’re also questioning why the homework is so dull. The argument over what or how much homework should he comes partly from the fact that educators can’t seem to agree on the purpose of homework. Some teachers think that homework is necessary to strengthen what is learnt in school. And so they ask their students to memorize what was discussed in class through homework. Some teachers think the point of homework is to cover material that the class didn’t have time to get to, so their homework is to let students learn additional things. Other teachers like homework simply because they want students to form work habits and still others believe homework is very important because it is the best way for parents to learn what their children do in school. But many parents seem to have different ideas. Elisa who has twins at a primary school doesn’t like; the fact that third-grade students in primary schools are asked to write about 25 book summaries a year. “They do the same thing 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 over and over without really getting into alternative ways of thinking about books and thinking about reading and writing.” Some education reformers such as Howard Gardner, a Harvard University professor, say, “Teachers can ask children to do things which require the use of different kinds of intelligence, for example, preparing for a debate, creating a work of art, designing a program or carrying out different experiments.” But it is often hard to persuade overworked teachers to give much thought to homework assignments. Is there much difference between students who do different amounts of homework? 10. The underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refers to ________. A. anti-homework B. homework C. why the homework is so dull D. movement 【答案】10. B 【名师点睛】词义猜测题 主要的解题策略有： (1) 依据标点符号猜测词义。标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号、冒号常 常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。 (2) 依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义。运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手 法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为 反义。常用的信号词有：but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/on the other hand 等。 (3) 依据下定义，作解释猜测词义。在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某 一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说 明后结论)的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有： be defined as/be termed(被定义为) ，be called (被称 为), mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。 (4) 依据逻辑推理猜测词义。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求 考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关 系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。此外，考生还可以依据词性变化和词义变化(词义引申 )来猜测词 义。例如：本文中第 2 小题。 【解题剖析】本文中的第（2）小题属于(4) 依据逻辑推理猜测词义。根据“but they’re also questioning why the homework is so dull.” 但他们也质疑为什么作业太无聊。可推知 it 指代 homework。 7. 【广东省五校 2018 届高三 12 月联考】D At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts. Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures. What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch (荷兰语)and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds---nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings. In Japan, it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all. It’s already a failure to understand each other by speaking because you’re repairing that failure by using words. In the US, it may originate from the history of colonial(殖民地的)America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, it’s hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. this applies also to some extent to London. In contract, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with. 15. What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean? A. Similarity B. Contradiction C. Diversity D. Misunderstanding 【答案】15. A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 8. 【重庆市南开中学 2017 届高三上学期期中】C Are you afraid of sharks? What about snakes or spiders? Put those fears aside：because in the U.S. you’re far more likely to be killed or injured by a deer skipping across the road． Deer cause more than 200 humans deaths each year, plus some 29,000 injuries，all because of l.2 million collisions between vehicles and deer．Most incidents occur in the eastern U.S. , where deer prosper without natural predators like wolves and mountain lions． ‘‘That’s the region in the U.S. where deer-vehicle collisions are such a problem，and where it seems like an effective large carnivore reintroduction could make a really big difference．’’ says wildlife biologist Laura Prugh from University of Washington．She thinks it would help to reintroduce predators like mountain lions，also known as cougars，pumas or panthers，to parts of their historic range from which they’ve been driven out． The researchers say that bringing the predators back to the eastern U.S. would mean 22 percent fewer collisions between cars and deer over three decades．Each year would see five fewer human deaths，680 fewer injuries and a savings of some $50 million．Sophie L. Gilbert thinks there are great socioeconomic benefits of large predator restoration through reduced wildlife-vehicle collisions and she says，“Cougars have shown that they can coexist in short distance with people， with very few conflicts，in a lot of areas out west．” Still，some folks might be understandably nervous about this kind of plan．After all , reintroducing predators doesn’t come without risks to pets and to livestock，and very occasionally to people． “Our fear of large predators is so natural and intense that I don’t think it’s possible to just completely clear it with statistics…what I hope is that knowing that there actually can be some measurable benefits might make people a little more supportive and maybe balance that fear a little bit．”says Laura． Indeed，the statistics show that cougars would prevent five times as many human deaths from 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 deer-related accidents as they would cause by attacks．But it’ll be a tough sell：the press will cover cougar attacks，but a statistically prevented death does not make the news．Nevertheless， “If people in the west can put up with having mountain lions around．I would hope that New Yorkers would be up for the challenge as well．” 8. The underlined word in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to __________． A. a meat-eating animal B. a grass-eating animal C. a cat-like animal D. a dangerous animal 【答案】8. A 9. 【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学 2018 届高三上学期第二次模拟】B A primary school in Britain has put up signs to warn parents, who are addicted to playing with their phones, to greet their children with a smile rather than stare at their screens. It has become a common sight at the school gate to see children running up to their parents, only to find their parent are absorbed in reading news online, reading e-book, or watching their favorite videos. Now the headmaster at a primary school in Middlesbrough, has put up the signs at all three entrances to the school. The signs say, “Greet your a woman holding a phone to her ear is crossed out in a red circle. The headmaster said, “We are trying to develop students’ speaking and listening skills and we think it is a simple way to get the message across. It isn’t only an issue among parents, but it also emphasizes that speaking and listening can help student to have discussions.” The move had different responses. Danielle Parker, a parent, said, “I think the signs are unacceptable because most of the parents pick their children up with phones.” Another parent said, “It’s a good thing. Greeting children with smiles can also develop the relationship between parents and children.” Some parents when questioned were hesitant about the signs. Lindan Bradley, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 a pupil at the school, said he agreed with the signs, saying, “Why should children see parents playing their mobile phones all the time?” Last year, research warned that parents’ devotion to cellphones had made some neglected children start primary school unable to hold conversations. Almost a third of children are not ready for the classroom when they start school. 6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. Playing with the phones. B. Greeting children. C. Putting up signs. D. Smiling. 【答案】6. C 10. 【河北省衡水中学 2018 届高三上学期一调】D Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out. The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasn’t only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him. In short, we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions, he will certainly like it a lot. 15. What does the underlined word “belittling” probably mean? A. Praise. B. Blame. C. Look down on. D. Make up to. 【答案】15. C