2020届北师大版高考英语语言知识运用冲刺集训：语法填空3 9页

语法填空3‎ ‎1、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ One of China’s largest hanfu-themed ___1___ (event), the annual Hanfu Cultural Festival in Xitangancient town, East China’s Zhejiang Province. ___2___ (hold) from October 28 to 31 last year. According to statistics from the organizer, 157,326 visitors attended ___3___ festival, many of ___4___ were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts, called “tongpao”.‎ ‎___5___ (original) from the collection of ancient Chinese Poetry Book of Songs, the word tongpao is-now used to describe whoever appreciates ___6___ (tradition) Han Chinese clothing. ___7___ (forbid) during China’s last feudal (封建的) dynasty，the Qing Dynasty, hanfu clothing has been little known ___8___ the public for many decades.‎ Nowadays, hanfu is making a comeback.Tongpao has risen in number over the past 15 years ___9___ a worker in Central China’s Henan Province named Wang Letian made a hanfu-style suit and wore ___10___ in public in 2003.‎ ‎2、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing ①        (have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so ②        (absorb) in his smartphone thathe didn’t see a train approaching until it brushed past him, ③        (throw) him to theground. This should serve ④        a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially ⑤        crossing roads.‎ ‎    ⑥        (lucky) , the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver ⑦        (stop) the train. An 18-minute delay followed the incident, ⑧        led to abreak in the running of other trains on the route.‎ ‎    Smartphone ⑨        (addicted) has spread like an infectious disease. It’s evident that itwill do great harm to society. What’s even ⑩        (bad), some addicts become impatient.‎ ‎    Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy,yet in fact people’s weakening self-control and self-discipline are to blame.‎ ‎3、阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。‎ A few years ago, after a long morning of sightseeing in New York, my children and I took a ‎ rest on a park bench in Central Park.‎ ‎“Look!” my son said, ___1___ (point) to a nearby rubbish bin. That’s when we saw our first raccoon (浣熊). Quite at home in the big city, he paid us no attention, concentrating only on finding a ___2___ (taste) lunch. He sorted through a few options before coming out with a wrapped sandwich ___3___ (hold) between his paws.‎ ‎___4___ (surprise), rather than run away, he jumped down and walked casually to a spot on the path, not a metre from ___5___ we sat. The children were spellbound, the raccoon providing better ___6___ (entertain) than any museum. He glanced at us, perhaps checking to see ___7___ we were about to steal his lunch.‎ ‎___8___ delicate fingers, he peeled back the layers of plastic wrap until the half-eaten sandwich ___9___ (uncover).‎ Then he surprised us all. Instead of starting his food, he turned to a nearby pool of water and ___10___ (dip) his paws in. With a casual air, he rubbed his paws together underwater for a moment, brushed his fur, then started gracefully picking at his meal.‎ ‎4、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    One weekend, Roberta Ursrey’s family went to the seaside for a travel. At first, everything went well. But suddenly, Roberta Ursrey saw her two sons ① __________(struggle) against the tide 100 yards out from shore.‎ ‎    Several other Ursrey family members along with a nearby couple, jumped in the water ②__________(help) them and③__________(catch) in the tide. There wasn’t a lifeguard ④__________duty and the situation was growing more and more dangerous. So beach goers began linking arms and heading into the ocean. People ⑤__________couldn't even swim were part of that human chain.‎ ‎    One onlooker, Jessica Mae Simmons knew she could save those due to her strong swimming skills. Although some were worried about heading out into the sea, Simmons felt  ⑥__________(confidence) that she could bring everyone to safety. Simmons and her husband grabbed two boards and paddled down the human chain until she reached the  ⑦__________(swimmer). She rescued them one by one and when everyone returned to the beach, the crowd cheered ⑧__________(happy). Simmons said she stayed calm  ⑨__________she ‎ strongly felt everyone would be okay in the end, especially when everyone pulled their strength together to save perfect strangers.‎ ‎    Thanks to onlookers’ willingness to leap into action and Simmons’⑩__________(brave), beach goers saved several lives that day.‎ ‎5、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    Disposing(处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste disposal problem becomes ①__________(increase) difficult.‎ ‎    During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot ②__________a dump site(垃圾场). People③__________(transport) household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Regularly some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The ④__________(pleasant) sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories mills (制造厂), and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted ⑤__________ (remaining) into the water.   Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.‎ ‎    Several facts make these choices ⑥__________ (accept) to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, ⑦__________are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. The land is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods. A long distance dump has been a common practice,  ⑧__________once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is nonexistent. ⑨__________(aware) of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.‎ ‎    ⑩__________(recycle) efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste.‎ ‎6、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Smile is a universal language, which ___1___ (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and ___2___ (amuse), but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and ___3___ (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smiling is not only ___4___ expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid ___5___(be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑). For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, ___6___ is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.‎ The laugh is ___7___ (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various ___8___ (meaning) about laugh. Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes ___9___ the deepest emotions while most Chinese may think ___10___ silly to laugh that way.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. events 2. was held 3. the 4. whom 5. Originally 6. traditional 7. Forbidden 8. to 9. since 10. it 解析： 【1题详解】考查固定结构。One of + 可数名词复数，表示“...之一”，所以填events。‎ ‎【2题详解】考查时态和语态。根据时间状语last year，可知是描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，“中国最大的汉服主题活动之一”与“举行”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填was held。‎ ‎【3题详解】考查冠词。特指“这个节日”，用定冠词，所以填the。‎ ‎【4题详解】考查定语从句。many of ___4___ were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts是一个定语从句，先行词是visitors，关系词在从句中作主语，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指人，只能用whom。‎ ‎【5题详解】考查副词。修饰整个句子，用副词，所以填Originally。‎ ‎【6题详解】考查形容词。该空修饰名词Han Chinese clothing，用形容词，所以填traditional。‎ ‎【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。forbid的逻辑主语是hanfu clothing，它们之间是被动关系，用过去分词作原因状语，所以填Forbidden。‎ ‎【8题详解】考查固定用法。be known to sb为…所知，该用法是固定用法，所以填to。‎ ‎【9题详解】考查连词。句意：如今，汉服正在卷土重来。自2003年中国中部河南省一名叫王乐天的工人制作了一套汉服并在公共场合穿着以来，同袍的数量在过去15年里不断增加。文中表示“从…以来”，所以填since。‎ ‎【10题详解】考查代词。指代上文提到的a hanfu-style suit，所以填it。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案： had ; absorbed ; throwing ; as ; when/while; Luckily ; to stop ; which ; addiction; worse 解析： ①考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“on Oct. 22”可知,此处是在描述发生在过去的事情,故用一般过去时。‎ ‎②考查固定短语。be absorbed in意为“专心致志,全神贯注”,是固定短语。‎ ‎③考查现在分词。根据语境可知,此处表示“火车与他擦身而过,把他摔在了地上'train 和throw之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎④考查固定结构。serve as意为“起作用,产生效果”,此处表示“这应该给人们起一个警告作用”。‎ ‎⑤考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示“尤其是当过马路的时候”,故用when或while,此处是“主语+系动词”的省略。可还原为: especially when/while they are crossing roads。‎ ‎⑥考查副词。幸运的是,这个男子与死亡擦肩而过,但是这个事件迫使驾驶员停下了火车。在句首应该用lucky的副词形式,即Luckily。‎ ‎⑦考查动词不定式。force sb. to do sth.意为“迫使某人做某事”,为固定结构。‎ ‎⑧考查非限制性定语从句。因为这件事耽搁了18分钟,导致路线上其他火车的运行中断了。此处用which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的“an 18-minute delay”。‎ ‎⑨考查名词。分析句子成分可知,此处作主语,意为“手机上瘾”,故用addicted的名词形式addiction,意为“上瘾”,addict作为名词时,意为“对……着迷的人”,此处不符合语境。‎ ‎⑩考查形容词比较级。what’s even worse意为“甚至更糟糕的是”,even修饰比较级,故用worse。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. pointing 2. tasty/tasteful 3. held 4. Surprisingly 5. where 6. entertainment 7. if/whether 8. With 9. was uncovered 10. dipped 解析： 【1题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：看，我儿子说到，指着附近的一个垃圾箱。分析句子可知，point作状语，与其逻辑主语my son为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式pointing。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：在大城市里感到很自在，浣熊根本就没注意我们，专注于寻找自己美味的午餐。修饰名词用形容词，故用tasty或者tasteful。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：小浣熊搜索了一些东西，之后找到了一块包裹着的三明治，两个爪子握着三明治。分析句子可知，hold作后置定语修饰sandwich，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式held。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：让人惊讶的是，浣熊没有逃跑，而是从垃圾箱上跳下来，很随意地走到路上的一个地方，离我们坐的不到一米。分析句子可知，修饰句子用副词，故用surprisingly。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：：让人惊讶的是，浣熊没有逃跑，而是从垃圾箱上跳下来，很随意地走到路上的一个地方，离我们坐的不到一米。分析句子可知，we sat作from的宾语，而从句缺乏地点状语，故用连接副词where。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：孩子们像着了迷一样，因为浣熊给孩子们提供的快乐超过任何一个博物馆。分析句子可知，provide后接宾语，故须名词，故用entertainment。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：它盯着我们看，好像检查我们是否会偷它的东西。分析句子可知，we were about to steal his lunch作see的宾语，从句结构完整，但是结合语境，需要是否的意思，故用if或者whether。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：有灵活的爪子，它把三明治的包装纸退下来，直到吃剩一半的三明治露出来。分析句子可知，因为有灵活的爪子，可以吃到东西，故用With。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查动词时态和语态。句意：有灵活的爪子，它把三明治的包装纸退下来，直到吃剩一半的三明治露出来。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，uncover与其主语为动宾关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去的事情，故用was uncovered。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查动词时态和语态。句意：没有立即开始享用美食，它走到附近的水池，把爪子伸进水里。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，与其主语为主谓关系，故用一般过去时dipped。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：struggling; to help; were caught; on; who; confident; swimmers; happily; because/for/and; bravery 解析：‎ ‎1. struggling考查非谓语动词。Roberta看见时，孩子正在水中挣扎， “see sb. doing...”强调看见某人正在做某事，故此处用现在分词形式。‎ ‎2. to help考查非谓语动词。他们跳进水里，是为了帮助他们。故用不定式结构作目的状语。‎ ‎3. were caught考查动词的时态和语态。本文叙述的是已经发生的事情，用一般过去时；主语 “members”和动词catch之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎4. on考查固定搭配。on duty意为 “值班”，符合语境。‎ ‎5. who考查定语从句。先行词people指人，定语从句中少主语，用引导词who。‎ ‎6. confident考查形容词的用法。在系动词felt后面，用形容词作表语。‎ ‎7. swimmers考查名词的复数。根据语境以及下文的 “rescued them one by one”可知，此处是复数概念，故用复数形式。‎ ‎8. happily考查副词的用法。修饰动词cheered，在句中作状语，用副词形式。‎ ‎9. because考查连词。Simmons很平静，因为她相信众人的力量，此处表示原因，故用连词because。‎ ‎10. bravery考查名词的用法。在所有格Simmons’后面，用名词形式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：increasingly; as; transported/ would transport; unpleasant; remains; unacceptable; which; but; awareness; recycling 解析：【1题详解】increasingly     考查副词用法。文中表示越来越困难,修饰形容词difficult,故用副词形式。 ‎ ‎【2题详解】as    考查介词。句意:在18世纪,几个相邻的城镇通常会一起选择一个偏远的地点作为垃圾场。as作介词意为“作为,当作”。 ‎ ‎【3题详解】transported/ would transport    考查谓语动词的时态。人们把垃圾运送到垃圾场。讲的是18世纪的事,故用一般过去时或过去将来时。 ‎ ‎【4题详解】unpleasant      考查形容词。根据上文,满地垃圾的场面和发散的气味是难闻的,故用unpleasant。 ‎ ‎【5题详解】remains    考查名词。把不想要的垃圾倒入河水里,故用名词remains。 ‎ ‎【6题详解】unacceptable  考查形容词。句意:几个事实使这些选择不被现代社会所接受。故用unacceptable。这里用形容词作make的宾语补足语。 ‎ ‎【7题详解】which    考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意:Dumps,现在被称作landfills(垃圾填筑地)。非限制性定语从句的先行词为事物dumps,故用which来代指dumps。 ‎ ‎【8题详解】but    考查上下文联系。上句说在郊外建造的垃圾场现在是一种常见的措施,下句写农场一旦拒绝倾倒垃圾,那么这种造价低的垃圾场就不存在了。上下句为转折,故用but。 ‎ ‎【9题详解】Awareness    考查名词辨析。该句指污染危险的意识已经促使制定了更加严格的垃圾处理制度。空白处在句中作主语,故用名词awareness。 ‎ ‎【10题详解】Recycling    考查动名词。回收利用方面的举措已经成为了常态。空白处起修饰作用表用途,故用动名词 Recycling。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. is used 2. amusement 3. friendly 4. an 5. being 6. which 7. Related 8. meanings 9. from 10. it/it's 解析： 【1题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。句意：微笑是世界语言，在全世界被广泛使用。但是，在不同的文化中，微笑的意思是不同的。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查名词。该空在句中和joy并列，做express的宾语，故要用名词。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查形容词。friendly是形容词，和open并列，做be的表语。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：微笑不仅仅是快乐的表示，而且是避免尴尬的方式。expression意为“表达，表示，表现”，是可数名词。结合句意，该处应用不定冠词。且expression的发音开头是元音音素，故该空应填不定冠词an。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后面接名词或动名词做宾语。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“____7______is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，引导词在从句中做主语，故要用关系代词which引导该从句。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查介词。be related to意为“和……有关”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查名词。meaning意为“意思”，是可数名词，该空前有different修饰，故要填复数形式。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查代词。it在句中做形式宾语，指代“to laugh that way”。另外，“_____10________silly to laugh that way”还可看作think的宾语从句，在该从句中，it是形式主语，代指“to laugh that way”，is是系动词。‎ ‎ ‎