【英语】2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之六动词（6页word版） 5页

‎2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之六动词 I. 动词的时态：‎ ‎1. 动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：‎ ‎ ‎ 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking ‎2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：‎ ‎1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：‎ I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容)‎ ‎2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：‎ ‎①I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)‎ ‎②I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）‎ ‎3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：‎ 两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。‎ ‎①I have read that book.我读过那本书了。 ②I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。‎ ‎4. 一般将来时的表达方式：‎ ‎ ‎ 将来时 用法 例句 ‎1‎ will/shall+动词原形 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 My sister will be ten next year.‎ ‎2‎ be going to+动词原形 含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事 It’s going to clear up.‎ We’re going to have ‎ a party tonight.‎ ‎3‎ be + doing 进行时表示将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south.‎ Are they leaving for Europe? ‎ ‎4‎ be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang.‎ The meeting is about to close.‎ ‎5‎ be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.‎ ‎6‎ 一般现在时表示将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at five o’clock.‎ The plane leaves at ten this evening.‎ II. 动词的被动语态：‎ ‎ ‎ 常用被动语态 构成 ‎ ‎ 常用被动语态 构成 ‎1‎ 一般现在时 am/is/are asked ‎6‎ 过去进行时 was/were being asked ‎2‎ 一般过去时 was/were asked ‎7‎ 现在完成时 have/has been asked ‎3‎ 一般将来时 shall/will be asked ‎8‎ 过去完成时 had been asked ‎4‎ 过去将来时 should/would be asked ‎9‎ 将来完成时 will/would have been asked ‎5‎ 现在进行时 am/is/are being asked ‎10‎ 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 注 ‎ ‎ 意 ‎ ‎ 事 ‎ ‎ 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：‎ Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.‎ Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.‎ 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：‎ It is believed that…            It is generally considered that…           It is said that…‎ It is well known that…         It must be pointed out that…              It is supposed that…‎ It is reported that…            It must be admitted that…                It is hoped that…‎ 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：‎ The window wants/needs/requires repairing.          The book is worth reading twice.‎ The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.            The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.‎ The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.‎ 下面词或短语没有被动态：‎ leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等