高考英语作文帮助(高级词汇常用句型好词好句优秀范文整体提升和提示) 138页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 高考英语作文帮助（高级词汇+常用句型+好词好句+优秀范文+整体 提升和提示） 一．高级词汇 1．occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2．devote 替换 spend He spends all his spare time in reading. → He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3．seek 替换 want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4．average 替换 ordinary I’m an average ( ordinary ) student. 5．but 替换 very The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 6．seat 替换 sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 7．suppose 替换 should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly. 8．appreciate 替换 thank Thank you very much for you help. → We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 9．the case 替换 true I don’t think it is the case ( true ). 10．on 替换 as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research.. 11．due to 替换 because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12．cover 替换 walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 13．contribute to 替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15．come to light 替换 discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. → The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light. 16．have a ball 替换 have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ). 17．come up with 替换 think of Jack is very clever. He often comes up with ( thinks of ) new ideas. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 18．set aside 替换 save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books. (2004 天津卷) 19．be of + n. 替换 adj. The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China. 20．refer to 替换 talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to (talked about ) is very famous. 21．can not but / can not help but 替换 have to do I could not but (had to) go home. 22．more often than not 替换 usually More often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed. 23．lest 替换 so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. → I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it. 24．be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换 want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much. → I am long to see you. 25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to 替换 be interested in He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps. 26．more than 替换 very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. → I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September. ( NMET 2003 ) ② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004 全国卷) 27．perfect (ly) 替换 good/ very well He speaks perfect ( good ) English./ He speaks English perfectly ( very well ). 28．do sb a/the favor 替换 help Would you please do me the favor ( help me ) to turn down the radio? 29．the other day 替换 a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle. ( NMET 1997 ) 30．in the course of 替换 during In the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. 31．the majority of 替换 most The majority of (Most of ) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. 32．consist of 替换 be made up of Our class consists of ( is made up of ) 50 students. 33．be worn out 替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired). ② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair. 34．become of 替换 happen What do think has become of ( happened to ) him ? 35．attend to 替换 look after 36．on condition that 替换 as long as 37．nevertheless 替换 however 38．express one’s satisfaction with 替换 be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do 替换 try one’s best to do 40．many a 替换 many 41．be rushed off one’s feet 替换 be busy in doing 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 42．a handful of 替换 a little / some 43．meanwhile 替换 at the same time 44．get to one’s feet 替换 stand up 45．beneath 替换 under 46．occasionally 替换 sometimes /once in while 47．for instance 替换 for example 48．seldom 替换 not often 49．wealthy 替换 rich 50．amazing 替换 surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换 in fact 二．高级句型结构 ◆ It 句型 ① It will be + some time + before… It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars. ② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth. It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much. He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.（2008 年湖北卷） ③ It is + 被强调部分 + that… 1) It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot. 2) Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge. ◆ more …than any other 表示最高级 Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than any one else. ◆ 名词从句 ① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk. ( 2004 全国卷 Ⅲ ) ② My hometown is no longer what it used to be. ◆（非限制性）定语从句 ① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→ The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. (NMET 2003) ② It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life. (2002 北京卷) ◆ 分词结构 ① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. (NMET 2001) ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people. (2004 全国卷Ⅱ) ③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.（2004 辽宁卷） ④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.（2008 年湖南 卷） ◆ with 结构 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 ① A terrible accident happened yesterday, with nine people killed and almost eighty injured. ② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand. ◆ 倒装句 ① The library is to the east of the teaching building. → East of the teaching building is the library. ② Although we are tired, we are happy.→ Tired as we are, we are happy. ③ Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man. (2002 上海卷) ④ May all your dreams come true! May our friendship last till the end of the universe.! （2007 年湖南卷） ◆ 被动语态 ① Opinions are divided on the question. (NMET 2002) ② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students. (2004 全国卷 Ⅳ) ③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷) ◆ 巧妙的改写 （1）．Only 改成 no one but Only Tom passed the exam last week. → No one but Tom passed the exam. （2）．as soon as …改成 No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started. （3）．have sb/sth do/done The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken (her leg was broken.). （4）．变换插入语的位置 ① However, they suggest fees should be charged low. → They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. (NMET 2002) ② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. → This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. (2004 全国卷Ⅰ) (5). 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句 Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.→ Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. (2002 上海卷) Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.（2008 年湖南卷） ◆ 其它 （1）注重句子的开头 ① 用 with 复合结构开头 With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers. With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.（2006 年湖南卷） With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.（2009 年江苏卷） ② 用非谓语动词形式开头 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 ⅰ）In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest. ⅱ）Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner. （2）长短句交错使用（注意：应突出主题句；长句子并非越长越好） ◆◆ 相关过渡语 1). 表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last… 2). 表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side… 3). 表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise… 4). 表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus… 5). 表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of… 6). 表示并列关系: and, as well as, also… 7). 表 示 总 结 性 : in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief, to conclude… 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 [英语作文常用句型] 在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议 论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。 想不想试一试呢？ 一、开头句型 我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们 颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。 在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开 门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的 中心思想。 I．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如： 1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages． 2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages． 3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages． 举一反三： 1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages． 2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides 也很值得背诵。） II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如： 1．Computers play an important role in science and technology． 2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life． Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies． 3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind． 4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness． 举一反三： 1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life． 2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如： 1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can afford a car． 2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious． 3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home． 4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed． 举一反三： 1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。 2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing． 随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。 3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinese families can afford a car． 随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多” 除了常用的 more and more 外，还可以用 an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of 等来表达。） 本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住 with 有“随着”的意思，相信大家 可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。 我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不 过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头 引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门 针对争议性论文的一种句型。 IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably some truth in both arguments ／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反 的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。 本结构先用 when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用 some．．．others ．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说 There is some truth in both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用 but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。 请看下面这个例子： TV，a good thing or bad thing 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable， as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society． 二、结尾句型 英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全 文时除常用到 in one ／a word，generally speaking 等外，没有固定模式。 提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。 V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如： 1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world． 2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams． 3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse． 4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks． 本文列举了英语作文中常用的几个句型，当然不是要大家写出千篇一律的文章 来，而是希望起到一种抛砖引玉的作用，提醒大家在学习中注意多总结，以使 自己的写作水平更上一层楼。 考研短文写作常用句型和练习 “引言”段落中的常用句型： 1．…is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by …but also by … 家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农 民都经常谈论这个问题。 Weahter a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farners as well. 2.There is no denying the fact that… 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决 它。 There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extemerely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 3.As is known to all,… 众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。 As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of comsumers) 4.More and more people are realizing the importance of … 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 现在越来越多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安，我们每人都应 该接受法制教育。 Tody an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order, very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education. 5.From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that… 从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远 的。 From what I have mentoned above,we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a) great influence on young adults’ behaviour.(或 teenagers’ behavior 或 youngsters’ behavior) “正文”段落中常用的句型： 1．There are some good reasons for…(分析原因) two possible 人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其 次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。 There are two reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions. In the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly,there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more, the birth rate has been put under control. 2.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place,… Secondly,…Finally… solve tackle relieve （提出建议） 我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有 些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野 生动物的人必须严惩。 My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally ,those who hunter them must be punished severely. 3.Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that … Others problem. matter. argue that… Still others assert that…（论述不同看法） 人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教 训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却 了。 People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfii what they are determined to do. Others, however, lose heart and give in. 4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. （发表意见） 人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足 人民日益增长的需求。 It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people. 5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊) 常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。 另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之 苦。 As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are srffering from public hazards. 6.For example, … （举例阐述） For instance, … Let’s take …for example. 就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成 许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。 Les’s take cars for example. They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowed. Furthermore, they cause a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night. 7.It is generally believed that … accepted （引证观点） thought held 普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是 由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。 It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care. 8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)（因果关系） 毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。 There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 务必熟记的考研英语作文重点句式 1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 2. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century. 3. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 4. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome. 5. As is known man is the product of labour. 6. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed. 7. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace. 8. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day. 9. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable. 10. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties. 11. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments. 12. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years. 13. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided. 14. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved. 15. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do. 16. In my opinion, this computer is different from that one you saw. 17. It is certain that we have a long way to go. 18. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims. 19. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book. 20. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 21. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year. 22. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts. 23. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice. 24. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English. 25. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out. 26. We will be successful as long as we persevere. 27. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply to things happening here. 28. It is true that we must redouble our efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries. 29. I take it for granted that they will support this idea. I regard it as natural that they will agree to this idea. 30. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved. 31. The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. 32. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 33. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 34. Upon hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn't utter a word. 35. As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 36. Our goal must be attained. Our goal can unquestionably be attained. 37. Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 38. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, videocorders. 39. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it. 40. It can be said that without knowledge of science and technology, it is impossible to build socialist modernizations. 英语写作热点范文 热点范文（一） Directions: A. Title:What Will Happen If China Enters WTO? B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below: 1. 每个中国人都盼望中国加入世界贸易组织。 2. a. 加入世贸组织，国家和人民都将大大受益； b. 加入世贸组织，也会带 来一些不利影响，如国有企业将面临更大的挑战。 3. 对中国加入世贸组织感到欣喜之余，我们也应看到随之而来的一些挑战。 例文： What Will Happen If China Enters WTO? Every Chinese is looking forward to China's entry into WTO, widely seen as a blessing and a promise of prosperity. It seems to be so at first sight, however, on reflection, we're convinced that it's just another coin with two sides. On the one hand, both the nation and people will benefit greatly from China's entry into WTO. Shut out of WTO, China used to be deprived of equal trade opportunities and was placed at a distinct disadvantage in world trade. This situation will change if China enters WTO. In addition, foreign companies will stream into China and offer great job opportunities, which, in a sense, will relieve the unemployment problem. On the other hand, the entry will impose some negative effects on China. State-owned enterprises in China are undergoing great difficulties, which will be more acute with the flow of foreign competitors into China. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 14 In short, excited about the advantages caused by the entry, we should not lose sight of the severe challenges posed by it. 热点范文（二） Directions: A. Title: Fast Food B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese blew: 1. 快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映。 2. a. 快餐受欢迎有两条原因： b. 然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意。 3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。 例文： Fast Food Fast food is becoming more popular in China, especially among children and teenagers. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents the fast pace of modern society as powerfully as fast food. There are several reasons for its popularity. First, it is very convenient and saves a lot of time. The trends of modern society seem to all point to one ultimate goal —— saving time, and fast food well serves this purpose. You just go into a fast food restaurant, order your food, and your food is ready in no time. You can either eat it there or take it away. Second, its popularity is also attributed to the clean and comfortable environment of fast food restaurants, the excellent service, and the guaranteed quality of food. However, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. It usually does not compose a balanced diet and is low in nutritional value. Thus, doctors suggest that people, especially children, eat fast food as little as possible. Although cooking at home is time — consuming and the following washing-up tiresome, it offers healthy and delicious meals your body likes and needs. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a hurry and turn to it once in a while. 热点范文（三） Direction: A. Write an essay that conveys the information in the following cartoon accoMPAnied by your comments. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 15 B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your essay should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 营生 祖上以打猎为生 爷爷以卖上等木材为生 父亲以卖劈柴和柴墩为生 儿子以卖根雕原料为生 孙子以卖黄沙为生 …… 例文： Preserving Natural Resources Through the changes in the ways of making a living in a family over several generations, the cartoon aims at sounding a warning against man's wasteful use of natural resources and emphasizing the urgent need to preserve these resources. Ever since man appeared on the earth, man's survival has been heavily relied on nature. Almost everything we use in our everyday life comes from nature, ranging from the food we eat, the water we drink, to the wood which is turned into furiture. With the development of technology and population growth, the amount and range of materials used has increased at an alarming rate. However, natural resources are not inexhaustible. Some reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion and there is no hope of replacing them. The widespread water shortage is an example in point. If man continued to squander natural resources with no thought for the future, the later generations would end up selling sand, as is the case in the cartoon, and the whole world would be in a mess. Time is running out. It is up to us to take effective measures before the situation gets out of hand. 热点范文（四） Directions: A. Title:Globle Shortage of Fresh Water B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below: 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 16 1. 人们认为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水，河水，井水） 2. 实际上淡水是短缺的（提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染严重） 3. 我们应当怎么办（提示：节约用水，开发新水源） 例文： Global Shortage of Fresh Water People often think that water will never be used up. There is plenty of water, such as rain, water from the rivers and wells. It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage. In fact water is rather limited on the earth. With the rapid increase of population and fast development of industries, water is more needed than before. At the same time, a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day. Some big cities in China are facing the problem of water shorage already. There, water supply is controlled and industry has been restrained. What should we do about the water shorage? I think, first, the people should be made aware of the real situation about the water. Everyone should consciously save on water and certain law should be made that no water will be polluted. We have to protect the existing water resources and develop new ones. In this way I believe that our cities will not be thirsty for water in the future. 热点范文（五） Directions: 请按题目: Advantages of Five-Day week（5 天工作日的优点）写出大约 200 个字的短文，并包括下列内容： 1. 对家庭的好处 2. 对社会的好处 3. 对个人的好处 例文： Advantages of Five-Day week A five-day week has been put into practice in China, which is welcomed by every-one. It is obvious that a five-day week has brought about many advantages to the society and people. First, families have benefited from it very much. They have more time to spend together or go for an outing during the weekend. Children are able to learn usefully skills, women have enough time to take care of the house, go shopping or relax. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 17 Second, society has also benefited from it. As people have two days off, they would like to go shopping or travelling, which can promote the commerce and tourism. Then the shops and travel agency will have more customers. Third, individuals have also enjoyed the benefit from the five-day week, because they have more time for whatever they are interested in during the weekend. For example, one likes stamp collection, he will have enough time to enjoy it. What's more, individuals can make full use of a weekend for a good rest. Adequate rest will enable him to work more efficiently. In a word, a five-day week is beneficial to the society, families and individuals. 热点范文（六） Direction: A. Study the following paragraph carefully and write a letter of about 200 words. B. Your name is Li Jin, a student of the Department of Applied Physics, Tsinghua University. You hope to further your study in Boston University (Massachusetts, USA) upon your graduation next year. Now you are writing to the office of graduate admissions to ask for the Application Form and other relative materials. The following points should also be covered by letter: 1. your personal information 2. the reason why you choose Boston University 3. a brief study plan C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. 例文： Department of Applied Physics Tsinghua University Beijing, China Sept. 11th, 1999 Office of Graduate Admissions Boston University Massachusetts, USA Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in Applied Physics toward master degree in your university. My name is Li Jin, an undergraduate student of the Department of Applied Physics, Tsinghua University(China). Next year in the summer, I will graduate and get my BS degree. I plan to continue my study and research in this field under the instructions of first-class professors and in a dynamic academic atmosphere. I chose Boston University because there are a congenial team of researchers, an array of databases and research projects in your School of Physics. I believe my interests are 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 18 extremely congruent with the strengths of the School. And my solid academic background will meet your general entrance requirements for graduate study. I will appreciate it very much if you could send me the Graduate Application Forms, the Application Form for Scholarships/Assistantships, a detailed introduction to the School of Physics, and other relevant information. My mailing address is shown on the top of this letter. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours, Li Jin 热点范文（七） Directions: A. Cars play an important role in modern society. But they are also responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. Write an essay of about 200 words on car and air pollution. B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. C. Your essay should cover the following points: 1. the serious problem of air pollution caused by cars; 2. your suggestions on how to deal with the problem. 例文： Cars and Air Pollution Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption,cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. Last winter, car fumes formed heavy smog over Beijing, making the sky gloomy for weeks and deteriorating people's health. One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Tsinghua University, campus buses are driven by electricity. In Beijing some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars to completely replace the traditional ones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the co-efforts from the government, the public and the 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 19 environments. This problem will be solved only with the help of science and technology. 热点范文（八） Directions: A. Write a letter to your local English-language newpaper giving your view on a discussion that has arisen as a result of an article they published entitled "Why Do We Need English?" B. Your letter must be written of about 200 words, excluding the addresses, etc. No.47, Haidian Road Haidian District Beijing, 100086 August 18,1999 The Editor Local English Daily Wuhua Building Beijing, 100781 Dear Sir: I have been following with great interest the discussion inspired by Mr Wang Li's article "Why Do We Need English?" published in the Local English Daily of 20th May, 1999. The one aspect of the English language that most of your correspondents seem to be unaware of is its widespread use as the international language of diplomacy, commerce and technology. It is the language of the United Nations and its agencies as well as of many other international bodies. We would be foolish to confine our vision to our national borders only. We are still, after all, dependent on other countries for technical and industrial assistance. How can we hope to be economically and technologically independent if we are not able to communicate in these areas outside our own country? English must be taught in all our schools, not only for the above reasons but also so that our students can go abroad to learn the techniques our nation so urgently needs. We also need representatives who can command respect at the international conference tables of the world. And if English is the common language of communications for world diplomacy, economics and defense, then let us be as fluent and proficient in it as possible, for the sake of our own country's advancement and prestige. Yours sincerely, Li Xiaohua 热点范文（九） Direction: A. Title: A Matter of Approach B. Word Limit: about 200 words 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 20 C. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Two sencondary school teahers I remember show how different people can be though engaged in the same profession." D. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2. OUTLINE: 1. Two secondary school teahers I remember 2. The differences between the two teahers in classroom attitudes 3. Their attitudes to their students 4. Their methods of teaching 例文： A Matter of Approach Two secondary school teahers I remember show how different people can be though engaged in the same profession. Mrs Wang, my philosophy teacher, sent us to sleep less than ten minutes when she started talking in class. When a head nodded, she would point at the dozing student and made threatening remarks. She said that she was bored teaching us. Some students in her eyes had no desire to learn. But the other teacher Mr Li always had bright eyes in a smiling face and encouraging words which showed that he loved Chinese history he was teaching and wanted us to love it too. When it came to their attitudes to their students, they were different too. After Mrs Wang finished her day's lessens she felt that she had finished her job. Once when I asked her a question outside class about a term, she continued with preparation to leave and said that I could bring my question to class next week. Before I knew it she had put her keys into her handbag and walked out of the door. In the history class, however, a question even after the bell would still be given attention to by Mr Li. He would rush to the board in a last minute attempt to clear up. Often he was seen with a number of students standing outside the classroom, discussing the day's assignment. Their methods of teaching were not like as well. Mrs Wang stuck to the textbook and trained us how to memorize minute facts. However Mr Li brought in films, maps, slides, tapes, anything that would help us learn. Once the whole class went to see the 'film Lin Zexu' in order to better understand the history of the Optium War from 1840 to 1842. Owing to these contrasts, I do not think I can forget either of my past teachers. 考研英语 30 篇热点写作范文 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 21 Provide a Better Life for Senior Citizens Now we have a growing population of senior citizens. To ensure happy lives for them has become a focus of attention. Our traditional respect of the aged needs updating. They deserve respect, understanding, companion, entertainment and so on. There are many things to be done to honor senior citizens. In cities, senior citizens should enjoy some privileges, such as special seats on buses, reduced fares for entertainment and traveling, and other benefits. We should do everything to solve their practical problems, to warm their hearts, and to make them happy. In addition, we should find some ways to provide affordable medical health care, which is of vital importance to them. Besides, there should be recreation halls and care- centers for the aged. Most important of all, the state should ensure a decent pension for them, peasants in particular. In the vast countryside, most aged people are financially supported by their sons, whose life is a perpetual struggle against poverty. What can they do if they are childless? Senior citizens, parents in particular, need our love and deserve the best care. Respecting senior citizens bears vital importance to the family - planning policy in China. If we do our best to honor ourparents and the aged, our children will follow our example. How to Organize a Picnic A picnic is a pleasure trip in which food is taken to be eaten somewhere outdoors. It can either inelude or exclude barbecue. It can be on the beach, on the river bank or even in the woods. No matter where it takes place, it brings great joy. For a picnic to be well organized, you should first prepare the necessary foods, including meat,bread, drinks and so on. Of course the picnic basket should also be taken into consideration. In addition, you should bring with you several disposable pieces of plastic tablecloth, which can serve as the table when spread out on the ground. If you plan to have a barbecue at the same time, you should also prepare a grill and fuel. Generally, the most desirable fuel is charcoal. It is a good fuel to use in the grill because it burns slowly and gives off great heat. You should also bring some slender pointed pieces of bamboo or iron so that small pieces of meat can be strung together for easy cooking. The material preparation above is necessary, but it is not enough. Another important thing to think about is' how to dispose available manpower for the activity properly. In other words, you should appoint different people to be the leaders in charge of different things so that when the picnic begins, they can have a good cooperation, thus making the activity smooth and pleasant. There is one more thing which you can never forget. You should always 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 22 be aware of the need to protect the environment. To achieve this, you should avoid making a fire under the trees that can easily catch fire. At the same time, when the picnic comes to an end, collect the waste and throw it in the rubbish heap. Information and My Life As you know, information plays an important role in our modern society. Someone ~ys that ours is a society of information. I agree with him. In fact, information is expanding at an increasing rate. As a member of modern society, I am fully aware of the significance of information to my life. It affects nearly every aspect of my life. Then how to obtain and deal with information seems to be of utmost importance. As for me, the first way to obtain information is to go to library. Our library is so large that it covers a wide range of subjects. Various kinds of information can be got in it. Information about society, economy, politics and sciences will give you a fresh mind. Of course, library isn' t the only source of information. I can learn much information by other means. Even when talking with my friends I can get a lot of useful information. But information is so immense that we haven' t ample energy and time to deal deeply with' it. Moreover, some of the information might not be true. So, how to select information is also significant to me. Listen to all, trust only three tenths. To obtain accurate information and to throw off the false part of it should be our goal. Information should be made full use in my life. Right now, I try to use information mostly on my studies. When I get into society several years later, information will probably become more and more important How to Keep Fit A healthy body is very important to every one of us. When you are sick, you feel painful all over your body, have no energy to work; and the only thing you want to do is lying on the bed. When you are healthy, you can eat well, sleep well, sing and jump happily, do all the things you like to enjoy life. The methods to keep us fit vary. In the morning, you can get up early, go outdoors, breathe the fresh air, and do physical exercises. Running and swimming are extremely helpful to keep one fit. If you are a busy person and have no special time allocated to do these things, there are still some ways useful for to keep fit. The easiest way is to walk to your office instead of riding a bike or taking a bus. You also have to take a routine physical check - up. Your doctor will know the condition of your body most clearly, and he will give you the most valuable advice to keep fit. You should always try to make yourself happy. If you feel happy, you can eat well, sleep well, and your body is sure to be in an excellent condition. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 23 Health is the most valuable possession a person expects in his life. Try every means to keep fit is my advice to the people who want to live a happy life in this beautiful world. Cinema and Television A survey has been conducted in the United Kingdom about cinema admissions and television licenses over the period 1957 to 1974. The purpose of the survey was to discover the changes of the popularity of cinema and television in this period. According to the graph, it can be seen that the trend was towards a decrease in the popularity of the cinema. There was a dramatic fall in the number of cinema admissions from 1957, when about 900 million people went, to 1959, when the attendance figure was roughly 550 million. From 1959 to 1963 the rate of decrease slowed down, the figure for the latter year being about 350 million. From this year on, there was a more gradual reduction in the popularity of the cinema, reaching a figure of about 125 million in 1974. Therefore, it can be concluded from the graph that over the period 1957 to 1974 the cinema admissions became lower and lower while the television viewing licences became higher and higher owing to the advantages of watching television at home than going out to the cinema though it does not show directly in the graph. Good Manners Good manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners. But what are good manners? How does one know what should do and what should not do when trying to be a good - mannered person? Well, here are some common examples. A person with good manners never laughs at a people in trouble. Instead, he (she) always tries to consult or offer help to the person. When he (she) takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he (she) always gives his (her) seat to him. He doesn't interrupt other people when they are talking. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spite in public places. Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different regions. For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas in China, kissing in public is something of unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else. So it is important to know what is regarded as polite and impolite before you go to a region. But remember that it is always right to be kind and helpful 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 24 to others. Read Extensively Reading plays a very important part in human life. Every day we get in touch with reading something. We have a lot of things to read in our lives, such as books, magazines, newspapers, and even adver, tisement papers distributed everywhere. Through reading we can get a lot of useful information, for example, the latest news of our country and the world. Nevertheless, people's interests in reading vary considerably. Some people like reading novels. Some people like reading essays. Some other people may prefer reading magazines or newspapers.Here,what I want to emphasize is that no matter what you are interested in, you should read ektensively. I have my reasons for it. First, we are living in a society full of information. We should make ourselves well- informed in order to keep up with the steps of our society. Reading extensively is an efficient method of acquiring information. Second, we need many kinds of skills in our lives. Reading extensively can help us learn those skills so that we can live more comfortably in the world. The more extensively you read, the more skills you can get. Third, we have a lot of decisions to make each day. Sometimes, we may feel difficult to make a correct decision. Reading extensively can help you understand the world you live in, and therefore, help you to make a clever decision in a difficult situation. Fourth, reading extensively can help you enlarge the range of your knowledge so that you can communicate with others more freely. You will find something to say when you talk with your friends no matter what topic you are talking about. There are some other advantages of reading extensively. Because of the significance of extensive reading, you should begin to do so immediately. If you have determined to read extensively from now on, you are sure to be able to find a lot of books you are interested in, and the time to read them. Your life will become much more meaningful and substantial than before. Today's Luxuries Are Tomorrow's Necessities By "luxury", we mean "a pleasant and often expensive thing that is not necessary". From a historical point of view, things which Were a luxury when they first came into being all became necessities later. When the electric bulb was first invented in the U.S., it was such a luxury that only government bodies could afford to use it. Nowadays, however, it has reached every part of the world. It is the same case with telephone, TV, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 25 and a lot of others, which were all luxuries years ago. Anything, no matter how luxurious it is, will become a necessity when it is widely used. This is true of many of the present luxuries, including mobile phones, cars, computers and many other things. It is known to all that the purpose of the development of science is to make things easy for the mankind, not for only a small number of people. Therefore, the first thing to do after a new invention occurs is to spread it so as to benefit as many people as possible. In the course of the spread, the luxury becomes decreasingly luxurious until in the end it becomes a necessity. This is an objective law, nothing can be an exception. With the quick development of science and technology, the process for many things to become a necessity from a luxury will be greatly shortened. Anything that can be imagined will be invented and in no time becomes a necessity accessible to ordinary people. Modesty Modesty is one of the many qualities that cross - century young people should possess. It makes you foresee your imperfections. It gives you the impetus to go forward. Most important of all, it makes you accessible and creates favorable conditions for you in interpersonal contacts. However, many young people do not seem to realize the importance of modesty. Some of them just feel satisfied with a little success, without the slightest desire to make further progress. Others have too high an opinion of themselves, totally ignoring other people' s suggestions and advice. Consequently, their immodesty often drives them up against the wall. Worst of all, immodesty takes many young people away from their colleagues and friends. Therefore they find fewer people with whom they can confide. For you to be modest, the first thing to do is to have a full understanding of your deficiencies. No matter who you are and no matter how talented you are, you are unlikely to be all - powerful. In fact, you will always, in spite of your talents, find things about which you feel helpless. Besides, you should also admit other people's strong points and try your best to learn from them. If you keep these two points in mind, you are on the right path to developing modesty. The Importance of Physical Exercise Everyone hopes to live happily in the world. Physical exercise is 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 26 indispensable to a happy life. There is a famous saying: "Life lies on exercise." Although you will not necessarily die without regular physical exercises, they' II certainly help you live longer and more healthily. Exercise is good for us to build our bodies. It helps co - ordinate the different parts of our bodies when we have sports. For example, we must try our best to co - ordinate the movements of the arms and legs when we play basketball, or we won't be able to shoot the basket. Exercise also benefits our organs. It lets the heart beat faster than usual, and then helps enlarge the blood vessels to protect us from heart attacks. Exercise can also contribute to the development of our ability to response agilely. For instance, when you play table- tennis, you must try to reflect as quickly as you can so that you may fight back at the right position at the fight moment. Exercise can also contribute to improving our mood. When you do exercise, you move a lot, and you have to be more active. It helps you become more optimistic. Exercise will fill your life with various contents and make it more colorful. What's more, exercise will help you get rid of your inertia. If you keep doing exercise regularly, you will never be a lazy person. Therefore, exercise has great effect on one's character. In a word, exercise is helpful, important and absolutely necessary. Air-conditioners In recent years, the air- conditioner has become one of the many indispensable electrical appliances for thousands upon thousands of families, especially those in the south, where the intense heat overwhelms the earth throughout the summer. The advantages of the air- conditioner are self - evident. Armed with the ability to refrigerate, the air- conditioner makes you feel refreshing and comfortable no matter how hot it is outside. Thus it guarantees the efficiency of your work and the quality of your rest. Without it there would be no knowing what would happen to you in the dog days. Moreover, it can also create a proper condition in summer for the operation of computers -- the best friends of yours in the information age. Too high a temperature would make computers work improperly, causing much inconvenience for your daily life 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 27 and work. With all the advantages the air- conditioner offers, its disadvantages are also obvious. To begin with, the installment of the air - conditioner always involves the hole making in the wall, which undoubtedly makes the wall less pleasing to the eye than if not. Besides, the air- conditioned environment may make you more and more dependent on the air - conditioner, thus physically weakening your ability to cope with hot weather. Most important, the air - conditioned environment provides poor ventilation, and sometimes may even give rise to a strange kind of smell, which makes you feel dizzy and sick. Consequently, you will be in no mood for enjoying the cool air produced by the air- conditioner. All things considered, I think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. Actually, nothing in the world is perfect. It is unwise to make light of the favorable aspects of a thing on account of its unfavorable aspects. The same is true of the attitude you take towards the air - conditioner. Reading- The Best Means to Acquire knowledge Knowledge may be acquired through many ways. One way of getting knowledge is from traveling Another way is by conversation, especially one with a great man. A person may also become knowledgeable through other ways such as listening to the radio or watching television. The best way to acquire knowledge, however, is through reading. Reading as a means of obtaining knowledge has a number of advantages over many other ways. To begin with, it is the most consistent way of getting knowledge. One can read regularly but few people can travel in the same way. Secondly, reading can ensure a thorough grasp of what you are interested in. This is hardly so when one is listening to the radio or watching TV. Finally, reading is the most flexible of all the ways to obtain knowledge. For example, one can always read for ten minutes before going to bed, but it is not always possible for him to converse with others at such a late hour. However, there exists one problem about reading. There are all kinds of Books in society. Some are good, while others are bad. 'Good books are beneficial to our .soul while bad ones are harmful to our mind. Therefore, it is of great irnportance for the reader to separate good plants from wild weeds. We should read good books and reject harmful ones. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 28 Unemployment Unemployment is viewed as the number one problem in China now and the government has launched a major attack on the problem. The steps the government has taken to deal with unemployment are' as follows. Firstly, unemployment fund has been established to help the unemployed workers to support themselves. Secondly, the unemployed receive vocational training, which is expected to pay off in the short term and give the unemployed an advantage in the job market. It is due to the lack of professional skills that these workers have lagged behind in the society. These training programs aim to equip the workers with some special skills, such as typing, sewing, and cooking. Finally, psychological advice is also available, since unemployment, apart from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological discomfort. With the advice, the unemployed will learn how to adapt to the fierce competition in the technological age. With the joint efforts of the government and the society, we are optimistic that we can win the current war on unemployment. Value of Knowledge In the Information Age, public awareness of the value of knowledge critically affects the economic growth of a nation. The schematic diagram clearly shows how the value of knowledge evolved in China in the past 50 years. The schematic diagram mainly consists of three parts. From 1950 to 1966, the curve was roughly a straight line slightly above zero, showing that China was a poorly-educated nation then. In 1966, the curve drastically dropped below zero, moving down hopelessly in the next 11 years. This periodcoincided with the "Culture Revolution". Our society went mad then, books were burned,schools were closed and all kinds of academic activities were banned. Knowledge inflicted its masters nothing but disasters. Life was a nightmare for Chinese intellectuals, including famous scholars as well as common people who received higher education or whose profession had anything to do with knowledge. It was a time when ignorance was a virtue and knowledge was a crime. People tried desperately to be away from knowledge. As a result, China lagged farther behind the rapid progressing world. This was the darkest time in the history of New China. The curve returned to its original non-zero position around 1978 and moved up but slowly. From 1984 on, it has been shooting up. The open-up 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 29 policy encourages people to study and to channel their knowledge to the market economy. Millions of Chinese are bettering off by means of their knowledge and more Chinese enjoy the fruits of knowledge and say goodbye for good to poverty that haunted them for generations. As our world is rapidly advancing towards the Information Age, increasing number of people realize that knowledge is power and creativity is everything. Only when China becomes a better educated nation, can China be a great nation with international prestige. Annual Expenses on Learning English It is well known that English learning is fairly important to the student, but also it is a money hunter. The Graph of Annual Expenses aims to show us the fact that daily study has constituted a yearly large sum of money. That is, students are, day by day, challenging the knowledge from a sea of reference hooks, cassette tapes, CDs and even VCD. Buying books is always the biggest sum of a student's expense, which has ranged from 10 to 60 RMB yuan during the latest decades. What' s more evident, it can be found in 1999 that VCD is beneficial for students to better their English. Perhaps VCD may help students to improve listening comprehension. Therefore, they have spent 50 RMB yuan to buy VCD. No one can deny the fact that CDs have something to do with learning English. In most situations, they are helpful to improve our understanding of foreign cultures, which are often considered difficult and tedious for students to learn form the textbooks. Compared with this, listening tapes is rather boring, so in 1999 a student spent less than 20 RMB yuan to buy tapes. However, much money does not mean obtaining a better acquisition of a foreign language. In a long run, I am determined to make full use of available tools to master English, and try to make all the books, CDs, VCDs well - worth their expenses. Dietary Changes and Health Care As is shown in the graph, China's food distribution has taken great changes from 1960's to 1990's Acocrding to this statistics of cereals, vegetable, meat, and fruits, the number of those who eat rice, flour or 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 30 vegetable has greatly decreased in the past four decades. In contrast of this the number of those who eat oil or meat has sharply increased. From such dietary changes, we can perceive the rapid improvement of our people' s living standard. Why does this improvement occur? The direct reason is the fact that the Chinese people have attached much importance to their health care. Nationally, China's economic growth is booming, and more people are getting richer. Individually, everyone's consumption of food is increasingly varied. In particular, most of people are reluctant to eat much vegetable, but much meat and oil in their diets. In my view, the changes of China's dietary distribution seem to be both positive and negative. The positive aspect is that China' s economical growth has given rise to the higher level of dietary standard, with most of people living rich and happy. But the negative aspect is that, I'm afraid, less eating vegetable will lead to poorer health, such as lacking vitamin nutrients in one's body. Therefore, we think it necessary for the Chinese to be aware of the balanced diets: Both vegetable and meat, which may gain us healthier bodies in the new century. 考研英语格式作文例解（WTO 篇） 考研作文的最主要的特点就是以议论为主。其实，考试作文是最容易写的一种作 文形式（这不包括英语专业考试的作文），它不要求写得很有文采，它最追求的 就是要写得脉络清晰，富有条理。考试作文的指针就是：取悦阅卷者，充分考虑 阅卷者的心理。为了达到这个目的。建议考研作文采取格式作文的形式 第一步，就是要采取四段式来写作文，第一段阐明主旨，二、三段分别叙述，最 后一段再进行总结。每一段的起始句很重要，建议第一段的起始句采取长句的形 式，而后面的段落的起始句用一些特定的显示层次的词和词组来修饰也很重要。 如“first,second,third""first of all ,secondly,in the final analysis"等等，这样能使段与 段之间的联系更加紧密。对于进行详细阐述的二、三段，建议每一段举上一两个 实例，以避免给阅卷者言之无物的印象。另外，二三段的每一段的结尾应该对该 段的中心思想再进行一个简要的概括，分别用一个句子即可，这样做的好处就是 使阅卷者对你文章的条理性有一个更深刻的认识。最后一段照应第一段，再进行 一个大意上的概括，当然，应该用另外一种语句，并在中心思想的基础上做一定 的拓展。 以下是我套用这个格式理论写的一篇“加入世贸组织对中国的影响”，以供参考。 The impacts of China's entry into the world trade organization After years of bitter struggles and numerous negations, China, the economy of which is one of the world's biggest ,eventually became a formal member of the world trade 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 31 organization--the largest organization that coordinates trade and business operations among its member states. As a matter of course, China's entry into the TWO brought with it challenges as well as opportunities. First of all, China is to enjoy the benefits that the organization provides us. Lower tariffs and tax rates and fewer trade barriers will facilitate our swift and efficient imports and exports and other trade activities. According to the trade clauses of the WTO, the European union shall cut down the tax rates it imposes on our exported textile products, thus availing the arts-and-crafts companies in our country to extract more profits from the business. In a sense ,the WTO means opportunity, and it sets the stage for our business to cut a brilliant figure in the international economic circles. Secondly, China's national economy is set to be faced with fierce competition from the outside world. WTO pursues a relatively equal and free business environment for all its members, which poses a major challenge for our economy.. Such monopolous business sectors used to enjoy protections from governments of all levels as telecommunications and banking will find themselves no longer be in a "safe box". They have to adjust or replace their current operative and marketing strategies to cope with the "outdooors" shrewd and talented completers, or they will suffer big losses and tough time is awaiting them. We should brace for the challenges so as to take the initiative when competition is close at hand. In the final analysis, abundant opportunities and stiff challenges goes hand in hand with each other along with China's entry in the WTO.. We should make good use of the chances and meanwhile suitably deal with the outside competition, All our efforts are to upgrade our business scales and get more integrated into the international business community. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 32 英语作文高级词汇 一、自然、生态、环境 1.好词 (1)Environmental/water/air/noisepollution (2)Resourcesexhaustion (3)Wildlifeextinction (4)Endangeredspecies (5)Naturalhabitat (6)Reserveareas (7)Sand/duststorm (8)Clear-cutting/deforestation (9)Overfishing 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 33 (10)Overgrazing 提高英语写作分数的 33 个词组 1.经济的快速发展 therapiddevelopmentofeconomy 2. 人 民 生 活 水 平 的 显 著 提 高 / 稳 步 增 长 theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople ’ slivingstandard 3.先进的科学技术 advancedscienceandtechnology 4. 面 临 新 的 机 遇 和 挑 战 befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges 5.人们普遍认为 Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat… 6. 社 会 发 展 的 必 然 结 果 theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment 7. 引 起 了 广 泛 的 公 众 关 注 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 34 arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention 8.不可否认 Itisundeniablethat…/Thereisnodenyingthat…/ 9.热烈的讨论/争论 aheateddiscussion/debate 10.有争议性的问题 acontroversialissue 11.完全不同的观点 atotallydifferentargument 12.一些人…而另外一些人…Somepeople…whileothers… 13.就我而言/就个人而言 AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 reachanabsoluteconsensuson… 15.有充分的理由支持 besupportedbysoundreasons 16.双方的论点 argumentonbothsides 17. 发 挥 着 日 益 重 要 的 作 用 playanincreasinglyimportantrolein… 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 35 18.对…必不可少 beindispensableto… 19.正如谚语所说 Astheproverbgoes: 20.…也不例外…benoexception 21. 对 … 产 生 有 利 / 不 利 的 影 响 exertpositive/negativeeffectson… 22. 利 远 远 大 于 弊 theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages。 23.导致，引起 leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin 24.复杂的社会现象 acomplicatedsocialphenomenon 25. 责 任 感 / 成 就 感 senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement 26.竞争与合作精神 senseofcompetitionandcooperation 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 36 27.开阔眼界 widenone’shorizon/broadenone’svision 28.学习知识和技能 acquireknowledgeandskills 29.经济/心理负担 financialburden/psychologicalburden 30. 考 虑 到 诸 多 因 素 takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration 31.从另一个角度 fromanotherperspective 32.做出共同努力 makejointefforts 33.对…有益 bebeneficial/conduciveto… 34.为社会做贡献 makecontributionstothesociety 35.打下坚实的基础 layasolidfoundationfor… 36.综合素质 comprehensivequality 37.无可非议 blameless/beyondreproach 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 37 39.致力于/投身于 becommitted/devotedto… 1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 一定要指出的是国家基本政策之 一是在提高人口质量的同时控制人口增长。 2. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力 的工作。 3. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we cannot overcome.从这里可看出， 世上没有克服不了的困难。 5. As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知， 知识就是力量。 6. It is a common saying that where there is a will ,there is a way.俗话说，有志者，事竟成。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 38 7. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作 20 小 时的。 8. It‘s hard to say whether the plan is practical. 这个计划是否实际很难说。 9. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.毫无疑问，你有困难时，会得 到别人的帮助。 10. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided.老实说我们所犯的许多错误本来都能够避免 的。 11. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.正如我们指的的一样，直到最近，这个问 题才被解决。 13. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 39 14. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.到目前为止我们所知道的是，他用了 10 年 的时间来写这本书。 15. It has been proved that his theory is right. 已经证明，他的理论是对的。 17. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.老实说，不论你喜不喜欢，你别无选择。 19. We will be successful as long as we insist on working hard.只要我们坚持努力工作，我们会成功的。 21. It is true that we must make our greater efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries. 是真的，我们要作出更大的努力，不然/否则，我们不能赶上发 达国家。 22. I take it for granted that they will support this idea.我认为他们会支持这个提议是理所当然的。 24. In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 40 person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved. 在某种情况下，一个成功的科学家就是一个绝不满足于自己已取 得的成就的人。 25. There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 不可否认的事实是，新的管理方法已经极大提高了产量。 26. Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn‘t say a word. 一听到这个出乎意 料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。 27, As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.俗话说，世上无 难事，只怕有心人。 28. Noting can prevent us from realizing the four modernizations.没有事情可以阻止我们实现四个现代化。 29. Now in China, more and more families can afford to buy high-grade goods, such as washing machines, TV sets, video-recorders.在今时今日的中国，越来越多的家庭有能力买 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 41 高档次的货物，例如洗衣机、电视机和录像机。 30. No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it.不管英语有多么难，你都应 该尽你最大的努力来学它。 31.The number of visitors has increased year by year. As a result of Reform and Open Policy, the number of them has been increasing greatly each year.游客的数量逐年递增， 由于改革开发政策，游客的数量已经每年大幅增加。 32. You will forget your tiredness and build up your health.你会忘记疲劳，建造健康。 33. But sometimes traveling is not an enjoyable thing, for example, the weather can be changeable. You may be caught in the rain and may catch a cold while travelling. 但有时候，旅游不一定是一件令人享受的事，举个例子，天气多 变。你有可能在旅程中被雨淋或着凉感冒。 34. The worst thing is that you may have your money stolen and you may have an injury. All these are terrible 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 42 things which can happen to a tourist.最糟糕的事情事你的 钱可能被偷或者你也能发生意外。所有这些事情都是有可能发生 在你身上的。 35. you must be careful everywhere and try to avoid accidents.你必须要处处小心，尽量去避免意外。 36．Our factories will try our best to meet the requirements of consumers.我们的工厂们会尽最大努力来满足 顾客们的要求。 37.Last Sunday, our class organized some volunteer’s activities, in which all of us took an active part.上个 星期天，我们班组织一些志愿活动，我们所有人都参加了。 38.These volunteer’s activities can help us to gain some social experience and make good sense of our personal values as well. 这些义务活动能帮我们获取一些社会经验同时 也能帮我们意识到自身的价值。 39. Group three helped to raise money in the street for the “Hope Project”, so that more children in poor areas 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 43 can afford their schooling.第三组帮忙到街上集款给“希望 工程”，以至于有更多的贫困地区的孩子们能读得起书。 40. Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively.与传统的卡片相比， 电子卡更有趣和生动。 41. In Guangming Middle School, every Sunday afternoon from 2:30 p.m.to 4:30 p.m., there is an English corner. 在光明中学，每周日下午从 2.30 到 4.30，有一个英语 角。 42. Apart from students from Guangming Middle school, the attendants include students from other middle schools or colleges, even doctors and engineers.除了光明中学的学 生之外，参加的人还有其他中学的学生或大学的学生，甚至还有 医生和工程师们。 43.All the teachers and the students are expected to be present at the art festival. There is sure to be a lot of fun. Do come and join us.所有的老师和学生都要出席学校 的艺术节。到时肯定很好玩。请务必到场加入我们。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 44 44.Although Li Hua was the last one to cross the finishing line, he won the “Courage Cup” with honor. I was deeply touched by Li Hua’s great determination. 虽然李华 是最后一个冲线的人，但他赢得了勇气杯。我被李华的坚强意志 深深地感动了。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 45 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 2.common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 46 details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit 11.competitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 47 makes people feel ashamed or stupid) 17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental 19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe) 20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) 22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details) 23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 48 24.small=minuscule(very small), minute, 25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political) 26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly 27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts) 28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically) 30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.) 31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 49 colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL) 32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.) 33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.) 34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently 35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)! 36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.) 39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)4 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 50 40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound) 42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)# 43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)! 44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be) 45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive 46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 51 47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL) 48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it) 49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold) 50.hot=boiling(very hot) 51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)/ { 52.nowadays=currently 53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive; 54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 52 55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)( h 56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something) 57.obvious=apparent, manifest 58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily) 60.quite=fairly 61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing) 62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest) 63.appear=emerge(come into existence) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 53 64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8 65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)! 66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct) 67.difficult=formidable 68.change=convert(change into another form) 69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something) 70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible) 71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability) 72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 54 his/her opinion is different from most people) 73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money) 74.use= utilize (the same as use) 75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.) 76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction) 77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time) 78.scholarship=fellowship 79.angry=enraged(extremely angry) 80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 55 smell) 81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)# 82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal) 83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things) 84.disorder=disarray, chaos 85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 56 uncontrolled way) 86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly) 87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual) 88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL) 89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 57 90.sharp=acute(severe and intense) 91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^ 92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it) 93.method=avenue(away of getting something done) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 58 94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career) 95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned) 96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/ 97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved) 98.so=consequently, accordingly 99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 59 100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 60 2012 高考英语作文完美炮制法 紧扣高考英语作文评分标准 高考作文采用总体评分方式，集中在以下四个方 面： －覆盖了题目提出的所有内容要点和要求； －应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，内容比较丰 富； －在使用复杂结构或高级词汇时允许有些许错 误； －有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧 凑流畅。 ●高考英语作文完美行文四步骤 STEP1：确定文章框架，包括：时态、语态、格 式、展开方式、开头结尾等。 STEP2：确定内容要点，包括：主要人物、时间 地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。 STEP3：正式开始写作，整理思路成篇，行文连 贯。 STEP4： 及粗心犯下的错误. 高考英语写作技巧汇总 （一）掌握技巧： （1）注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分（opening paragraph）——说出文中的要 点、核心问题。 正文部分（Body paragraphs）——围绕主题开展叙 述、讨论。 结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）——对全文的 总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联 系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关 的内容。 详细可以参情况考 ESL 资源网站 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 61 http://www.ESLbay.com 里面的 writing 部分。 （2）确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在 文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现 在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出 的内容进行解释，扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： ①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 ③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。 （二）巧用连接词 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使 用连接词 表示罗列增加 First, second, third,First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other hand, Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular, 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally,immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment, form now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, 表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 62 but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all, 表示并列关系 or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor 表示因果关系 because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that 表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 表示让步关系 though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom) 表示举例 for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example 表示比较 be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as, 表示目的 for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, 表示强调 in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all, 表示概括归纳 in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 63 （三）掌握常用句型： 台湾英语资源网 http://www.esl.tw 里面有很多， 下面只列举比较常用的。 1. in order to 为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。 He worked very hard in order to realize his dream. 2. in order that 她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。 She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.. 3. so…that 他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。 They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn. 4. such…that 天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。 It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. 5. would rather do…than do 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。 He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 6. prefer doing to doing 他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。 He prefers making speeches after careful preparation. 7. prefer to do…rather than do 比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么 多时间来购物。 Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping. 8. not only…but also 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程， 而且还获得了博士学位。 In just three years, she had not only finished all the 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 64 lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree. 9. either…or 如果考试过关，你可以买一个 MP3 或去云南玩一 趟。 You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam. 10. Neither…nor 他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。 He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading. 11. as well as 他善良又乐于助人。 He was kind as well as helpful. 12. …as well 这个小孩活泼又可爱。 The child is active and funny as well. 13. One…the other 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一 支是黑色的。 Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black. 14. Some…others 每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。 Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing. 15. make…+adj /n 我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。 What we do will make the world more beautiful. 16. not…until 直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。 I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened. 17. as if 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 65 他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。 He talks a lot as if he knows everything. 18. It is no use (good) doing… 假装不懂规则是行不通的。 It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules. 19. find it + adj to do… 我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。 I find it necessary to take down notes while listening. 20. It is + time since… 我已经有两年没见他了。 It is two years since I last met him. 21. It is + time when… 我到电影院时已经八点钟了。 It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema. 22. It is + time before… 不久我们就会再见面的。 I won’t be long before we can meet again. 23. It is…that… 我最珍视的是友谊。 It is friendship that I value most. 24. It is + n / adj + that / to do… 每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机 It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers. 写作辅导：写作核心句型 核心句型 1． 开头 1. The arguer may be right about …, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) that fact that… 2. As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that… 3. Although many people believe that …, I doubt (wonder) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 66 whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination). 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A. 5. Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that …, it is unlikely to be true that… 6. There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that… 7. It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that… 8. The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that … 9. It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that … 10. In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected). 11. There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that… 12. Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when … is taken into consideration (account). 13. To assume (suggest) that … is far from being proved (to miss the point). 14. A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is. 15. On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 67 second thought), we find that… 16. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) … may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts… 17. The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that… 18. What the arguer fails to understand (consider /mention) is that… 19. We don’t have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition). 20. However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem. 2． 正文 1. Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that… 2. Common sense tells us that… 3. The increase (change / failure / success) in… mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)… 4. The increase (change / failure /success) in … is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that… 5. Many people would claim that… 6. One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change) to …, but … is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7. One of the reasons given for … is that… 8. What is also worth noticing is that… 9. There are many (different / several / a number of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in .. First,… Second,… Finally,… 10. There is no evidence to suggest that… 11. Why are (is / do / did) …? For one thing, … For another, … 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 68 12. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that… 13. It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences). 14. There are numerous reasons why …, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 15. It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on… 16. A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in… 17. In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 18. By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 19. It account for 15 percent of the total. 20. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period. 21. By 1999, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked)… 3． 结尾 1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that… 2. All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that … 3. It is high time that we place (lay / put) great ( special / 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 69 considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of… 4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of… 5. We must look (search / all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of …, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of… 6. There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of …, but … might be useful (helpful / beneficial). 7. No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of …, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of … might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction). 8. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9. Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that… 10. Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that… 11. There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of … 12. It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 70 be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon). 13. It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of … 14. It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)… 15. It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy). 16. Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave / serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of… 17. To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards (attitude towards / outlook on)… 18. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that… 19. For the reasons given above, I feel that… 英语写作十字真经：研习、背诵、默写、互译、模仿 英语的书面表达一直以来就是英语学习的瓶颈。在 此，笔者向各位学习者提供突破英语写作的十字建 议，即研习、背诵、默写、互译、模仿，概括出培养 写作能力的五个方面，如能严格遵循，定能柳暗花明。 研 习 “没有规矩，不成方圆。”对于一般英语学习者而言， 写出优秀的文章有赖于后天习得，但并不意味着机械 背诵、生吞活剥，或者照搬照抄、人云亦云。所谓研 习，需要有独立思考和个人的判断，本着“他山之石， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 71 可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的精华部分加以研究。研 习主要侧重两个方面，包括文章章法和语言表达。文 章章法指文章的行文思路、布局谋篇、结构安排、逻 辑顺序。许多学习者面对一个话题，可能存在两种不 同的困惑，一是下笔千言，但离题万里；二是思绪万 千，却无从落笔。导致两种困惑的根源皆在于欠缺思 考问题、组织思路的恰当方式，以至于文章不得要领、 章法紊乱。这就要求我们从全篇脉络角度多研习范 文，之后领悟如何以演绎法行文、怎样用归纳法谋篇 以及如何围绕特定话题拓展思路等等。此外，研习还 要侧重于语言表达，包括遣词造句和句子、段落之间 的各 种衔接手段，以期在自己日后的写作中派上用场，因 为英文写作皆通一理。只有善于借鉴，勤加研究，才 会借他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水平。 背 诵 背诵是提高写作的又一有效途径。要学好写作，首先 要处理好语言输入与输出之间的关系。前者是后者的 前提条件。如果头脑空空如也，就根本谈不上写出像 模像样的文章。只有读过大量东西，并且有意识地将 其中精彩部分储存于记忆之中(commit the highlights to memory)，才能保证下笔流畅、文通字顺。因此，背诵 对于写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械记忆，而是有选 择性的背诵，是有意义的记忆。因为机械背诵的结果 要么是记忆很快就荡然无存、了无痕迹，要么是无法 活学活用、付诸实践。背诵包括五个方面：重点词汇、 常用套语、精彩句子、优秀段落、经典篇章。 重点词汇 美妙的用词及搭配皆在此列，像 fall victim（受害）， stand a fair chance（大有希望）这种地道的动宾搭配要 勤加记忆。为了积累写作词汇，应将文中同属一个话 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 72 题的用词汇总归纳，组成主题词族（topic family）。归 类记忆可以使自己日后即写即用，得心应手。下文是 一篇阐释爱心的优秀文章，多处用词精巧，现将文中 关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如下： emotional strength 情感的力量 the noblest of human emotions 人类最高尚的情感 no thought of gain 不计得失 the lamp of love 爱心之灯 help the victims of natural disasters 支援自然灾害受害 者 donate whatever they can 倾囊相助 help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞 be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手 When we use the word “love”, we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions. As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves. In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 73 no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. 当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个人 的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。爱心是一 种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心 都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化背景的 人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。 说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人 民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照 国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民毫不犹 豫地倾囊相助――不管是钱还是物――帮助那些有需 要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。 我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸 的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之 手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们 就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因 为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。 常用套语 套语指流行的公式化语言，在写作中适当使用颇有必 要。如在商业信函结尾，期望对方早日回复的表达方 式就要遵循套语的基本模式，使表达规范得体。下面 试举几个例子： Kindly favor us with an early reply. 请早日赐复。 Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated. 如能及时回 复，将不胜感谢。 We look forward to hearing from you soon. 早日回复。 We are expecting your prompt reply. 急盼回复。 Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly. 请 早日回信。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 74 Kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience. 请在您方便时尽早赐函。 We would appreciate it if you could respond right away. 如能即刻回复，将不胜感谢。 当前流行应试写作模板，即套语的使用贯穿文章始 终，为考生提供万能公式型的文章主架，每句表达皆 由固定套语框定，考生只要背下套用句型、过渡词语， 在考试中根据特定考题填充具体内容。这种应试策略 使写出的文章矫揉造作，生硬刻板，虽可以让考生及 格过关，但绝对得不到高分。套语的过多使用不妨可 以比作大海中的救生圈，有了它，仅仅可以让不擅游 泳者保全性命，却无法自在畅游，一展泳姿。一般而 言，套语较为空洞，如使用过多，文章容易流于空泛， 言之无物。写作宜虚实结合，形式与内容相统一。下 例是一篇比较在家学习与入校读书谁优谁劣的范文， 文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和过渡词语，不仅增 强了表达效果，而且实现了形式与内容的统一。 There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. Second, it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time. But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom, too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly, there can be no substitute for a 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 75 good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students. Given the choice between these two methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge. 关于在家学习，我们可以提出两个主要论点。第一， 由于电子媒体方面取得的进步把整个世界的知识通 过互联网和电视上的教育课程带入了家庭，教室不再 是惟一获取知识的场所。第二，人们普遍认为，在自 己家里这样熟悉的环境中，并且能自己安排学习时 间，一个人能学得更好。 但是，我们不能忽视在教室里学习也有好处这一事 实。周围都是能力相近和兴趣相投的人可能会对获取 知识形成巨大的刺激，而对很多人来说孤独一人在家 学习会有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，没有什么可以替 代一个好老师，他不仅能够传道授业，而且能够评估 并鼓励学生。 如果在两种学习方法中选择，我更喜欢在教室里学 习，因为我是那种很难在家务琐事、客人、电话的打 扰下集中注意力学习的人。我认为大多数人只有在教 室里才能把全部精力放在获取知识这件十分重要的 工作上。 精彩句子 精彩句子指文章中句式优美、蕴含哲理的句子。精彩 句子的背诵有助于写作时的引用和模仿。如在阅读美 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 76 国前总统约翰?肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)的就职演说 (Inaugural Address)时，可以记住诸如“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ”（不要问国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为 国家做什么。）这样的传世佳句，当你写关于爱国 (patriotism)主题的作文时，则可以适时引用。现仍以 上面谈“爱心”的文章为例，其中值得背诵的句子为数 不少。摘录如下： ① Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. 爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗， 爱心都能支撑我们。 ② People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens. 全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助――不管是钱还是 物――帮助那些有需要的同胞。 ③The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. 表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。 ④ The darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines. 悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。 优秀段落 阅读时，我们经常会碰到一些过目难忘的段落。这些 段落或者表达流畅、文笔优美，或者逻辑缜密、结构 严谨。根据表达需要，有不同的功能段落，如现象说 明段、观点陈述段、原因列举段、利弊解释段、结论 归纳段、趋势预测段、措施建议段等。有些优秀段落 可以作为写作的功能段落加以背诵，对于我们拓展思 路、规范行文大有裨益。在背诵过程中，熟练掌握各 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 77 种功能段落的行文规则，自己在表达时就能驾轻就 熟。下面仅举观点陈述段和措施建议段各一例。 观点陈述段（陈述“民族文化应该成为世界文化”的观 点） A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to China, they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people. In this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together. 一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，这对全人类都有 益。由于中国已经向外界敞开了国门，许多来自不同 国家的人都希望来看一看中国。他们会开始接受并喜 欢整个中国文化，中国文化应该大大方方地让感兴趣 的外国人分享。与此同时，随着来中国的外国人越来 越多，他们也把他们自己的文化带给了中国人。这样， 世界各国的人们就能够更好地相互理解、和平相处。 措施建议段（建议“人口老龄化”的解决措施） The rapidity of the population’s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. What’s more, family care and community services should also be encouraged. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 78 人口老龄化的加速使采取应对措施变得更为紧迫。毫 无疑问，解决问题的关键是建立稳固的经济基础。与 此同时，应该重视整体的社会进步，改变社会保障、 福利和服务的落后局面。除此之外，应该鼓励家庭照 料和社区服务。 经典篇章 古往今来，英语宝库中涌现出大批经典佳作，如林肯 的《葛底斯堡演说》(The Gettysburg Address)，福克纳 的诺贝尔奖演说(Banquet Speech)，海伦?凯勒的《给我 三天光明》(Three Days to See)。这些文章在文字的运 用上技法高超，在思想内涵上寓意深刻，读来字字珠 玑，文字优美，启迪心智，含义隽永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。这样的文章如不能熟读成诵，则无法融会贯通。 背诵一定数量的经典名篇既有助于提高自己遣词造 句的能力，也有助于加强自己表达思想的深度。下面 的一篇短文是英国哲学家罗素(Bertrand Russell)自传 的序言部分，题为 What I Have Lived For（我的人生追 求），概述了作者一生追求的三种理想，文章在语言 和思想两个方面都堪称经典，值得背诵。 What I Have Lived For Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ― ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness ― that terrible loneliness in 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 79 which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what ― at last ― I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people ― a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can’t, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me. 我的人生追求 有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对 爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的 怜悯。这些激情像飓风，无处不在、反复无常地吹拂 着我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。 我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种陶醉是 如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小 时这样的欣喜。我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独，在可 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 80 怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看到冰 冷、无底、死寂的深渊。最后，我寻找爱，还因为在 爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和 诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。这就是我所寻找的，而 且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这也是我终于找 到了的。 以同样的激情我探索知识。我希望能够理解人类的心 灵。我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。我试图领悟毕达 哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。仅在 不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。 爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。但是怜悯总把 我带回尘世。痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。忍饥 挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视 为可憎负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、 贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑 柄。我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我 自己也在忍受折磨。 这就是我的一生。我发现它值得一过。如果再给我一 次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。（方舟子译） 默 写 默写也是提高写作的一个重要环节，即把背熟的东西 付诸纸端。这个过程不仅是为了检验自己的记忆效 果，更为重要的是训练正确的书面表达能力。在英语 学习中，我们少有机会动笔写英文，长期以来，手笔 生疏，导致提笔即错。再者，由于受汉语思维和习惯 的种种影响，在潜意识里容易犯一些英语表达错误。 普遍存在的语言错误包括主谓一致、时态处理、冠词 用法、名词单复数形式、单词拼写等，尤其在单词拼 写方面，很多人混淆词性，把 society, economy, difficulty 写成 social, economic, difficult；再如字母位置错误，将 true, tired, modern 写作 ture, tried, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 81 morden；诸如此类。这些看似微妙的错误如果不加以 有意识的克服，可能会发展为根深蒂固的习惯，成为 写作中的重大弊病。通过默写，写出曾经记诵过的段 落字句，之后自我查验、批改，发现并纠正在动笔中 的错误，可以有效克服自己潜意识中的英文错误，提 高实际写作时的熟练和准确程度。 互 译 能够在英汉两种语言之间自如转换是英语学习的一 个至高境界。尝试英汉互译，即把英语文章翻译成地 道汉语，间隔数日再将汉语翻译回英文。英文和汉语 在表情达意方面存在着诸多差异，可惜学习者往往观 察不足，领悟不深。通过互译训练，比较异同，可以 强化我们对两种语言之间差异的认知，可以加强英语 表达能力。在复原成英文的过程中，词汇表达、句式 结构、段落组织、篇章布局等各个方面、多个角度都 得到复习。同时，可以有效避免中国式英语在作文中 的出现。中式英语在书面表达中屡见不鲜，根源在于 学习者受到汉语表达和中式思维的制囿。英汉互译有 助于冲破两种语言习惯的壁垒，有助于超越两种语言 思维的障碍，有助于思维与表达取得和谐的统一，有 助于将中文的思想地道流畅地传达为英语语言。互译 的实质在于巧妙地借翻译手段促进英语的创作性表 达。 模 仿 在自己写文章时，应有意识地调用以前的积累，正向 迁移，融入自己的写作，包括语言表达、文章章法、 写作技巧等，最终达到学以致用的目的。如果记忆中 有像 “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. ”（不是我爱凯撒浅，而是我爱罗马深。）这样的 经典名句，当写作有关英语学习的文章时不妨模仿这 个句式: Not that we can’t master English, but that we have 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 82 not been willing to take pains. （不是我们不能掌握英 语，而是我们不愿付出努力。） 正如学好书法常要描 红，学好绘画常须描摹，写好文章则需要模仿。Beauty imitated is beauty recreated. （模仿美就是创造美。）赋 予经典的表达以新的内涵，这也是一种创新。模仿他 人目的在于提高自己。模仿与借鉴为写作所必须。总 之，Good writing favors the prepared mind. （好的写作总是照顾那些有准备的人。） 英语写作能力的真正提高有赖于上述概括为十字的 五大策略，望朋友们勤之勉之，将其融入自己的学习 实践，打下坚实的语言基础，真正实现从阅读到写作 的飞跃，达到英语读写能力的完美统一。逐步积累， 有所准备，需要之时就可以手到擒来，应对自如，使 英文写作成为自身的一项技能。 英语议论文的语言特点 由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明文， 因此，它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点，比如：时 态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性； 尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体， 英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式： 1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子 与英语说明文相比，英语议论文不仅需要说明自 己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点，因此， 在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英 语中，常用虚拟语气，让步状语从句和情态动词 can， could，may，might，would，should 等。请看下面两组 有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字： （1）No one should be admitted into（招收进）college without a personal interview（面试）.What can admissions people（招生人员）tell from a piece of paper？They can 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 83 tell nothing.Only when they see a student face to face，can they decide what kind of a person he is. （2）Though admissions people can learn some things from a piece of paper，such as how well a person writes and what he is interested in， there may be many other things that an application （申请表）can not tell but can only be seen in a personal interview.The way a person talks，the way he thinks about and answers questions， the way he reacts（反应）， are all important facts of a person which can not be found on a piece of paper. 两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”，但相比 之下，例（2）用了情态动词，though 引导的让步状语 从句等表达方式，语气较为委婉，更容易为读者所接 受。 2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等 词语结构 英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因 此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词，常 用的包括：since （既然），now that（既然）， therefore （因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此）， hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），because （因为），so（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在 英语议论文中，比如：It follows that…（因而……），If…， we may conclude that…（如果……，我们可以这样下结 论……）， Should it be the case（如果是这样的话……）， Idon't want to…，but…（我并不想……，但是……），If you admit…，then…（如果你承认……，那么……），It is true that…，but…（诚然……，但是……）， Even if…（即 使……）等。 下面这篇学生作文较好地使用了上述这些英语 议论文常用的连接词和过渡词等词语结构，从而使文 章的辩论和推理条理清晰，富有说服力： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 84 Some people say that they will not give up smoking because they have the right to do what they want to do since smoking is not against the law.Yes，it's true that smoking does not violate （违反）the law and therefore they can do as they like，but what is equally true is that they have to be responsible for what they do at the same time. Now I don't want to bring fears to anyone，but here are some statistics（统计数字）I've just got from newspaper：Over seventy percent of the people who died of lung cancer were heavy smokers. More than thirty-five percent deformed（畸形的） babies have smoking mothers. Even if those chain smokers （一支接一支抽烟者）are not afraid for themselves，shouldn't they be afraid for their family members if they have got any？ 英语写作中的修辞 修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。但在大学 英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文 特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而 增添语句亮点。因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对 于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。对于大学英语写作 来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格， 包括结构辞格与语义辞格。对比、排比、重复、倒装 等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。 1.对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句 式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语 往往是必不可少的。如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这 种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的 反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。 1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富 裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 85 Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods， but ragged in spirit.（注：句中 rich in 与 ragged in，goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达： The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.（注： 句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比 的关系和效果。） 3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但 他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达： They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements， but have ignored a more important fact.（注：句中 have noticed 与 have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements 与 a more important fact 具有正反对比的关系和效果。） 4）如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以 这样表达： It will have both negative and positive effects by so doing.（注：句中 negative 与 positive 具有正反对比的 关系和效果） 5）如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与 我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达： We have friends similar to us and friends different from us.（注：句中 similar to 与 different from 具有正反 对比的关系和效果） 2.排比英文中有时也使用排比句式，这种句式整 齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单调。例如，如“读书使 我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达： Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. 3.重复英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶 尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的 重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重 复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。 1）如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言 归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可 以这样表达： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 86 Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部 分为句首的 now it the time to） 2）如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工 作”，可以这样表达： We long for success and we are working hard for success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的 for success.） 3）如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定 会成功”，可以这样表达： I am convinced that we can succeed ， and Iam convinced that we must succeed.（注：and 所连接的两 个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句 首的 I am convinced that 与句尾的 succeed） 4）如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改 革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达： We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.（注：and 之前的句尾与 and 之后的句首重复，重复部分为 a new era.） 4.倒装这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法 结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结 构所限定的，没有自由选择的余地，只要运用需要倒 装结构的句型就要采用倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是 指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它 利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充 满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以 这样表达： Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances. 5.转义转义是一种对词语灵活运 用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉 转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。 1）如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 87 海中萦绕”，英文可为： What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture.（注：此句采用明喻， 明喻的特点是使用了 like 一词） 2）如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英 语辞典”，英文可为： Our English teacher is our best English dictionary. （注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的 相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用 like 一词） 3）如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可 为： I am reading Shakespeare.（注：此句采用换喻，换 喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物 的名称，使用通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事 物都是可以用换喻来表达的） 4）如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为： A hand is needed here.（注：此句采用提喻，提喻 的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用 一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用 hand 一词 代表整个人） 5）如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，英文 可为： A great misfortune crept over the whole city.（注：此 句采用拟人。拟人的特点是将事物人格化） 6）如要表达“这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢”，英文 可为： This is really a great stupid idea.（注：此句采用反 语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味） 7）如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息 我欣喜若狂”，英文可为： I was mad for success and on the news of success I went mad with joy.（注：此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表 现事物的特征故意夸大其词） 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 88 如何进行英语记叙文写作训练 高考记叙文的写作一般要求考生根据试卷中提 供的情景，组织语言材料，编写成文。一般说来，记 叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要 素， 写作时要明白、清楚地给予表达。写人时，要注意介 绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等；叙事时，要写清事情 发生与发展的过程以及事情发生的前因后果等。进行 记 叙文写作训练时，应该注意以下三点： 首先，我们要让学生学习记叙文写作的六要素 ——人物、事件、时间、地点、原因和结果，在记叙 文写作时要把六要素交待清楚。让学生学习、掌握记 叙文的中心和材料的关系，学会从具体的材料中提炼 中心，并根据中心思想的需要选择材料，合理安排情 节。让学生学习记叙文写作的顺序要求，学会正确使 用叙事 的三种方法：顺叙、倒叙和插叙。让学生学 习记叙文写作的详略要求，在写作中能根据中心思想 的需要确定详略，分清主次。让学生学习记叙文写作 的人称知识，学 会运用第一人称和第三人称进行写 作。让学生了解记叙文记人、叙事、写景、状物要准 确、生动、真实的要求，学会运用多种表达方式。 其次，把阅读教学与写作指导结合起来进行训 练。结合记叙文的阅读教学，通过仿写、改写等手段， 使学生的读与写融会贯通。阅读记叙文，重在对记叙 文写法的分析、阐述；学写记叙文，重在对记叙文知 识运用的指导、点拨。 第三，教学生如何确定写作中心。根据这个中心， 思考能够扩展的材料有哪些，要避免写那些与中心内 容无关的细节。围绕中心，列出写作提纲。提纲 一 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 89 定要包含所提供的情景要点，同时要尽量使用自己熟 悉的词语与句型将其扩展成篇。扩展时要注意写作要 求的字数，防止由于字数不够而引起的扣分。 下面从三个方面来分析记叙文的写作训练： (—)叙述的人称： (1)第一人称叙述(First—person narrator)：写作者以 当事人的口气，即第一人称来叙述，把文章中的事情 以“我”的所见所闻来告诉读者，用主观的表现手法， 给读者一种亲切自然的感 觉，如同亲身经历一样， 加强了事件的可信性，直接抒发作者的思想情感，从 而引起读者的共鸣。 (2)第三人称叙述(Third—person narrator)：写作者从 旁观者的角度来叙述事件，以客观的写作方法，能够 充分反映事件中各人的感受及见解，以全知的视角来 叙述。 (二)叙述的内容： 一篇记叙文应注意交代清楚事情的始末及细节， 即何时、何地、何事、何人及何因(when，where，what， who and why／how)，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白。 1．事件：为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷 或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。 2．人物：集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的 事情及人物有什么影响。 3．时态：一般多采用一般过去时。 (三)叙述的方法： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 90 一般叙述的线索可分为以下几种： (1)以时间为线索，按时间的顺序来展开。 (2)以地点为线索，以地点的转移为顺序来展开。 (3)以事件发展的过程为线索，或以人物出现的先 后次序来展开。 (4)以事物的象征意义为线索来展开。 (5)以人物的思想行为及认知的过程为线索来展 开。 总之，英文写作是一个学生综合能力的书面体 现，是一个长期复杂的训练过程。因此，培养学生的 写作能力不是一蹴而就的，而要在平时就从学生的实 际水平出发，有目的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有 反馈地进行，由易至难，循序渐进。只有这样，学生 到高时考才能做到厚积薄发，思如泉涌、下笔如有神。 练习： 1．请将下面对话改写成一篇记叙文。 “Do you believe in life after death?”Jack’s boss asked Jack． “Yes，sir．” “Well，then，that makes everything just fine，” the boss went on. “About an hour after you left yesterday to go to your grandpa’s funeral，he dropped into see you．” 文中应该说明：(1)Jack 向老板请假一天的理由是 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 91 什么? (2)Jack 回来后，老板向他提出什么问题?(3)老板 举出什么事实?(4)当时 Jack 的表情如何? 词数大约 100。 2．请根据下面的提示写一篇词数为 120 左右的记 叙文：(1)昨天你第一次跟着妈妈去你家附近新开设的 市场，你妈妈经常去那里买东西。(2) 市场里人很多， 各类商品随处可见，叫卖声此起彼伏，人们在谈论着 商品和价格。(3)你曾要妈妈买点鲜鱼。虽然到处都在 卖冻鱼，但你们没费什么劲也买到了鲜 鱼。(4)妈妈 还买了一些别的东西。(5)市场上的一切给你留下了深 刻的印象。 2012 高考英语高频答案词 高频考点 必考点 吴军高频答案词一本通 目录： 一、单选完形高频答案词 二、高频句型核心词 三、高频核心短语（以介词和副词为中心） 四、语法考点高频答案词 五、阅读词汇题及完形熟词僻义高频考点 六、吴军 2012 高考英语必考点解密 七、吴军阅读高频答案词及其核心特征 一、2012 高考英语单选、完形高频答案词 A adapt adjust adopt attract apply adopt appeal adapt：指修改或改变以适应新条件 adapt to sth/sb：适应某 物/某人。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 92 You should adapt yourself to the new environment. adjust：是指“调整、调节”使之适应。 You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes fit： 多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”。 The shoes fitted me well. suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等。 No dish suits all taste. match：指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称 与…匹敌 =go with A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers. adopt sb ： 收 养 appeal to = attract 吸 引 apply for 申请 sth ： 采 用 hold /draw one’s attention to 应用 〖2010 安徽〗----How did you like Nick’s performance last night? ----To be honest, his singing didn’t _______to me much A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occur appeal to 意为 “吸引”；belong to 意为 “属于”；refer to 意为 “提到；涉及”；occur to 意为 “突然想到”。 句意为 “她 的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”〖答案〗A 〖2010 江苏〗Thousands of foreigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened. A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached 表示成千上万的外宾被吸引来参加上海的世博会。〖答案〗C 〖2009 浙江〗The good thing about children is that they _______ very easily to new environments. A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply 根据句意, “关于孩子们美好的事情就是孩子们能很容易适应 新的环境”。adapt to“适应”; appeal to“有吸引力, 有感染力； 呼吁；求助于；上诉”等; attach to“粘上, 附上”; apply to“应 用于, 适应于”。 〖答案〗A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 93 〖2008 辽宁〗You have to be a fairly good speaker to listeners’ interest for over an hour. A.hold B.make C.improve D.receive hold one’s interest 使某人保持兴趣。make 制造；做；improve 改善, 提升；receive 接收。〖答案〗A 〖2008 天津〗Her shoes her dress;they look very well together. A.suit B.fit C.compare D.match 句意为：她的鞋和衣服很搭配, 二者搭配看起来很不错。suit 指时间、口味等合乎需要；fit 指大小、尺寸合适；compare 比 较, 对照；match 指颜色、款式等的搭配。〖答案〗D 〖2004 全国Ⅰ〗—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? —That me fine. A.fits B.meets C.satisfies D.suits 这四个词在汉语意思上很接近, fit 一般指衣服等的尺寸对某 人很合适；meet 有 “满足……的要求”之意；satisfy 的意思是 “使……满意”；suit 指样式、场合、方便等, 意思是 “适合…… 的要求”。答语的句意为：这约定正适合我。〖答案〗D 〖2005 上海〗The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores. A.join B.attract C.stick D.transfer 句意为：为了把新的顾客吸引到店内, 公司开始了一场新的广 告战。join 参加；stick 粘, 贴；固定在某处；transfer 转移； 传给。〖答案〗B 〖2012 高考模拟〗My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. adapted adjust 强调, 调节, 使适应; The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身体能自行调节以适应温度的变化。) 本句中 adjust 是不及物动词。I must adjust my watch. It's slow. (我必须调一下我的表。它走得慢了。) [答案] C. adjusted. 〖2010 陕西工大附中模拟〗Though the necklace is not made of real crystal, it still___ young people. A. appeals to B. attracts to C. accounts for D. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 94 apply for 考查动词短语的含义及语境。Appeal to 投合所好；attract to 吸引； account for 说明；apply for 应用。[答案] A 〖2012 高考押题〗The people who are out of work should ______ themselves to the new situation quickly. A. fit B. match C. suit D. adapt D 〖2012 高考押题〗—Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? —No, dear. They don’t ________ well. Put them in the fridge instead. A. keep B. fit C. get D. last A 〖2012 高考押题〗Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does___his boss. A. serves B. satisfies C. promises D. supports B 〖2012 高考押题〗—Will $200 ________ ? —I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars. A. count B. satisfy C. fit D. do D 〖2012 高考押题〗Ladies and gentlemen, may I ___ your attention to me？I have an important announcement to make. A. draw B. attract C. pull D. drag A a/an a variety of… 多种多样的 an average of …平均 a distance of 距离 a lack of 缺乏 in the absence of 缺少 a waste of 浪费 a wide range of 各种各样的= a variety of = different =various 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 95 a gang of 一伙 a matter of ….的问题 affair 意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事； 复数 affairs 一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、 外交事务等。 business 作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所 指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。 It’s none of your business.与你无关! 〖2010 湖北〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. A. division B. area C. range D. circle “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各 种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典 型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定 语从句。答案 C 〖2010 江西〗Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year. A average B number C amount D quantity a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年 增加的意思。〖答案〗A 〖2003 上海春〗More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great of goods. A.variety B.mixture C.extension D.combination “a great variety of”意为 “品种繁多的”。 〖答案〗A 〖2001 上海〗In the botanic garden we can find a(n)______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. A.species B.group C.amount D.variety 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 96 a variety of “多种多样的”。 〖答案〗D 〖2004 全国Ⅲ〗The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles. A.length B.distance C.way D.sp ace length 长度；distance 距离；way 道路；space 空间, 太空。 根据句子的意思, 答案选 B 项, 指离那儿 60 英里远的地方。〖答 案〗B 〖2007 辽宁〗Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a____of exercise. A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand a lack of 缺乏。句意为：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少 锻炼密切相关。〖答案〗B 〖2012 高考押题〗In the of proof , the police could not take action against the man . A．lack B．shortage C ． absence D．failure shortage 缺乏, 无此搭配。"In the developed countries, there's a great shortage of labour / work force." 发达国 家劳动力非常缺乏。〖答案〗C. in the absence of 缺少 〖2009 山东〗-------He says that my new car is a ______ of money. -------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste lack 缺乏；load 负担；question 疑问；waste 浪费；根据句 意, 尤其是下句的 sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选 D。 〖2012 高考押题〗My knowledge of Hong Kong came only from some movies: a______ of criminals are pursued by the police in the narrow streets and then they have a fight. A. group B. team C. class D. gang A“组”；B“队”；C“种类，等级”。 〖答案〗 D“一伙”。 〖2007 山东〗I can’t say which wine is best – it’s a(n) _____ of personal taste. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 97 A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety a matter of 意为 “关于……的问题”, a matter of principle 原则问题；a matter of opinion 仁者见仁, 智者见智。A 项意 为 “政治事务, 私人业务”；B 项意为 “重要事情、大事”；D 项 意为 “不同种类”。a matter of ….是固定搭配。〖答案〗C be able to do 能够……、有能力……= be capable of / have the ability(能力)to do sth.有能力做某事 be about to do ...when 就要做某事时，突然…… / be about to do...when 时态问题及如何解题 when 在这里的用法很特别， 它是并列连词=and then——这一点很重要！记住规律：was/were about to do...when sth. did...= ...was//were on the point of doing...when sth. did... be absent from 不在、缺席 / 拓展:absent 是形容词, 反义词 组 be present at be absorbed in 沉迷于……、迷恋于…… be active in 在……活跃 / be active in sth/doing sth be admitted into 被......录取 / 拓展: be admitted to 加 入，被接纳，admitted into v. 许可进入(进入)，be admitted in audience 被接见 be afraid of doing 担心某事会发生 / 拓展:be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某人(物)，be afraid that… 恐怕……， be afraid to do 不敢去做,I'm afraid not.(=I don't think so.) 口语中常用。 be after sth./sb. 找，追赶…… / go after 设法得到, take after 长得像。 be along with 和……一起 / get along with①进展, 走开, 别 胡扯 ②.在...方面有进展,进行③友好相处,和睦相处,取得进 展;get on well with 与...相处的好 . be an expert on/in/at sth. 在……是专家 be angry at sth. 因某事而生气 / be angry with sb. 生 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 98 某人的气 be anxious about 为...而焦虑= be worried about / be anxious for =be eager for 渴望 be ashamed of / to do sth 感到羞耻、惭愧 =be shy be (un) aware of (to do) sth. 意识到 =realize, notice 倾 向于主动去注意 be away from 离……远 / be out of 是没有,在...之外的意 思 / be far from:除了表示距离的远离之外，还有远远不，完 全不；决非之意，后接名词，动名词或形容词。如，He is far from a fool.他一点也不傻，这里的 be far from 为第二种意思。 〖2012 高考押题〗Judith lay on the small sofa, ________in her book. A. being absorbed B. absorbed C. to absorb D. absorb 朱迪思网在沙发上专心致志地看书.上面的句子 absorbed 前 面省略了主语 Judith，可以把它分为 2 个分句：Judith lay on the small sofa and Judith was absorbed in her book. 这 样就看明白。答案：B 〖2012 高考押题〗You should be ______ what you have done. A. ashamed of B. ashamed to C.ashamed D. ashamed at 你应为自己所做的事感到羞愧。be ashamed of 固定搭配，be ashamed to do；C，D 选项没有此搭配。答案：A 〖2009 全国卷 II〗If you leave the club, you will not be back in . A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved 如果你离开俱乐部，你将不被允许返回。考查实义动词之间的区别(receive 收到, admit 允许, turn 使转动以及 move 移动。) ,答案:B. 〖2012 高考押题〗What they be_________ is profit A.for B. at C. after D. against 他们所追求的是利润。be for 支持，赞同，be after 追求，be against 反对。be at 忙于，专注于, 答案：C. 〖2012 高考押题〗I wish to _________ you all night. A.be along with B. get on well with C. get along with D. along with 我希望整夜都与你在一起. be along with 和……一起，get on well with 和 get along with 与...相处；along with 是介词短语，不能直接放在不定式“to”的后面。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 99 答案：A. 〖2007 全国卷〗The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 尽管大火蔓延的很快，但是所有人都逃出来了.示成功地做了某事时，只能用 was/were able to， 不能用 could。答案: D. 〖2012 高考押题〗He's very________ about the results of the examinations. A.anger B. eager C. anxious D. worry 他很担心考试的结果。be angry about:因什么事情感到生气, 而没有 be anger about 搭配， be eager for 盼望，渴求；be worried about 为……担心;e anxious about /for 为...而焦虑, 答案：C. 〖2012 高考押题〗I was about to do my homework ________my father came in. A. as B. while C. when D. Once 我刚要做我的家庭作业，我爸爸进来了。be about to do ...when 就要做某事时， 突然……，是固定搭配。答案：C. 〖2012 高考押题〗He________ turn on the light . A. will B. is about to C. is to do D. is going to 他就要把灯打开。此题无时间状语，只有 be about to 后可不跟时间状语。.答案： B. 〖2012 高考押题〗I do not profess to be_________ on that subject . A. professional B. an expert C. specialist D. master professional 另有职业的意思，是指专业人员，专门从事某 行业的人，而这个人在这个行业里，并不一定是专家高手。master 比 expert 更 专业，更专。总的来说，professional 有些区别， specialist 和 Expert 没有很大的区别。 A.C.D.前应加不定冠 词。答案：B 唤起迅捷激情 震撼学子心灵 2012 高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案 透过已知信息 推断未知信息 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 100 不易策略，扫描选项，在万变中找到不变的规律！ 简易策略，瞻前顾后，化繁为简，化难为易！ 变易策略，左顾右盼，以变制变，熟能生巧！ 首尾段首尾句,边做边看选项中与中心同现词或复现词! 扫描选项 同义词 / 同类词排除 高频答案词 相反项有解 同现 思路 瞻前顾后 复现 逻辑结构 左顾右盼 P 原则 关联结构 技巧归纳: 感情色彩 时态暗示法 动词综合法(主语/宾语是人 是物? 及不及物?过程还是结果?......), ...... (略) 共 20 多项法则,交叉都指向同一个答案才最准确! 满 分 策 略 : 五 四 运 动 法 串 线 交 叉 法 主 线 贯 穿 法, ......(略) 节选教案试看! 瞻前顾后 同现 复现 逻辑结构 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 101 同现 中心同现是指段落的首段的中心词或段落中反复出现的名 词或名词词组,在被选空格内的句子中也重复出现或与其意思倾 斜向;词汇同现是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇 在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中 词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。 首段首句一般都是中心句,名词是核对重点! ◆Then , mountain --- climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly ___28____ about getting to the ___29____ of a high mountain: a struggle against nature is finer than a battle ___30____other human begins. And then , when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult ____31____, what a ___32____ reward ( 奖品 ) it is to be able to look ___33___ on everything within ___34____! At such time , you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down ___35___. 与首尾句名词 动词 形容词 副词倾向! 28.A.excited B. interested C.dangerous D.terrible 32.A.surprising B.excited C.disappointing D.astonishing ◆ Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lauren was giving her ___1___ concert. She had been waiting for this __2__ for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her ___3___ is.” The song made her ___4___ to the days when she was Lauren’s ___5___. As a young ___6___, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied ___7___ in France, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine ___8___ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be ___9___ to study hard and work for many years. 3. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 102 7. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance 8. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer K 抓住中心意思-----围绕什么话题 (在文章中出现频率最 多的词) ◆Every Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall ( 演讲厅 ) but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class discussing two or there of the ___1___, many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. The professor begins by selecting one ___2___ of art. After giving us a quick background on the artist , he will open up for class ___3___. 1. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures 仅有技巧和词汇是不够的,高频答案词及短语,是突破的关键!但相当多的具 体情况和难以处理的选项,做起来还是有些吃力,怎么办? 吴军老师刚刚出炉的 2012 高考英语完形暗示点全归纳将使您傲视群雄! 宾语从句是特殊疑问句 WH-或 whether/if 时,要选下列动词: ask, doubt, wonder, want to know, know, guess 答题选动词: 〖2011·全国新课标卷〗The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 answer, and went on saying, “You have just 41 an important lesson about science. 38. A．count B. guess C. report D. watch 考察动词，或根据后文 wildly wrong guesses 的提示，考 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 103 虑复现选 B。 反过来选 WH-或 whether/if: 〖2011·安徽卷〗One afternoon. I walked into a building to ask 41 there were any job opportunities(机会)，The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that 42 . 41. A. why B. wherever C. whether D. whenever 一天，作者走进一座大楼去问“是否”(whether)有自己能做 的工作。选 C。A 项为“为什么”；B 项为“无论在那”；D 项为“无 论何时” 怎么样?这样做题快吗? 为了让您更加深信不疑,我们再免费发布一个法则,你可以马上用下列真题 或你学校的模拟练习题来验证一下,好使,就要赶紧预定呦!每省仅限定 10 套,额 满即!止 正面的,积极的,肯定的, 还是负面的,消极的,否定的? ◆ “I’m sorry, but we have enough 27 for the newspaper already. Come back next year and we’ll talk then.” Jenna smiled 28 and left. “Why is high school so 29 ?” she sighed. 叹气 sighed 说明是 勉强的,选消极的 weakly 28. A. widely B. weakly C. excitedly D. brightly ◆Tired and sad,she told her story 38 ,not to anyone in particular. 38.A.tearfully B.seriously C.carefully D.calmly ◆It seems funny that we are _40_ for things, with which we are unfamiliar or about which we are _41_, but we all, my friends as well as I, consider this one of life’s 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 104 _42_ . 41. A. uncertain B. unhappy C. not pleased D. careful 〖2011·四川卷〗I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as a happy wife and businesswoman. When Mum 21 in October 2007, I was a cook.. In December that year. while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me 22 . I was distraught（忧心如焚的）.Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day. “could probably have made a fortune 24 he necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. 22.A. burned B. disappeared C . broke D. dropped 22 空就近 distraught（忧心如焚的）是负的,只有 disappear 是负的；burn 燃烧；break 打破；drop 降低，落下。有后文的 我感到“忧心如焚”及“归还”（return）可知此处是指项链丢失了。 B 〖2011·安徽卷〗Nearly ten minutes later, he 45, He asked me about my plans and encouraged me to stay 46 . Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak to 47 a job. 积极 的! I was a little surprised. but had a 48 feeling about him. Along the way ,I realized that I had 49 resumes(简 历). Seeing this, the man 50 at his business partner’s office to make me fifteen 51 copies. He also gave me some 52 on dressing and speaking. I handed out my resumes and went home feeling very 53 . The following day, I received a 54 from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job. 46. A. silent B. busy C. positive D. comfortable 他问了问我的打算，鼓励我要振作起来，不要灰心。选 C。 A 项为“沉默不语的”；B 项为“忙绿的”；C 项为“积极乐观的，有 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 105 信心的”；D 项为“舒适的，舒服的”。 48. A. dull B. good C. guilty D. general 作者对他的主动帮助感到有点惊奇，但是对他充满了“好感” (good feeling)。选 B。A 项为“阴暗的，无趣的”；C 项为“内疚 的”；D 项为“一般的，普通的”。 53. A. lonely B. funny C. disappointed D. satisfied 我分发完简历回到家感到非常“满意”(satisfied)。选 D。A 项为“寂寞的，孤独的”；B 项为“滑稽的，可笑的”；C 项为“失望 的，沮丧的”。 〖2011·四川卷〗Some days later, I was 23 that a guy who was working with us that day. “could probably have made a fortune 24 the necklace he found.” 25 , he returned it. Hearing how I’d 26 Mum for six months before her death, he said, “Christmas is going to be 27 —why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks? 27.A.long B. hard C. merry D. free death.在 27 空附近是负的,B 项对应。在万家团圆的圣诞节， 母亲刚去世，对我来说一定很难熬。B 吴军英语高分密码真的有这么神奇吗？是！一点儿没错！效 果是绝对的真实！作为一种标准化考试，选择题本身是有很多缺 陷的,这些缺陷就是暗示点，就是解题的突破口!吴军英语高分密 码通过对历年真题的长时间的研究，对这些暗示点进行了全面、 深入、细致的挖掘和整理,将其转化为超级解题秘诀! 每一个秘诀的准确率都在 95%以上，甚至是 100% 吴军英语 高分密码,真正做到了立竿见影！甚至是一剑封喉！马上用吴军 英语高分密码对照历年所有的高考真题进行逐一的验证吧! 遇 到吴军老师，您太幸运了！ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 106 请上 www.sypeterwu.com 或上百度,输入"沈阳高分英语家教吴 军"查询! 现在预定吴军 2012 高考英语高分秘诀系统教案 巨划算！ 2012 高考英语完形圣经秘诀教案 原价 3200 元 现 5 折 1600 元 2012 高考英语 3 天提分秘诀教案 原价 6000 元 现 6 折 3600 元 2012 高考英语高频答案词汇教案 原价 5000 元 现 5 折 2500 元 2012 年 4 月初恢复原价！ “值”言不讳 “笑”益无穷 我们是高考高分英语的实践者； 我们是高考快速提分的挑战者； 迎接 2012 高考，我们信心十足！ 我们是一群眼界开阔的国际人！ 加油，Come on! 情人的眼：十本金牌教案 =火箭式提分！(好喜欢!) 冬天的梅花，非常耀眼.其实，梅花开的并不艳丽，只是因为你喜欢她，所 以才心明眼亮.如果到了百花盛开的春天，你能身在花丛眼不花，还能看到淡淡 素素的梅花吗？ 高考英语也经常遇到这种情景，有时已知条件非常之多，提供的信息诱惑 也非常之泛.此时，你能“情有独钟”地筛选出你需要的她吗？ 诗人的心：洞穿作者、命题人思维轨迹！(高考漏题啦?!) 七品芝麻官，说的是这个官很小，就是芝麻那么小的一点. 《阿里巴巴》用 “芝麻开门”，讲的是“以小见大”. 就是那点芝麻，竟把那个庞然大门给“点” 开了. 以点成线、以点带面、两线交点、三线共点、还有顶点、焦点、极限点 等等，足以说明“点”的重要性. 要有诗人般的细心和灵感,发现这些隐藏起来 的点! 英雄的胆：敢于呐喊，考试有捷径！(为时不晚!) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 107 西餐宴上，摆着漂亮的什锦比萨. 众人虽然都在称好，但没有一人动手. 原 来这东西罩在一个透明的“玻璃盒”里，不知从哪儿打开，大家只好故作谦让， 互相叫“请”. 一小孩不顾礼节，拿着餐刀往“盒”上直戳，七戳，八戳，戳到了“玻璃盒” 的花纹处，此时盒子竟像莲花一样自动地启开了. 大家惊喜，夸这孩子有见识. 其实，这孩子的成功在他的“敢于一试”，在试试中碰到了盒子的入口. 高考英语何尝没遇上这种情境？我们有时苦心焦虑地寻找破题的入口，其 实，自己此时正站在入题的大门口前，只是不敢动手一试.吴军和张勇强老师不 过是在日以继夜的研究教学过程中,发现了迅捷提分和满分密码的入口,进入后, 不断的深入而已! 侠客的剑: 推助满分的力量! (棒极了!) 关羽不同于诸葛. 诸葛是智星，靠着扇子；关羽是武士，用的大刀. “过 关斩将”用这大刀，“水淹七军”用这大刀. 关羽的“切瓜分片”是什么意思？ 切者，七刀也，分者，八刀也！再难的高考英语完形和阅读题，经过这七刀、 八刀，最后不就粉碎了吗！强军高考英语暗示点全归纳,高频答案词一本通,阅 读矩阵法则，完型胜经等 7 刀 8 剑将助您“过关斩将”！ 速度比完美更重要 思路比题海要有效 2012 高考英语阅读思维重现法则 强军英语满分体系主编:张勇强 无线索 1、题干无线索的推理 2、判断题 题干 答案 选项 主旨靠 定位 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 108 有线索 精确线索 模糊线索 用不同的词、 不同的结构表达但和原文一样的内容 （数字、大写、专名、显性逻辑关系） 1 全文反复重复的内容 2 题干与原文貌离神合 题干 定位 原则 与主 旨靠 3 使用原文的近义结构 1 数字、大写、专名 原文找意思一样的内容 主-- -被 人---物 2 逻 辑 关 系 因 果 选 项 定 位 真---虚 陈述---倒装 手 段 目 的 4 使用原文、原词、原结构 条 件 事 实 5 使用原文的反说 3 成 分 定 位 6 使 用 原 文 的 上 义 词 、 下 义 词 、 同 一 范 畴 词 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 109 4 主 旨 靠 7 使用原文的总结归纳 5 找 意 思 一 致 内 容 8 使用原文的分说例证 大忌：（只定位个别词、忽视题干、逻辑、成分） 张勇强阅读选项对比 36 计(部分节选) 1 内容相似 都排除 目前，高考英语选择题只能选取一个正确答案！ 54. It can be inferred from the passage that___. A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people A=B C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease 2 内容相反 取其一 有一大汉，想进某屋. 门上并未加锁，但他久推不开，弄得 满头大汗. 后面传来一位小姐轻轻的声音：“先生别推，请向后拉！” 大汉真的向后一拉，果然门就轻轻地开了. 大汉奇怪地问： “这门上并没有写拉字，你怎么知道是拉门的呢？” 小姐答：“因为我看到你推了半天，门还不动，那就只有拉 了！” 41.We can learn from the text that__________. A. email is less popular than the fax service B. the postal service has over the years become faster B>