江苏省淮安市2020届高三下学期5月调研英语试题 Word版含解析 33页

- 1 - 2019-2020 学年度高三五月调研卷 英语试题 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题、每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 请认真阅读下面各题，从慰中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项签题卡上将该项 涂黑。 1.You could get into a situation_________you have to decide immediately. A. what B. which C. where D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你很容易进入到这样一种情况中，在那种情况下，你需要快 速地进行决定。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 situation 是抽象地点名词，应用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。故选 C。 【点睛】situation 后接 where 定语从句的用法与考题 名词 situation 后有时可接 where 引导的定语从句，where 大致相当于 in which。如： He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷 入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危 险境地。 2.He_________himself advanced English all by himself by the time he turned 18. A. taught B. had taught C. has taught D. would teach 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在 18 岁之前已经自学高级英语课程。根据后文 by the time 可知应用完成时态，且“自学”发生在“turned”之前，即“过去的过去”故用过去完成时。 故选 B。 3.I can still remember my childhood life,_________it was so long ago. A. if only B. as though C. even though D. in case - 2 - 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：即使我的童年生活早就离我远去，但我还是能依稀记得那 段时光。A. if only 但愿 ；B. as though 好像；C. even though 即使；D. in case 以防万 一。根据句意，此处为让步状语从句，表示“即使”应用 even though 引导。故选 C。 【点睛】英语让步状语从句用法归纳 1. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不论……还是)等连词。如： I can’t find my pen though I’ve looked everywhere. 我到处找那支钢笔,可就是找不 到。 He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上 学，他还是说服她去。 2. as 也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前，若提前的是单数 可数名词，要省略 a / an。如： Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。 3. 连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如： While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。 4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如： We shall defend our city, whatever the cost may be. 不管代价如何,我们要捍卫我们的 城市。 The business would be a success, whoever owned it. 不论什么人经营，这生意都会成功。 However hot it is, he will not take off his coat. 无论多热, 他也不会脱掉外衣。 4.It has rained cats and dogs for days.I hope it will___________next week. A. step up B. make up C. take up D. clear up 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最近连着下了好几天雨，我真希望下周天气能放晴啊。A. step up 加紧速度，提高，走进；B. make up 化妆，弥补，编造；C. take up 拿起，开始从 事；D. clear up 天气放晴，清理打扫。承接上文 It has rained cats and dogs for days. 可知是希望下周天气放晴。故选 D。 - 3 - 5.There can be no doubt____________teachers love hardworking students. A. where B. that C. which D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：毫无疑问老师都喜欢用功的学生。固定句型 There is no doubt that…表示“毫无疑问……”，that 后面的内容就是毫无疑问的事实。故选 B。 6.The company is making a long-term__________to breaking into the American market. A. complaint B. comment C. commitment D. contribution 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。A. complaint 抱怨； B. comment 评价；C. commitment 致力于，投入；D. contribution 贡献，捐赠。结合后文 to breaking into the American market 可知该公司正长期致力于打入美国市场。故选 C。 7.Bob often works but in the gym,so it is no wonder that he is____________. A. in control B. in panic C. in shape D. in effect 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：Bob 经常在健身房运动，难怪他身材那么好呢。A. in control 控制；B. in panic 恐惧；C. in shape 身材保持的好；D. in effect 实际上，生效。结合上 文 Bob often works but in the gym 可知是指 Bob 的身材好。故选 C。 8.-Do you still want to become a professional footballer? -That ambition has never died. I'm still as__________ and determined to make it. A. elegant B. embarrassed C. explicit D. enthusiastic 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——你还想成为一个职业的足球运动员吗？——我这 个梦想从未破灭过。我仍一如既往地对足球怀有热情，并决心实现成为运动员的梦想。A. elegant 优雅的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. explicit 详尽的；D. enthusiastic 热情的， - 4 - 兴奋的。根据上文 That ambition has never died.可知我仍然对足球怀有热情。故选 D。 9.I was about to give up halfway when my teacher____________ to encourage me to carry on. A. has come B. comes C. was coming D. came 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：正当我打算半路放弃时，我的老师来到了我的身边给我鼓励， 鼓励我继续前行，永不放弃。前半句 was about to 表示过去将来时，when 后面从句也需要 用一般过去时，故用 came，故选 D。 10.Helen borrowed my book the other day, promising__________it soon. A. to return B. returned C. returning D. having returned 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Helen 在几天前借了我的书，答应我会马上还给我。后半句 作非谓语，考查短语 promise to do sth.表示“承诺做某事”，后跟不定式作宾语。故选 A。 11.-I had butterflies in my stomach before I gave that talk. -I__________nervous too if I had been in you shoes. A. was B. would be C. had been D. would have been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我在演讲前心里一直忐忑不安。——如果当时我是你的 话，我也会很紧张的。根据后文 had been 可知此处表示对过去的虚拟，从句用 had been， 主句用 would have done sth，故选 D。 【点睛】if 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设 had done would/could/might/should have done - 5 - 与现在事实相反的假设 过去时(was→were) would/could/might/should do 与将来事实相反的假设 过去时 (was→were ) ; should do; were to do would/could/might/should do 有时假设的情况并不是以 if 引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语 气的存在，常用的词语有 with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但 是可以转化成 if 引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知，本句可以转化成是 if 引导的虚拟条件 句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为：If I had not had your recommendation ,主句 为：I would have missed it。故 D 选项正确。 12.I looked around at the large and beautiful homes, with my mind_______with a question:Wouldn't I feel better about myself if I lived here? A. racing B. being raced C. to be raced D. raced 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我环顾四周，看了看这又大又美丽的房子，不停地追问自 己这样一个问题——如果我住在这儿，自己会感觉更好一些吗？此处为 with 的复合结构，且 mind 与 race 构成主动关系，故用动词-ing 形式。故选 A。 【点睛】with 复合结构的构成 它是由介词 with 或 without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词 with 或 without 的复合宾语， 复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、 动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。with 结构构成方式如下： 1. with 或 without-名词/代词+形容词 2. with 或 without-名词/代词+副词 3. with 或 without-名词/代词+介词短语 4. with 或 without-名词/代词 +动词不定式 5. with 或 without-名词/代词 +分词 - 6 - 13.According to a plan, Hainan___________into a tourism and consumption destination with global influence by 2035. A. will build B. will have been builtC. are built D. have been built 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：根据计划，海南将要在 2035 年之前被建造成一个具有 国际影响力的旅游和消费景点。根据后文 By 2035 可知表示在未来的某一时刻已经完成，要 用将来完成时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态。故选 B。 14.His work has received only a tiny mention in the newspaper; actually he__________more attention. A. reserves B. deserves C. observes D. preserves 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的作品在报纸上关注度不高；事实上，他应该值得更 多的关注啊。A. reserves 预定；B. deserves 值得；C. observes 观察；D. preserves 保存。 结合后文 more attention 可知此处表示“值得”更多的关注应用动词 deserve。故选 B。 【点睛】deserve 用法归纳 deserve 是一个动词，意思是“应得；应受；值得”。 掌握 deserve 的使用方法，需要掌握的是： 1、它做为及物动词(vt.)或不及物动词（vi.）的使用方法。 我们知道及物动词就是后面可以直接加宾语的词，比如说: eat apple, drink water 不及物动词就不能直接加宾语,需要一个小介词的，比如: look at the picture, listen to me 1）deserve sth，deserve 后接名词或代词，通常只用作及物动词，且不能用于进行时态。如： You're very able. You deserve a better job. 你很有能力，应该有一份更好的工作。 It's your money. You deserve it. 这钱归你，你该拿这个钱。 He has deserved well of his country. 他无愧于祖国。 Do you think I deserve this? 你认为这是我应得的吗? - 7 - 注意：deserve sth = be deserving of sth，如： His brave act deserves praise. = His brave act is deserving of praise.他的英勇行 为值得称赞。 2）deserve to do sth.，deserve 后接不定式，若该动词表示主动意义，则用不定式的主动 式；若该动词表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式。如： Those who work deserve to eat. 劳动者该得食。 He deserves to be criticized. 他应当受到批评。 2、主动语态和被动语态的使用方法。 1) 前面说的 deserve sth/ be deserving of sth/deserve to do sth 都是主动态。 2) deserve doing=deserve to be done 主动表被动 He deserved to be punished.=He deserved punishing.他应该受到惩罚。 He deserved being recommended for a decoration.他有资格得到提名受勋。 综合前面两点，deserve 后面倒底是接 to do sth 还是 doing 或 to bo done.就要看看句子是 主达主动还是被动，是当及物动词用还是不及物动词用。另外 deserve 含有褒义和贬义，褒 义的意思是（因某种努力、身份、天赋）应得的，贬义的意思是（因某种恶行、罪过）应受 的，这要看联系上下文取其意。 15.-I think you'd better clean your room. -_________It's clean enough. A. What for? B. So what? C. You said it. D. You made it. 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我认为你最好要打扫一下你的房间了。——为什么？我 觉得已经够干净的了。A. What for?为什么？B. So what?那又如何？C. You said it.你说 的对；D. You made it.你成功了！根据后文 It's clean enough.可知对方不知道为什么要打 扫房间。故选 A。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 Superstar Pink joined a lot of celebrities(名人) and world leaders who were - 8 - infected with COVID-19(新冠肺炎).Two weeks ago, she and three-year-old son Jameson ___16___symptoms of the disease After___17___with healthcare professionals, the two were able to___18___a test Pink tested positive for coronavirus(冠状病毒). She___19___their experiences online, stating “Just a few days ago, we were re-tested and are now___20___negative.” Pink added that she was___21___a huge amount to two different COVID-19 emergency funds(基金会). Various stars have also tried to encourage people to take extra ___22___against COVID-19. “It is not wise of our government not to make testing more widely accessible,” Pink said. “This illness is ___23___and real. People need to know that the illness ___24___the young and old, healthy and unhealthy, rich and poor, and we must make testing free to ____25____our children, our families, our friends and our communities.” Testing for coronavirus is a major ____26____ across the world. The WHO____27____urges World governments to conduct mass testing to____28____COVID-19,along with contact tracing, Widespread disinfection, lockdown and quarantine measures, social distancing, and hand hygiene. Previous to Pink, a number of other celebrities have tested____29____for the virus. Various world leaders have been infected____30____including the British Prime Minister. Pink expressed her ____31____for the people working on the front lines. Thank you to all of our healthcare professionals and everyone in the world who are working so hard to protect our loved ones. “You are our____32____!” she wrote, she also urged the____33____of the population to do their part to ____34____ the spread of the disease. So ____35____ man is facing a dark time right now, there's one thing for sure that he is going to win this wan against COVID-19 in the end! 16. A. improved B. showed C. described D. reported. 17. A. consulting B. quarreling C. dealing D. agreeing 18. A. refuse B. give C. mark D. get - 9 - 19. A. posed B. mailed C. typed. D. gained 20. A. equally B. unfortunately C. thankfully D. merely 21. A. donating B. lending C. loaning D. paying 22. A. pictures B. notes C. trips D. measures 23. A. common B. serious C. genetic D. mild 24. A. kills B. punishes C. affects D. ruins 25. A. cure B. protect C. treat D. love 26. A. concern B. phenomenon C. symptom D. illness 27. A. hesitantly B. gradually C. strongly D. quickly 28. A. discourage B. encourage C. catch D. battle 29. A. active B. positive C. negative D. passive 30. A. as much B. as far C. as well D. as good 31. A. love B. hatred C. pity D. gratitude 32. A. heroes B. enemies C. doctors D. workers 33. A. half` B. minority C. majority D. growth 34. A. reduce B. prevent C. keep D. slow 35. A. as B. once C. because D. although 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了明星 Pink 患新冠肺炎的过程以及她的感悟。她认为政 府不让更多人接受检测是不明智的，指出我们必须免费检测，以保护我们的孩子，我们的家 人，我们的朋友和我们的社区。Pink 还表达了她对前线工作人员的感激之情，敦促大多数人 尽自己的一份力量来阻止疾病的传播。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两周前，她和三岁的儿子 Jameson 显示出了这种疾病的症状。A. improved 改善；B. showed 显示，展示；C. described 描述；D. reported 报告。根据第一 - 10 - 句可知 Pink 感染了新冠肺炎，因此这里指两周前她显示出了这种病的症状，故选 B。 【17 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在咨询了医疗专业人士后，两人接受了检测。A. consulting 咨询； B. quarreling 争吵；C. dealing 处理；D. agreeing 同意。healthcare professionals 是 医护人员的意思，根据后面他们做了检测可知，这里是在和医护人员咨询后，短语 consult with sb 表示“向某人咨询、请教”。 故选 A。 【18 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在咨询了医疗专业人士后，两人接受了检测。A. refuse 拒绝；B. give 给予；C. mark 标志；D. get 接受。根据后面的检测为阳性可知，这里是他们接受了测 试，因此选 get。故选 D。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在网上分享了他们的经历，并写道:“就在几天前，我们再次接 受了测试，谢天谢地现在的结果是阴性的。”A. posed 发帖；B. mailed 邮寄；C. typed 打 字；D. gained 获得。根据后文 their experiences online 可知 Pink 在网上发布了自己的 经历，故选 A。 【20 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她在网上分享了他们的经历，并写道:“就在几天前，我们再次接 受了测试，谢天谢地现在的结果是阴性的。”A. equally 同样地；B. unfortunately 不幸地； C. thankfully 感谢地；D. merely 仅仅。根据前面呈阳性，现在是阴性可知，这里要填一个 褒义词，Pink 应该是对此觉得感恩，因此选 thankfully。故选 C。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pink 补充说，她向两个不同的 COVID-19 紧急基金捐赠了一大笔钱。 A. donating 捐款；B. lending 出借；C. loaning 贷款；D. paying 支付。根据后文 a huge amount to two different COVID-19 emergency funds 加上 Pink 是一个超级巨星，可知是她捐了一 大笔钱给 COVID-19 紧急基金会。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多明星也在努力鼓励人们采取更多的措施来抵抗新冠病毒。A. pictures 照片；B. notes 笔记；C. trips 旅行；D. measures 措施。根据前面 Pink 捐款， 以及这里的 also 和 against COVID-19 可知，是说很多明星也鼓励人们采取更多的措施来 抵抗新冠病毒。短语 take measures 表示“采取措施”。故选 D。 - 11 - 【23 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种病是很严重和真实存在的。A. common 普通的；B. serious 严重的；C. genetic 遗传的；D. mild 温和的。Pink 前一句说政府不进行大量检测是不明智 的，并且所填的词和 real 并列，因此她要说的是这个病是真实存在的，很严重的。故选 B。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们需要知道疾病影响着年轻人和老年人，健康的和不健康的， 富裕的和贫穷的，我们必须让测试免费来保护我们的孩子，我们的家庭，我们的朋友和我们 的社区。A. kills 杀死；B. punishes 惩罚；C. affects 感染；D. ruins 毁灭。根据空后面 的宾语是老少，健康或不健康的人，穷人富人可知，且主语是新冠肺炎可知，这里是说这个 病会感染各种人。故选 C。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们需要知道疾病影响着年轻人和老年人，健康的和不健康的， 富裕的和贫穷的，我们必须让测试免费来保护我们的孩子，我们的家庭，我们的朋友和我们 的社区。A. cure 治愈；B. protect 保护；C. treat 治疗；D. love 爱。根据后文 our children, our families, our friends and our communities.可知因此是我们必须免费测试来保护我 们的孩子，我们的家庭，我们的朋友和我们的社区。故选 B。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：检测冠状病毒是全世界关心的一个主要问题。A. concern 关心；B. phenomenon 现象；C. symptom 症状；D. illness 疾病。结合后文 across the world 可知检 测新冠病毒是一个全世界主要关心的事。故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织迅速敦促世界各国政府对新冠肺炎进行大规模检测，并 追踪冠状病毒。A. hesitantly 犹豫地；B. gradually 逐渐地；C. strongly 强烈地；D. quickly 快速地。所填空修饰谓语动词 urges，且 urge 这个词本身就表示了强烈的要求，所以不选 strongly，而应该用 quickly，表示世卫组织快速地敦促各国政府对新冠肺炎进行大规模检测， 并追踪接触者。故选 D。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：世卫组织迅速敦促世界各国政府对新冠肺炎进行大规模检测，并 追踪冠状病毒。A. discourage 阻止；B. encourage 鼓励；C. catch 追踪，抓住；D. battle 斗争。所填空的宾语是 COVID-19，可知此处指做大量测试来追踪冠状病毒。故选 C。 - 12 - 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在 Pink 之前，其他一些名人也曾对该病毒检测呈阳性。A. active 活跃的；B. positive 阳性的；C. negative 否定的；D. passive 消极的。根据前面 Pink 确 诊了可知，这里是在 Pink 之前，很多其他名人也检测呈阳性，positive 的熟词僻义，在医 学实验等检测中，表示阳性。故选 B。 【30 题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：包括英国首相在内的世界各国领导人也受到了感染。A. as much 也， 同样多的；B. as far 一样远；C. as well 也；D. as good 一样好。前面是名人确诊，而这 里是领导人也确诊感染了，因此填 as well，表“也”。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pink 表达了她对前线工作人员的感激之情。A. love 爱；B. hatred 憎恨；C. pity 遗憾；D. gratitude 感谢。根据后文 Thank you to all of our healthcare professionals and everyone in the world who are working so hard to protect our loved ones.可知，这里 Pink 表达了对一线工作人员的感谢。故选 D。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你们是我们的英雄！”她写道，她还敦促大多数人尽自己的一 份力量来阻止疾病的传播。A. heroes 英雄；B. enemies 敌人；C. doctors 医生；D. workers 工人。You 指前线工作人员，而且前面 Pink 在表达感谢，因此这里是将医护人员称为“英 雄”最符合语境。故选 A。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你们是我们的英雄！”她写道，她还敦促大多数人尽自己的一 份力量来阻止疾病的传播。A. half 一半；B. minority 少数；C. majority 大多数人；D. growth 生长。根据前面感谢医护人员，以及该句的 also 可知，这里是 Pink 鼓励大多数人也去尽 自己的一份力来阻止疾病传播。故选 C。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们是我们的英雄！”她写道，她还敦促大多数人尽自己的一 份力量来阻止疾病的传播。A. reduce 减少；B. prevent 阻止；C. keep 保持；D. slow 缓慢 的。宾语是新冠肺炎的传播，因此这里填 prevent 表阻止，并且是固定搭配 prevent the spread of the disease/ prevent the disease from spreading，其余选项不能接 spread。 故选 B。 - 13 - 【35 题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：因此，尽管人类现在面临着黑暗的时刻，但有一件事是肯定的，那就 是他最终将赢得这场对抗 COVID-19 的战争！A. as 作为；B. once 曾经；C. because 因为；D. although 虽然。此处为让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用 although。故选 D。 阅读理解（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 以真阅读下列短文，从领文后务照所给的 A.B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在客题 卡上将该项涂黑。 A FESTIVALS IN LONDON London hosts each year a variety of celebrations and festivals. All of them are national and Foreign holidays. Below we show you the most amazing holidays and festivals in London. New Year's Day Parade This Parade is a free event which takes place annually on I January since 1987.M lasts about 2 hours 30 minutes, featuring more than 10.000 Participants representing 20 countries worldwide. There are marching bands, cheerleading groups, vehicles, animals, clowns and giant inflatables(充气物). Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race Since 1829 each spring the two England's most famous universities race along a 6.7 - 14 - kilometer stretch of the Thames River in what is perhaps the most famous rowing event in the world. The race attracts a massive crowd of around a quarter of a million fan to the banks of the Thames London Marathon The Flora London Marathon, one of the World Marathon Majors, has been held each year since 1981. Currently around 32,000 runners take part in this annual event, including professionals and amateurs. There are live bands entertainment and thousands of cheering fans. It is also one of the largest events to collect money in the world in order to attract more funds, some runners dress up in fancy costumes. Wimbledon Wimbledon runs annually from late June through early July, Wimbledon is the oldest and most famous tennis tournament in the world, the only Grand Slam event played on grass courts. Started in 1877, he event is often attended by members of the Royal Family, Wimbledon traditions include the eating of strawberries and cream that can be accompanied by an optional glass of champagne. - 15 - 36. Which of the four festivals has the longest history? A. New Year's Day Parade. B. Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race. C. London Marathon. D. Wimbledon. 37. London Marathon is different from the other three in that______. A. it has the purpose of donating money to other events B. it attracts many more fans from around the world C. it is the only festival accompanied by live band D. it has the function of raising money 【答案】36. B 37. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。本篇主要介绍了四个在伦敦盛行的节日活动的相关信息 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知四个节日的时间分别是 1987 年，1829 年，1981 年和 1877 年 开始的。根据 Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race 中的“Since 1829 each spring the two England's most famous universities race along a 6.7 kilometer stretch of the Thames River in what is perhaps the most famous rowing event in the world.”自 1829 年春 天以来，这两所英国最著名的大学沿着泰晤士河 6.7 公里的河段进行比赛，这也许是世界上 最著名的划船项目由此可知，牛津和剑桥的划船比赛始于 1829 年，是四个节日中历史最悠久 的。故选 B。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 London Marathon 部分中 It is also one of the largest events to collect money in the world in order to attract more funds, some runners dress up in fancy costumes.可知它也是世界上最大的募捐活动之一，为了吸引更多的资金，一些跑步者穿着奇 装异服。由此可知，伦敦马拉松与其他三个节日活动不同因为它有筹款的功能。故选 D。 B Over the past few months huge groups of locusts(蝗虫), one of which occupied an area more than three times the size of New York City, have eaten up crops across the Home of Africa and the Middle East, leaving an estimated 20 million people at risk of famine(饥荒). The first generation's eggs are starting to hatch, and now even bigger - 16 - swarms(虫群) are forming threatening. Countries from the Democratic Republic of Congo to Yemen, Iran, Pakistan and India, “representing a threat to food security and livelihoods,” says the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO). Desert locusts' populations explode when weather conditions are right. That explosion can create huge swarms that can travel great distance-more than 90 miles in a day-in search of food. Warm weather and unusually heavy rains in the Horn of Africa at the end of 2019 provided the moist(湿润的) soil necessary for hatching eggs. From there, the insects spread rapidly, resulting in one of the worst outbreaks the region has seen in more than 70 years. A typical swarm numbering 4 billion to 8 billion locusts, can consume in one day the same amount of food as 35 million people. Some swarms have been so thick in parts of Kenya that they have prevented planes from taking off. Governments have used widespread aerial spraying of pesticides when available; in poorer regions, where aircraft are unavailable, soldiers battle the swarms with handheld spray pump. The FAO has appealed for $138 million to support affected communities, If the locusts are not stopped before the next generation hatches, the impact could be terrible: the FAO guesses that an additional 25 million people across the region could lose their crops. Scientists in Kenya hope a new computer-assisted tracking program that combines satellite data with weather-mapping software will help predict the swarms next destination, buying-regional authorities enough time to prepare a response. Buy coronavirus- related travel restriction have delayed relief efforts as well as response mechanisms. The locusts have no such travel limitations. 38. The author uses many statistics in the passage to show_____ A. the disastrous consequence of the outbreaks of locusts B. the serious conditions facing the New York City C. the speed of swarms of locusts travelling D. the exact number of crops consumed by locusts 39. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The great distances locusts can travel. B. The explosion of locusts' population. - 17 - C. The perfect conditions for hatching their eggs. D. The result of the unusual outbreaks of locusts. 40. What does the last paragraph imply? A. The travel restrictions may probably worsen the urgent situation. B. It is unlikely to predict the swarms' next destination now. C. A lot of money has been raised after the FAO's appeal D. It's not difficult for humans to win the battle against the locust 【答案】38. A 39. C 40. A 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了目前蝗虫泛滥的情况，以及蝗虫泛滥的严重程度、蝗虫泛 滥的天气原因、给人带来的后果和组织打算做出的应对措施。 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中 Over the past few months huge groups of locusts, one of which occupied an area more than three times the size of New York City, have eaten up crops across the Home of Africa and the Middle East, leaving an estimated 20 million people at risk of famine.可知在过去的几个月里，成群结队的蝗虫吞噬了整个非洲和中东地区的 庄稼，使大约 2000 万人面临饥荒的危险。其中一个蝗虫群占据的面积是纽约市的三倍多。第 一段用具体数据描述了蝗虫占据的面积之大，覆盖面之广、迫使上百万人饥荒，这些都表明 了蝗虫爆发给人类带来的灾难性后果。由此可推知，作者在文章中用了很多数据是为了说明 蝗虫爆发的灾难性后果。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中 Warm weather and unusually heavy rains in the Horn of Africa at the end of 2019 provided the moist soil necessary for hatching eggs. From there, the insects spread rapidly, resulting in one of the worst outbreaks the region has seen in more than 70 years.可知 2019 年底，温暖的天气和罕见的大雨为非洲之角提供了 孵化虫卵所需的湿润土壤。从那里开始，这种昆虫迅速蔓延，导致了该地区 70 多年来最严重 的疫情之一。由此可知，第二段主要描述的是蝗虫大规模孵化的有利条件。故选 C。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Buy coronavirus- related travel restriction have delayed - 18 - relief efforts as well as response mechanisms. The locusts have/no such travel limitations.可知与冠状病毒相关的旅行限制延误了救援工作和应对机制。蝗虫没有这样的 旅行限制。由此可推知，旅行限制可能会使紧急情况恶化。故选 A。 【 点 睛 】 隐 含 意 义 推 理 判 断 题 。 这 类 题 的 题 干 中 常 含 有 ： infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to 等标志性词语。解决这类问 题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合 理 的 猜 测 和 推 断 。 如 第 三 小 题 ， 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 Buy coronavirus- related travel restriction have delayed relief efforts as well as response mechanisms. The locusts have/no such travel limitations.可知与冠状病毒相关的旅行限制延误了救援工作和应对 机制。蝗虫没有这样的旅行限制。由此可推知，旅行限制可能会使紧急情况恶化。故选 A。 C Dog owners swear that their furry best mend is in tune with their emotions, Now it seems this sense of interspecies connection is real: dogs can smell your emotions, and adopt them as their own We already know dogs can see and hear the signs of human emotions says Biagio D'Aniello at the University of Naples Federico II, Italy. But nobody had studied whether dogs could pick up on olfactory(嗅觉的) signals from humans. “The role of the olfactory system has been largely undervalued, maybe because our own species is more focused on the visual system.” says D'Aniello. However, dogs 'sense of smelling is far superior to ours, D'Aniello and his colleagues tested whether dogs could really sniff out our emotions. First, human volunteers watched videos designed to induce fear, happiness or a neutral response and the team collected samples of their sweat. Next, the researchers presented these sweat samples to dogs ,and monitored their behavior and heart rates. Dogs exposed to fear smells showed more signs of stress than those sniffing happy or neutral smells. They also had higher heart rates, and made less social contact with strangers. D'Aniello's study suggests humans can unconsciously, hijack their dogs' emotion by releasing smells .A second study suggests dogs can return the favour, using their expressive faces. Juliane Kaminski at the University of Portsmouth, UK, and her colleagues have - 19 - found that dogs' faces fare most expressive when they know people are looking at them. The researchers introduced dogs to a human who was either looking at them or facing away and either offering food or nothing. The team analyzed how much the dogs' facial movements varied in the four situations. They found that the dogs' facial expressions varied most when the person was looking at them. Kaminski says there was no sign of a “dinner table effect”, which “would predict that dogs try and look super-cute when they want something from the humans”. It's not clear precisely how dogs visually signal us and how we respond, says Monique Udell of Oregon State University in Corvallis. “This kind of research is needed to fully understand the nature of the human-dog relationship.” 41. How did D'Aniello's research team carry out their study on dog's ability of sniffing out humans' emotions? A. By analyzing the sweat samples from the dogs. B. By monitoring dogs' response Co the same videos C. By letting the dogs watch the volunteers 'expressive faces. D. By watching the dogs' reactions to the given sweat samples. 42. The underlined word "hijack" probably means? A. Study. B. Control. C. Find. D. Display, 43. What can we infer from the second study? A. Dinner-table effect really exists. B. Dogs are very sensitive to human attention. C. Dogs showed no facial expression when offered nothing D. Dogs' facial expressions vary most when they want attention. 44. What is still puzzling scientists according to the passage? A. How dogs react to human smells. B. How dogs respond to humans 'attention. C. How dogs hear and see the signs of humans' emotions. D. How dogs communicate with humans by the sense of slightly. 【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. D - 20 - 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。有研究证明了人和狗跨物种的联系是真实存在的：狗可以嗅到你的情感， 并将其作为自己的情感。本文主要通过 Biagio D'Aniello 进行的两个实验，来证明了狗能识 别人类的嗅觉信号。第一个研究发现人类的情绪反应会影响到狗的情绪，第二个研究则表明 狗对人类的注意力非常敏感。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 First, human volunteers watched videos designed to induce fear, happiness or a neutral response and the team collected samples of their sweat. Next, the researchers presented these sweat samples to dogs ,and monitored their behavior and heart rates. Dogs exposed to fear smells showed more signs of stress than those sniffing happy or neutral smells. They also had higher heart rates, and made less social contact with strangers.可知首先，研究人员让志愿者们观看一些旨在 引起恐惧、快乐或中性反应的视频，然后收集他们的汗液样本。接下来，研究人员将这些汗 液样本展示给狗狗，并监测它们的行为和心率。与闻着快乐或中性气味的狗相比，闻着恐惧 气味的狗表现出更多的压力迹象，它们的心率也更高，与陌生人的社交接触也更少。由此可 知，D' aniello 的研究小组通过观察狗对给定的汗液样本的反应，来对狗嗅出人类情感的能 力进行研究的。故选 D。 【42 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中 Dogs exposed to fear smells showed more signs of stress than those sniffing happy or neutral smells. They also had higher heart rates, and made less social contact with strangers.可知相比闻着快乐或中性气味的狗，闻着恐惧气味的 狗表现出更多的压力迹象。他们的心率也更高，与陌生人的社交接触也更少。由此可知，人 类的情绪反应会影响到狗的情绪。所以 D'Aniello 的研究表明人类可以无意识地，控制狗的 情绪。故划线单词的意思为“控制”。故选 B。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段 Juliane Kaminski at the University of Portsmouth, UK, and her colleagues have found that dogs' faces fare most expressive when they know people are looking at them.可知英国朴茨茅斯大学的 Juliane Kaminski 和她的同事们发现，当狗 知道人们在看它们时，它们的面部表情会表现得最为丰富。以及倒数第二段中 They found that - 21 - the dogs' facial expressions varied most when the person was looking at them.可知 他们发现，当人们看着狗的时候，狗的面部表情变化最大。由此可推知，第二项研究表明狗 对人类的注意力非常敏感。故选 B。 【44 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 It's not clear precisely how dogs visually signal us and how we respond, says Monique Udell of Oregon State University in Corvallis.可知位 于科瓦利斯的俄勒冈州立大学的 Monique Udell 说，目前还不清楚狗是如何在视觉上向我们 发出信号以及我们是如何反应的。由此可知，科学家目前不清楚狗如何通过轻微的感觉与人 交流的。故选 D。 【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用 refer to, be called 或 that's to say, such as 等。 ② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because 等，所猜词与这些提示词 前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 ③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 ④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析， 同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 ⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注 意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、 位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。 如第二小题，根据第三段中 Dogs exposed to fear smells showed more signs of stress than those sniffing happy or neutral smells. They also had higher heart rates, and made less social contact with strangers.可知相比闻着快乐或中性气味的狗，闻着恐惧气味的 狗表现出更多的压力迹象。他们的心率也更高，与陌生人的社交接触也更少。由此可知，人 类的情绪反应会影响到狗的情绪，所以 D'Aniello 的研究表明人类可以无意识地，控制狗的 情绪。故划线单词的意思为“控制”。故选 B。 D John Perry decided it was time to go home. It had been a perfect day. He had filled his bag with all sorts of seashells, enough to study for a month. The island had been - 22 - a good place to find shell but mow the sun was going down, he must leave before it got dark. He came to the sand reef that connected the island and the shore of the mainland. He stopped for a moment to enjoy the sunset on the ocean water. Then he began to walk along the sand reef toward the shore. He hurried on. Then, suddenly he stepped into the water. Before he knew what had happened, he dropped down and down. The water was covering his head. He rose to the top of the water, struggling to get back on to the dry sand, surprised. To his horror he saw long grey sharks there in the sea, but where was the sand reef? What had happened to it? He began to walk back toward the island. While he had searched for shells on the island, the strong ocean waves had washed a large part of the sand reef away. He did not know much about Sharks/but he was a good swimmer. He tried to remember what he had read about sharks. Did sharks find their food by smelling it? If they did, it meant they looked for food at all times, even during the night, ①Most of the night he lay down and looked up at the stars thinking. He thought of the people in the village. He was their doctor, the only doctor in the village felt good to be needed. He thought of wood for a fire, wood to signal for help, but there was no wood. At last he thought of sleep. He slept until the sun rose. ②The sharks were there because the fish were there. The same waves that had washed the sand reef away had somehow pushed large schools of fish into the area. He watched the sharks kill. He looked at the sea, if he swam to shore, he would be in the water 5,6 minutes. A lot could happen during that time. A wind blew across the water. Small waves rushed across the top and stopped him from seeing the bottom. He hoped the wind would stop. Somehow, clear water seemed less dangerous. ③But first, he looked all around before he took off all his clothes He kept only his belt and his small knife. He silently slipped into the water. He went deep down and looked around. He was about to rise to the top and start swimming when he saw a long grey body below him. He kicked himself up to the top and struggled to the sand. ④ He stood up and looked around again. How could he make the sharks move out - 23 - to sea? He put the knife against his leg and cut deep into the flesh, blood running out. He caught it on his white shirt. When the shirt was red and wet, he tied some cloths around his leg to stop the flow of blood. He tied a long piece of cloth to the shirt, then he threw the shirt into the water and pulled it with a piece of cloth. The sharks smelled the blood; they came racing toward the shirt. He was leading then away from shore. Suddenly he dropped the cloth turned toward shore and ran as fast as he could He jumped into the water and swam. He kicked and shouted as loud as he could. He touched the shore with his fingers and pulled himself up the stones. The shark was excited by the smell of blood and the chase went after him; its great body crushed against the stones. The other sharks jumped on it The end came quickly as the sharks’ blood turned the water red. The injured shark was eaten alive as it tried to escape. Perry slowly got to his feet. So, he said, “you did not get me.” He looked down at the sharks still eating even though they were full of food. 45. What happened to the sand reef while John Perry was searching for seashells? A. It was destroyed by the ocean waves. B. It was covered by the rising tide of the ocean. C. It fell down hen sharks were running after fishes around D. It was washed away by the ocean waves created by the sharks. 46. What made him think he was important to the villagers? A. His seashells. B. His swimming skill. C. His bravery. D. His occupation. 47. Why didn't he choose to escape in the night? A. Darkness made no difference to sharks at all. B. Darkness would increase the risk of his behavior. C. Sharks could still see him clearly in the darkness D. Sharks seldom attacked humans during the daytime. 48. Where should the sentence "He decided to swim." be put in the passage? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 49. What do you think of John Perry? - 24 - A. Cruel and violent. B. Clever and smart. C. Skilled but careless. D. Courageous but silly. 50. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. A narrow escape from hungry sharks B. An unforgettable day with sharks C. A close fight against fierce sharks D. An unexpected meeting with sharks 【答案】45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. B 50. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了医生 John Perry 在捡贝壳时，偶然被鲨鱼群困在孤岛， 最终他通过自己的机智勇敢，巧妙使用策略鲨口逃生的故事。 【45 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 While he had searched for shells on the island, the strong ocean waves had washed a large part of the sand reef away.可知当他在岛上寻找贝壳 的时候，强烈的海浪把大部分的沙礁冲走了。由此可知，当 John Perry 在寻找贝壳的时候， 珊瑚礁被海浪摧毁了。故选 A。 【46 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中 He thought of the people in the village. He was their doctor, the only doctor in the village felt good to be needed.可知他想到了村子里的人们。 他是他们的医生，是村里唯一一个医生，被需要的感觉很好。由此可知，他的职业使他认为 自己对村民很重要。故选 D。 【47 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 He tried to remember what he had read about sharks. Did sharks find their food by smelling it? If they did, it meant they looked for food at all times, even during the night.可知他努力回忆他读过的有关鲨鱼的书。鲨鱼是通过嗅觉找 到食物的吗？如果它们这样做了，这意味着它们在任何时候都在寻找食物，甚至是在夜间。 由此可知，他不在夜里逃走，因为黑暗会增加他行为的风险。故选 B。 【48 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知第六段主要写了 John 分析周边海水环境，似乎是适合游泳 的，根据第七段空格后第一句话 But first, he looked all around before he took off all his clothes 可知但是在他脱下所有的衣服之前，他先环顾了一下四周。由此可知，John 在 分析了海水环境后，还是准备游泳，因此判断出“He decided to swim.”应该放在第七段前 - 25 - 面，更为符合语境。故选 C。 【49 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数四段中 The sharks smelled the blood; they came racing toward the shirt. He was leading them away from shore. Suddenly he dropped the cloth turned toward shore and ran as fast as he could.可知鲨鱼闻到了血腥味；他们朝着衬衫游去。他当时 正领着他们离开海岸。突然，他扔下布，转身向岸边游去。John 通过捅伤自己，用血引诱鲨 鱼，从而逃生可以推断出他是一个聪明机敏的人，选 B。 【50 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章主要叙述了医生 John Perry 在捡贝壳时，偶然被鲨鱼群困在孤岛，最终 他通过自己的机智勇敢，巧妙使用策略鲨口逃生的故事。再结合文章最后一段 He looked down at the sharks still eating even though they were full of food.可知他低头看着那些 鲨鱼，尽管它们已经吃饱了，但还在吃。这些鲨鱼哪怕吃饱了也会不停的进食，所以是“hungry shark”。故 A 选项“从饥饿的鲨鱼手中逃过一劫”最符合文章标题。故选 A。 第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注 意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。 The development of penicillin(1928-1945) In 1928,Alexander Fleming was spending several weeks growing bacteria in piles of dishes for his experiment when he noticed a dish didn't look normal with blue mould in .Much to his astonishment, the mould killed the bacteria surrounding it. After discussing the blue mould with mould expert C. J. La Touche who had his office below Fleming's, they determined the mould to be a Penicillin mould. Fleming then called the active antibacterial agent in the mould, penicillin. He continued to run numerous experiments to determine the effect of the mould on other harmful bacteria. Surprisingly, the mould killed large number of them. He found the mould to be nontoxic and contain a powerful antibiotic. In 1929, Fleming wrote a paper on his findings, which did not get any scientific interest. His penicillin was still in his lab far from an effective medicine because the development of Penicillin as a drug faced two problems. First, it was difficult - 26 - for him to purify penicillin to work as a medicine. Second, he was not able to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective Fleming was praised for the discovery, but it was Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their Colleagues at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at Oxford University who managed to turn penicillin from a lab curiosity into an effective drug. In 1940,they worked with penicillin. Solving these problems and stepping up its large-scale production The increasingly obvious value and demand of penicillin in World War II accelerated the process of its mass production, which began in 1944.The wide use of penicillin during World War II saved many lives. Without it, many people would have died due to bacterial infections in even minor wounds. Fleming discovered penicillin. Florey and Chain made it a usable product with a nickname of “wonder drug”. All three of them were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The development 6f penicillin(1928-1945) The ___51___of penicillin ● While growing bacteria for his experiment,Fleming noticed something ___52___in a dish,killing the bacteria surrounding it. ●The blue mould,which Fleming found in the lab by ___53___ rather than on purpose, was named penicillin. The ___54___with Fleming' s further research ● Fleming had ____55____ making penicillin meet medicine standards of purity. ●He couldn't produce the desired quantities of penicillin to be ____56____ The mass production of penicillin ● Two other scientists along with their team ____57____in making its large-scale production possible. ●World War II ___58___up the process of its mass - 27 - production for military use. Significance ● Widely ___59___to treat people in war penicillin saved many lives that otherwise would have been lost. ●penicillin started post-1945 revolution of medicines, for which Fleming, Florey and Chain ____60____the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work., 【答案】51. discovery 52. abnormal /unusual; 53. accident /chance / coincidence 54. problems 55. difficulty /trouble/problems 56. effective 57. succeeded 58. stepped /sped/speeded 59. used /employed 60. won /shared 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 1928 到 1945 年期间，青霉素的发展过程。青霉素首先被 Alexander Fleming 无意中发现，但是 Fleming 遇到了困难，无法将其制成药品，后来在其他 两位科学家和他们的团队的协助下，成功大规模生产出了青霉素，并且在第二次世界大战中 拯救了许多生命。最终三人被授予诺贝尔医学奖。 【51 题详解】 考查名词。总结概括第一段的内容可知，第一段主要在讲 Fleming 发现青霉素的过程。结合 上文 the 可知应填名词 discovery。故填 discovery。 【52 题详解】 考查形容词。根据第一段中 In 1928, Alexander Fleming was spending several weeks growing - 28 - bacteria in piles of dishes for his experiment when he noticed a dish didn't look normal with blue mould in.可知 1928 年，Alexander Fleming 为了做实验，花了几周时间 在成堆的盘子里培养细菌，这时他注意到一个盘子里有蓝色的霉菌，看起来不太正常。由此 可知，在为他的实验培养细菌时，Fleming 注意到盘子里有一些不太正常的东西，杀死了盘子 周围的细菌。修饰不定代词 something 应用形容词 abnormal /unusual 作后置定语，表示“不 正常，不寻常的”。故填 abnormal /unusual。 【53 题详解】 考查名词。根据第一段中 Much to his astonishment, the mould killed the bacteria surrounding it.可知令他吃惊的是，霉菌杀死了周围的细菌。由此可知，Fleming 在实验室 无意中发现了这种蓝色霉菌，并将其命名为青霉素。表示“偶然，无意间”短语为 by accident /chance/ coincidence。故填 accident /chance / coincidence。 【54 题详解】 考查名词。根据第二段中 His penicillin was still in his lab far from an effective medicine because the development of Penicillin as a drug faced two problems.可知 由于盘尼西林作为药物的开发面临着两个问题，所以他的盘尼西林还远未成为一种有效的药 物。由此可知，本部分是在介绍 Fleming 进一步研究的遇到的问题。有两个问题，所以 problem 应用复数形式。故填 problems。 【55 题详解】 考查名词。根据第二段中 First, it was difficult for him to purify penicillin to work as a medicine.可知首先，他很难把青霉素提纯成药物。由此可知，Fleming 在使青霉素达到 药物纯度标准方面遇到了困难。短语 have difficulty/trouble/ problems (in) doing sth。 故填 difficulty /trouble/problems。 【56 题详解】 考查形容词。根据第二段中 Second, he was not able to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.可知第二，他无法生产出足够数量的青霉素，而这些 青霉素必须是有效的。由此可知，Fleming 无法生产出所需数量的有效青霉素。根据上文 to be 可知应填形容词 effective，表示“有效的”。故填 effective。 【57 题详解】 考查动词时态。根据第三段中 Fleming was praised for the discovery, but it was Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and their Colleagues at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology - 29 - at Oxford University who managed to turn penicillin from a lab curiosity into an effective drug.可知弗莱明因这一发现而受到赞扬，但正是牛津大学 William Dunn 爵士病 理学院的 Howard Florey、Ernst Chain 和他们的同事们成功地将青霉素从实验室里的珍品变 成了一种有效的药物。由此可知，另外两名科学家和他们的团队成功地使大规模生产成为可 能。短语 manage to do sth.等于 succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”。且事情发生 在过去，应用一般过去时。故填 succeeded。 【58 题详解】 考查动词时态。根据第四段中 The increasingly obvious value and demand of penicillin in World War II accelerated the process of its mass production, which began in 1944. 可知在第二次世界大战中，青霉素的价值和需求日益明显，加速了 1944 年开始的大规模生产 进程。由此可知，第二次世界大战加快了青霉素大规模使用的概率。表示“加快，加速”应 用动词 step/speed up the process，且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故填 stepped /sped/speeded。 【59 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。根据第四段中 The wide use of penicillin during World War II saved many lives. Without it, many people would have died due to bacterial infections in even minor wounds.可知第二次世界大战期间青霉素的广泛使用挽救了许多人的生命。如果没有它， 许多人会死于细菌感染，甚至是小伤口。由此可知，广泛使用青霉素治疗病人，挽救了许多 生命，否则这些生命将会死去。表示“使用”可用动词 use 或 employ，且分析句子结构可知 use/employ 在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语 penicillin 构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故 填 used /employed。 【60 题详解】 考查动词时态。根据最后一段中 All three of them were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.可知他们三人都获得了 1945 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。由此可知， 1945 年后，青霉素开始了医药革命，Fleming、Florey 和 Chain 因他们的研究获得了诺贝尔 医学奖。表示“赢得，分享”应用动词 win 或 share，且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时。故 填 won/shared。 第五部分 书面表达（满分 25 分） 61.下面是苏淮（Su Huai)、他的母亲（Mrs.Su)和他的老师（Mr.Li)就“线上学习”专题受 访时的谈话摘录。请认真阅读并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。 - 30 - Su Huai: I had to stay at home,learning online because of COVID-19,but I really enjoyed it.I think courses in the virtual classroom more interesting and it worked. Mrs.Su:I don't think so.I doubted how much knowledge had been planted in his head.I didn't take proper care of him and our relationship went tense.Sometimes it was like a fight of trapped beasts Mr.Li:We were going through a test similar ho many parents.We struggled with technology to interact with our students and make sure they could understand. 【写作内容】 1.用约 30 个单词概括上述信息的主要内容： 2. 你对线上学习有何看法？请说明理由（不少于两点）。 【写作要求】 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和校名； 3.不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version 1 Talking of online learning, Su Huai gave it a big embrace with enthusiasm while his mother and his teacher seemed to go through a challenging test with stress and uncertainty. I welcome online learning, which proves to be a great complement to offline learning. Not only is it less costly but it’s also an easily accessible platform, so that students can study from anywhere at their own pace. What’s more, interactions between teachers and students are considerably improved online, - 31 - ensuring learning is more efficient and that its quality is better sustained. Online learning, without any doubt, cannot fully replace offline learning for some problems like the test of technology, disciplines and lack of human interactions. In spite of its disadvantages, I still think it’s a good learning platform which provides an even more rewarding learning experience for all of us as long as we use it in a proper way. Possible version 2 Talking of online learning, Su Huai gave it a big embrace with enthusiasm while his mother and his teacher seemed to go through a challenging test with stress and uncertainty. I disfavor online learning. It is no more than a complement to offline learning at most. In the period of school closure, it proved to be more a challenge than an opportunity. It cannot meet the needs of students who try to join in discussions, thus reducing its learning efficiency. Also, online learning can be difficult for self-discipline in practice, which makes it possible for some students to lag behind. That’s not all. Interactions in online courses can’t be so satisfying as expected. All in all, online learning has a few problems to be solved. While we can make something sweet from lemons, do remember lemons are lemons and be mindful of how to learn online in a proper way. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇读写任务写作。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，下面是苏淮（Su Huai)、他的母亲（Mrs.Su)和他的老师（Mr.Li) 就“线上学习”专题受访时的谈话摘录。请认真阅读并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的 文章。写作内容：1.用约 30 个单词概括上述信息的主要内容：2. 你对线上学习有何看法？ 请说明理由（不少于两点）。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：give it a big embrace with enthusiasm (热 情地拥抱它)；go through (经受)；uncertainty (不确定性)；interactions(互动)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 应用一般现在时。 - 32 - 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 I welcome online learning, which proves to be a great complement to offline learning.运用了 which 引导的非限定性定语从句；Not only is it less costly but it’s also an easily accessible platform, so that students can study from anywhere at their own pace.运用了倒装句和目的状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭 英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 33 -