高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：选修8 Unit 2 Cloning 14页

Unit 2 Cloning Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1． vi.　不同；相异 ‎2． vt. 着手；从事；承担 ‎3． n. 突破 ‎4． vi. 反对；不赞成 ‎5． vt. 获得；赢得 ‎6． vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)‎ ‎7． vt. 禁止；不准 differ undertake breakthrough object obtain attain forbid ‎8． vt. 积累；聚积 ‎9． vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……‎ ‎10． adv. 立刻；不久 ‎11． vi. 退休；离开 ‎12． vt.& vi. 打扰；操心 ‎13． n. 假定；设想 ‎14． n. 规则；规章；法规 ‎15． vi.& vt. 打；撞击；罢工 ‎16． adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 ‎ Accumulate owe shortly retire bother assumption regulation strike vain ‎17． vt. 抵抗；对抗 ‎18． adv. 仅；只；不过 ‎19． n. 装饰 ‎20． vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 ‎21． adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的 resist merely decoration adore reasonable Ⅱ.重要短语扫描 ‎1．pay 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 ‎2．cast 沮丧；不愉快 ‎3．in of 赞成；支持 ‎4．(be) to (do)．.. 一定或注定(做)……‎ ‎5． ...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎6． time to time 不时；偶尔 ‎7．bring back to 使复生；使复活 ‎8．in 白费力气；枉费心机 off down favour bound strike from life vain ‎9．in good/poor 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)‎ ‎10．have a great on 对……有很大影响 condition impact Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dolly’s illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.‎ ‎[信息提取]　be appropriate to (for) sth.适合于……的；适当的。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　你应当用一种适合你的文章主题的写作风格。‎ You should write it in a style which________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　is appropriate to your subject ‎2．Is it in favour of cloning or against it?‎ ‎[信息提取]　in favour of赞成，支持。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　我对她讲了我们的计划，她表示赞同。‎ I have told her about our plan，and she________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　is in favour of it ‎3．Dolly’s death，like her birth，was bound to raise worries.‎ ‎[信息提取]　be bound to肯定会。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　看看天，今天下午一定会下雨。‎ Look at the sky，________ ________ ________ ________this afternoon.‎ ‎【答案】　it’s bound to rain ‎4．Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet.‎ ‎[信息提取]　a matter of……的问题。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　你应该把这当成一回事，这是一个生死攸关的问题。‎ You should take it seriously.It’s________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　a matter of life and death undertake (undertook，undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担 ‎①They undertook a dangerous task.‎ 他们承担了一项危险任务。‎ ‎②He undertook to finish the job by Friday.‎ 他答应在星期五以前完成那工作。‎ ‎③I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.‎ 我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。‎ ‎1．Who do you think is the right person to ______the task?‎ A．undergo B．undertake C．understand D．underline ‎【解析】　undertake the task表示“承担任务”为固定搭配，A、C、D均不与the task 构成有意义的词组。‎ ‎【答案】　B forbid (forbade/forbad；forbidden) vt.禁止 ‎(1)forbid sb./sth.‎ If you want to marry her，I won’t forbid you.‎ 如果你要娶她，我不会禁止你。‎ ‎(2)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 The new law forbids smoking in offices.‎ 新法律禁止在办公室内抽烟。‎ ‎(3)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止做某事 Her father forbade her to go out alone.‎ 她父亲不许她单独外出。‎ My father forbade me to watch TV，which made me unhappy.‎ 我父亲禁止我看电视，这使我不高兴。‎ ‎2．(2007年江苏卷)—Can I smoke here?‎ ‎—Sorry.We don’t allow________here.‎ A．people smoking B．people smoke C．to smoke D．smoking ‎【解析】　句意为：——这里允许吸烟吗？——抱歉，这里不允许吸烟。allow允许，这个词的用法如下：allow sb.to do sth.；allow doing sth.。如：We don’t allow talking loudly in the hall.由此可知allow后有宾语时应用to do，而没有时用doing。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎3．He was in poor health，so the doctor________him to drink wine.‎ A．hoped B．demanded C．forbade D．prevented ‎【解析】　由于身体差，医生禁止他喝酒，用forbid。‎ ‎【答案】　C object ‎ ‎(1)vi.不赞成，反对 We object to being treated like this.我们抗议这种待遇。‎ I objected that he was too young for the position.‎ 我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合这个职位。‎ ‎(2)n.物体，目标 His object of studying English is to know more about England and the English people.‎ 他学习英语的目的是更多地了解英国和英国人民。‎ objection n．反对；不赞成 have/take/make an objection to (doing) sth.对……表示反对 raise an objection to sth.对……提出异议 My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.‎ 我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。‎ ‎4．We________to punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.‎ A．complain B．object C．oppose D．resist ‎【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意为：我们反对因为一个人的过失而去惩罚所有的人。complain抱怨，悲叹，控诉；object反对；object to doing反对做……；oppose反对，使对立，使对抗；resist抵抗，反抗，忍得住。‎ ‎【答案】　B owe vt.‎ ‎(1)欠(钱、物、债等)，后面通常跟直接宾语和间接宾语，即：owe sb.sth.或owe sth.to sb.。‎ Don’t forget you still owe 150 yuan to the wine shop.‎ 别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。‎ ‎(2)owe...to...把……归功于……‎ He owes his success to hard work and practice.‎ 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。‎ If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to my teacher.‎ 如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。‎ ‎(3)owe亦可解释为“应当给予……”。‎ You owe me an apology.你得向我道歉。‎ We should do the duty which we owe to our country.‎ 我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。‎ ‎(1)owing to＝because of因为，由于，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。‎ Owing to the rain，they could not come.‎ 由于下雨，他们不能来了。‎ ‎(2)owe it to sb.that...‎ I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.‎ 多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。‎ ‎5．She owes her success________good luck more than ________ability.‎ A．to；and B．of；to C．to；to D．to；in ‎【解析】　本题意中owe的含义是“归功于”的意思，应与介词to连用。句中more than的意思是“而不是”，用做连词连接两个介词短语，句意为“她的成功是由于幸运，而不是由于有才干”。‎ ‎【答案】　C bother ‎(1)vt.打扰；vi.操心 ‎ I don’t want to bother you with my problems.‎ 我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。‎ Don’t bother Mary while she’s reading.‎ 玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。‎ It bothers me that he hasn’t been telling me the truth.‎ 他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。‎ ‎(2)n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 I hate to be a bother，but could I use your phone?‎ 给您添麻烦了，我可以用一下电话吗？‎ ‎6．I’m very sorry to have________you with so many questions on such an occasion.‎ A．attracted B．abstracted C．impressed D．bothered ‎【解析】　对不起，有这么多问题麻烦你。bother打扰，麻烦。‎ ‎【答案】　D pay off还清(债务等)，付清，回报 I paid off all the debts after years of hard work.‎ 经过几年的艰苦劳动我还清了所有的债务。‎ All his efforts paid off at last.他所有努力最终有了回报。‎ 辨析：pay for，pay back 与pay off ‎(1)pay for表示“付……的钱”“因……而受惩罚”。‎ She paid 200 dollars for that ring.‎ 她买那个戒指花了两百美元。‎ ‎(2)pay back偿还；报复 Can you lend me ￡10？I’ll pay you back on Friday.‎ 你能借给我10英镑吗？我星期五就还你。‎ He paid me back by not coming.他不来，以此来报复我。 ‎ ‎(3)pay off意为“还清(债务)”“结算清薪水解雇”“成功”等。‎ It took them three years to pay off their debts.‎ 他们用了3年才还清了债务。‎ ‎7．—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.‎ ‎—Oh，really？I’m glad that her efforts at last________.‎ A．worked out B．got back C．paid off D．turned out ‎【解析】　下句意为“我很高兴她的努力最后获得回报”。pay off(指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通。又如：The gamble paid off.赌赢了。‎ ‎【答案】　C in favour of赞成，支持 Are you in favour of cloning or against cloning?‎ 你赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？‎ I spoke in favour of the plan.我发言赞同这项计划 ‎ Could you do me a favour and turn off the light?‎ 请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？‎ Could you do me the favour to pick up Sam from school today?‎ 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？‎ ‎8．(2006年陕西卷)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was________it.‎ A．in favour of B．in memory of C．in honour of D．in search of ‎【解析】　本题考查介词短语的辨析。此处while表示转折对比，against表示反对。故选用in favour of表示“赞成”。B表示“为纪念”；C表示“为了向……表示敬意”；D表示“寻找”，均不合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　A Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.‎ 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。‎ ‎(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如：here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子倒装。‎ Look，here comes the bus.看，公共汽车来了。‎ Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。‎ There goes the bell.铃响了。‎ ‎(2)本句中的news 与that Dolly bad become seriously ill是同位语关系。常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear等。‎ He had no idea when she would come back.‎ 他不知道她何时会回来。‎ The thought that Lao Li would open a restaurant in New York surprised his wife.‎ 老李要在纽约开饭店的想法让他的妻子非常吃惊。‎ He got a message from Mr Johnson that the manager could not see him that afternoon.他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面了。‎ ‎9．(2010届安徽合肥168中学月考)________all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.‎ A．To grow B．Growing C．Grown D．Grow ‎【解析】　考查倒装句。为保持句子平衡，或使上下文衔接更紧，可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起完全倒装。本题中把分词提到了句首。正常语序为：Wild flowers of different kinds are growing all over the hills and around the lake.‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎10．(2010届南京金陵中学月考)A warm thought suddenly came to me________I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.‎ A．if B．when C．that D．which ‎【解析】　that引导同位语从句，解释a warm thought的具体内容。that只起连接作用，但不能省略。‎ ‎【答案】　C Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Olympic basketball rules________(不同) slightly from the NBA rules.Instead of four periods，lasting 12 minutes each，there are two periods，lasting 20 minutes each.‎ ‎【答案】　differ ‎2．The 36storied building is one of the most challenging projects the construction company have ever ________(承担)．‎ ‎【答案】　undertaken ‎3．My mother________(禁止) me to play computer games for a long time because she thinks they will ruin my study and future.‎ ‎【答案】　forbids ‎4．—Would it________(麻烦) you if I ask you a few questions?‎ ‎—Not at all.‎ ‎【答案】　bother ‎5．Some scientists put forward a(n)________(设想) that human beings can move to another planet in case the earth is not fit to live on some day.‎ ‎【答案】　assumption Ⅱ.巧思妙解 ‎1．One more day，________I’ll get everything ready.‎ A．or B．while C．and D．but ‎【解析】　考查特殊句式。此句是“祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句”句型，相当于“If I have one more day，I’ll get everything ready.”。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2．Share some of yours with those in great need and you ________a difference.‎ A．will make B．make C．made D．have made ‎【解析】　本句是“祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句”句型，根据所给语境可知简单句中的动作尚未发生，因此用一般将来时。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．Follow your doctor’s advice，________your cough will get worse.‎ A．or B．and C．then D．so ‎【解析】　“祈使句＋or＋简单句”是一个常见的基本句式，意思是“干某事，否则就会……”。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎4．Start out right away，________you’ll miss the first train.‎ A．and B．but C．or D．while ‎【解析】　此题考查“祈使句/名词短语＋and/or＋句子”‎ 这一句型。这一句型在高考中经常考查，要特别注意祈使句省略动词的情况：(Walk) one more step，and the little boy will fall into the well.‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎5．________and I’ll get the work finished.‎ A．Have one more hour ‎ B．One more hour C．Given one more hour ‎ D．If I have one more hour ‎ ‎【解析】　句意为：“再有一小时，我将完成工作”。此题考查“祈使句＋and句式”。‎ ‎【答案】　B Ⅲ.情景交际 ‎1．(2010届重庆一中期中测试)—Can you accompany your little brother to the post office now?‎ ‎—________，if he is ready.‎ A．By all means B．No way C．My pleasure D．In no case ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。by all means可以，当然可以。no way决不；my pleasure不客气，很荣幸，回答他人道谢时的用语；in no case决不，无论如何不。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎2．(2010届山西实验中学月考)—You must have had a good time at the party last night，didn’t you?‎ ‎—________.Actually，it was a bit boring.‎ A．Oh，great B．I suppose so C．Not really D．That’s OK ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。依据下文的“事实上，晚会有点乏味”可知，C选项符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．(2010届淄博检测)—I’ve got the invitation to your school，Mr Johnson.‎ ‎—Oh，good.________.‎ A．How do you like it? ‎ ‎ B．Have you read it?‎ C．Can you come?‎ ‎ D．May I help you?‎ ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。根据“I’ve got the invitation to your school” 可知，答语应该为“你来吗？”‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎4．(2010届绵阳中学月考)—Tom，I’m sorry to say that I can’t go to watch tonight’s match with you，for I have to prepare for the coming exam.‎ ‎—________Have some fun!‎ A．Don’t have too many irons in the fire.‎ B．Don’t be a wet blanket.‎ C．Don’t put the cart before the horse.‎ D．Don’t pull my leg.‎ ‎【解析】　Don’t be a wet blanket意思是：别这么让人扫兴。句意为：——汤姆，对不起，我今天晚上不能和你一起去看比赛了，因为我要为即将到来的考试做准备。——别这么令人扫兴，玩吧！A项意为“别揽太多事”；C项意为“本末倒置”；D项意为“别开我玩笑了”。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎5．(2010届济宁检测)—How do you find the new book by J．K.Rowling?‎ ‎—________.I guess she is out of her talent.‎ A．With the help of my mother B．By accident C．Very boring D．In the library ‎【解析】　“How do you find...”表示“你认为……怎么样”，因此只有very boring符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　C Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—同位语从句 ‎1．(2010届南昌二中月考)A few years ago the belief became general________orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal.‎ A．which B．that C．and that D．what ‎【解析】　that引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词the belief ‎。这句话把同位语从句放在了谓语动词之后，是为了平衡句子，免得头重脚轻。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．(2010届江苏常州教学质量调研)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars________road conditions need________.‎ A．that；to be improved ‎ ‎ B．which；to be improved C．where；improving ‎ D．when；improving ‎【解析】　第一空处为that引导的同位语从句；need后面要接to be done或doing表示被动。因此A项正确。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．(2009年潍坊市高三第二次质检)There are signs________reading classics is becoming more popular with students.‎ A．which B．that C．whether D．when ‎【解析】　考查同位语从句的判断及用法。reading classics is becoming more popular with students是叙述的一件事情，作signs的同位语，用以解释它的内容，故选that。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎4．(2009年南通市高三第一次调研测试)Nobody would stand out admitting the fact，for some reason，________they lost the game.‎ A．that B．which C．what D．why ‎【解析】　同位语从句。they lost the game作the fact的同位语，用以解释the fact的内容，故用that引导。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎5．(2009年南京市高三年级质量调研)The news came，as expected，________my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS.‎ A．it B．that C．what D．which ‎【解析】　本题考查同位语。that引导的同位语从句解释news的内容。‎ ‎【答案】　B