高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 15页

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1． n．　　专利，证书，专利权 ‎2． vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎3． n. 产品 ‎4． adj. 突然的；意外的 ‎5． adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的 ‎6． n. 小心；谨慎 ‎7． n. 预料；期待；期望 patent distinguish product abrupt convenient caution expectation ‎8． vt. 抓住；捉住；夺 ‎9． n. 认出；认可；承认 ‎10． n. (评判的)标准；尺度 ‎11． n. 文件；档案；文件夹 ‎12． adj. 熟的；成熟的 ‎13． adj. 冰冻的；严寒的 ‎14． vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 ‎15． n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱 ‎16． vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 ‎　n. 轻轻的敲击(声)；(水)龙头 seize recognition criterion file ripe freezing bear jam tap ‎17． n. (水或气)流；电流 ‎ 　　　　adj. 现在的；当前的 ‎18． adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的 ‎19． vt. 联想；联系 ‎20． adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的 current stable associate practical Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1．call 给……打电话 ‎2．now then 偶尔；有时 ‎3．set 开始；着手 ‎4．dive 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎5．set (to do) 开始(做)‎ ‎6． on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 ‎7．out of 次序颠倒；发生故障 ‎8．get 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；‎ ‎ (设法)做完；通过 up and about into out hang order through ‎9．ring 回复电话 ‎10．ring 挂断电话 back off Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.‎ ‎[信息提取]　distinguish oneself使自己扬名。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　这个人因智慧而扬名。‎ The man________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　distinguished himself by his wisdom ‎2．I’m sorry，but this phone is out of order.‎ ‎[信息提取]　be out of order坏了，有毛病。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　咱们的冰箱又坏了，我们别修它了，最好买一个新的。‎ Our refrigerator________ ________ ________ ________ ________.We’d better buy a new one________ ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎【答案】　is out of order again；instead of repairing it ‎3．But once picked up，they tried to bite me.‎ ‎[信息提取]　once picked up为“连接词＋过去分词”结构，相当于once they were picked up。once引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　一旦打开，这些食物就必须在三天内吃完。‎ ‎________ ________，the food must be eaten up within three days.‎ ‎【答案】　Once opened ‎4．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.‎ ‎[信息提取]　unless连词，意为“除非，如果不……”。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　如果你不马上走，就会迟到的。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you will be late.‎ ‎【答案】　Unless you go at once distinguish ‎(1)vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别 You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.‎ 你应学会明辨是非。‎ The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。‎ ‎(2)distinguish oneself引人注目，出名 He distinguished himself by bravery.‎ 他以勇猛出名。‎ Yao Ming has already distinguished himself as an athlete.‎ 作为运动员姚明已享有盛名。‎ He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.‎ 他在经济学方面的知识是卓越的。‎ ‎1．Color blind people often find it difficult to________between blue and green.‎ A．separate　　　　 B．distinguish C．compare D．contrast ‎【解析】　句意为：色盲的人经常感到很难区分蓝色和绿色。separate分离，分开，但与between不能连用。distinguish between分辨，辨别；compare (to/with)比较，对照；contrast (with) 形成对比。‎ ‎【答案】　B convenient adj.方便的，便利的 Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?‎ 你明天开始工作方便吗？‎ Please come whenever it is convenient to you.‎ 方便的时候请随时来。‎ They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.‎ 它们突然消失在附近的一个墙洞中。‎ convenience n．方便，便利，适宜，省事 at one’s convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地方 convenience food方便食品 for convenience为了方便 Come by to pick me up at your convenience.‎ 在你方便的时候，请来接我。‎ ‎2．Our new house is very________for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.‎ A．adaptable B．comfortable C．convenient D．available ‎【解析】　句意为：我们的新居很便利，从家到办公室只需五分钟。convenient表示“方便的”，符合题意。A.adaptable表示“能适应的，适应性强的”；B.comfortable表示“舒适的”；D.available表示“可获得的，可得到的”。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．Come and see me whenever________.‎ A．you are convenient ‎ B．you will be convenient C．it is convenient to you ‎ ‎ D．it will be convenient to you ‎【解析】　“如果你方便的话”应用if it is convenient to/for you。‎ ‎【答案】　C bear (bore，borne)vt.‎ ‎(1)负担，承担 I doubt if that chair will bear your weight.‎ 我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。‎ Who will bear the responsibility/expense?‎ 谁要负担这责任/费用呢？‎ ‎(2)忍受，忍耐 He can’t bear being laughed at.‎ ‎＝He can’t bear to be laughed at.‎ 他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。‎ ‎(1)stand，bear，tolerate，put up with意为“忍耐，容忍”。‎ He can’t stand/bear/put up with hot weather.‎ 他不能忍受炎热的天气。‎ She can’t stand being kept waiting.她无法忍受久等。‎ ‎(2)bear sth.in mind牢记 You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.‎ 你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。‎ ‎4．—Why did Bob cry?‎ ‎—He couldn’t bear________like that before the whole class.‎ A．making fun of B．being made fun of C．to be laughed at D．being made fun ‎【解析】　动词bear后跟v.ing形式作宾语，且此处应该使用被动形式。‎ ‎【答案】　B associate vt.联想，联系 ‎①I’ve never associated you with this place.‎ 我从未把你和这个地方联系在一起。‎ ‎②I wouldn’t want to be associated with Mckey’s project.‎ 我不想和麦基的计划有任何瓜葛。‎ ‎③I don’t like these young men you’re associating with.‎ 我不喜欢你结交的这些年青人。‎ association n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with...与……合伙/合作 ‎④I am working in association with him.‎ 我和他一同工作。‎ ‎⑤My association with him goes back to our days in high school.‎ 我和他的交往可以追溯至高中时代。‎ ‎5．He wished to forget everything________with his former life and start a new life.‎ A．joined B．associated C．buried D．carried ‎【解析】　句意为：他希望忘记跟他过去生活有联系的一切东西，开始新的人生。be ‎ associated with...表示“和……有联系”，此处作后置定语，符合语意要求。‎ ‎【答案】　B call up ‎(1)使人想起，使回忆起 The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.这笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。‎ The music calls up memories of my childhood.‎ 音乐引起我对童年的回忆。‎ ‎(2)打电话 I tried to call you up last night，but no one answered the phone.‎ 我昨晚曾打电话给你，但没人接。‎ ‎(3)召集，征召……入伍 When the war broke out，they were at once called up.‎ 战争一爆发，他们立即就被征召入伍了。‎ ‎(1)ring/call back回复电话 ‎(2)ring off挂断电话 ‎(3)give sb.a ring给某人打电话 ‎(4)sb.be wanted on the phone有某人的电话 ‎(5)answer the phone接电话 ‎(6)hang/hold on不挂断电话 ‎6．Your letter________the days ________we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.‎ A．calls up；which B．call in；when C．calls up；when D．calls in；that ‎【答案】　A set out开始，着手(后接不定式)；出发，动身 They set out to work as soon as they arrived.‎ 他们一到就干了起来。‎ She is going to set out for France at five o’clock in the morning.‎ 她准备早上五点钟出发去法国。‎ 辨析：set out，set off，set about与set up ‎(1)set out表示“开始做某事”，多跟不定式。‎ He set out to wash his car.他开始洗车。‎ ‎(2)set off表示“启程，开始”，多指开始踏上征程，常常和on，for等搭配。‎ If you want to catch that train，we’d better set off for the station immediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身去火车站。‎ ‎(3)set about表示“开始，着手做某事”，多跟doing结构。‎ You must set about your work at once.你必须立即开始工作。‎ The girl has set about cleaning the room.‎ 小女孩已开始打扫房间。‎ ‎(4)set up不能表示“开始”，而表示“搭建，建立，使恢复”等意义。‎ A fund will be set up for the dead men’s families.‎ 抚恤死难工人家属的基金会即将建立起来。‎ ‎7．After breakfast，my classmates and I set out________Hong Xing Farm and received a warm welcome.‎ A．to B．on C．for D．towards ‎【解析】　set out for出发到……地方。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎8．The moment she came back from work，she________to clean the kitchen thoroughly.‎ A．set out B．set about C．set off D．set up ‎【解析】　考查动词短语含义。set out to do sth.着手做某事；set about doing sth.着手做某事；set off出发，动身，使爆炸；set up成立。‎ ‎【答案】　A get through ‎(1)完成 She’s got through a lot of work.她完成了许多工作。‎ ‎(2)通过 He got through his final exams easily.‎ 他轻易地通过了期末考试。‎ ‎(3)到达 The message got through to us at last.‎ 这条消息终于送到了我们这儿。‎ ‎(4)接通电话 I called all day，but I just couldn’t get through.‎ 我打了一天的电话，可就是打不通。‎ ‎(5)度过(时间)‎ I can’t think how they will get through the time.‎ 我想像不出这段时间他们将怎样度过。‎ get across被理解；使人了解 get down to认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)‎ get over克服 get on进展，进步 get in收获 ‎9．(2009年四川卷)—Have you________？‎ ‎—No.I had the wrong number.‎ A．got in B．got away C．got off D．got through ‎【解析】　 句意为：——你打通电话了吗？——没有。我拨错号码了。get in进入，抵达，收获；get away走开，逃脱；get off(从……)下来，出发，下班，逃脱惩罚；get through 完成，度过，通过，讲清楚，打通电话。‎ ‎【答案】　D Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesn’t work the first time. ‎ 记住对你的发明要有变化的余地以防它第一次不起作用。‎ in case ‎ ‎(1) conj.在……的情况下，万一……的话；以防，免得；in case后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用一般现在时态，偶尔也用should＋v.。‎ In case anything important happens，please call me up.‎ 万一发生什么重要的事情，请打电话给我。‎ Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.‎ 坐出租车去，免得开会迟到。‎ ‎(2)adv.以防万一，免得 You’d better carry some money in case.‎ 你最好带些钱，以防万一。‎ It may rain.You’d better take your umbrella in case.‎ 天可能下雨，你最好带上伞以防万一。‎ ‎(1)in case of 在……情形时，万一，以防……‎ In case of fire，ring the bell.万一发生火灾，请按铃。‎ I will take a raincoat with me in case of rain.‎ 我将随身带件雨衣以防下雨。‎ ‎(2)in any case 无论如何，反正，不管怎样 In any case，do your best.无论如何，要尽力而为。‎ ‎(3)in no case 决不，在任何时候都不 In no case should you be allowed to do such a foolish thing again.你决不应该再做那样的蠢事。(注意此句要用部分倒装)‎ ‎(4)in that case作“在那种情况下，假使那样的话”“如果那样”解时相当于if that happens。‎ It may rain this evening.In that case，we’ll have to stay at home.今天晚上可能下雨。如果是那样，我们就只好呆在家里了。‎ ‎10．I shall stay in the hotel all day______there is news of the missing child.‎ A．in case B．no matter C．in any case D．ever since ‎【答案】　A ‎11．Leave your key with a neighbor________you lock yourself out one day.‎ A．ever since B．even if C．soon after D．in case ‎【解析】　句意为：留一把钥匙给你的邻居以防哪天忘了带钥匙进不了门。根据句意和行文逻辑此处为以防万一之意，故选in case。ever since自……以来；even if 即使；soon after 在……之后不久，均不合题意。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎12．Some parents don’t allow their children to go online________they are affected by something ‎ unhealthy.‎ A．for fear that B．unless C．in only D．in case ‎【解析】　in case，for fear that引导目的状语从句。词义为“以防……，以免……”。须指出的是in case引导的从句，谓语动词用一般时表示将来时。for fear that其从句谓语动词前需有may，might，will或would。‎ ‎【答案】　D Prepared with these findings，I decided on three possible approaches.‎ 有这些发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法。‎ Prepared with these findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑动宾关系。‎ ‎①Although built thirty years ago，the house looks very beautiful.‎ 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的，但它看起来依然很漂亮。‎ ‎②Given more time，he can do it better.‎ 如果给予他更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。‎ ‎③Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。‎ ‎④Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.‎ 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。‎ ‎⑤He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.＝He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。‎ ‎13．(2010届保定一中月考)Bought by his father and________to serve as his maid，the young girl fell in love with him.‎ A．intending B．to intend C．being intended D．intended ‎【解析】　考查非谓语动词。语意表示“这个女孩是他的父亲买来打算给他当女仆的”，此处是intend sb.to do sth.的被动语态，用其过去分词作状语。注意，英语中一般不用现在分词的被动语态作状语。‎ ‎【答案】　D Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。‎ ‎“祈使句＋and/then/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构的用法 ‎①Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies.‎ ‎＝If you work harder，you’ll succeed in your studies.‎ ‎＝Working harder，you will succeed in your studies.‎ 如果你更加努力学习，在学习上你就会成功。 ‎ ‎②Study hard，or/otherwise you’ll fall in your exams.‎ ‎＝If you don’t study hard，you’ll fail in your exams.‎ ‎＝You will fail in your exams unless you study hard.‎ 如果你不刻苦学习，你就会考不及格。‎ ‎14．(2009年江南十校测试)—Can you help me?‎ ‎—Yes.________your teacher’s advice，in my opinion，and everything will be OK.‎ A．Follow B．Following C．To follow D．Followed ‎【解析】　此题考查句型“祈使句＋and＋一般陈述句”，in my opinion在句中作插入语。‎ ‎【答案】　A Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The twin brothers are so much alike that it is difficult for us to________(辨别) one from the other.‎ ‎【答案】　distinguish ‎2．Would it be________(便利) for you to pick me up at 2 p．m.and take me to the railway station?‎ ‎【答案】　convenient ‎3．I let my parents down.In other words，I didn’t live up to their________(期望) of me.‎ ‎【答案】　expectation ‎4．When the couple turned forty，they were laid off.With no________(稳定的) income they found they were really badly off and could hardly make ends meet.‎ ‎【答案】　stable ‎5．My father always comes up with a________(实际的) solution to my problem.Every time I take ‎ his advice，I will solve my problem.‎ ‎【答案】　practical Ⅱ.选词填空 ring back；hang off；set about；get through；hang on ‎1．Come and________________doing your work：you’ve wasted lots of time.‎ ‎【答案】　set about ‎2．He’s not in；why don’t you________________after 6 o’clock?‎ ‎【答案】　ring back ‎3．Jerry asked John，who was talking with him on the phone，to________________while he ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.‎ ‎【答案】　hang on ‎4．I will have to________________now；I smell something burning in the kitchen.‎ ‎【答案】　hang off ‎5．I tried phoning her office，but I couldn’t________________.How could I give her the important information?‎ ‎【答案】　get through Ⅲ.巧思妙解 ‎1．—The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.‎ ‎—Don’t worry.We have already________two thirds of it.‎ A．got down B．got through C．given in D．given away ‎【解析】　get through完成(工作)。 ‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．(2007年天津卷)Hardly could he________this amount of work in such a short time.‎ A．get through B．get off C．get into D．get down ‎【解析】　考查动词短语。句意为“在这么短的时间内他几乎完不成这么多工作”。get through有完成之意，符合句意。get off 下车；get into进入，陷入；get down“下车，吞下，写下”都与句意不搭配。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎3．(2009年河南信阳模拟)The earthquake has destroyed most houses in the village.How are they going to________the winter?‎ A．get on B．get across C．get over D．get through ‎【解析】　get on进展，进步；get across被理解；get over克服；get through度过，通过。由句意可知D为正确选项。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎4．—It’s a good idea，but who’s going to________the plan?‎ ‎—I think Tom and Grey will.‎ A．get through B．carry out C．go through D．carry on ‎【解析】　get through通过；carry out执行；go through经历；carry on进行。‎ ‎【答案】　B Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—过去分词 ‎1．The performance of the host，________to please the audience and draw their attention，was greeted with a cold silence，however.‎ A．had intended B．intended C．intending D．to intend ‎【解析】　分词短语作非限制性定语，排除A；逻辑主语the performance与intend是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．The Olympic Games，________in 776BC，didn’t include women players until 1912.‎ A．first playing B．to be first played C．first played D．to be first playing ‎【答案】　C ‎3．The murderer was brought in，with his hands________behind his back.‎ A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied ‎【答案】　D ‎4．Most of the artists________to the party were from South Africa.‎ A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited ‎【答案】　A ‎5．(2009年浙江金华十校联考)________in her most beautiful skirt，the girl tried to make herself________at the party.‎ A．Dressed；noticed B．Dressing；noticed C．Dressed；noticing D．Dressing；being noticing ‎【答案】　A