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高考英语一轮复习精讲学案:动词和动词短语

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动词和动词短语 ‎1.接不定式(不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词 afford(买得起;有能力做),agree(同意),arrange(安排),ask(要求;让),beg(请求),fail(失败),choose(选择),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决定),expect(期待),fear(害怕),help(帮助),hope(希望),learn(学习),manage(设法),offer(提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),promise(许诺),refuse(拒绝),want(想要),wish(希望)‎ It is a very important exam so I can’t afford to fail it.‎ 这是非常重要的考试,我不可以失败。‎ My neighbour offered to help me when I was in trouble.‎ 当我困难时,邻居主动提出帮我忙。‎ ‎2.接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词 admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),deny(否认),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃避),fancy(想象),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),stand(忍受),imagine(想象),keep(继续),mention(提到),mind(介意),miss(错过),permit(允许),practise(练习),prohibit(禁止),report(报道),risk(冒险),stop(停止),suggest(建议),understand(理解)‎ I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.‎ 我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事。‎ ‎(2007·江苏卷)—Can I smoke here?‎ ‎——我可以在这里吸烟吗?‎ ‎—Sorry.We don’t allow smoking here.‎ ‎——对不起,我们不允许在这里吸烟。‎ ‎3.接不定式作宾补的33个常用动词 advise(建议),allow(允许),ask(要求),beg(请求),cause(导致),command(命令),drive(驱使),elect(选举),encourage(鼓励),expect(期望),forbid(禁止),force(强迫),get(使;要),help(帮助),intend(打算),invite(邀请),leave(委托),like(喜欢),mean(打算),need(需要),oblige(迫使),order(命令),permit(允许),persuade(说服),prefer(宁愿),request(要求),remind(提醒),teach(教),tell(告诉),train(训练),want(想要),warn(警告),wish(希望)‎ Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself,but her parents did not allow her to do so.‎ 玛丽想独自一人环游世界,但是她父母不允许她这样做。‎ Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.‎ 参观者请勿触摸展品。‎ ‎4.接现在分词作宾补的15个常用动词 catch(碰上;撞上),discover(发现),feel(感觉),find(发现),get(让,使),have(使),hear(听见),keep(使),listen to(听),look at(看),notice(注意到),observe(观察),see(看见),start(使),watch(观察)‎ She observed a man walking in the street.‎ 她看到一个男子在大街上行走。‎ He had the light burning all night long.‎ 他让灯着了整整一个晚上。‎ ‎5.主动语态中接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词 feel(感觉),have(使),hear(听见),let(让),listen to(听),look at(看),make(使;让),notice(注意),observe(观察),see(看见),watch(观察)‎ To be honest,I didn’t notice them come in.‎ 诚实地说,我没注意到他进来。‎ ‎6. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词 like(喜欢),love(喜爱),hate(讨厌),prefer(宁愿),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),can’t bear(不能忍受),bother(费心),intend(想要),attempt(试图)‎ Having talked to him for a while I started to like him.‎ 和他聊了一会儿,我开始喜欢他了。‎ They have already started planning for it.‎ 他们早已开始计划此事了。‎ ‎7.可接双宾语的34个常用单词 ‎(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的19个常用动词 award(授予),bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借),mail(邮寄),offer(提供),owe(欠),pass(递),pay(付钱),post(寄),read(读),return(归还),send(送),sell(卖),show(展示),teach(教),tell(告诉),throw(扔),write(写)‎ They awarded the first prize to John.‎ 他们授予约翰一等奖。‎ ‎(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for 的15个常用动词 book(预订),buy(购买),choose(选择),cook(煮),draw(画),fetch(去取),find(找到),fix(安装),get(取得,带来),make(做),order(订购),prepare(准备),save(节省),sing(唱),spare(留出)‎ I can’t spare time for a holiday at present.‎ 目前我抽不出时间度假。‎ ‎8.可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的8个常见动词 accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)‎ This photo reminds me of my school days.‎ 这张照片使我想起了学生时代。‎ ‎9.可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的8个常见动词 blame(指责),criticise(批评),forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅),pardon(原谅),punish(惩罚),scold(指责),thank(感谢)‎ Forgive me for saying so,but I think that’s nonsense.‎ 请原谅我这么说,我认为那是无稽之谈。‎ ‎1.(2010·福建卷)—In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as well.‎ ‎—I can’t agree more.It’s great to have the two________.‎ A.linked        B.related C.connected    D.combined 解析: 句意为:——在当今时代,妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。——我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。本题考查动词词义辨析。link 指将两事物相连接;relate指将两事物联系起来;connect也指将两事物相连接或联系;combine 指把两者结合起来。根据句意,故D项正确。‎ 答案: D ‎2.(2010·浙江卷)The majority of people in the town strongly________the plan to build a playground for children.‎ A.consider    B.support C.confirm    D.submit 解析: 本题考查动词。句意为:这个镇上大部分人都非常支持为孩子们建操场的计划。‎ consider 考虑,认为;support 支持,支撑,养活;confirm 确认;submit 提交,呈递,屈服。根据句意以及副词strongly可得知答案为B项。‎ 答案: B ‎3.(2010·天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to________three air tickets to London.‎ A.order    B.arrange C.take    D.book 解析: 句意为:他给旅行社打电话订了三张去伦敦的机票。本题考查动词辨析。order:request sb.to bring(food,drink,etc.)in a hotel,restaurant,etc.(在旅馆、饭店等)叫(饭菜、饮料等);book:reserve(a place,accommodation,etc.),buy(a ticket,etc.)in advance预订(位子,膳宿等),预购(票等);arrange安排,布置;take 拿走,取走。‎ 答案: D ‎4.(2010·江西卷)Parents________much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.‎ A.attach    B.pay C.link    D.apply 解析: 句意为:父母认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价的礼物。本题考查动词短语搭配。attach much importance to...认为……很重要;link...to...把……与……联系起来;apply(...)to 运用,应用。‎ 答案: A ‎5.(2010·辽宁卷)The new movie________to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.‎ A.promises     B.agrees ‎ C.pretends    D.declines 解析: 句意为:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。本题考查动词辨析。promise to be有希望成为;agree to do sth.同意做某事;pretend to do sth.假装做某事;decline to do sth.拒绝做某事。‎ 答案: A ‎1.常用短语 ‎(1)base...on...把……建立在……基础上 ‎(2)care about 在乎,计较,介意(常用于否定句和疑问句)‎ ‎(3)cheer up高兴起来,振作起来 ‎(4)carry out 实施,完成 ‎(5)catch up with 赶上 ‎(6)date back to/from 追溯至,始于……‎ ‎(7)hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒 ‎(8)knock down 撞倒,击倒 ‎(9)lay aside 把……搁置一旁,储存 ‎(10)work out 算出,制定出 ‎2.与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词 break break away from 脱离    break down 坏掉,出故障;垮掉 break into 闯入,破门而入   break out (战争)爆发 break in 破门而入   break off 打断,中断 break through 逾越,突破;冲破 break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止 call call for 需要;邀请   call on/at号召;访问 call in 召集;召来   call up 召唤,召集;打电话 call off 取消 come come about 发生   come across 偶遇 come to 共计,达到,苏醒   come true 变为现实 come up 走上前,被提出   come up with 提出 come into being 形成 get ‎ get about 四处走动;传开   get across 传达 get away 逃脱,设法离开   get down 下来;记下 get in 收割;到达   get off 出发;下班 get together 聚会   get through 接通;通过 get down to 开始认真干   get over 克服 get along/on with 进展;相处 give give up 放弃   give in屈服 give out 用尽;分发   give away泄露;赠送;颁发 give off 发出   give back 归还,使恢复 go go against 违背;对……不利   go ahead 开始,进展,进行 go after/for 追逐,追求   go without 勉强维持;凑合 go in for 爱好,参加,从事   go through 通过;经历 go over 复习;仔细审查   go by 过去,经过 hold hold back 隐瞒;控制(情感)   hold out维持;抵抗;硬撑 hold up使……耽搁   hold on 坚持;别挂(电话)‎ hold together 团结一致   hold on to 保留,抓住不放 make make up for 补偿,弥补   make out 辨认出 make fun of 取笑   make up one’s mind 下定决心 make sense 有道理(意义),讲得通 make good/full use of...充分利用……‎ make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐;凑足 put put aside 把……放在一边   put away 把……收好 put down 扑灭,平息   put forward 提出 put off 延期;推诿   put out 扑灭;生产 put up with 忍受,容忍 put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿 turn turn down拒绝;调低   turn in 上交 turn out 结果是,证明是   turn over 移交,交给 turn up 出现;调高   turn off 关掉 turn on打开   turn away 走开 turn to 求助于;翻到 ‎1.(2010·辽宁卷)Thousands of people________to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.‎ A.turned on    B.turned in C.turned around    D.turned out 解析: 句意为:结果成千上万的人观看了昨天对阵爱尔兰的比赛。本题考查动词短语。turn on打开(电器);turn in上交;turn around转身;turn out 结果是,证明是。‎ 答案: D ‎2.(2010·福建卷)We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do.Let’s________it.‎ A.keep up with    B.do away with C.get down to    D.look forward to 解析: 句意为:我们刚搬进一幢较大的房子,有许多事要做。让我们着手做吧。本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“跟上”;B项意为“废除,去掉”;C项意为“开始,着手做”;D项意为“期望”。‎ 答案: C ‎3.(2010·浙江卷)After that,he knew he could________any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.‎ A.get away with    B.get on with C.get through    D.get across 解析: 句意为:之后,他明白了只要尽其所能,把能力发挥到最好就能解决任何紧急事件。get away with 意为“带着……逃脱,离开”;get on with 意为“继续做”;get through 意为“通过,做完,解决”;get across 意为“越过,被理解,通过”。根据句意可知答案为C项。‎ 答案: C ‎4.(2010·安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself,there is always someone________you wishing they were that high.‎ A.getting rid of B.getting along with C.looking up to D.looking down upon 解析: 句意为:无论你把自己看得多么的低微,总是有人仰慕你并希望(像你)那么高大。本题考查动词词组辨析。look up to 仰视、尊敬;get rid of 除掉;get along with 相处、进展;look down upon 轻视、看不起。‎ 答案: C ‎5.(2010·天津卷)Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and________as a manager.‎ A.ended up    B.dropped out C.came back    D.started off 解析: 句意为:他进入公司时只是一个小职员,后来晋升很快,最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。end up as+职位/职业表示“最终做了某职位或职业”;drop out 退学或退出;come back 回来;start off 出发。‎ 答案: A ‎1.(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The workers________the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”.‎ A.carried   B.delivered C.pressed   D.packed 解析: 句意为:工人们把那些玻璃杯打包,并且在每个盒子上标上“请勿倒置”的字样。本题考查动词辨析。语境提到“玻璃杯”和“每个盒子”,可见这里表示工人把这些玻璃杯打包进行包装,因此选D。pack打包。carry搬,扛,运;deliver 分发,投递;press 按,压。‎ 答案: D ‎2.(2010·山东卷)Your house is always so neat—how do you________it with three children?‎ A.manage     B.serve C.adapt     D.construct 解析: 句意为:你的房子总是这么整洁——有三个孩子,你是怎样做到这一点的?manage:succeed in doing(sth.)成功做成(某事);完成(困难的事),应付(困难局面);serve 服务;adapt 适应,改写;construct 建设,it 在这里指代“Your house is always so neat...”这一现象。‎ 答案: A ‎3.(2010·湖北卷)Had she________her promise,she would have made it to Yale University.‎ A.looked up to    B.lived up to C.kept up with    D.come up with 解析: 句意为:假如她当初遵守自己的诺言,她本可以被耶鲁大学录取的。本题考查动词短语辨析。live up to 符合,履行,look up to 抬头看;keep up with 赶上;come up with 想出。‎ 答案: B ‎4.(2010·陕西卷)You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must________you,I suppose.‎ A.agree with    B.agree to C.agree on    D.agree about 解析: 句意为:你气色很好。我想,三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。本题考查的是动词词组。agree with:suit sb.’s health or digestion (对某人的健康或胃口)适合。又如:If the type of food does not agree with you,it makes you feel ill.agree to 同意,愿意;agree on:If people agree on sth.,they all decide to accept or do sth.就某事达成一致协议。‎ 答案: A ‎5.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to________the knives and spoons.‎ A.put away    B.put up C.put on    D.put together 解析: 句意为:妈妈打开抽屉把刀和勺子收好。本题考查动词词组辨析。put away (使用完毕)将某物收起或放进抽屉、箱子里;put up举起,建造、搭起,张贴等;put on 穿上、戴上(衣帽),演出(戏剧);put together合计,合起来,组装。根据句意,A项正确。‎ 答案: A ‎6.(2010·安徽卷)—How did you like Nick’s performance last night?‎ ‎—To be honest,his singing didn’t________to me much.‎ A.appeal    B.belong C.refer    D.occur 解析: 句意为:——你觉得Nick 昨天晚上表演得怎么样?——说实话,他的演唱对我没多大吸引力。appeal to sb.—attract or interest sb.(对某人)有吸引力;(使某人)感兴趣。belong to 属于;refer to 谈到、提到;occur to 发生。‎ 答案: A ‎7.(2010·江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep,and you may just________sweet dreams.‎ A.keep up with    B.put up with C.end up with    D.catch up with 解析: 句意为:睡前闻闻这些花,你可能就会做美梦。本题考查动词短语辨析。 keep up with 跟上;put up with 忍受,容忍;end up with 以……结束;catch up with 追上,赶上。C项符合句意。‎ 答案: C ‎8.(2010·四川卷)Jenny was looking for a seat when,luckily,a man ________and left.‎ A.took up   B.got up C.shut up   D.set up 解析: 句意为:Jenny 正在找座位,这时正好有个人起身离开了。本题考查动词短语辨析。take up从事,占据;get up 起床,起身;shut up 关闭,闭嘴;set up建立,搭起。‎ 答案: B ‎9.(2010·山东卷)Sam________some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.‎ A.brought up   B.looked up ‎ C.picked up    D.set up 解析: 句意为:Sam 只通过观看别人操作电脑便学到了一些电脑知识。考查动词短语辨析。bring up 抚养;look up 抬头看,查询;pick up好转,开车接人,认出,学会;set up建造,搭起。根据句意故选C项。‎ 答案: C ‎10.(2010·江苏卷)The experiment has________the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet,but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.‎ A.found out   B.pointed out C.ruled out   D.carried out 解析: 句意为:试验排除了那个星球有生命存在的可能性,但是这并不意味着其他星球上就没有生命存在。本题考查动词短语。find out 查明;point out 指出;rule out 排除;carry out 贯彻,执行,根据句意可知答案为C项。‎ 答案: C ‎1.(2011·山东淄博模拟)The headmaster will________a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon.‎ A.deliver     B.address C.announce    D.declare 解析: 句意为:今天下午校长将要对来访的外宾发表讲话。deliver 发表,deliver a speech 发表演讲。address sb.对某人讲话,对某人发表演说;announce 宣布,通告;declare 宣告,声明。‎ 答案: A ‎2.(2011·东北三校模拟)—I think I should wear a dress instead of this jeans.‎ ‎—It’s just a small informal party,so you don’t have to________.‎ A.warm up    B.put up C.dress up    D.keep up 解析: 句意为:——我觉得我应该穿礼服不能穿牛仔服。——这只是一个不太正式的小聚会,因此,你不必刻意打扮。dress up 穿上特殊服装,乔装,化妆。‎ 答案: C ‎3.(2011·山东临沂)If you keep practising your son in football,he ________to make a famous player.‎ A.wants    B.hopes C.promises    D.wishes 解析: 句意为:如果你坚持对你儿子进行足球训练,他有希望成为一个著名的球员。promise 有前途,有……的可能。‎ 答案: C ‎4.(2011·山东烟台模拟)Newlydeveloped materials for spaceships can________extreme weather conditions.‎ A.hold    B.support C.stand    D.compete 解析: 句意为:新研发的航空材料能经受极端天气条件的考验。stand 抵抗,抵御,经受,符合语境。‎ 答案: C ‎5.(2011·杭州模拟)Everyone in the village hoped that he would________after a few days’ treatment.‎ A.pick up    B.come up C.keep up    D.make up 解析: 句意为:村里的每一个人都希望他能在几天的治疗后康复。pick up 好转,恢复;come up 走上前来,发芽,发生;keep up 保持;make up 编造,弥补,化装,构成。‎ 答案: A ‎6.(2011·山东枣庄调研)He didn’t ________what I said because his mind was on something else.‎ A.hold on    B.hang on C.take in   D.get over 解析: 句意为:他没有理解我说的话,因为他刚才想别的呢。take in理解,领会;hold on 不挂断;hang on 坚持,不挂断,靠着,渴望;get over 爬过,克服,熬过,恢复。‎ 答案: C ‎7.(2010·3月济南模拟)Stella was disappointed to find her new plan________and fell into great depression.‎ A.put away    B.carried out C.turned down    D.left out 解析: 考查动词短语辨析。句意为:Stella 看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望,难以振作。put away 收起来,放好;carry out 完成;turn down 拒绝;leave out 漏掉,忽略。‎ 答案: C ‎8.(2010·4月济南模拟)What the young man can’t________is that his mum always treats him like a baby.‎ A.support    B.undertake C.hold    D.bear 解析: 考查动词辨析。bear 此处表示“忍受”;support 表示“支持”;undertake 表示“从事”;hold 则表示“容纳”。根据语意“那个年轻人无法容忍的是……”,选D项。‎ 答案: D ‎9.(2010·4月济南模拟)Internet shopping is really________when people are sure of its safety.‎ A.taking off    B.taking up C.setting off    D.setting up 解析: 考查动词词组辨析。句意为:当人们确认了它的安全性之后,网络购物真的迅速流行起来。take off 表示“迅速流行”;take up 表示“从事,占据”;set off 表示“出发”;set up 表示“建造,建立”。根据语意选A项。‎ 答案: A ‎10.(2011·黑龙江检测)The girl nodded with a smile as if she had ________his mind.‎ A.read    B.found C.watched    D.noticed 解析: 考查动词词义辨析。read one’s mind 是固定搭配,表示“读懂某人的心思”。‎ 答案: A ‎11.(2011·福建龙岩检测)She is working hard all day long,which will surely________her success in her future work.‎ A.result from    B.contribute to C.benefit from    D.stick to 解析: 考查动词词组辨析。语意表示“她整天努力工作,这肯定会有助于她未来工作的成功”。这里contribute to 表示“导致,有助于”;result from 表示“因……发生”;benefit from表示“从……中获益”;stick to 则表示“坚持”。根据句意,选B项。‎ 答案: B ‎12.(2010·3月济南模拟)Thanks to the success of the business,we can________a flat this year.‎ A.make    B.devote C.remove    D.afford 解析: 考查动词辨析。句意为:由于生意很好,今年我们能买得起房子了。afford 买得起,负担得起。‎ 答案: D ‎13.(2010·黑龙江检测)I didn’t like the soap opera at first,but when I started watching one,I immediately became ________it.‎ A.accustomed to    B.addicted to C.opposed to    D.allergic to 解析: 考查动词词组辨析。句意为:我起初不喜欢肥皂剧,但看了一个后我马上就上瘾了。这里用become addicted to 表示“对……上瘾/入迷”;become accustomed to 表示“习惯于……”;become opposed to 表示“反对……”;become allergic to 则表示“对……过敏”。根据语意选B项。‎ 答案: B ‎14.(2010·海南五校联考)—Have you been________?‎ ‎—Yeah.As a matter of fact,I’ve been going to the gym for half a year now.‎ A.carrying out    B.turning out C.making out    D.working out 解析: 考查动词短语。——你一直健身吗?——是的,事实上,我去健身房已有半年了。work out 有“(定期)锻炼,健身”的意思,符合题意。make out 应付,过;carry out 实施,执行;turn out 出席,在场。‎ 答案: D ‎15.(2010·南京第三次模拟)The idea of travelling abroad really________a lot of Chinese people.That’s why every year witnesses more people applying for passports.‎ A.takes to    B.caters to C.attends to    D.appeals to 解析: 本题考查动词短语。根据题中的后一句可知,出国游吸引了很多中国人,因此选择appeal to(吸引)。cater to迎合,满足某人的要求;attend to 照看,处理;take to 开始喜欢。‎ 答案: D ‎ ‎