2020届一轮复习人教版必修一unit4earthquakes单元知识点学案 9页

基础知识默写(学生用书231～232页)‎ ‎1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发 ‎ ‎2．event n．事件；大事 ‎3．nation n．民族；国家；国民 national adj.国家的；民族的 ‎4．ruin n．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产 ‎5．injure vt.损害；伤害 injury n．损害；伤害 injured adj.受伤的 ‎6．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎7．shock n．休克；打击；震惊vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动 shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的 ‎8．trap vt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境 ‎9．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎10．damage n．&vt.损失；损害 ‎11．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬 frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的 ‎12．congratulation n．祝贺；(pl.)贺词 congratulate vt.祝贺 ‎13．judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决 judgement n．判断；评价；审判；看法；见识 ‎14．rescue vt.&n．援救；营救 ‎15．canal n．运河；水道 ‎16．steam n．蒸汽；水汽 ‎17．extreme adj.极度的 ‎18．brick n．砖；砖块 ‎19．track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹 ‎20．cyclist n．骑自行车的人 ‎21．electricity n．电；电流；电学 ‎22．disaster n．灾难；灾祸 ‎23．title n．标题；头衔；资格 ‎24．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地 ‎25．outline n．要点；大纲；轮廓 ‎26．headline n．报刊的大字标题 ‎27．suffering n．苦难；痛苦 suffer v．受苦；患病 ‎28．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处v．躲避；为……提供庇护处 ‎29．right away立刻；马上 ‎30．think little of不重视；认为不好，不喜欢 ‎31．as if/though仿佛；好像 ‎32．at an end结束；终结 ‎33．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 ‎34．dig out掘出；发现 ‎35．be buried in埋头于 ‎36．a (great) number of许多；大量的 ‎37．judge...from/by根据……判断……‎ ‎38．In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.‎ 在农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食了。‎ ‎39．It seemed as if the world was at an end!‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！‎ ‎40．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ 基础知识夯实 Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1．Moreover，with the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events(赛事) are able to be held.‎ ‎(2018·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎2．These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage(损害)．‎ ‎3．The earthquake that happened last week almost completely destroyed(毁坏) the city.‎ ‎4．The library closes at dusk because there is no electricity(电) in it.‎ ‎5．All in all，I sincerely(真诚地) invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.‎ ‎(2018·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎6．Seeing the disaster(灾难)，I have been worried about youyou’re your family. I’m anxious to know your present situations.‎ ‎7．She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter(庇护所) or enough food.(2017·北京)‎ ‎8．A sudden stop can be a very frightening(frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江)‎ ‎9．We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate) to him.‎ ‎10．We are still waiting for the court to pass judgement(judge) on the case.‎ ‎11．She seemed to take pleasure in our suffering(suffer)．‎ ‎12．It is shocking(shock) that they involved children in the crime.‎ ‎13．We didn’t want to play with him for his clothes were untidy and he had dirty(dirt) hands.‎ ‎14．It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team has won the championship twice in national (nation) middle school volleyball matches.(2018·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎15．They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists(cycle) repairing their bike on the side of the road.(2017·浙江)‎ Ⅱ.选词成篇 One night，an explosion broke out，with the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. The terrible scene made people think the world was 1.atanend. Some people were injured，some 2.buried in ruins and some missing. 3.Judging from the situation，there were 4.a number of trapped people waiting for rescue. But all hope was not lost，because soldiers were sent to help them 5.right away.‎ Tom seemed 6.as if he was a little slow in understanding，for which many teachers and classmates 7.thought little of him at school. After his graduation from college，he invented a device which could help to 8.dig out the people 9.trapped in the ruins when earthquakes happened. Now，the family 10.are all proud of him.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．The reason why I can’t go to the bookstore with you is that I’m too weak to walk out of my bedroom. (too...to...)(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ 我不能和你一起去书店，因为我身体太虚弱了以至于无法走出卧室。‎ ‎2．Not all body language means the same thing in different countries，such as nodding.(部分否定)‎ 并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思，例如点头。‎ ‎3．It seems as if there is going to be a heavy snow.(seem)‎ 似乎将有一场大雪。‎ ‎4．Everywhere he went，he received a warm welcome.(everywhere)‎ 无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。‎ ‎1．“数字”拾零 ‎(1)dozen十二；一打 ‎(2)score二十 ‎(3)hundred百 ‎(4)thousand千 ‎(5)million百万 ‎(6)billion十亿 ‎2．总用复数形式表达某一意义的单词 ‎(1)damages损害；赔偿金 ‎(2)goods货物 ‎(3)arms武器 ‎(4)contents内容；目录 ‎(5)manners礼貌 ‎(6)customs海关 ‎3．“立即；马上”短语荟萃 ‎(1)right away ‎(2)right now ‎(3)at once ‎(4)in no time ‎(5)without delay ‎4．不受逻辑主语限制的分词短语 ‎(1)judging from/by根据……判断 ‎(2)talking of谈到 ‎(3)coming to论及 ‎(4)taking all things into consideration全盘考虑 ‎(5)allowing for考虑到 burst v．(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发 ‎(1)burst in/into突然闯进；破门而入 burst out crying (＝burst into tears)突然哭起来 burst out laughing (＝burst into laughter)突然笑起来 ‎(2)a burst of一阵……‎ ‎(1)The police burst in and arrested the thief.‎ 警察突然闯进来，逮捕了小偷。‎ ‎(2)Myless lowly opened one of his eyes and began to cry. I held him firmly and burst into tears/burst out crying.(2018·山西孝义一模)‎ 迈尔斯慢慢睁开了一只眼，哭了起来。我紧紧地抱住他，也哭了起来。‎ ‎(3)Upon his appearance there was a burst of applause.‎ 他一出现就爆发了一阵喝彩声。‎ ruin n．毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟 v．毁坏；使破产 ‎(1)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉 come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落 bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏 ‎(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己 ‎(1)These images wouldn’t get ruined (ruin) by water.(2018·四川双流中学二模)‎ ‎(2)When they returned to Rock away the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(成了一片废墟)．(2016·北京)‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ It rained for two weeks，completely ruining our holiday.‎ ‎(1)injury n．伤；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 ‎(2)injured adj.受伤的 the injured伤员 ‎(1)By mile17，I became out of breath and the once injured (injure) ankle hurt badly.(2018·北京)‎ ‎(2)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured(injure) and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.(2018·北京)‎ ‎(3)Don’t lift that tool box—you’ll do yourself an injury/do an injury to yourself！(伤着自己；injury)‎ shock v．(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊 ‎(1)in shock震惊地；休克 ‎(2)shocking adj.令人震惊的 ‎(3)shocked adj.感到震惊的 be shocked by/at...对……感到震惊 be shocked to do...因做……而震惊 ‎(1)I still remember visiting a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.(2018·浙江)‎ ‎(2)After the shocking news spread throughout the whole city，everyone felt shocked.(shock)‎ ‎(3)She was in shock(震惊地) for about two weeks after the accident.‎ ‎(4)[同义句改写]　It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.(用shock n．改写)‎ ‎→It was a shock to me to see how my neighbors treated their children.‎ bury sth. in...把某物埋在…‎ bury oneself in埋头于，专心于 be buried in专心于 ‎(1)He walked slowly，his hands buried (bury) in his pocket.‎ ‎(2)She sat there，buried in thought(陷入了沉思)．‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.‎ ‎①Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(‎ 用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Buried in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎(1)congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就……(向某人)祝贺 Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)‎ ‎(2)congratulate v．祝贺 congratulate sb. on sth.为某事向某人祝贺 ‎(1)Congratulations on your happy marriage!‎ 祝你婚姻幸福。‎ ‎(2)You can congratulate ourself on having done a good job.‎ 你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。‎ 易错点拨 ‎(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。‎ ‎(2)congratulate的宾语是sb.而不是sth.，且该动词后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。‎ ‎(1)bring...to an end结束……‎ put/bring an end to结束……；终结……‎ come to an end结束 ‎(2)at the end of在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of到……结束时；到……时候为止 in the end最后；终于 ‎(3)end up with以……结束 end up doing最终在做……‎ ‎(4)make (both) ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出 on end连续地；竖立着 ‎(1)The meeting was at an end./The meeting came to an end.会议结束了。‎ ‎(2)By the end of next week，I will have finished(finish) most of the work.‎ 到下周末为止，我将已经完成了大多数工作。‎ ‎(3)Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.‎ ‎(2017·天津)‎ 无人驾驶汽车最终可能成为一种公共交通工具，而不是个人的交通工具。‎ ‎(4)Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end.(2018·天津)‎ 未来的杂货店可能会储存持续多年的“食物”。‎ 表示“许多；大量”的词语可分为以下几类：‎ ‎(1)＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语动词 ‎(2)＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 ‎(3)＋可数名词复数或不可数名词 ‎(4)＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词 ‎(1)Large quantities of land in the area have been reserved(reserve) for national parks these years，which are(be) now home to bears，wolves，and other wild animals.‎ ‎(2)Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal(夜间活动的) species is (be) astonishing.‎ ‎(3)More than one doctor was involved(involve) in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.‎ ‎(4)One survey shows that large amounts of water are wasted(waste) every year in China，and that one third is available to be saved.‎ 易错点拨　large quantities of后跟名词(可数或不可数)作主语，谓语动词一律用复数。large amounts of 后跟不可数名词作主语，谓语动词也用复数形式。the number of后跟名词作主语，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。‎ It seems/seemed as if...看样子好像……；仿佛……‎ seem的其他相关句型：‎ ‎(1)seem (to be)＋adj./现在分词/过去分词/介词短语　好像……‎ ‎(2)seem to do/be doing/have done好像要做/在做/已经做了……‎ ‎(3)It＋seems/seemed(＋to sb.)＋that...(对某人来说)好像……；似乎……‎ ‎(4)There seems to be...好像有……‎ ‎(1)It seems as if you have something on your mind.‎ 你好像有什么心事似的。‎ ‎(2)There seems to be something wrong with the engine.‎ 引擎似乎有些问题。‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)They were talking in a whisper，so it seemed that they were saying something secret.(将画线部分改为简单句)‎ They were talking in a whisper，so they seemed to be saying something secret.‎ ‎(4)He seems to have come to terms with losing his sight.(改为复合句)‎ It seems that he has come to terms with losing his sight.‎ all...not＝not all...部分否定，也称半否定。‎ ‎(1)具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(complete，whole等)和副词(completely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。‎ ‎(2)no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。‎ ‎(1)I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with everything/all.‎ 我同意你讲的大多数内容，但并非同意你讲的全部。‎ ‎(2)But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age.(2016·天津)‎ 但我的生活并不总是那么美好，我从小就有学习障碍。‎ ‎(3)Not everything she did pleased him.(改为全否定)‎ Nothing she did pleased him.‎ ‎(4)Both of them are not my brothers.(改为全否定)‎ Neither of them is my brother.‎