2020届一轮复习人教版必修一unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero单元知识点学案 9页

基础知识默写(学生用书233～234页)‎ ‎1．active adj.积极的；活跃的 ‎ activity n．活动 ‎2．self n．自我；自身 selfish adj.自私的 selfless adj.无私的；忘我的 ‎3．devote vt.献身；专心于 devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 ‎4．found vt.建立；建设 ‎5．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的 peace n．和平 ‎6．vote vt.&vi.投票；选举n．投票；选票；表决 ‎7．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 ‎8．violence n．暴力；暴行 violent adj.暴力的 ‎9．equal adj.相等的；平等的 equality n．同等；平等 ‎10．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的 ‎11．escape vi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开vi.(气体、液体等)泄漏 ‎12．educate vt.教育；训练 educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的 education n．教育 ‎13．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏 rewarding adj.值得的；有报酬的 ‎14．president n．总统；会长；校长；行长 ‎15．opinion n．意见；看法；主张 ‎16．quality n．质量；品质；性质 ‎17．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 ‎18．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 ‎19．principle n．法则；原则；原理 ‎20．cruelty n．残忍；残酷 cruel adj.残忍的 ‎21．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的 illegal adj.非法的 ‎22．league n．联盟；同盟；联合会 ‎23．stage n．舞台；阶段；时期 ‎24．blanket n．毯子；毛毯 ‎25．relative n．亲戚；亲属 ‎26．guidance n．指导；领导 guide v．指导；指示n．导游；指导者 ‎27．sentence vt.判决；宣判 ‎28．out of work失业 ‎29．as a matter of fact/in fact事实上 ‎30．blow up使充气；爆炸 ‎31．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 ‎32．turn to求助于；致力于 ‎33．lose heart丧失勇气或信心 ‎34．come to power当权；上台 ‎35．set up设立；建立；搭起 ‎36．be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎37．in one’s opinion在某人看来 ‎38．He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969. 1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。‎ ‎39．...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ ‎……直到今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。‎ ‎40．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。‎ 基础知识夯实 Ⅰ.语境填词 ‎1．I’ll give my vote (选票) to the man in whom I have faith.‎ ‎2．In ancient times，a devil called “Nian” that lived under the sea would attack(攻击) people once a year on the eve of the New Year.‎ ‎3．The prisoner escaped (逃跑) through a hole in the wall last night.‎ ‎4．By the time Kenny, 16，reached his third year of high school，he had become vice president(会长) of his school’s cooking club.‎ ‎5．My mum is a volunteer in a hospital. She brings dinner every Sunday to the people attending to their relatives (亲属) who are in hospital.‎ ‎6．The next morning，I received a call from the mother，saying that they couldn’t express how much my generous (慷慨的) act touched them.‎ ‎7．The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality(质量)．(2018·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎8．It is illegal (legal) to sell tobacco to someone under 16.‎ ‎9．Without your guidance (guide) and encouragement，we couldn’t have made such great progress.‎ ‎10．Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent (violence) for use at the table.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎11．Women have yet to achieve full equality (equal) with men in the workplace.‎ ‎12．When asked for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)．‎ ‎13．We are aiming to build a peaceful (peace) school. I think it is every student’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.‎ ‎14．Although she is an educated (educate) woman，I often hear her say bad words.‎ ‎15．With my overall energy devoted (devote) to revision，I have no time to surf the Internet.‎ Ⅱ.选词成篇 The situation has become worse and worse since the new government 1.came to power. I am 2.out of work. I don’t know whom to 3.turn to. I thought of my head teacher one day，who always encouraged us not to 4.lose heart and be hopeful about the future when we were 5.in trouble.‎ Last year，Tom 6.was sentenced to death for 7.blowing up a chemical factory which had just been 8.set up. 9.As a matter of fact，Tom was once a good person and 10.willing to help others but he was also a victim，because the chemical factory gave off a large amount of poisonous substances，‎ which affected him greatly. 11.In my opinion，every one of us should be responsible for our own actions.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．The first time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals.(the first time)(2018·全国Ⅰ)‎ 我第一次去那里时，他们和狗、鸭子和其他动物住在一个小房子里。‎ ‎2．He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award. (the first...to do)(2018·全国Ⅲ)‎ 他是第一个获得这个奖项的中国公民。‎ ‎3．We have reached a stage where we must take effective measures to protect the environment.(where)‎ 我们到了这样一个阶段：必须采取有效措施来保护环境。‎ ‎4．The last five years saw the rapid development in the Internet.(see)‎ 过去的五年见证了互联网的迅速发展。‎ ‎1．后缀ance高频名词大集合 ‎(1)guidance n．指导；领导 ‎(2)performance n．表演；履行 ‎(3)appearance n．外表；出现 ‎(4)assistance n．帮助 ‎(5)significance n．重要；重要性 ‎2．“人物性格特点”的反义形容词词对 ‎(1)mean吝啬的→generous慷慨的 ‎(2)selfish自私的→selfless无私的 ‎(3)inferior自卑的→superior高傲的 ‎3．lose短语归纳 ‎(1)lose heart丧失信心 ‎(2)lose face丢脸 ‎(3)lose control失去控制 ‎(4)lose touch失去联系 ‎(5)lose oneself失去自我 ‎4．“out of＋n.”短语小结 ‎(1)out of work失业 ‎(2)out of mind心不在焉 ‎(3)out of sight看不见 ‎(4)out of order有毛病；出故障 ‎(5)out of breath上气不接下气 ‎(1)devote...to...把……致力于……，专心于……‎ devote oneself to献身于；致力于 ‎(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的 be devoted to致力于；献身于；热爱……‎ ‎(3)devotion n．奉献；关照；忠诚 ‎(1)Most children long for and need a loving，devoted(devote) and responsible father.‎ ‎(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨三中二模)‎ ‎(2)Only when we realize the importance of helping each other can we be devoted to building(build) a harmonious society.‎ ‎[句式升级]‎ ‎(3)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.‎ ‎①Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎②Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)‎ vote v．投票，选举，表决；提议 n．选票；投票；表决 ‎(1)vote sb.sth.选出/推举某人担任某职务；表决为某人提供某物 vote for投票赞成 vote against投票反对 vote on就……投票表决 ‎(2)put sth.to the vote把某事交付表决 ‎(1)For example，a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for(投票赞成) him might say that heal one can save the country from a terrible war.‎ ‎(2)Fearing that most of the citizens voted against(投票反对) him，he wore a smile.‎ ‎(3)We had no choice but to put it to the vote(只好投票表决)．‎ equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 n．同等的人；相等物 v．与……相等，等于；比得上 ‎(1)be equal in在……方面比得上 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；胜任……‎ ‎(2)be without equal/have no equal无与伦比 ‎(3)equally adv.相等地；同样地 equality n．平等 ‎(1)Leaving aside the birthrate is sue，India’s economy may take off when the country achieves equality(equal) of educational opportunity.‎ ‎(2)He is equal to Tom in ability.‎ ‎(3)In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal/are without equal(无与伦比)．‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“胜任……”的其他短语：‎ be fit for，be up to，be qualified for，be adequate to escape v．逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏 n．逃脱；逃避；漏出 ‎(1)escape from从……逃脱；逃避……‎ escape doing/being done逃避(被)做某事 ‎(2)a narrow escape九死一生 ‎[写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)I’m sorry，but your name escapes me.被遗忘；被忽略 ‎(2)How will we know if there’s any gas escaping？流出；泄漏 ‎(3)The cinema allowed people to escape from the depressing realities of their lives.逃避 ‎(4)Three people died in the fire，but John escaped through the bedroom window.逃脱 ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(5)你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。‎ ‎①You are lucky to escape punishment.‎ ‎②You are lucky to escape being punished.‎ 易错点拨　注意下面两个短语的区别：‎ escape from prison越狱；escape prison逃过牢狱之灾 reward v．酬谢；奖励，奖赏 n．奖金；回报；报酬 ‎(1)reward sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人 reward sb.with sth.用某物奖赏/回报某人 ‎(2)in reward for为奖赏……；为报答……‎ as a reward for作为对……的奖赏/回报 ‎(3)rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的 ‎(1)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.(2016·北京)‎ 学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。‎ ‎(2)I’d like to do something in reward for/as a reward for her kindness.我想做点什么来报答她的好意。‎ ‎(3)Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience.‎ ‎(2018·北京)‎ 沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而有益的经历。‎ turn down调低；拒绝 turn away拒绝……入内；把……打发走 turn up出现；露面；调大 turn out证明是；结果是；生产；赶走 turn over打翻；移交 ‎[写出下列句子中turn to的汉语意思]‎ ‎(1)At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.(2016·全国Ⅲ)求助于 ‎(2)It is time he turned his mind to more serious problems.转向 ‎(3)Let’s turn to more important matters now.开始考虑；开始讨论 ‎(4)Don’t always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.查阅 lose one’s heart to爱上；喜欢上 by heart凭记忆；能背诵 heart and soul全心全意地 eat/tear one’s heart out为某事暗自伤神；忧伤 ‎(1)We should not lose heart in face of difficulties. If we work hard，we will find a way out.‎ ‎(2016·天津)‎ 我们不应在困难面前丧失信心。只要我们努力，就会找到出路。‎ ‎(2)The children can repeat the poem they’ve just learnt by heart.‎ 这些孩子能背诵他们刚学过的诗歌。‎ He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。‎ ‎(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。‎ ‎(2)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。‎ ‎(3)作定语的动词如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。‎ ‎(1)He is always the first one to get(get) to school every day.‎ ‎(2)I caught the bus with only a few seconds to spare.‎ 我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了公交车。‎ ‎(3)At present，I have a comfortable house to live in.‎ 目前，我有一所舒适的房子居住。‎ 引导时间状语从句的词语还有：‎ ‎(1)each/every time每次……的时候 next time下次……时 any time任何时候 last time上次……时 by the time到……为止 ‎(2)the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，immediately，instantly，directly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...一……就……‎ ‎(1)The first time I interviewed him(我第一次采访他时)，he looked a bit nervous.‎ ‎(2)By the time he was12(到他12岁为止)，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics by himself.‎ 易错点拨　for the first time是介词短语，在句中只能作状语，不能用来引导时间状语从句。‎ I don’t remember the exact date I met Marty for the first time.我不记得我第一次见到马蒂的确切日期。‎ ‎ ‎