2020届北师大版高考英语语言知识运用冲刺集训：语法填空1 10页

语法填空1‎ ‎1、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Smile is a universal language, which ___1___ (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and ___2___ (amuse), but it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and ___3___ (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smiling is not only ___4___ expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid ___5___(be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (嘲笑). For example: When a child falls off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, ___6___ is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh.‎ The laugh is ___7___ (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various ___8___ (meaning) about laugh. Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (腹部) laugh that comes ___9___ the deepest emotions while most Chinese may think ___10___ silly to laugh that way.‎ ‎2、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    The makeup of British families has changed①__________(rapid) over the last two hundred years. The traditional family structure (结构)before the Industrial Revolution was the extended family in ②__________three generations lived under one roof. The early twentieth century saw the③__________( grow) of the nuclear family—parents and a small number of④__________( child) would form a single family. In the last thirty years, however, the UK⑤__________( see) a breakdown of the typical nuclear family.‎ ‎    Increased divorce rates, later marriage and a move away from marriage altogether have resulted⑥__________new forms of family ; divorced parents will develop new relationships and take their kids with them. A survey⑦__________( conduct) by researchers shows that over 50% of kids are now born to parents who are not married.‎ ‎    Some minority communities stick to the extended family structure, and it is common ⑧__________(find) that three generations are living together in an Indian family. They say that apart from strengthening traditional family ties,⑨__________can provide security for older ‎ people when they cannot work anymore. They believe that the phenomenon of other old people living in care homes ⑩__________ (indicate) that many old people in the wider community are abandoned in their old age.‎ ‎3、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There is a small but growing movement in America of many ___1___ ( family) that want to reduce waste to zero. ___2___ (they) goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach. Some come close, reducing a year’s worth of trash to only a few things ___3___ can fit into a small container. All other things, they say, can be recycled or composted.‎ Zero Wasters, as they are called, help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media. A lot of people have given ___4___ (value) advice on the subject recently. Some of the advice includes where to buy things ___5___ (avoid) unwanted packaging and how to recycle things that most people throw away.‎ Bea Johnson, a housewife, says that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations ___6___ ever before. She, who is ___7___ (satisfy) with the fact, says all their clothing comes from used clothing stores. She says that has reduced her household spending ___8___ 40 percent.‎ Zero Wasters advocate ___9___ (talk) about five “r’s” that describe want they do: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot. They request that things like remaining food not ___10___ (throw) away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants.‎ ‎4、阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎    Should naps(小睡) actually ①__________(take) during the day? Well, we certainly know from ②__________(evident) in the sleep center and that of many other scientists that naps can give you benefits for both your brain ③__________your body. But naps can actually be ④__________double-edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure. So when you try to fall asleep at night, you’ll fall asleep quickly and then you’ll stay asleep. And when we sleep, we actually release that sleepiness so that we wake up the next morning feeling ⑤__________(refresh).‎ ‎    So if you take a nap during the day, especially if you take it too late in the afternoon, you will actually release some of that sleepiness and it will make it much ⑥__________(hard) to fall asleep and stay asleep soundly throughout the night. So the advice would be if you don’t struggle with your sleep and you can nap ⑦__________(regular), then naps are just fine.‎ ‎    But if you do find it difficult ⑧__________(fall) asleep or stay asleep at night, then you should avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.‎ ‎    The ideal nap depends on ⑨__________you want from that nap. Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body ⑩__________(benefit).‎ ‎5、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Friends are extremely important for everyone. ①_________ it is a child，a teenager，a middle-aged person or an old person, everyone needs good friends around to live life to the ②_________ (full).‎ During childhood，friendship helps make us understand and develop the habit of sharing and caring. Small kids develop friendship faster and enjoy the company of their ③_________ (friend). They play and learn together. Friends are important for their proper ④_________ (grow) and development. As teenagers，friends become more important for us. We go through many changes during our teenage. Many of the problems faced during this age cannot discussed with our parents and other family members. However, we arc quite comfortable ⑤_________ (share) these with our friends. Having good friends ⑥_________ can listen to our problems and provide us support and guidance is indeed a blessing (福分）during this age.‎ More and more people these days ⑦_________ (suffer) from mid-life crisis (中年危机）. Their family， job, kids and almost everyone and everything around begins to appear as ⑧_________ burden to them at this age. Having good friends around at this time can help a lot.‎ Friends are ⑨_________ (equal) important during old age. Some old people are left alone during their old age. If they have friends around，their life remains ⑩_________ (joy) and interesting.‎ ‎6、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ What was exceptional about the two ①_______(man) stay on the desert island?‎ Two men ②_______ recently spent five days ③_______ a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it ④_______ (repair). During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly ⑤_______ (load) a small rubber dinghy with food，matches，and some necessary ⑥_______ (equip) and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at ⑦_______ tiny coral island. There were ⑧_______ (hard) any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they ⑨_______ ( bring) a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught fish every day，and one of them regarded ⑩_______ as “eating like kings”. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. is used 2. amusement 3. friendly 4. an 5. being 6. which 7. Related 8. meanings 9. from 10. it/it's 解析： 【1题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。句意：微笑是世界语言，在全世界被广泛使用。但是，在不同的文化中，微笑的意思是不同的。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查名词。该空在句中和joy并列，做express的宾语，故要用名词。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查形容词。friendly是形容词，和open并列，做be的表语。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：微笑不仅仅是快乐的表示，而且是避免尴尬的方式。expression意为“表达，表示，表现”，是可数名词。结合句意，该处应用不定冠词。且expression的发音开头是元音音素，故该空应填不定冠词an。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后面接名词或动名词做宾语。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“____7______is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of impolite laugh”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，引导词在从句中做主语，故要用关系代词which引导该从句。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查介词。be related to意为“和……有关”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查名词。meaning意为“意思”，是可数名词，该空前有different修饰，故要填复数形式。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查代词。it在句中做形式宾语，指代“to laugh that way”。另外，“_____10________silly to laugh that way”还可看作think的宾语从句，在该从句中，it是形式主语，代指“to laugh that way”，is是系动词。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：rapidly; which ; growth; children ; has seen; in; conducted; to find ; it; indicates 解析：【1题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：在过去的200年里，英国人的家庭组成结构发生了快速的变化。在英语中通常使用副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子。本句中句中changed是动词，要用副词修饰。所以要填 rapidly。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：在工业革命前英国传统的家庭结构是三代居住在一起的大家庭。本句是一个定语从句，应该使用关系代词指代先行词family，并在定语从句中做介词in的宾语，用关系代词which。所以要填which。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：二十世纪初期建筑了核心家庭的成长。句中saw是及物动词，后接名词作宾语。growth是动词grow的名词形式。所以要填 growth。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：父母亲和孩子们形成了单个的家庭。child是可数名词，其前有a number of修饰时要用复数形式。所以要填 children。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：在过去三十年里，英国见证了核心家庭的破裂。根据时间状语In the last thirty years要用现在完成时态，且主语UK是单数形式，助动词用has。所以要填 has seen。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查动词固定搭配。句意：越来越高的离婚率、晚婚晚育等原因导致了核心家庭的破裂。‎ 动词短语 in意为"引起， 导致"，是固定搭配。所以句中要填 in．‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：研究人员进行的一项调查显示百分之50的孩子是由未婚的父母亲所生的。句中名词survey与conduct之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词短语conducted by researchers作定语。所以要填 conducted．‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式。句意：在印度家庭里三代人生活在一起是很常见的。句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to find that three generations are living together in an Indian family。所以要填 to find．‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：他们说除了加强传统家庭联系以外，大家庭还可以给不再工作的老人提供安全。句中it指代前文中提到的the extended family structure，使用要填 it。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：他们认为老人生活在护理中心说明很多社区里的老人在年老的时候被抛弃了。主语phenomenon是单数形式，且表示一般事实，谓语动词也应用单数形式。所以要填 indicates。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1. families 2. Their 3. that 4. valuable 5. to avoid 6. than 7. satisfied 8. by 9. talking 10. be thrown 解析： 【1题详解】考查名词的数。family为可数名词，由many修饰应用复数形式families。‎ ‎【2题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们不产生垃圾的目标可能是不可能实现的。goal为名词，前面需要形容词修饰，故填形容词性物主代词Their，注意句首字母大写。‎ ‎【3题详解】考查连接词。句意：有些已经接近了，将一年的垃圾减少到只有几个东西可以装进一个小容器里。定语从句修饰先行词things，且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，故用关系代词that。‎ ‎【4题详解】考查形容词。advice为名词，前需要形容词修饰，表示“有价值的建议”故填valuable。‎ ‎【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：其中一些建议包括在哪里买东西以避免不必要的包装，以及如何回收许多数人扔掉的东西。本句不定式表“去哪里买东西”的目的是“避免不必要的包装”，故填to avoid。‎ ‎【6题详解】考查介词。句意：家庭主妇Bea Johnson说，减少购物意味着她的家庭比以往任何时候都有更多的钱来享受有趣的假期。根据上文的more可知为形容词比较级，表示两者之间的比较，故填than。‎ ‎【7题详解】考查形容词。固定短语sb. be satisfied with“某人对……感到满意”，故填satisfied。‎ ‎【8题详解】考查介词。句意：她说，这使她的家庭开支减少了40%。短语reduce…by…“减少了”，故填by。‎ ‎【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。短语advocate doing sth.“倡导某事”后跟动词-ing形式做宾语，故填talking。‎ ‎【10题详解】考查被动语态。句意：他们要求像剩饭剩菜之类的东西不要随意扔掉，不要在餐馆里丢弃餐具。本句中throw做things的谓语，且构成被动关系，上文已经出现否定词not，故下文应用动词原形，故填be thrown。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：be taken; evidence; and; a; refreshed; harder; regularly; to fall; what; benefits 解析：1．be taken．考查被动．根据句意：白天真的应该午睡吗？分析句子可知本句的主语是naps ，所以谓语用被动语态，故填be taken．‎ ‎ 2． evidence．考查名词．介词from后边跟名词做宾语，evidence是名词"证据"．‎ ‎3． and．考查固定短语．both…and是固定结构"两者都"，故填and．‎ ‎4． a．考查冠词．根据句意：午睡实际上是一把双刃剑．可知这里是泛指，所以用不定冠词a．故填a．‎ ‎5． refreshed． 考查形容词．feel是系动词， refreshed是过去分词做表语"感觉清爽的"．故填refreshed．‎ ‎6．‎ ‎ harder．考查比较级．根据句意：这会使人很难入睡，整晚都睡得很香．此处是形容词做宾补，much修饰比较级，故填harder．‎ ‎7． regularly．考查副词．此处是用副词修饰动词，regularly是副词"有规则地"．故填regularly．‎ ‎8． to fall．考查不定式．分析句子可知it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语，故填to fall．‎ ‎9． what． 考查宾语从句．在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语，所以用what引导．故填what．‎ ‎10． benefits．考查名词．根据句意：给了你不同类型的大脑和身体的好处．benefit是名词"好处"本句应该用复数形式，故填benefits．‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.客观填空 Whether2.客观填空 fullest3.主观填空 friends4.客观填空 growth5.客观填空 sharing6.主观填空 who/that7.客观填空 are suffering8.客观填空 a9.客观填空 equally10.客观填空 joyful 解析： ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了朋友 在人生不同年龄段的重要性。‎ ‎1.Whether 考査连词。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处表示无论是孩子、青少年、中年人还是老人，每个人都需要好朋友。whether. .. or...是固定搭配，意为“无论是……还是……”，引导让步状 语从句。故填Whether。注意首字母大写。‎ ‎2.fullest考查固定搭配。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处指每个人都需要好朋友的陪伴来充实生活。to the fullest是同定搭配，意为“充分地，尽情地”。故填fullest。‎ ‎3.friends考査名词的复数。‎ ‎【解题思路】空格前的“their”指代该句中的“Small kids”,他们的朋友应不止一人，故此处应用名词复数。故填friends。‎ ‎4.growth考査词性转换。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据空格前的形容词“proper”可知，此处应用grow的名词形式。故填growth。‎ ‎5.sharing考査非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解题思路】share与其逻辑主语“we”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填sharing。‎ ‎6.who/that考查定语从句。‎ ‎【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行调是“friends”，指人，应用who或that引导该从句。故填who/that。‎ ‎7.are suffering考査动词的时态。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据本句中的时间状语“these days”可知，此处表示现阶段正在发生的嚷，应用现在进行时。故填 are suffering。‎ ‎8.a考査冠词。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处表示某事对某人来说是一个负担， 表泛指，且“burden”的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。‎ ‎9.equally考査副词。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处应用副词修饰形容词“ important ”。 故填 equally。‎ ‎10.joyful考查词性转换。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据空格后的“and interesting”可知，此 处应用形容词。故填joyful。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.客观填空 men’s2.主观填空 who/that3.客观填空 on4.客观填空 repaired5.客观填空 loaded6.客观填空 equipment7.客观填空 a8.客观填空 hardly9.客观填空 had brought10.客观填空 it 解析： ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两个人被困在荒岛并乐在其中的故事。‎ ‎1.men’s考査名词的复数和所有格。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据语境可知，此处指两个人在荒岛上的生活。two后应用名词的复数形式，故用men此处stay是名词，与空格处之间是所属关系。故填 men’s。‎ ‎2.who/that考査定语从句。‎ ‎【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词“Two men”，指人，应用who或what引导该从句。故填who/that。‎ ‎3.on考査介词。‎ ‎【解题思路】spend. .. on...是固定搭配，意为“把…… 花费在……上”。故填on。‎ ‎4.repaired考査非谓语动词。‎ ‎【解题思路】have sth. done是固定搭配，意为“使某事被做”。故填repaired。‎ ‎5.loaded考査动词的时态。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据全文整体的时态为一般过去时和该句中的“ and rowed ”可知，此处和“ rowed ”是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填loaded。‎ ‎6.equipment考査词性转换和名词的单复数。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据空格前的“some necessary”可知，此处应用名词复数；equip的名词形式是equipment，意为“设备”，是不可数名词。故填equipment。‎ ‎7.a考査冠词。‎ ‎【解题思路】island是可数名词，此处泛指一座珊瑚小岛；且tiny的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 故填a。‎ ‎8.hardly考查词性转换。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据下文语境可知，此处指这座小岛上几乎没有树。hardly意为“几乎不”，符合语境。故填 hardly。‎ ‎9.had brought考查动词的时态。‎ ‎【解题思路】根据本文整体时态为一般过去时和该句中的“they had plenty”可知，bring这一动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故运had hroughu ‎ ‎10.it考査代词。‎ ‎【解题思路】此处应用it指代上文提到的他们每天吃鱼这件事。故填it。‎ ‎ ‎