高中英语选修七Unit1 Living well Period 3教案 4页

Period 3　Grammar 设计者　邵宁宁 Teaching aims　　　‎ ‎1．Students will be able to recognize the infinitives and know the exact meanings of them.‎ ‎2．Students will be able to use these structures correctly.‎ Teaching procedures　　　‎ Step 1　Revision Ask several students to retell Marty's story.Show Marty's mini biography on the PowerPoint.‎ My mini biography Name Marty Fielding Status High school student Health Developed a muscle disease at the age of 10，very weak，cannot do things like normal people Interests and Hobbies ‎ ‎·Enjoying writing and computer programming ‎·Going to the movies and football matches with friends ‎·Spending a lot of time with my pets—two rabbits，a parrot，a tank full of fish and a tortoise Ambition To work for a firm that develops computer software Motto Live one day at a time Step 2　Discovering useful structures ‎1．基本概念 不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，而且不能单独用作谓语，但仍旧有动词的特点，即可有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语，使用频率较高。是一个考试经常考查的语法点。‎ ‎2．基本形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done ‎ 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing ‎/‎ 完成进行式 to have been doing ‎/‎ 否定形式 ‎ not to do ‎ not to be done 疑问词＋不定式 wh－ to do wh－ to be done 复合结构 sb.to do/for sb.to do ‎/‎ ‎　　3.句法功能 不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，还可以有自己的逻辑主语，即for sb.to do sth.。‎ It is good to_help_others.(subject)‎ It is my ambition to_make_sure_that_the_disabled_people_in_our_neighbourhood_have_‎ access_to_all_public_buildings.(subject)‎ My ambition is_to_work_in the computer industry when I grow up.(predicative)‎ I don't have time to_sit_around feeling sorry for myself.(attributive)‎ I am the only student in my class to_have_a_pet_snake.(attributive)‎ A big company has decided to_buy_it_from_me.(object)‎ My fellow students have begun to_accept_me_for_who_I_am.(object)‎ I have had to work hard_to_live_a_normal_life.(adverbial)‎ Some days I am too tired to_get_out_of_bed.(adverbial)‎ We must call on local government_to_give_financial_assistance_to_disabled_people. (object complement)‎ ‎4．不定式的时态与语态 根据需要，不定式可以有一般式(to do)，完成式(to have done)，完成进行式(to have been doing)，进行式(to be doing)等时态形式以及被动形式to be done和to have been done。‎ He didn't allow us to go home early.‎ 他不允许我们早回家。‎ He seemed to have seen the film.‎ 他好像看过这部电影。‎ She is said to have been living in the city for six years.‎ 据说她住在该城市六年了。‎ The boy pretended to be reading when his mother came in.‎ 当他母亲进来的时候，小男孩假装在读书。‎ He is said to have studied abroad a few years ago.‎ 据说他几年前在国外学习过。‎ The book is said to have been translated into many languages.‎ 据说此书已被译成了多种语言。‎ ‎[注意]‎ ‎1．The following verbs are usually followed by the infinitive.‎ afford，agree，appear，arrange，ask，attempt，care，choose，claim，come，consent，dare，decide，demand，deserve，determine，elect，endeavor，expect，fail，get，guarantee，hate，help，hesitate，hope，hurry，intend，learn，long，manage，mean，need，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，say，seem，tend，threaten，want，wish For example：‎ I can't afford to_go to the pub.‎ He agreed to_practice_more.‎ You should learn to_express_yourself.‎ They managed_to_fix_the_problem.‎ ‎2．Explanation of the gerund and the infinitive Some words can be followed by either the infinitive or the －ing form.Please pay attention when there is no difference in meaning and when there is difference.‎ ‎(1)The gerund and the infinitive (no difference in meaning)‎ We use the gerund or the infinitive after the following verbs：‎ begin He began talking. ‎ He began to talk.‎ continue They continue smoking.‎ They continue to smoke.‎ hate Do you hate working on Saturdays？‎ Do you hate to work on Saturdays？‎ like I like swimming.‎ I like to swim.‎ love She loves painting. ‎ She loves to paint.‎ prefer Pat prefers walking home.‎ Pat prefers to walk home.‎ start They start singing.‎ They start to sing.‎ ‎　　We use the gerund or the infinitive after the following verbs.There are two possible structures after these verbs.Gerund：verb＋－ing ‎ Infinitive：verb＋person＋to－infinitive advise They advise walking_to town.‎ They advise us_to_walk to town.‎ allow They do not allow smoking here.‎ They do not allow_us_to_smoke_here.‎ encourage They encourage_doing_the test.‎ They encourage us_to_do_the test.‎ permit They do not permit smoking here.‎ They do not permit us_to_smoke here.‎ ‎　　We use the following structures after the word recommend：‎ recommend They recommend walking_to town.‎ They recommend that_we_(should)_walk_to_town.‎ ‎　　(2)Some verbs or verb phrases have different meanings when used with the gerund or the infinitive.‎ GERUND INFINITIVE forget He'll never forget spending_so much money on his first computer. 他永远不会忘记在第一台电脑上花费了这么多钱。‎ Don't forget to_spend money on the tickets. ‎ 不要忘记用钱去买票。‎ go on Go on reading the text.‎ 继续读这篇文章。(继续做同一件事)‎ Go on to_read_the text.‎ 继续读这篇文章。(继续做另一件事)‎ mean You have forgotten your homework again.That means phoning_your mother.‎ 你又忘记做家庭作业了，这意味着我要打电话给你妈妈。‎ I meant to_phone your mother，but my mobile didn't work.‎ 我本打算打电话给你妈妈，但是我的手机坏了。‎ remember I remember switching_off the lights when I went on holiday.‎ 我记得我去度假时把灯都关掉了。‎ Remember to_switch_off the lights when you go on holiday. ‎ 当你去度假时，记得把灯关掉。‎ stop Stop reading_the text.‎ 停止读这篇文章。‎ Stop to_read_the text.‎ 停下来读这篇文章。‎ try Why don't you try running_after the dog？‎ 你为什么不尝试跟着狗跑呢？‎ I tried to_run after the dog，but I．..‎ 我竭尽全力跟着狗跑，但是……‎ Step 3　Drilling Ask students to do Exercise 2 on Page 5 and check with their partners then check together.‎ Keys：to have kept you waiting；to have forgotten；to have finished；‎ Ask students to do Exercise 3 and share their past experience in a group.‎ Keys：to have spent；To free；to see；to treat；to help pass；to abolish Step 4　Using the infinitive Ask students to translate the following sentences into English and pay attention to the use of the infinitive.‎ ‎1．我忘了让你去社区服务中心了。‎ ‎2．在检查机器之前关掉电源是很重要的。‎ ‎3．我不知道哪儿能找到这种纽扣。‎ ‎4．幸运的是，我们没有更多的活儿要做。‎ ‎5．海伦很高兴到过中国20多个省、市。‎ ‎6．她事业有成，现在最大的愿望就是结婚生子。‎ Suggested answers：‎ ‎1．I forgot to ask you to go to the community service center.‎ ‎2．It's very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.‎ ‎3．I don't know where to find such a kind of button.‎ ‎4．Luckily，we don't have much more work to do.‎ ‎5．Helen is very pleased to have travelled in more than 20 provinces and cities in China.‎ ‎6．She has been very successful in her work，and now her greatest wish is to get married and have some children.‎ Step 5　Homework Finish off Exercises 2 and 3 on P49.‎